Resistor-Capacitor (RC) Circuits J1 2 1 Key = Space V1 12 V R1 1k 4 C1 1uF 0 • Build this circuit in Multisim. • Look at the voltage across the capacitor on the oscilloscope. • Describe what you see when the switch moves between positions (let the switch stay in each position until the capacitor voltage stops changing). EGR 101 1 Discharging a Capacitor Through a Resistor • In the following circuit, when the switch moves from the battery + to ground, the voltage across the capacitor is vc(t) = Vse-t/RC J1 2 1 Key = Space Vs R1 1k V1 12 V 4 C1 1uF - vc 0 EGR 101 2 Questions • What are the units of RC in vc(t) = Vse-t/RC ? dv c -t/RC i t C • Since vc(t) = Vse and , what dt is i(t) in terms of Vs, R and C? • What do vc(t) and i(t) look like on a graph? EGR 101 3 Step Response: RC Time Constants • Now, what happens when the switch moves the other way? J1 2 1 Key = Space R1 1k 4 V V1 12 Vs C1 1uF 0 The response of the capacitor voltage will be to charge up to the supply voltage. EGR 101 4 Vc Response to Constant Voltage Vs • The voltage across the capacitor will rise and asymptotically approach Vs How can we describe this mathematically? EGR 101 5 Analysis of RC Circuits J1 2 1 Key = Space Vs R1 1k 4 V1 12 V vc C1 1uF 0 Kirchhoff’s voltage loop law VS vC vR Ohm’s law across resistor vR iR Vs vc iR Substituting for VR gives EGR 101 6 Analysis of RC Circuits J1 2 1 Key = Space Vs R1 1k 4 V1 12 V vc C1 1uF 0 From previous page VS vC iR dvC Substitute C in for i dt dvC VS vC RC dt EGR 101 7 Analysis of RC Circuits dvC • The equation VS vC RC is called a differential dt equation. t • The solution is of the form: vC VS 1 e where RC is defined as the time constant = the circuit time constant, in seconds if and only if C = the total (connected) capacitance Farads R = the total (connected) resistance Ohms EGR 101 8 Team Activity t • Substitute vC VS 1 e dvC into the equation VS vC dt to show that LHS = RHS EGR 101 9 Team Activity VS 100V vC 1 e VS t Show that when t is 5 times the time constant, , the capacitor voltage is 99.33% of the peak voltage. EGR 101 10 Team Activity – Discharge Process J1 2 R1 1 Key = Space 1k V1 12 V 4 C1 1uF 0 Kirchhoff’s voltage loop law ? Ohm’s law across resistor? Substituting for VR gives? EGR 101 11 Team Activity • From previous activity the equation dvC vC dt • Substitute vC VS e t into the above equation and show that LHS = RHS EGR 101 12 Rectangular Wave • If you repeatedly switch between the battery and the short you are effectively applying a rectangular time pulse to the RC circuit. EGR 101 13 Rectangular Wave Response • The voltage across the capacitor will behave as below in response to such a wave: EGR 101 14