References for used inputs vs. other references
Unit Process
Fluid milk transportation
Description
Diesel
Fluid milk
Thermal energy
Electricity
Fluid milk
Thermal energy
Electricity
Pasteurized milk
Rennet
CaCl2
Thermal energy
Cheese curds
Salt
Salted cheese
PE film
Cardboard
Electricity
Thermal energy
Value
0.011 liters
10.3 kg
0.312 MJ
0.196 MJ
10.3 kg
2.57 MJ
1.09 MJ
10.3 kg
0.003 kg
0.001 kg
0.433MJ
1.47 kg
0.015 kg
1.008 kg
0.01 kg
0.262 kg
0.434 MJ
0.110 MJ
Reference
Calculated
Calculated
Tan et al., 2011
Tan et al., 2011
Calculated
Ozyurt et al., 2004
Ramirez, 2006
Calculated
Berlin, 2002
Berlin, 2002
Eq. (1)
Calculated
Berlin, 2002
Calculated
Berlin, 2002
Berlin, 2002
Xu et al., 2009 and
Wang 2008
Electricity
Sweet whey
Rennet
Cl2
Electricity
Thermal energy
0.132 MJ
8.87 kg
0.003 kg
0.0007 kg
0.4 MJ
0.996 MJ
Whey evaporation (process and
cleaning)
Electricity
Clarified whey
Electricity
Retentate
Electricity
Thermal energy
0.03 MJ
8.77 kg
0.198 MJ
3.26 kg
0.251 MJ
2.599 MJ
Sun, 2005
Calculated
Berlin, 2002
Berlin, 2002
Ozyurt et al., 2004
Eq. (1) and
Ramirez, 2006
TetraPak, 2003
Calculated
Fellows, 2009
Calculated
Ramirez, 2006
UNEP, 2000
Whey spray drying (process and
cleaning)
Condensate
Electricity
Thermal energy
1.026 kg
0.103 MJ
2.77 MJ
Calculated
Ramirez, 2006
Ramirez, 2006
Dry whey
Electricity
HNO3
NaOH
0.615 kg
0.088 MJ
0.008 kg
0.011 kg
Calculated
Ramirez, 2006
Berlin, 2002
Berlin, 2002
Reception, storage and cleaning
of milk tanks
Milk pasteurization (process and
cleaning)
Make vats
Cheese cheddaring
Cheese packaging and storage
Lighting, ventilation, A.C.
Whey pasteurization (process
and cleaning)
Separation of whey cream
Reverse osmosis
Packaging dry whey
Cleaning (energy inputs already
included)
aPlate
Value
Reference
0.31 MJ
0.672 MJ
Riva, 1992
Riva, 1992
2.6a, 5.1b.0.0c MJ
1.0a, 0.1b, 1.9c MJ
Ozyurt et al. 2003
0.5 MJ
Zher 1997
Up to 66% or energy
needs if long storage
times
Xu et al., 2009
0.954e, 1.02f MJ
Ramirez , 2009
Starkie, 1975
1.76 to 2.64 and up to
3.3 MJ
Couper et al. 2005
and Mujumdar, 2007
pasteurizer
Double jacket boiler
c Heat pump
d Values of 1.99 and 0.64 MJ/kg of cheese were calculated for 2, and 7 stage evaporators with TVR and 4.79 and 3.19 MJ/kg
cheese for 2 and 5 stage evaporators without TVR respectively (without cleaning).
e Values of 2.71, 1.52, 0.8, and 0.63 MJ/kg cheese were calculated for 2, 3, 6, and 7 stage evaporators respectively (without
cleaning).
f Values of 2.57, 1.71, 0.86, and 0.73 MJ/kg cheese were calculated for 2,3,6, and 7 stage evaporators respectively.
g Values of 2.69 and 1.86 MJ/kg of cheese were calculated for 1 and 3 stage dryers respectively (without cleaning).
b