Matakuliah
Tahun
: L0472 - Psikologi Forensik
: Feb -2010
Specific Psychological Condition
and Fitness To Stand Trial I
Pertemuan 06
Psychopathy or
Other Coping Strategies
Insufficient individual-based
research
Public exposure  Malingering  NGRI
Most NGRI Patients are Schizophrenic
(Rogers & Shuman, 2000)
Disorder
Percentage
Schizophrenic
62.2
Personality disorder
12.0
Organic disorder or mental retardation
5.8
Mood disorder
5.0
Other
11.6
Legal Mechanism To Bring Offenders to
Justice
Fitness To Stand Trial
NCRMD  Re-examination every 2 years
Canada (1894)
Not Guilty By Reason of Insanity (NGRI)
a person is insane when . . .
Is in a state of natural imbecility
or has disease of the mind to an extent that renders him
incapable of appreciating the nature and quality of an
act or omission or of knowing that an act or omission is
wrong.
Canada (1992) - NCRMD
Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental
Disorder
No person is criminally responsible for an act committed
or an omission made while suffering from a mental
disorder that rendered that person incapable of
appreciating the nature and quality of an act or omission
or of knowing that an act or omission is wrong.
Criminal Code s. 16
Who is Found NCRMD?
•
•
•
•
•
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White single male
Late 20’s early 30’s
A history of psychiatric hospitalizations
Unemployed, w/o grade 12
Psychotic
Tends to have committed a non-violent crime
25
Looking For The Proper ‘Punishment’
Imprisonment ?
Henry (2003)
Capital Punishment (death sentence) ?
Meloy (1990)
Rehabilitation, Treatment, Reintegration
If found NGRI / NCRMD
Definition
DSM-IV-TR :
Psychopathy  Anti-social Personality Disorder
ICD-10 :
Psychopathy 
Sociopathy or Dissocial Personality Disorder
Some traits shared by psychopaths
Source: Without Conscience, by Robert Hare (Guilford Press, 1999)
Emotions:
• Glib, superficial, arrogant, narcissistic,
• Ruthless and short-tempered
• Distinct lack of empathy
• No conscience or sense of remorse.
Relationships:
• Few close relationships and deceitful,
• Incredibly manipulative and charming despite shallow emotions.
Some traits shared by psychopaths (con’d)
Source: Without Conscience, by Robert Hare (Guilford Press, 1999)
Lifestyle:
• Irresponsible
• Impulsive
• Sensation seeking
• Quite rational and able to act in real world
•  Martens (2002): incomplete because emotional
suffering and loneliness are ignored
• Early personal and social problems often develop into
anti-social behaviour later in life.
Three typical signs in childhood (MacDonald Triad):
Enuresis / cruelty to animals / fire-setting
Some traits shared by psychopaths (con’d)
Source: Without Conscience, by Robert Hare (Guilford Press, 1999)
Hare Psychopathy-Checklist [Revised]
Incidence:
Estimated two million psychopaths in North America.
Causes:
Not scientifically known. Studies suggest a combination of
nature and nurture, including abnormal brain functioning.
No effective therapy. No rehabilitation.
Camouflage Society