Critical Design Review
February 28, 2012
Bruce Deakyne
Trevor McDonald
Adam Prulhiere
Luke Tonneman
Kody Mallory





Operate at 900 MHz
Omni-directional and electronic beamsteering modes
Autonomous and manual input beamsteering
Interface with existing architecture
Fit on roof of chase van

Primary
◦ Receive desired angle from Mobile Control Station
(MCS) and steer relative to van orientation

Secondary
◦ Use signal quality feedback from transceiver to
finely adjust angle using control law

Tertiary
◦ Track and maintain communication link with
multiple aircraft
PhasedArraySystem
12 V DC
Ground
PowerSystem
Fixture
RF Power Lvl
(Transceiver)
Ethernet
Signal
(Transceiver)
ControllerBlock
PhasedArrayAntenna
Beam Forming
Network (BFN)






8 Element Uniform Circular Array
Half Wavelength Radius
Radiating Element: Monopole
Gain: 10 dBi
Elevation HPBW: 63°
Azimuth HPBW: 40°





Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)
Max EIRP: 36 dBm
EIRP = TX Power + Antenna Gain – Losses
TX Power ≈ 30 dBm
21 dBm/Antenna
BeamFormingNetwork (BFN)
RXNetwork
RX PS Ctrl [x8]
12 V DC
Transceiver
TR Switch2
[x8]
TR Switch1
Ground
TX PS Ctrl [x8]
TXNetwork
Phased
Array
Antenna
Transmit Network
Transceiver
Controller
Receive Network
Antennas


Output FCC restricted
Surface Mount Components
+20 dBm
+5.9 dBm
+8.3dBm
φ
+19.1 dBm
9 dB
Divider
-10.8 dB
-2.4 dB
+20.9 dBm
K
+ 15 dB
T/R
-0.9 dB


Variable Input
Surface Mount Components
+31 dB
+7.2 dB
φ
T/R
-0.9 dB
Σ
-2.4 dB
K
T/R
-0.9 dB

Friis’ Transmission Formula
𝑃𝑟
λ
= 𝐺𝑡 𝐺𝑟
𝑃t
4𝜋𝑅



2
𝑅 = 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑎𝑠
𝐺𝑡 ≈ 10 𝑑𝐵𝑖
𝐺𝑟 ≈ 5 𝑑𝐵𝑖

Phase Shifter: JSPHS-1000
◦
◦
◦
◦
700-1000 MHz
0-15V Voltage Controlled
0-180° Phase Control
50 Ω

T/R Switch: SKY13277-355LF SP3T
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦

500 MHz – 2.5 GHz
15 ns switch time
High Isolation
32 dBm max RF power
50 Ω
Power Splitter/Combiner: JCPS-8-10
◦ 5 – 1000 MHz
◦ 9 dB, 0° Splitter
◦ 50 Ω

Power Amplifier: HXG-122+
◦
◦
◦
◦

500-1200 MHz
High IP3
Gain: 15 dB typical
50 Ω
Low Noise Amplifier: PMA-545G3+ Ultra
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
700-1000 MHz
High IP3
Gain: 31 dB typical
Noise Figure: 0.9 dB
50 Ω

4 Layers
◦ RF Layer




Top layer
RO3006
εr ≈6.5
10 mil
◦ Control/Power Layer
 Bottom layer
 FR-4
◦ Shielding
 Ground plane layers

Stellaris LM3S6965
◦
◦
◦
◦

32 bit 50MHz with Ethernet Stack
SCI/SPI/I2C Interfaces
3.3v supply
40 GPIO pins
FT232HL USB Interface
◦ DUAL USB to UART and JTAG

CPLD◦ USB JTAG Logic and TR Switch Logic

DAC
◦ AD5582YRVZ-ND
◦ Quad DAC Parallel Interface

Connectors
◦ Ethernet-J3011G21DNL
◦ USB-54819-0519
ControllerBoard
3.3, 5, 15 V
DC
Ground
RF Power
(Transceiver)
Ethernet
RX PS
Control [x8]
Controller
Board
DAC Block
TX PS
Control [x8]
LM3S6965-IQC
4.7uF
.1uF
.01uF
C20
C19
C18
D
N
G
LDO
7
VDD25
2
6
8
8
VDD25
VDD25
GNDPHY
D
N
G
8
3
VDD25
4
1
5
8
GNDPHY
6
8
GNDPHY
2
4
T
A
B
V
.1uF
5
5
C17
8
A
D
D
9
A
D
D
V
A
D
N
4
V
A
D
N
G
7
9
G
3
D
N
G
3.3V
4
9
D
D
V
D
N
G
3
9
7
8
D
D
V
D
N
G
1
8
2
8
D
D
V
D
N
G
8
6
9
6
D
D
V
D
N
G
6
5
3
6
D
D
V
D
N
G
4
4
7
5
D
D
V
D
N
G
4.7uF
.1uF
.1uF
.01uF
.01uF
2
3
4
5
D
D
V
D
N
G
0
2
5
4
C16
C15
C14
C13
C12
D
D
V
D
N
G
8
9
3
D
N
G
3
3
VCCPHY
D
N
G
3.3V
6
3
1
2
VCCPHY
D
N
G
3
8
5
1
VCCPHY
D
N
G
4
8
9
HIBN
1
5
F
p
0
0
1
F
p
0
0
1
F
p
0
0
1
F
p
0
0
1
WAKEN
0
5
C11
C10
9
C
8
C
8MHz
25.00MHz
XOSC1
.01uF
3
5
XOSC1
2
1
2
1
RSTN
XOSC0
2
Y
1
Y
C
7
CMOD1
MCURSTn
7
9
4
6
CMOD1
OSC1
OSC1
4
6
2
5
XOSC0
12.4K
CMOD0
OSC0
J3011G21DNL
9
6
1
RXIN
RXIN
XTALNPHY
8
RXIN
7
3
7
1
RXIP
RXIP
7
RXIP
0
4
TXON
TXON
3
C
D
A
4
TXON
6
4
6
A
TXOP
TXOP
2
C
D
3
TXOP
3
4
5
3
1
C
D
A
K
0
1
2
1
C
D
A
MDIO
0
C
D
A
8
5
1
0
C
D
A
5
R
V
0
1
F
p
0
1
3.3V
5
PF2/LED1
PE2/PHB1
0
3
3
0
6
4
7
DAC3_CS
Y
PF1/IDX1
PE1/PWM5
2
3.3V
2
Y
1
0
F
1
P
7
4
2
7
F
R
PF0/PWM0
PE0/PWM4
DAC1_CS
P
1
6
3
7
DAC2_CS
G
3.3V
0
3
3
C
D
D
D
D
-
+
+
2
N
D
V
3.3V
9
5
5
7
DAC4_CS
1
N
G
6
0.1uF
1
4
R
3
R
PF3/LED0
PE3/PHA1
C
9
1
4
3
C
2
C
49.9
49.9
PG0/U2RX
C
3.3V
8
1
PG0
0
PG1/U2TX
PG1
1
0.1uF
F
7
R
6
R
XTALPPHY
2
C
D
C
A
D
A
p
1
4
XTALNPHY
F
6
C
5
C
49.9
49.9
ERBIAS
XTALPPHY
p
0
1
F
p
0
1
3.3V
CMOD0
5
6
8
4
OSC0
8
R
-
G
PD7/CCP1
PC7/PHB0
1
1
~LDAC
PD7/DB11
0
0
1
2
2
PC7
1
R
PD6/FAULT
PC6/CCP3
JMP2
ETH1
PD6/DB10
9
9
3
2
PC6/M1
PD5/CCP2
PC5/C1+/C0O
R/~W
PD5/DB9
6
9
4
2
PC5/M0
PD4/CCP0
PC4/PHA0
JMP1
PD4/DB8
5
9
5
2
PC4/TRn
PD3/U1TX
PC3/TDO/SWO
PD3/DB7
3
1
7
7
PC3
PD2/U1RX
PC2/TDI
PD2
2
1
8
7
PC2
PD1/PWM1
PC1/TMS/SWDIO
PD1
1
1
9
7
PC1
PD0/IDX0
PC0/TCK/SWCLK
PD0
0
1
0
8
PC0
PB7/TRSTN
PA7/I2C1SDA
PB7/TRST
9
8
5
3
PA7/A1
PB6/C0+
PA6/I2C1SCL
PB6/DB6
0
9
4
3
PA6/A0
K
0
1
PB5/C1-
PA5/SSI0TX
PB5/DB5
1
9
1
3
PA5
R20
PB4/C0-
PA4/SSI0RX
PB4/DB4
2
9
0
3
PA4
PB3/I2C0SDA
PA3/SSI0FSS
PB3/DB3
1
7
9
2
PA3
PB2/I2C0SCL
PA2/SSI0CLK
3.3V
PB2/DB2
0
7
8
2
PA2
PB1/PWM3
PA1/U0TX
PB1/DB1
7
6
7
2
PA1
PB0/PWM2
PA0/U0RX
PB0/DB0
6
6
6
2
PA0
uC1
~LDAC
~LDAC
DAC_VD
DAC1_VD
DAC_VC
R/~W
~CS
~CS4
DAC1_VC
R/~W
DAC_VB
DAC1_VB
DAC_VA
DAC1_VA
DAC2_VD
R/~W
DAC2_VC
DAC_VB
DAC2_VB
D
DAC2_VA
A
DAC_VD
DAC_VC
DAC_VA
R
D
D
B
R
B
~CS
C
D
~CS1
A
dac
~CS2
~CS1
C
~LDAC
R/~W
~CS3
~CS2
A
D
~CS3
~CS4
~CS3
D
D
A
D
dac
~LDAC
~CS4
R/~W
R/~W
~LDAC
~LDAC
~LDAC
~LDAC
DAC_VD
~CS
DB11
DB11
DAC3_VD
~CS2
DAC_VC
R/~W
DB10
DB10
DAC3_VC
R/~W
DAC_VB
DAC3_VB
9
DAC_VA
B
D
8
B
D
B
D
8
B
D
9
B
D
DAC3_VA
R
D
D
A
7
B
D
7
B
D
6
B
D
6
B
D
dac
5
B
D
5
B
D
C
A
D
4
B
D
4
B
D
DACCONTROL
3
B
D
3
B
D
2
B
D
2
B
D
~LDAC
1
B
D
1
B
D
~LDAC
DAC_VD
~CS
0
B
D
0
B
D
DAC4_VD
~CS1
DAC_VC
R/~W
DAC4_VC
R/~W
DataHarness
DAC_VB
DAC4_VB
DAC_VA
B
D
0
A
1
A
DAC4_VA
R
D
D
A
1
A
FullHarness
0
A
dac
C
A
D
AddHarness
D
N
G
5
9
2
3
1
D
N
G
D
(Bank0)
VCCO
N
2
1
G
(Bank1)
GND
GND
(Bank0)
C
C
V
C
(Bank1)
VCCO
C
V
0
3
6
3
7
3
6
3.3V
0
BANK
B^15
B15/GOE1,
A^5
A5,
TCK/SWCLK
1
4
2
B^14
B14,
A^6
A6,
TMS/SWDIO
0
4
3
ADBUS5/SRSTN
B^13
B13,
A^7
A7,
9
3
4
ADBUS7/DBG_JTAG_EN
MCURSTn
B^12
B12,
A^8
A8,
8
3
7
B^11
B11,
A^9
A9,
0
M
1
M
BDBUS1
4
3
8
K
0
1
0.1uF
PB7/TRST
B^10
B10,
A^10
A10,
3
3
9
C33
R22
B^9
B9,
A^11
A11,
BDBUS1
2
3
0
1
BDBUS4/SWO_EN
3.3V
CONT_A1
B^8
B8,
A^12
A12,
1
3
4
1
CONT_A0
B^7
B7,
A^13
A13,
TRn
8
2
5
1
4.7K
CONT_D1
B^6
B6,
A^14
A14,
3.3V
7
2
6
1
R21
1
BANK
CONT_D0
B^5
B5,
A^15
A15,
6
2
7
1
ACBUS0/MODE
B^4
B4,
A^0
A0/GOE0,
INT_TCK
PC3/TDO
4
2
4
4
CONT_C1
B^3
B3,
A^1
A1,
3
2
5
4
ADBUS0/TCK
3.3V
CONT_C0
B^2
B2,
A^2
A2,
2
2
6
4
ADBUS1/TDI_DI
B^1
B1,
A^3
A3,
PC2/TDI
1
2
7
4
ADBUS2/TDO_DO
B^0
B0,
A^4
A4,
0
2
8
4
ADBUS3/TMS/OUTEN
U2A
TDI
CLK0/I
1
3
4
TCK
CLK3/I
1
1
2
4
TMS
CLK2/I
5
2
9
1
TDO
CLK1/I
5
3
8
1
LC4032V-75TN48C
F
p
8
1
F
p
8
1
3
2
1
4
4
5
8
5
9
C29
C28
XTAL
G
G
G
G
A
N
N
N
N
G
XTOUT
2
1
XTIN
D
D
D
D
N
PWREN#
D
3
Y
BDBUS7
BDBUS6
3
3
BDBUS7
2
3
BDBUS6
6
2
1
SI/WUB
4
SI/WUB
3.3V
BDBUS5
BCBUS3
BDBUS5
5
3
7
2
BCBUS3
CAT93C46
BDBUS4
BCBUS2
BDBUS4/SWO_EN
6
3
8
2
BCBUS2
BDBUS3
BCBUS1
S
C
BDBUS3
7
3
9
2
BCBUS1
BDBUS2
BCBUS0
K
S
C
N
C
C
V
1
8
BDBUS2
8
3
0
3
BCBUS0
2
7
V
5
+
UART_TX
BDBUS1
I
D
G
R
O
BDBUS1
9
3
3
6
UART_RX
BDBUS0
BDBUS0
0
SI/WUA
K
S
E
E
EEDATA
2
T
4
7
4
EEDATA
R17
S
1.5K
4
1
P
E
E
E
T
O
D
D
N
G
5
SI/WUA
0
1
1
K
S
E
E
1.5K
ACBUS3
EECS
ACBUS3
1
1
8
4
EECS
R16
ACBUS2
XTOUT
ACBUS2
2
1
4
4
XTOUT
ACBUS1
ACBUS1
3
1
ACBUS0
XTIN
ACBUS0/MODE
5
1
3
4
XTIN
V
5
+
0.01uF
ADBUS7
RESET#
V
5
+
ADBUS7/DBG_JTAG_EN
6
1
4
RESET#
1.5K
ADBUS6
RSTOUT#
ADBUS6
7
1
5
RSTOUT#
R13
C27
ADBUS5
ADBUS5/SRSTN
9
1
7
2
4.7K
ADBUS4
USBDP
ADBUS4
0
2
7
USBDP
R11
Semi
Res
ADBUS3
VCCIOA
VCCIOB
ADBUS3/TMS/OUTEN
1
2
7
2
R23
ADBUS2
USBDM
AVCC
ADBUS2/TDO_DO
2
2
8
0.1uF
USBDM
R10
VCC
VCC
ADBUS1
60ohm@100MHz
ADBUS1/TDI_DI
3
2
ADBUS0
3V3OUT
Bead
Ferrite
3.3V
ADBUS0/TCK
4
2
6
C26
L
2
3
2
2
T
F
FB1
3
1
4
3
4
1
U
1
4
2
6
5
4
3
2
1
USB5V
0.1uF
0.1uF
0.1uF
0.1uF
1
0
0
0
0
9
1
8
4
0
C25
C24
C23
C22
0.1uF
USB1
MH4
MH3
MH2
MH1
C21
0
3
3
9
R
3.3V
V
5
+
USB /CPLD
Ethernet
Phase/TR_Ctrl
DAC Block
Power In
Main TR SW
Omni Ant. Sw
Direction Ant SW
TR
M0
M1
C0
C1
A0
A1
D0
D1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
PowerSystem
120 V (MCS)
12 V (MCS)
Ground (MCS)
Wall
Mounted
Power
Supply
15 V DC
3.3 V DC
5 V DC
Linear
Regulator
Protection
Circuits
Ground




Powered by MCS
Wall mounted supply
Linear regulators provides DC voltages
Protection for circuits will be incorporated


12 V DC Battery
Wall mounted power supply
◦ Converts 120 V AC to 15 V DC

Linear Regulators
◦ Converts 12 V DC to 3.3 V and 5 V

Snubber circuits and TVS diodes offer
protection and reliability

5 V linear regulator sources at maximum 3 A
◦ Traces are thicker and wider to handle current

Regulators operate over range of input
voltages
◦ Battery voltage will decrease over time

Regulators supply necessary current

Snubber Circuits
◦
◦
◦
◦

Regulate ground potential
Zener provides clamping
Ground bounce
PDN droop
TVS Diodes
◦ Can dissipate up to 3 kW
◦ Begins to conduct in less than 1 ps
◦ ESD
120 V
AC
12 V DC
Bus
Wall Mounted Power
Supply (15 V)
Linear
Regulators
(3.3 V and 5 V)
Snubber
Circuits and
TVS Diodes
DACs
RF components
and µC
Component
Current (A)
Voltage (V)
Nominal
Power (W)
Max Power
(W)
Stellaris
LM3S6965
.072
3.3
.238
.33
PMA-545G3+ .158
5
.79
.93
HXG-122+
.146
5
.73
.9
AD5582
.0017
15
.0255
.045
CAT93C46
.002
3.3
.006
.0132
FT232H
.052
3.3
.1716
.2
Total:
12.601
15.229








LT1962-3.3 V Linear Regulator
LT1084-Fixed 5 V Linear Regulator
CENB1010A1503B01 15 V AC/DC Supply
Littlelfuse SMDJ6.0A, SMDJ16A TVS Diodes
BZX84C Zener Diode Series
BAS16FSTR-ND Signal Diodes
Tantalum and ceramic capacitors for
Regulators
Heatsinks for ICs


λ = 1/3 m
Electronics Container:
◦ Height: 0.1 m
◦ Width: 0.5 m
◦ Length: 0.6 m

Antenna Mount
Copper
Antenna
Ground Plane
Ground Plane
◦ Radius: 0.6 * λ
◦ Antenna Mount: 0.5 * λ
◦ Antenna Mount height: λ
Shielding
PCB
PCB


Heat Dissipation
Faraday Cage
◦ Cloud to Cloud Lightning: up to 70 v

Parts
◦ Acrylic electronics container
 OPTIX 0.22” thick
◦ Copper ground planes
 .04” thick, 18 gauge C11000 copper plate

RF Board trace accuracy
◦ Increased transmitter power

RF Board power dissipation
◦ Heat sinks

FirstRF’s testing facility
◦ Alternate (costly) facilities

Controller Software
◦ Simulate MCS input & measure DAC output
◦ Range of inputs from MCS

Power System
◦ Load testing for steady current

RF Power Level
◦ Power meter (Microwave lab)

Phase Control
◦ 20GHz Oscilloscope (Microwave lab)

Radiation Pattern
◦ Anechoic Chamber (FirstRF)
◦ Test Flights
RF and Antenna
Quantity
Price
Total Cost
Variable Phase
Shifter
36
$26.95
$970.20
8 Way Power
Splitter/Combiner
2
$39.95
$79.90
Fixed Gain
Amplifier
9
$3.45
$31.05
T/R Switch
9
$2.34
$21.06
Monopole
Antenna
8
$9.95
$79.60
RF Cables
10
$8.45
$84.50
RF PCB
2
$300.00
$600.00
RF Total
$1866.31
Embedded &
Analog
Quantity
Price
Total Cost
Microprocessor
3
$15.29
$45.87
DAC
8
$19.58
$156.64
USB Connector
3
$1.54
$4.62
USB-Serial
4
$4.25
$17
Ethernet
Connector
3
$8.37
$25.11
CPLD
4
$1.79
$7.16
EEPROM
4
$0.54
$2.16
Assorted
connectors, Caps,
Resistors
NA
$20.00
E&A Total
$278.56
Power
Quantity
Price
Total Cost
PCBs
3
$30.00
$90.00
Filter Capacitors
20
$1.55
$1.55
Linear Regulators
3
$1.77
$5.31
Diodes
8
$1.06
$8.48
Power Supply
1
$14.38
$14.38
Connectors
4
$10
$40
Power Total
$159.72
Hardware
Quantity
Price
Total Cost
Plexiglas
1
$110.00
$110.00
Mounting
1
$25.00
$25.00
Copper Sheet
3
$130.00
$390.00
PVC
1
$10.00
$10.00
Poster
1
$50.00
$50.00
Misc. Parts
1
$150
$150
Misc. Total
$825.00
Total Projected Cost
$3,421.03
Organization
Amount
Undergraduate Research
Opportunity
$1,000.00
Engineering Excellence
Fund
$1,482.00
Research and Engineering
Center for Unmanned
Vehicles
Up to $5,000.00
Total
Up to $7,482.00
Task
Kody
Control Algorithm
P
S
Comm SW
P
S
Adam
Power Board
Luke
Trevor
P
S
Array Design
P
S
Beam Forming
Network
S
P
Controller Board
P
RF Boards
S
Mount/Structure
Sensor Interface
S
S
P
S
S
S
S
S
S
P = Primary
Bruce
P
P
S = Secondary

RF & Antenna
◦ Component test data
◦ Board ordered

Power
◦ Board ordered

Controller
◦ First board built
◦ Software complete

Fixture
◦ First mockup

RF & Antenna
◦ First board built
◦ Second board ordered

Power
◦ First board built
◦ Second board ordered

Controller
◦ 2nd board built
◦ Testing complete

Fixture
◦ Final fabrication

Preliminary system integration & testing






RECUV, Professor B. Argrow, Jack Elston and
Maciej Stachura
Joe Carey, Fidelity Comtech
Brandon Gilles, First RF
Professors E. Kuester, D. Filipovic
Tom Brown, Sam Siewert
Carissa Pocock, Robert Pomeroy, Jeries
Shihadeh