Modul 3 Aborigines Past – Present - Future I. The Dreaming Aboriginal creative epoch = fundamental reality Ungud Ngarinyin Tribe Al djerinya Aranda Tribe Tjukurpa Pitjantjatjara Tribe Wonger Yolngu Bugaria Broome II. Functions of The Dreaming 1 Creative epoch Preexistent substance dormant under the surface Formless combined with in instances Human Fauna Flora Timeless cyclic every when Origin Super beings, tracks and activities rocks, mountains, trees, coves, waterholes etc 1 A pattern of life Super beings moved the surface Super beings performed daily activities models for ways of life of the Aborigins Land the arena in which the activities of super beings were and are enacted all the land is a sacred site Most social behavior public 1 Law Customary law religious sanctions Rules for living For the land and its inhabitants No formal court Problems were handled informally by a council of elders The law covered Homocide Sacrilege Sorcery Incest Abduction of women Adultery Physical assault Theft Insult Care of sacred objects Labour division / gender Ritual Kinship rules III. The Application of Terra Nillius British / White Australia land occupied by people without settled laws Protection only for the Whites · Owning the land Aborigines The dreaming / their law No law protection ~ Resistance ~ Massacres ~ Genocide No sovereignty and rights to the land British / White Obtaining their fundamental human rights Aborigines Denial fundamental human rights : ~ Children were removed from the parents ~ Limited the right to marry ~ Restricted freedom of movement ~ Living on the reservations ~ Controlled marriage, property and employment IV. The Differences Aspects Aborigines White Time Cycle No present and past Linear Distinguished present and past Land rights Communal ownership Sacred site Individual ownership Economic sources Aspects Beliefs Aborigines No recognition on dichotomies White General acceptance of dichotomies natural = cultural natural >< cultural material material = ><spiritual spiritual past >< present past = present secular = sacred secular >< sacred subject = object subject >< object sin >< innocent sin = innocent V. The Impacts of Terra Nillius Aborigines suffer from 1 Two centuries of invasion 1 Dispossession 1 Racism 1 Sufferings of racism Creating The Images Such source include : 1 The writings of early arrivals 1 Diaries 1 Official documents 1 Education and school textbooks and 1 Paintings The representation of Aboriginal people in early texts on Australian history has been categorized in the following ways : 1 The colonial presumption 1 Inadequate treatment 1 Stereotypes and derogatory concepts 1 The exotic stress 1 Objects for study and discussion 1 Distortion and euphemism Stereotypes and misinformation relating to Aboriginal Australians such issues as : 1 Aboriginal people and alcohol 1 Whether Aboriginal people are really lazy 1 The availability of funds in Aboriginal affairs 1 The “special treatment” and “special privileges” of Aboriginal people 1 Sacred sites, land rights and development Reconciliation 1 Improving health, housing, education & employment 1 Giving economic development 1 Helping the Aborigines achieve economic independence 1 Establishing programs in Reconciliation Australia Famous Aborigines Achievement Cathy Freeman Spinter 2 golds medals Maurice Rioli North Territory Legilative Council Mark Ella Captain in International Sporting Competition