Sumber :
http://www.usq.edu.au/library/help/postgrad/resmeth.htm
http://www.tardis.ed.ac.uk/~kate/qmcweb/q2.htm
Hypothetical questions
A hypothetical question is one in which you are asking respondents to indicate what they
think they would do under particular imaginary circumstances. These can't always be
avoided in some attitudinal research, but they are difficult to administer and often give
rise to unreliable answers
Presuming / leading questions
These are often included in poor questionnaires because the researcher feels strongly
about a topic and assumes that everyone will be of the same opinion.
Questions which rely on memory
Problems which tax the respondent's memory too much are likely to lead to non-response
or inaccurate replies. For example "What did you have for lunch each day last week?"
Questions requiring prior knowledge
For example, "What is your National Insurance number?"
Sensitive questions


Personal details / health / age
Income
If you have to ask sensitive questions, the problem can be alleviated somewhat by the use
of SHOW CARDS. Put all of the possible responses on a card, preferably mixed up, and
ask the respondent to indicate which number relates to their own circumstances. For
example,
Can you tell me the number on this card which corresponds to you income group?
SHOW CARD WITH……
1. £7,000 - 12,000
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Over £60,000
£18,000 - £30,000
Under £7,000
£40,000 - £60,000
£12,000 - £18,000
£30,000 - £40,000
Mutually exclusive responses
In the show card above, you will note that somebody earning exactly £30,000 would
perhaps wonder whether to give answer 3 or answer 7 on the show card. In practice,
people are usually able to give their income as an approximation. You should, however,
always watch out for questions where the multiple choice answers are not mutually
exclusive and where a respondent will be uncertain about which category he/she falls
under. It seems to be a particular problem with age brackets, and you can often see
examples of mistakes here in even professionally produced surveys.
Long questions
If your questions are too long and detailed, the respondent may get lost and the responses
will relate only to the beginning or the end of the question. Where definitions and
qualifications are necessary, use show cards.