American Demography & Immigration
 Nascent Immigration
 The Slave Trade
South
Southwest
 Old Immigration
 New Immigration
 Newest Immigration
 Current Immigration
Some Basic4 Key
Concepts
 What is the nature
of inter-group relations in
Questions
multiethnic societies?
 How are the various ethnic groups ranked and
what are consequences of that ranking
system?
 How does the dominant group maintain its
place and how do subordinate groups attempt
to change that?
 What are the long-range outcomes of ethnic
inter-relations?
Some Basic Concepts
Ethnic Groups
 Unique cultural
Traits
 Sense of Community
 Ethnocentrism
 Ascribed
Membership
 Territoriality
Some Basic Concepts
Race
 As a Biological Notion
 As a Social Construct
 In the Ideology of Racism
Ethnic
Stratification
Dominant Groups
Political, Economic, and Cultural
Dominance
Middleman Minorities
Minority Groups
Differential Treatment
Social Definition
Differential Power
Categorical Nature
Sociological and Numerical Meanings
Ethnic Stratification
Forms of Contact
 Conquest
 Annexation
 Voluntary Immigration
 Involuntary Immigration
Prejudice and Discrimination
 Prejudice
Stereotypes
Social Distance
 Discrimination
Individual
Institutional
Structural
Assimilation and Pluralism
Factors Affecting Assimilation
 Manner of Entrance
 Time of Entrance
 Demographic Factors
 Cultural Similarity
 Visibility
Assimilation and Pluralism
Assimilation
 Cultural Assimilation
 Structural Assimilation
 Biological Assimilation
 Psychological
Assimilation
Assimilation
and
Pluralism
Types of Pluralism
Equalitarian Pluralism
American Case
Non-American Cases
Inequalitarian Pluralism
Competitive Race Relations
Internal Colonialism
Annihilation or Expulsion
Typology of Multiethnic
Societies
Colonial
Societies
Corporate
Pluralistic
Societies
Assimilationist
Societies
See Figure 4.1 and Table 4.2
Historical Context
 Manner of Entry and Racial Status
 Development
 Mexican-Americans
conquest/annexation
voluntary immigration-economic push-pull
 Puerto Ricans
voluntary immigrationeconomic push-pull and relative political ease
 Cubans
involuntary immigration-early political push
voluntary immigration-economic push-pull
Demographics Today
 Population-young, rapidly growing, continuing
migration and high birth rate
 Geography
 Mexican-Americans-Southwest and dispersed
 Puerto Ricans-New York +
 Cubans-Miami, Florida +
 Others-the same major metropolitan areas
Socioeconomic Status
 Income and Wealth
 Occupation
 Education
 Special Cuban Case-
institutional completeness
 Outlook
Political Power
 Mexican-Americans
increasingly influential
 Puerto Ricans
limited extent
 Cubans
dominant force
 Outlook
Demography Today
 Population-13% of America
 Diversity-involuntary and voluntary immigrants
 Geographical Patterns-urban
 Economic Status
Occupation-5.2 unemployment vs 10.8
Education-89 vs 80 and 30 vs 17
 Class or Race?
 Societal Power
Political Power-mixed and very local
Economic Power-less than political
Prejudice and Discrimination
 Formation of Ghettos-own preference or
discrimination?
 Residential Segregation-dominative vs aversive?
 Changes in Racial Attitudes-surveys
 Stereotypes and Social Distance-racial liberalism
 Attitudes and Actions-ambivalence in action
 Contrasting Views
of Socioeconomic Gap-own shortcomings or
discrimination?
of Problems and Solutions-mopping up or deeply
rooted?
Assimilation or Pluralism
 Assimilation
Cultural-reciprocal
Structural-secondary only
Assimilation Model-very slow, unstable family?
Assimilation and Visibility
 Inequalitarian Pluralistic Model
-internal colonial model
Immigration and Settlement
 First Wave
Chinese
Japanese
 Second Wave
Koreans
Filipinos
Vietnamese
Asian Indians
Others
Demographics Today
In the Class System
 Socioeconomic Status
Income
Occupation
Education
 Ethnic and Class Factors in Upward Mobility
 Political Power
Prejudice and Discrimination
 The ‘Yellow Peril’
 Japanese Internment
 In the Modern Era
 vs other Minorities
 As Model Minority
 as immigrants
Historical
Context
 as a conquered indigenous population
 displacement and depopulation
 American policy:
economic-land
cultural-assimilation
political-control
 Indian policy:
tribal survival (maintenance of relations and
distinct cultural orders)
political autonomy
Native American Demographics
 Population Growth
Reservation Indians
Urban Indians
 Socioeconomic
Status
Economic
Education
Health
Canada vs US
The Evolution of the
English-French Schism
 The English Conquest
 Confederation
 The New French-Canadian Nationalism
 The Quiet Revolution
 The Rise of Parti Quebecois
 Sovereignty-Association
 Language
 French-Canadian Ethnic Identity
Canada’s Third Force
Visible Minorities
…and
Aboriginal Peoples
Stability and Change
 Melting Pot vs Mosaic
 Canadian Pluralism
 Multiculturalism
 Looking Beyond
Shifting Patterns of Immigration
 Uneven Development
 Political Conflict
 Changes in Western Europe
The Resurgence of Ethnic Nationalism
Civic vs Ethnic Nationalism
Breakup of Yugoslovia
Corporate Pluralism under Tito
Dissolution of Yugoslav Federation
Contemporary Conflict
Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia
The End of Ethnic Harmony
Kosovo and the Expansion of the Yugoslav Conflict
Exploitation of Ethnicity
The Endurance of Ethnic Conflict
 Stimulants of Ethnic Conflict
Inequalities in Power and Wealth
Cultural Differences
Physical Distinctions
Status Inequality
 Containment of Ethnic Conflict