dan
Chapter 2
MANAJEMEN STRATEGI

Resiko Manajemen Strategi
1.
2.
3.
Waktu yang digunakan untuk proses manajemen strategi dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif atas tanggung jawab operasional mereka.
Jika para perumus tidak dilibatkan secara dekat dalam implementasinya, mereka akan mengelak tanggung jawab individual atas keputusan yang diambil.
Para manajer strategi harus mampu mengantisipasi dan menanggapi kekecewaan para bawahan yang berpartisipasi atas harapan-harapan yang tidak jadi kenyataan.

KOMPONEN MODEL MANAJEMEN STRATEGI
3.
4.
1.
2.
5.
Misi perusahaan
Profil perusahaan
Lingkungan Eksternal
Analisis dan pilihan strategik
Sasaran jangka panjang

KOMPONEN MODEL MANAJEMEN STRATEGI
(cont’ed)
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Strategi umum
Sasaran tahunan
Strategi fungsional
Kebijakaan (policies)
Melembaga strategi
Pengendalaian dan evaluasi

Strategies
Defined:
A strategy of a corporation forms a comprehensive master plan stating how the corporation will achieve its mission and objectives. It maximizes competitive advantage and minimizes competitive disadvantage.

Strategies
3 Types of Strategy

Corporate strategy

Business strategy

Functional strategy

Corporate Strategy
Business
Corporate Strategy
Strategy
Functional
Strategy

Strategies (cont’)
Corporate Strategy

Stability

Growth

Retrenchment

Strategies (cont’)
Business Strategy

Competitive strategies

Cooperative strategies

Strategies (cont’)
Functional Strategy


Technological leadership
Technological followership

Manfaat Manajemen Strategi
1. Memperkuat perusahaan dalam mencegah timbulnya masalah.
2. Keputusan strategi yang di dasarkan atas keputusan kelompok mungkin akan menghasilkan alternatif yang terbaik yang ada.
3. Keterlibatan karyawan dalam perumusan strategi akan meningkatkan pemahaman mereka atas hubungan produktivitas dengan imbalan yang akan mempertinggi motivasi mereka.

4. Kesenjangan dan tumpang tindih kegiatan diantara para individu dapat dikurangi karena partisipasi dalam perumusan strategi akan memperjelas perbedaan peran masing-masing.
5. Penolakan terhadap perubahan dalam perusahaan berkurang.

Strategic Management is Gaining and
Maintaining Competitive Advantage
“Anything that a firm does especially well compared to rival firms”

Achieving Sustained Competitive Advantage
1 . Adapting to change in external trends, internal capabilities and resources
2. Effectively formulating, implementing & evaluating strategies

Adapting to Change
Rate & magnitude of change increasing dramatically
E-commerce
Demographics
Technology

Benefits of Strategic Management
• Proactive in shaping firm’s future
• Initiate and influence firm’s activities
• Formulate better strategies
• Systematic, logical, rational

Benefits of Strategic Management
• Improvement in sales
• Improvement in profitability
• Productivity improvement

Benefits of Strategic Management
• Improved understanding of competitors strategies
• Enhanced awareness of threats
• Reduced resistance to change
• Enhanced problem-prevention capabilities

Benefits of Strategic Management (Greenley)
1.
Identification of Opportunities
2.
Objective view of management problems
3.
Improved coordination & control
4.
Minimizes adverse conditions & changes
5.
Decisions that better support objectives

Benefits of Strategic Management (Greenley – cont’d)
6.
Effective allocation of time & resources
7.
Internal communication among personnel
8.
Integration of individual behaviors
9.
Clarify individual responsibilities
10.
Encourage forward thinking

Benefits of Strategic Management (Greenley – cont’d)
11.
Encourages favorable attitude toward change
12.
Provides discipline and formality to the management of the business