Matakuliah
Tahun
: F0712 / Lab MS Access
: 2007
Introduction to Database Management
System
Pertemuan 01
1
Sejarah Singkat Database
Era
Years
Important Products
Predatabase
Before 1970
File Managers
Early Database
1970 - 1980
Emergence of
relational model
1978 - 1985
ADABAS,
System2000, Total,
IDMS, IMS
DB2, Oracle
Microcomputer DBMS 1982 - 1992
products
Object-oriented DBMS 1985 - 2000
Web Database
1995 - present
XML and Web Service 1998 - present
Remarks
All data were stored in separate files. Data
integration was very difficult. File Storage space
was expensive and limited.
First products to provide related tables,
CODASYL DBTG, and hierarchical data models
(DL/I) were prevalent.
Early relational DBMS products had substantial
inertia to overcome. In time, the advantages
weighed out.
dBase-II, R:base,
Amazing !, Adatabse on a micro. All micro
Paradox, Access
DBMS products were eliminated by Microsoft
Access in the early 1990s.
Oracle ODBMS and
Never caught on. Required relational database
others
to be converted. Too much work for perceived
benefit.
IIA/ASP, Apache/PHP, Stateless characteristic of HTTP was a problem
and JAVA
at first. Early applications were simple onestage transactions. Later, more complex logic
developed.
XML, SOAP, WSDL,
XML provides tremendeous benefits to web
UDDI and other
based applications. Very important today. May
standards
replace relational databases.
2
Karakteristik Database
(1)
• A Note on Conventions  Conventions will help
to distinguish table names in explanations.
Examples : STUDENT, Term, StudentNumber
etc.
• A Database has Data and Relationship 
3
Karakteristik Database
(2)
• Databases Create Information 
Databases record facts and figures; they
record data, that enables them to produce
information.
4
Contoh – contoh Database
•
•
•
•
(1)
Single-User Database Applications.
Multiuser Database Applications.
E-Commerce Database Applications.
Reporting and Data Mining Database
Applications.
5
Contoh-contoh Database
Application
Example Users
Number of Users
Sales Contact Manager Salesperson
Patient appointment
(doctor, dentist)
Medical Office
Customer Resource
Management (CRM)
Sales, Marketing, or
Customer service
departments
An entire organization
Enterprise Resource
Processing (ERP)
E-commerce site
Internet users
Digital dashboard
Senior managers
Data mining
Business analyst
Typical Size
1 2.000 rows
15 to 50
100.000 rows
500 10 million rows
5000 10 million+ rows
Possibly million
1 billion+ rows
500 100.000 rows
25 100.000 to millions+
(2)
Remarks
Products such as GoldMine and Act! Are
database centric
Vertical market software vendors incorporated
databases into their software products.
Major vendors such as Siebel and PeopleSoft
build applications around the database.
SAP uses a database as a central repository for
ERP data.
Drugstore.com has a database that grows at the
rate of 20 million rows per day.
Extraction, summaries, and consolidations of
operational databases.
Data are extracted, reformatted, cleaned, and
filtered for use by statistical data mining tools.
6
Komponen Sistem Database
(1)
• Databases have three components :
• Applications  are computer programs that
users interact with directly. Applications accept
data from users, process it according to
apllication-specific requirements.
• SQL or Structured Query Language  is an
internationally recognized standard language
that is understood by all commercial database
management system products.
7
Komponen Sistem Database
(2)
• DBMS or Database Management System 
creates, process, and administers the database.
A DBMS is large and complicated product and
few organizations write their own DBMS
program. Instead, DBMS products are licensed
from vendors such as Microsoft, Oracle and
IBM.
• Figure 1-4, hal 8
• Figure 1-6, hal 9
8