Meeting 2
Semantics IG 0352
Literal , non literal meaning
Metaphor
Learning Outcome
• Students are able to identify the
metaphors from the texts
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OUTLINE
• Literal meaning
• Non literal meaning
• Metaphor
– Kinds of metaphors
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Literal & non Literal meaning
• Literal : having the basic or usual meaning of a word or
phrase (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)
• Non Literal : the extension of the literal meaning
• E.g.
• 1. Jane’s eyes nearly popped out of her head.
• Jane’s eyes were not projected from her head (Cruse
2004)
• 2. The sandwich is sitting in the corner
• The sandwich  the person ordering sandwich
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Metaphor
• Metaphor :
• the use of a word or a phrase to mean
something different from the literal meaning
(Oxford Advanced Leaner’s Dictionary)
• The use of language to refer to something other
than what it was originally applied to, or what it
‘literally’ means, in order to suggest some
resemblance or make a connection between the
two things (Knowless and Moon: 2006)
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Metaphor
•
•
•
•
Her words stabbed his heart
Time is money
Juliet is the sun
He attacked my argument
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Analysing Metaphors
In analysing we need to consider three
things
1. Vehicle  the metaphor ( the
word/phrase)
2. Topic  the literary meaning
3. Grounds  the connection between the
two
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Analysing metaphor
• Context : be prepared for amountain of
paperwork
• Vehicle : mountain
• Topic : a large amount
• Grounds : ideas of size, being immovable
and difficult to deal with
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Analysing metaphor
• Context : the white blood cells which help
to fight off invading micro organism
• Vehicle :
• Topic :
• Grounds:
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Conclusion
• Meaning : literal & non literal
• Metaphor : the use of a word to mean
something different from the literal
meaning
• Analysing metaphors:
– Vehicle
– Topic
– Grounds
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