Modern Graphics Communication
Topics
• Graphic Language &
Design
• CAD Systems
• Sketching Techniques
• Lettering
• Geometric
Constructions
• Multiview Projection
• Sectional Views
• Auxiliary Views &
Developments
• Dimensioning
• Tolerancing
• Working Drawings
What is Graphic
Communication?
• a universal language
– Standards organizations like ANSI (American National
Standards Institute) and ISO (International Standards
Organization) publish standards detailing how drawings
should be created so they can be interpreted universally.
• the primary medium for communicating and
developing design concepts
The Engineering
Design Process
Design is an
Iterative Process
• Begins with a recognition • Models or prototypes are
of need for a product,
made and problems that
service, or system
arise may require new
• During the idea phase
ideas to solve and a return
encourage a wide variety
to an earlier stage in the
of solutions through
process
brainstorming, literature
• Finally drawings are
search, and talking to
released to manufacturing
users
for production
• Best solutions are selected
for further refinement
Engineering Design
Uses Sketching & CAD
• Ideas are initially sketched and then more accurate
CAD drawings are created
• A single accurate CAD database can be used to go
from ideation to manufacturing and
documentation.
• Finite Element Analysis, 3D rendering, animation,
documentation, rapid prototyping software are
available for use with CAD.
Terminology
CAD:
Computer Aided Design
CADD: Computer Aided Design & Drafting
CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing
CIM:
Computer Integrated Manufacturing
CAE:
Computer Assisted Engineering
Reading Drawings: Interpreting drawings made by others
Technical Drawing: Drawings used to express technical ideas
Engineering Design Graphics: Technical Drawings representing
designs & specifications for physical objects
Freehand Sketching
• Freehand sketching is used in engineering
graphics to quickly communicate your ideas or
designs.
• Drawing instruments and CAD are not always
available, especially during field work
• Freehand sketching is not sloppy sketching! Your
sketches need to be interpreted by others on your
design team – use good lettering.
Example Freehand Sketch
for Concept Development
Summary
• Engineering drawing can be a universal language
to communicate your ideas.
• The engineering design process uses sketching and
CAD to communicate and record ideas.
• A single CAD database can be used to produce
many types of drawings and models used
throughout the design process.. ie: NC
manufacturing, inspection, shipping containers