Chapter 1
Introduction to Data
and Process Modeling
Communication
www.ou.edu/class/aschwarz
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Lecture slides
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addresses
The 21st Century
Environment
Highly-Competitive Global Economy
Areas of Competition
Cost (Near-Perfect Information)
Customer Service, Rapid Response
Quality, Performance, Reliability
White-Collar Productivity/Cost Goals
IS Mission-Critical Roles
Reduce Cost -
substitute IS for:
Labor
Materials
Increase Output
Productivity Tool
An End Product
IS Component Model
Data
Sources
Environment
Data
Sinks
Input
Processing
Data
Storage
Output
System
Boundary
IS Content Model
Data
Process
Information
System
Infrastructure
Organization
Information System
Creation
Requested by a client
Created by people often working in
teams
Requires specialized skills and
knowledge in design, technologies,
management and the organization
Often complex and difficult
Structure vs Flexibility
Pros of structure: more
consistent results, lower skill
requirements, lower stress
Cons of structure: unnecessary
work, slower, may misdirect focus
- i.e., less flexibility
Adding Structure
Methodologies--multi-step
approaches to development -- SDLC
Techniques--processes to produce
deliverables -- DFDs, ERDs,
Tools--computer programs to
implement techniques -- SQL for
relational databases
Systems Development Life
Cycle (SDLC) Text Version
R
E
V
I
E
W
Systems Planning
and Selection
Systems Analysis
Systems Design
Implementation &
Operation
Zachman Framework
Data
Ballpark
(Business Scope)
Owner
(Business Model)
Designer
(IS Model)
Builder
(Technology Model)
Detailed
(Technology
Specification)
Functional
System
Lists of entities
important to the
business
E-R Diagrams
(Entity Level)
E-R Diagrams
(Attribute Level)
Database
Design
Schema and
Sub-schema
Definition
Physical Tables
Processes
Lists of functions that
the business performs.
(BPM)
Functional
Hierarchy Diagram
Dataflow
Diagrams
Process Specifications
Program Code
Working
Application
Network
or
Technology
Overview of
technology
architecture.
Enterprise
communication
diagram
Distribution
Diagram
Configuration
Design
Configuration
Definition
Installed
Infrastructure
Rapid Development
The RD Model
Start with the SDLC
Reduce Effort & Elapsed Time
Tailor steps to the Project
Do only what is agreed upon to Meet
Client Needs
Problem - less structure
I. Systems Planning and
Selection
Project identified or assigned
Create a Plan
Traditional - SDLC
Modern - Rapid Development
II. System Analysis
Learn about the Current Situation
Analysis and Models
Current Situation Narrative
Graphical Data Models - Enterprise and
Conceptual Data Models
Process Models - DFDs
Alternatives and Evaluation
III. Systems Design
Determine and Specify Requirements narrative, data schema, process model
Create the operational model
Relational tables - SQL DDLs
Process Code - VB, SQL DML, etc.
Test
IV. Implementation
Implementation Strategy - parallel, etc
Schedule
Training
Organization
Audit