Brought to you by:
Smooth Operation
Chris Kitt, Brenda Marcum, Jacob Oliver,
Michael Roth, and Andrew Yuan
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Minimally invasive
abdominal surgery
Multiple ports for
tools – separate one
for laparoscope
Current Laparoscopic Process
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Eliminate one port by incorporating the camera
onto the tool port
More convenient for surgical team - fewer
hands required and viewable screen
Less traumatic for patient
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Combine current laparoscope with current
surgical instrument to eliminate one port
Minimize camera module size, while
maintaining speed and resolution
High resolution image displayed on LCD
panel
Minimal wires – hopefully completely
wireless and battery powered
Incorporate data storage device for later
viewing
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10 mm max diameter for camera module
640x480 resolution
30 fps
LCD screen
LED lighting with imager
All wired connections
AC power
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Battery powered – supplement with AC (2-2.5
hr run time)
6 mm max diameter of camera module
Higher resolution
Wireless
Stream video data to external monitor
Screen shot capability
SD onboard storage
Enable touch screen features
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Multi-camera interface – split screen
Motorized camera module
Time display
Audio features
Wireless transmission to external monitor
Foot pedal
4 mm maximum diameter of camera module
Wireless storage to external device
Camera
(0V7690)
Microcontroller
w/ISI and LCD
controller
LED(s)
VGA LCD
Display
SD Card
Rechargeable
Battery
Battery Charger
Controller
Top View
ATMEL
AT32AP7000
32bit AVR
Microcontroller w/ISI
and LCD controller
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Camera
(0V7690)
Connected via SCCB (I2C) and 8 parallel data lines
Camera takes 640x480 @ 30fps and sends it to the
Image sensor interface on the microcontroller.
Microcontroller controls imager via SCCB
connection.
Microcontroller w/ISI
and LCD controller
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LED(s)
Connected via GPIO, possibly buffered
with MOSFET or BJT to supply additional
power
Each LED is connected through a buffer to
a general I/O pin on the Microcontroller.
◦ Allows touch screen to control LED through
microcontroller, ideal for saving power and
adjustable brightness.
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LED will be selected for maximum
efficiency and brightness. Don’t want to
burn patient and want lots of illumination.
Microcontroller w/ISI
and LCD controller
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VGA LCD
Display
Connected via Microcontroller LCD interface.
Microcontroller takes data from imager and displays it
on the LCD in VGA format.
Microcontroller takes button presses from LCD and
performs desired operations, ie toggling LEDs,
screenshots, etc
Utilizes RGB parallel input with 18 bits of color
VGA standards (480x640 @ 30 fps)
Microcontroller w/ISI
and LCD controller
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SD Card
SD Card viable option for video storage and
retrieval
Uses standard SPI interface to communicate
Uses FAT32 storage system
SD interface built into processor
Easy to find documentation on SD interface
PCB
Others
Brenda
User Controls
Image Sensor
Others
Others
Andrew
Michael
Brenda
Miscellaneous Tasks/
LCD
Others
External Storage
Michael Andrew
Others
Chris
General Testing
Brenda
Jake
Jake
Chris
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Microprocessor Options
◦ BGA vs. Quad Flatpack
◦ Smaller/less features vs. timing issues
◦ Other alternatives available
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Long BGA layout turn-around time
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Unfamiliar Technology
◦ PCB layout
◦ Eval. Board coding vs. prelim. Demo board coding
Camera
(0V7690)
LED(s)
Microcontroller w/ISI
(OV530-B49)
LCD
controller
(Epson
S1D13513)
SD Card
Top View
VGA LCD
Display
Camera
(0V7690)
Image Sensor
Controller
(Atmel 32-bit
Image Sensor
interface)
Microcontroller
W/LCD controller
(NXP LPC2158 ARM7)
SD Card
LED(s)
Top View
VGA LCD
Display
Camera
(0V7690)
Image Sensor
Controller
(Atmel 32-bit
Image Sensor
interface)
LCD
controller
(Epson
S1D13513)
Microcontroller
SD Card
LED(s)
Top View
VGA LCD
Display
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Schedule Uncertainty
◦ Enough time to learn how to store data, battery
operable, etc.
◦ Prototype completed by the beginning of March?
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Component Risks
◦ Expensive Eval. Board
◦ Sensor frame rate and resolution vs. size
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Questionable Feasibility
◦ Low level objectives seem obtainable
◦ Can we make our mid/high level objectives?
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Over 2 million laparoscopic surgeries
performed each year
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New laparoscopic surgeries are being
introduced as technology improves
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6 million Trocar used each year
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Patient’s Point of View
◦ Cheaper
 $1,000 less than open surgery
◦ Quicker Recovery
 Hospital stay is 1/4th the time of open surgery
◦ Post operative pain is less
◦ Reduced infection rate
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Surgeon’s Point of View
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Longer operative times
Expensive equipment
Requires extra surgical training
More complicated surgery
 1 in 2000 patients suffer vascular injuries
 17% of vascular injuries are fatal
 Average surgical malpractice lawsuit = $222,285
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Make laparoscopic surgery more appealing to
surgeon
◦ Efficient
 Faster Operative Times
◦ Easier
 Fewer mistakes
 Less Surgical training
◦ Safer
 Less Crowded Operating Room
Market Timeline
700000
Sales per Year
600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
2009
2014
2019
Year
2024
2029
Currently
Item
Quantity
Cost
Uses
Total per
Surgery
Total
Trocar
4
$70
1
$280
$280
Endoscope
Video
System
1
$8,000
50
$8,000
$160
1
$3,750
50
$3,750
$75
$12,030
$515
Total
Trocascope XC2000
Item
Quantity
Cost
Uses
Total per
Surgery
Total
Trocar Port
3
$100
1
$300
$300
Display
3
$1,000
50
$3,000
$60
$3,300
$360
Total
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Biomedical Waste
◦ 6 Million Trocar used and disposed each year
◦ Removing 1 Trocar per surgery reduces number by
1-2 million
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Potential for Reusability is important
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Part Availability
◦ All parts can be obtained from variety of different
vendors
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Maintenance
◦ Trocar are eventually disposed
◦ Data storage device
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Support
◦ Training
◦ Setting up data storage
Part
CMOS Sensor
CMOS Sensor Dev Board
LED
LCD display with touchscreen
Microcontrollers and associated
electronics
Microcontroller Dev Board
Rechargeable battery
Mechanical Components
Support Components
Trocar Mechanical Assembly Labor
PCB's
SD Card
Cost
FREE
FREE
$15
$95
$100
$500
$15
$20
$20
$10
$200-$300
$25
Total: $1,000 - $1,100
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Component tolerances may have effect on
image quality
Testing
◦ Development Board
◦ Processor on a simple PCB
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Regulations
◦ FDA
◦ FCC
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Laparoscopic Surgery
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Dangerous Instruments
Complex Procedure
Crowded workspace
Exposure to patient blood
Our Goal
◦ Reduce Complexity
◦ Less Crowded
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Safer, more efficient surgeries
Reduce number of assistants required for
surgery
Potential for cheaper surgery
3rd world surgery potential