Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: T0604-Pengantar Teknologi Informasi
: 2008
: 2.0/0.0
Pertemuan 5
Software: System Software
Sumber:
Chapter 3. Software: Tools for
Productivity and Creativity, p.117
Williams, B.K, Stacy C. Sawyer (2007).
Using Information Technology: A
Practical Introduction to Computers &
Communications. Seventh Edition,
McGraw-Hill, New York. ISBN-13: 978-007-110768-6
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• menjelaskan: pengertian dan komponen
system software, dan fungsi-fungsi sistem
operasi (C2)
2
Outline Materi
• System Software: The Power behind the
Power
• The Operating System: What It Does
3
System Software: The Power
behind the Power
• Application Software
– Software developed to solve a particular problem for
users
• Either performs useful work on a specific task
• Or provides entertainment
– We interact mainly with this software
• System Software
– Enables application software to interact with the
computer
– Helps the computer to manage its own internal and
external resources
3-4
System Software: The Power
behind the Power
• System Software has 3 basic components
– Operating System (OS)
• The principal component of system software
• Low-level, master system of programs to manage basic
computer operations
• Some hardware requires specific Operating Systems
– Macintosh computers run Macintosh OS
– PCs run Microsoft Windows, Linux, or BSD
– Cray supercomputers run COS or UNICOS
– Device Drivers
• Help the computer control peripheral devices
– Utility Programs
• Used to support, enhance, or expand existing programs in
the computer
3-5
System Software: The Power
behind the Power
• System Software has 3 basic components
– Operating System (OS)
• The principal component of system software
• Low-level, master system of programs to manage basic
computer operations
• Some hardware requires specific Operating Systems
–
–
–
–
Macintosh computers run Macintosh OS
PCs run Microsoft Windows, Linux, or BSD Unix
IBM Mainframes run MVS or VM
Cray supercomputers run COS or UNICOS
– Device Drivers
• Help the computer control peripheral devices
– Utility Programs
• Used to support, enhance, or expand existing programs in
the computer
3-6
The Operating System: What
It Does
• Booting
– The process of loading an OS into the
computer’s main memory
– The steps are:
1. Turn the computer on
2. Diagnostic routines test main memory, CPU, and
other hardware
3. Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) programs are
copied to main memory
– BIOS contains instructions for operating the hardware
– The computer needs those instructions to operate the
hardware and find a copy of the OS
4. Boot program obtains the OS and loads it into
computer’s main memory
3-7
The Operating System:
What It Does
• Central Processing Unit (CPU) Management
– Kernel is the supervising software that manages CPU
• Kernel must remain in memory while the computer
runs
• If another program uses the kernel’s memory when
the kernel needs it, the computer will crash
– Memory Management
• OS keeps track of memory locations to prevent
programs and data from overlapping each other
• Swaps portions of programs and data into the
same memory but at different times
• Keeps track of virtual memory
– Queues, Buffers, Spooling
3-8
The Operating System:
What It Does
• Central Processing Unit (CPU) Management
(continued)
– Queues, Buffers, Spooling
• Queue: First-in, First-out (FIFO) sequence of data or
programs that waits in line for its turn to be
processed
• Buffer: The place where the data or programs sit
while they are waiting
• To Spool: The act of placing a print job into a buffer
– Needed because the CPU is faster than printers
– The CPU can work on other tasks while the print jobs
wait
3-9
The Operating System:
What It Does
• File Management
– A file is either a
• Data File: a named collection
of data
• Program File: a program that
exists in a computer’s
secondary storage
– The File System arranges
files in a hierarchical manner
• Top level is Directories (aka
Folders)
• Subdirectories come below
Folders
– Find files using their
pathname
• C:/MyDocuments/Termpaper/section
1.doc
3-10
The Operating System:
What It Does
• Task Management
– Required for computers that accommodate multiple
users
– Required for computers that allow multiple simultaneous
applications
– Methods of processing two or more programs
• Multitasking
– By one user on one processor
• Multiprogramming
– By multiple users concurrently on one processor
• Time-sharing
– By multiple users in round-robin fashion on one processor
• Multiprocessing
– By one or more users simultaneously on two or more
processors
3-11
The Operating System:
What It Does
• Security Management
– Operating Systems permit users to control
access to their computers
– Users gain access using an ID and password
– You set the password the first time you boot
up a new computer
– System Administrators can set up new
accounts and assign new passwords
3-12
Kesimpulan
13