Meeting : 12
Semantics IG 0352
Derivation
Learning Outcome
– Students are able to apply derivation in English
sentences
Semantics IG 0352
2
Outline
– The process
• Morphological process
• Syntactic process
• Semantic process
– The classification
•
•
•
•
Inchoative
Causative
resultative
productive
Properties of Predicates and Derivation
–Derivation:
• Forming new words
• Based on existing words
• On regular basis
Process of derivation
– Morphological process : the change is in morpheme
– Syntactic process: the change is in structure – parts
of speech
– Semantic process : the change is in meaning
Process of derivation
e.g.
Teacher
Morphological process : teach + er
Syntactic process: teach (verb) – teacher (noun)
– Semantic process : from the action of teaching to the
doer/agent
The classification
• Inchoative form:
– Denotes the beginning, or coming into existence of some state
– E.g. dark – darken  becoming dark
• Causative form :
– Denotes an action which causes something to happen
– Freeze  cause to freeze
Semantics IG 0352
7
The classification
• Resultative form :
• Denotes a state resulting from some action
• E.g. melted  the result of being melted
• Productive :
• If it can be used to produce an existing derived word from every
appropriate word
• E.g. ly  can be used in a lot of stem
Semantics IG 0352
8