Matakuliah
Tahun
: S0902 – Manajemen Infrastruktur
: 2010
Topic 5
Sustainability Infrastructure
Session 10-13
Learning outcomes
Mahasiswa dapat mengevaluasi
kondisi
infrastruktur manajemen dari berbagai
negara dengan berbagai kasus-kasus yang ada,
berdasarkan aspek-aspek yang sudah dipelajari
sebelumnya , dalam upaya menciptakan
infrastruktur manajemen yang baik
dan berkelanjutan.
Bina Nusantara University
3
Mind Map ( Topic 5 )
Bina Nusantara University
4
Contents
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Public Involvement
Environmental & Social Aspect
Legal & Institutional Aspect
Financial & Economic Aspect
Case Study
Bina Nusantara University
5
Sustainability
"The design of new infrastructure, and the
re-design, rehabilitation, re-use or
optimization of existing infrastructure,
which is consistent with the principles of
urban sustainability and global
sustainable development“
[file://localhost/F:/D1935/as%20Lecturer/TEACHING/Infrastructure%20man
agement/topik%205/SUSTAINABLE%20INFRASTRUCTURE.mht]
Sustainability
sustainability development 
"Development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising
the ability of the future generations to
meet their own needs."
[ World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987 ]
Sustainability
Sustainable urban development 
A sustainable city is "one in which its people and
businesses continuously endeavour to improve
their natural, built, and cultural environments at
neighbourhood and regional levels, whilst working in
ways which always support the goal of global
sustainable development."
[ Haughton & Hunter, 1994 ]
Sustainability
Sustainable urban development 
Sustainable urban development is... "a
process of change in the built environment
which fosters economic development while
conserving resources and promoting the health
of the individual, the community and the
ecosystem."
[Richardson, 1989 ]
Sustainability
1.
2.
3.
4.
Principles 
minimizing the use of non-renewable resources
minimizing impacts on the natural environment
protecting biodiversity
using renewable resources in a sustainable
manner
Sustainability
This definition encompasses:
• infrastructure renewal
• long-term economic analysis of infrastructure, e.g. lifecycle analysis, ecological footprinting
• modeling of land use and transportation for assessment
of policies on emissions, energy use and reduced
infrastructure costs.
• the protection of existing infrastructure from
environmental degradation, e.g. preservation of historical
masonry buildings
Sustainability
This definition encompasses:
• material selection for sustainability - quality, durability
and energy conservation
• making better use of so-called "waste" water and
materials
• the redesign of infrastructure in light of global climate
change
• the remediation of environmentally damaged soils and
water
Sustainability
Public Involvement
Public involvement is a process by
which interested an affected
individuals, organizations, agencies, and
government entities are consulted and
included in the decision making
process of a planning effort …. ( Yoe and Orth 1960)
Public Involvement
Benefits of public participation :
1. Identify legal requirement, funding limitations or other
constrains and ensure the plan is compatible with them
2. Take advantage of technical expertise that may be
available in the various publics involved
3. Identify and clarify positions of different groups and
individuals affected by the plan
Public Involvement
Benefits of public participation :
4. Identify sensitive issues and ways of preventing or
reducing adverse impacts
5. Overcome conflicts and reach a consensus when there
are different points of view with respect to plan
components, particularly when multiple objectives are
involved
6. Gain support for the project or project implementation
Public Involvement
The successful of Public participation depend on ::
1. Pre planning
2. Agency policy
3. Resources
4. Outreach
5. Effective communication
6. Techniques
7. Responsiveness
8. Monitoring and evaluation
Public Involvement
Typology how people participate in planning
1. Passive participation
2. Participation in information giving
3. Participation by consulting
4. Participation by material incentives
5. Functional Participation
6. Interactive Participation
7. Self mobilization
Environmental & Social Aspect
Environmental action during project cycle ::
1. Identification :
Pre feasibility studies : Environmental screening,
identification of issues scoping phase
2. Preparation :
Feasibilities study : examine alternatives, asses impacts
and possible mitigation measures, preparation of EA (
environmental assessment ) reports, economic
analyses, policy decisions
Environmental & Social Aspect
Environmental action during project cycle ::
3. Detailed Design :
Incorporated improvements and mitigation measures
4. Appraisal :
Review EA procedure and findings, review institutional
arrangements
5. Negotiation :
Clearance by regional env. dev. ; incorporate
environmental covenants into agreement
6. Loan Approval :
Conditions of disbursement
Environmental & Social Aspect
Environmental action during project cycle ::
7. Implementation
8. Supervision :
Monitoring and reporting on compliance with
environmental conditions and effectiveness of mitigation
measures; remediation of foreseen effect; evaluation of
treatment of anticipated /unanticipated env. Impacts;
preparation of project completion report
9. Completion :
Post audit by operations Evaluation Department
•World Bank paper 139-1991 ;
•[ Goodman Infrastructure Planning Handbook p.11.4 ]
Environmental & Social Aspect
1. Different types of Environmental Assessments
–
–
–
–
Policies
Plans
Programs
Projects
2. Perception of Environmental & Social impacts
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–
–
Natural disaster
Increasing population
Population Movement
Economic factor
Technologies application
Missteps of government
[ Goodman Infrastructure Planning Handbook Chapter 11]
Environmental & Social Aspect
1. Different types of Environmental Assessments
–
–
–
–
Policies
Plans
Programs
Projects
2. Perception of Environmental & Social impacts
–
–
–
–
–
–
Natural disaster
Increasing population
Population Movement
Economic factor
Technologies application
Missteps of government
[ Goodman Infrastructure Planning Handbook Chapter 11]
Environmental & Social Aspect
3. Multidimensional Nature of Environmental assessment
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Physical and socio economics
Direct and indirect
Short run and long run
Local and strategic
Adverse and beneficial
Reversible and irreversible
Quantitative and qualitative
Relating to distribution by group
Actual and perceived
Relative and other developement
[ Goodman Infrastructure Planning Handbook Chapter 11]
Environmental & Social Aspect
4. Identifying and assessing the quality and /or Quality of
environmental attributes
5. Interdisciplinary Nature of Environmental Assessment
6. Economic costs of Environmental Impacts
( to protect, conserve, and enhance env.and nature
resources )
– The difficulty of estimating the base line values of environmental
resources and estimating the change in values attributable to
projects
– issues of present VS future values
[ Goodman Infrastructure Planning Handbook Chapter 11]
Environmental & Social Aspect
7. Direct
and indirect Environmental & social
Impacts
8. Stakeholder involved in Planning Process
and decisions
9. Sustainability and Environmental & social
Impacts
[ Goodman Infrastructure Planning Handbook Chapter 11]
Environmental & Social Aspect
[ Goodman Infrastructure Planning Handbook Chapter 11]
Legal & Institutional Aspect
Enforcement of law is through
permits, prohibitions and
penalities
Legal & Institutional Aspect
Conflict management and resolution ::
1. Conflict over data
2.Conflict due to incompatible
interest
3.Conflict due to value differences
4.Conflict over relationship issue
Financial & Economic Aspect
There are 4 main sources through which infrastructure
development can be financed :
1. User charges that are invested
2. International Capital market
3. Public financing through government budgetary
resources
4. Domestic capital market
Case Study
[ WB, Indonesia Averting an infrastructure crisis ]
Case Study
• Infrastructure was significant for
Indonesia’s gain in poverty
reduction and economic
development
[ WB, Indonesia Averting an infrastructure crisis ]
Case Study
• Infrastructure was significant for
Indonesia’s gain in poverty
reduction and economic
development
[ WB, Indonesia Averting an infrastructure crisis ]
Case Study
[ WB, Indonesia Averting an infrastructure crisis ]
Case Study
[ WB, Indonesia Averting an infrastructure crisis ]
Case Study
[ WB, Indonesia Averting an infrastructure crisis ]
Case Study
Case Study – P. Jawa
Case Study – P. Sumatera
Case Study – P. Kalimantan
Case Study – P. Sulawesi
Case Study – P. Irian
Case Study – Kep. Maluku
Case Study – Kep.
NusaTenggara