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Attribution.pmd 1 3/5/2004, 6:23 PM Contents CHAPTER 1: GIS CONCEPTS AND REQUIREMENTS ................................... 1 7KHWKUHHYLHZVRID*,6 7KHJHRGDWDEDVHYLHZ 7KHJHRYLVXDOL]DWLRQYLHZ 7KHJHRSURFHVVLQJYLHZ *,6LQIRUPDWLRQPDQDJHPHQW *,6LVLQKHUHQWO\DGLVWULEXWHGLQIRUPDWLRQV\VWHP :KDWFRPSULVHVDFRPSUHKHQVLYH*,6SODWIRUP" CHAPTER 2: WHAT IS A RC GIS? ............................................................................... 1 9 *,6LVHYROYLQJ CHAPTER 3: GIS DATA CONCEPTS IN THE GEODATABASE ................. 2 5 $UF*,6VXSSRUWV*,6GDWDLQILOHVDQG'%06V :KDWLVWKHJHRGDWDEDVH" )HDWXUHJHRPHWU\ 5DVWHUJHRPHWU\ .H\GDWDEDVHFRQFHSWV *HRGDWDEDVH DUFKLWHFWXUH *HRGDWDEDVHVWRUDJHLQUHODWLRQDOGDWDEDVHV 9HUVLRQHGJHRGDWDEDVHVDQGGLVWULEXWHGZRUNIORZV *HRGDWDEDVH;0/ CHAPTER 4: DESKTOP GIS: A RCV IEW, A RCE DITOR, AND A RCI NFO ............... 3 7 :KDWLV$UF*,6'HVNWRS" CHAPTER 5: SERVER GIS: A RC SDE, A RCIMS, AND A RC GIS SERVER ............... 6 5 6HUYHU*,6 7\SHVRI VHUYHU*,6 :KDWLV$UF6'(" :KDWLV$UF,06" :KDWLV$UF*,66HUYHU" TOC.pmd 3 3/5/2004, 6:23 PM CHAPTER 6: EMBEDDED GIS: A RCGIS E NGINE .................................................. 8 7 (PEHGGHG*,6 :KDWLV$UF*,6(QJLQH" CHAPTER 7: MOBILE GIS: A RCP AD AND DEVICES ........................................ 9 7 0RELOHFRPSXWLQJ $UF3DG0DSSLQJDQG*,6IRUPRELOHV\VWHPV $UF*,6'HVNWRSDQG$UF*,6(QJLQHRQ7DEOHW3& CHAPTER 8: FUTURE GIS TRENDS .................................................................... 103 )XWXUH*,6WUHQGV ,QWHOOLJHQW*,6 *,6LVGLVWULEXWHG 'LVWULEXWHG*,6LVLQFUHDVLQJLQVFRSH 9LVLRQIRUGLVWULEXWHG*,6WHFKQRORJ\ GLOSSARY ..................................................................................................................... 113 iv • What is ArcGIS? 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Gooley SO UK HW HW SO HW UK HW 1995/10/20 1993/10/06 1980/09/24 1974/09/20 1966/06/06 1942/10/24 1996/01/27 2000/05/31 $115,500.00 $24,375.00 $175,500.00 $135,750.00 $30,350.00 $120,750.00 $110,650.00 $145,750.00 02 01 02 02 02 02 01 02 $WWULEXWH DQG JHRJUDSKLF REMHFW UHODWLRQVKLS GIS concepts and requirements • 5 Ch01_Requirements.pmd 5 3/5/2004, 6:24 PM Spatial relationships: topology and networks 6SDWLDOUHODWLRQVKLSVVXFKDVWRSRORJLHVDQGQHWZRUNVDUH DOVRFUXFLDOSDUWVRI D*,6GDWDEDVH7RSRORJ\LVHPSOR\HG WRPDQDJHFRPPRQERXQGDULHVEHWZHHQIHDWXUHVGHILQH DQGHQIRUFHGDWDLQWHJULW\UXOHVDQGVXSSRUWWRSRORJLFDO TXHULHVDQGQDYLJDWLRQIRUH[DPSOHWRGHWHUPLQHIHDWXUH DGMDFHQF\DQGFRQQHFWLYLW\7RSRORJ\LVDOVRXVHGWR VXSSRUWVRSKLVWLFDWHGHGLWLQJDQGWRFRQVWUXFWIHDWXUHV IURPXQVWUXFWXUHGJHRPHWU\IRUH[DPSOHWRFRQVWUXFW SRO\JRQVIURPOLQHV E dg 1HWZRUNVGHVFULEHDFRQQHFWHGJUDSKRI*,6REMHFWVWKDW FDQEHWUDYHUVHG7KLVLVLPSRUWDQWIRUPRGHOLQJSDWKZD\V DQGQDYLJDWLRQIRUWUDQVSRUWDWLRQSLSHOLQHVXWLOLWLHV K\GURORJ\DQGPDQ\RWKHUQHWZRUNEDVHGDSSOLFDWLRQV e Face Node ,Q WKLV H[DPSOH RI D QHWZRUN VWUHHW IHDWXUHV UHSUHVHQW HGJHV WKDW FRQQHFW DW WKHLU HQGSRLQWV FDOOHG MXQFWLRQV 7XUQV PRGHO WKH PRYHPHQW RI WUDYHOLQJ IURP RQH HGJH WR DQRWKHU *HRJUDSKLF IHDWXUHV VKDUH JHRPHWU\ )HDWXUH JHRPHWU\ FDQ EH GHVFULEHG XVLQJ UHODWLRQVKLSV EHWZHHQ QRGHV HGJHV DQG IDFHV 6 • What is ArcGIS? Ch01_Requirements.pmd 6 3/5/2004, 6:24 PM Thematic layers and datasets 'DWDVHWVFDQUHSUHVHQW *,6RUJDQL]HVJHRJUDSKLFGDWDLQWRDVHULHVRIWKHPDWLF OD\HUVDQGWDEOHV6LQFHJHRJUDSKLFGDWDVHWVLQD*,6DUH JHRUHIHUHQFHGWKH\KDYHUHDOZRUOGORFDWLRQVDQGRYHUOD\ RQHDQRWKHU 5DZPHDVXUHPHQWVVXFKDVVDWHOOLWHLPDJHU\ &RPSLOHGDQGLQWHUSUHWHGLQIRUPDWLRQ 'DWDWKDWLVGHULYHGWKURXJKJHRSURFHVVLQJRSHUDWLRQV IRUDQDO\VLVDQGPRGHOLQJ 0DQ\RIWKHVSDWLDOUHODWLRQVKLSVEHWZHHQOD\HUVFDQEH HDVLO\GHULYHGWKURXJKWKHLUFRPPRQJHRJUDSKLFORFDWLRQ Transportation Land Use Census Tracts Structures *,6PDQDJHVVLPSOHGDWDOD\HUVDVJHQHULF*,6REMHFW FODVVHVDQGXWLOL]HVDULFKFROOHFWLRQRIWRROVWRZRUNZLWK WKHGDWDOD\HUVWRGHULYHPDQ\NH\UHODWLRQVKLSV $*,6ZLOOXVHQXPHURXVGDWDVHWVZLWKPDQ\ UHSUHVHQWDWLRQVRIWHQIURPPDQ\RUJDQL]DWLRQV7KHUHIRUH LWLVLPSRUWDQWIRU*,6GDWDVHWVWREH 6LPSOHWRXVHDQGHDV\WRXQGHUVWDQG Postal Codes 8VHGHDVLO\ZLWKRWKHUJHRJUDSKLFGDWDVHWV Raster Imagery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concepts and requirements • 7 Ch01_Requirements.pmd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• What is ArcGIS? 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ArcGIS? 19 Ch02_what_is_arcgis.pmd 19 3/5/2004, 6:24 PM GIS IS EVOLVING 5HFHQWGHYHORSPHQWVLQFRPSXWLQJ³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rcGIS 9 Desktop GIS Embedded GIS ArcGIS Desktop ArcGIS Engine Mobile GIS Server GIS ArcGIS Server ArcIMS ArcGIS Mobile ArcPad ArcView ArcEditor Web Desktop ArcInfo Custom Applications ArcReader Web Templates Custom Templates Server + ArcGIS Extensions Desktop Development Kit Engine Development Kit Server Development Kit .NET C++ .NET JAVA ADF VB C++ VB Java NET ADF C++ Customization JScript HTML/DHTML .NET XML Services Java ActiveX (ASP ) JSP ColdFusion ArcObjects Component Building Blocks ArcSDE Geodatabase File Based DBMS XML 8VH$UF*,6WRPHHWDOO\RXU*,6XVHUUHTXLUHPHQWV 20 • What is ArcGIS? Ch02_what_is_arcgis.pmd 20 3/5/2004, 6:24 PM Customization XML+ VBScript ArcPad Application Builder $UF*,6SURYLGHVDVFDODEOHIUDPHZRUNIRULPSOHPHQWLQJ *,6IRUDVLQJOHXVHURUPDQ\XVHUVRQGHVNWRSVLQVHUYHUV RYHUWKH:HEDQGLQWKHILHOG$UF*,6LVDQLQWHJUDWHG FROOHFWLRQRI*,6VRIWZDUHSURGXFWVIRUEXLOGLQJD FRPSOHWH*,6,WFRQVLVWVRIDQXPEHURIIUDPHZRUNVIRU GHSOR\LQJ*,6 DESKTOP GIS $UF*,6'HVNWRS³DQLQWHJUDWHGVXLWHRISURIHVVLRQDO *,6DSSOLFDWLRQV $UF*,6'HVNWRSLVDQLQWHJUDWHGVXLWHRIDGYDQFHG*,6 DSSOLFDWLRQV,WLQFOXGHVDVHULHVRI:LQGRZVGHVNWRS DSSOLFDWLRQVIRUH[DPSOH$UF0DS$UF&DWDORJ $UF7RROER[DQG$UF*OREHZLWKXVHULQWHUIDFH FRPSRQHQWV$UF*,6'HVNWRSLVDYDLODEOHDWWKUHH IXQFWLRQDO OHYHOV³$UF9LHZ $UF(GLWRU DQG $UF,QIR³DQGFDQEHFXVWRPL]HGDQGH[WHQGHGXVLQJ WKH$UF*,6'HVNWRS'HYHORSHUV.LWZKLFKLVLQFOXGHG $UF*,6(QJLQH³HPEHGGDEOHGHYHORSHUFRPSRQHQWV IRUFXVWRP*,6DSSOLFDWLRQV 6HUYHU*,6³$UF6'($UF,06DQG$UF*,66HUYHU 0RELOH*,6³$UF3DGDVZHOODV$UF*,6'HVNWRSDQG (QJLQHIRU7DEOHW3&FRPSXWLQJ $UF*,6LVEDVHGRQDFRPPRQPRGXODUFRPSRQHQWEDVHG OLEUDU\RIVKDUHG*,6VRIWZDUHFRPSRQHQWVFDOOHG $UF2EMHFWV 'HVNWRS*,6LVWKHSULPDU\VHDWIURPZKLFK*,6 SURIHVVLRQDOVFRPSLOHDXWKRUDQGXVHJHRJUDSKLF LQIRUPDWLRQDQGNQRZOHGJH*,6SURIHVVLRQDOVXVHD VWDQGDUGGHVNWRSDVDSURGXFWLYLW\WRROIRUDXWKRULQJ VKDULQJPDQDJLQJDQGSXEOLVKLQJJHRJUDSKLFNQRZOHGJH )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW$UF*,6'HVNWRSVHH &KDSWHU¶'HVNWRS*,6$UF9LHZ$UF(GLWRUDQG$UF,QIR·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³WKH GHYHORSHU EXLOGLQJ EORFNV IRU $UF*,6 7KH JUDSKLFV DERYH UHSUHVHQW DSSOLFDWLRQ H[DPSOHV XVLQJ $UF*,6 'HVNWRS What is ArcGIS? • 21 Ch02_what_is_arcgis.pmd 21 3/5/2004, 6:24 PM SERVER GIS ArcGIS 9 includes three server products: *,6XVHUVGHSOR\DFHQWUDOL]HGVHUYHU*,6WRSXEOLVKDQG VKDUHJHRJUDSKLFNQRZOHGJHZLWKLQODUJHRUJDQL]DWLRQVDQG ZLWKPDQ\RWKHUXVHUVRQWKH,QWHUQHW6HUYHU*,6 VRIWZDUHLVXVHGIRUDQ\NLQGRIFHQWUDOO\KRVWHG*,6 FRPSXWLQJDQGLW·VH[SDQGLQJWRVXSSRUW*,6GDWD PDQDJHPHQWDQGJHRSURFHVVLQJ,QDGGLWLRQWRVHUYLQJ PDSVDQGGDWDD*,6VHUYHUFDQSURYLGHDOOWKH IXQFWLRQDOLW\RID*,6ZRUNVWDWLRQLQDVKDUHGFHQWUDO VHUYHULQFOXGLQJPDSSLQJVSDWLDODQDO\VLVFRPSOH[VSDWLDO TXHULHVDGYDQFHGGDWDFRPSLODWLRQGLVWULEXWHGGDWD PDQDJHPHQWEDWFKJHRSURFHVVLQJHQIRUFHPHQWRI JHRPHWULFLQWHJULW\UXOHVDQGVRRQ $UF6'(³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³DVFDODEOH,QWHUQHWPDSVHUYHUIRU*,6 SXEOLVKLQJRIPDSVGDWDDQGPHWDGDWDWKURXJKRSHQ ,QWHUQHWSURWRFROV$UF,06LVDOUHDG\GHSOR\HGLQWHQVRI WKRXVDQGVRI LPSOHPHQWDWLRQVSULPDULO\IRU*,6:HE SXEOLVKLQJ³GHOLYHULQJGDWDDQGPDSVHUYLFHVWRPDQ\ XVHUVRQWKH:HE $UF*,66HUYHU³DQDSSOLFDWLRQVHUYHUWKDWLQFOXGHVD VKDUHGOLEUDU\RI*,6VRIWZDUHREMHFWVWREXLOGVHUYHUVLGH *,6DSSOLFDWLRQVLQHQWHUSULVHDQG:HEFRPSXWLQJ IUDPHZRUNV$UF*,66HUYHULVDQHZSURGXFWXVHGIRU EXLOGLQJFHQWUDOHQWHUSULVH*,6DSSOLFDWLRQV62$3EDVHG :HEVHUYLFHVDQG:HEDSSOLFDWLRQV )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKH$UF*,6VHUYHU SURGXFWVVHH&KDSWHU¶6HUYHU*,6$UF6'($UF,06 DQG$UF*,66HUYHU· Maps and Globes Data World Wide Web Data Models Crosier, S. J., Goodchild, M., et al. (2003) “Developing an Infrastructure for Sharing Environmental Models” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 2003, volume 30(4) July, pages 487 – 501 Crosier, S. J. (2001) "Defining Space - A Metadata Approach" Of Significance 2001, Volume 3(2) pages 26 – 31 Work flow Models Hill, L. L., S. J. Crosier, et al. (2001). A Content Standard for Computational Models. D-Lib Magazine. 7. (Available: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june01/ hill/06hill.html) Metadata *,6 ZLOO XVH WKH ,QWHUQHW WR EH VXFFHVVIXO DQG JURZ (PHUJLQJ ,QWHUQHW WHFKQRORJ\ VXFK DV :HE VHUYLFHV KROGV JUHDW SURPLVH IRU *,6 XVHUV WR VKDUH DQG VHUYH JHRJUDSKLF NQRZOHGJH DQG WR FRQQHFW *,6 DFURVV RUJDQL]DWLRQV 22 • What is ArcGIS? 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Ch02_what_is_arcgis.pmd 24 3/5/2004, 6:25 PM 3 GIS data concepts in the geodatabase 25 Ch3_Geodatabase_new_version.pmd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ile-based datasets Coverages Shapefiles Grids TINs Images (numerous formats) Vector Product Format (VPF) files CAD files (numerous formats) Tables (numerous formats) Geodatabases Oracle Oracle with Spatial or Locator DB2 with its Spatial Type Informix with its Spatial Type SQL Server Personal Geodatabases (Microsoft Access) 6RPH RI WKH FRPPRQ *,6 GDWD IRUPDWV WKDW FDQ EH XVHG GLUHFWO\ LQ $UF*,6 $FFHVV WR DQG IURP QXPHURXV DGGLWLRQDO IRUPDWV LV VXSSRUWHG WKURXJK GDWD FRQYHUVLRQ DQG LQWHURSHUDELOLW\ H[WHQVLRQV *,6 GDWD LV DOVR DFFHVVLEOH WKURXJK WKH:HEXVLQJYDULRXV;0/DQG:HEVFKHPDVVXFKDV*HRGDWDEDVH;0/ $UF;0/62$3:06DQG:)6 26 • What is ArcGIS? Ch3_Geodatabase_new_version.pmd 26 3/5/2004, 6:25 PM WHAT IS THE GEODATABASE? 7KHJHRGDWDEDVHLVDGDWDPRGHOIRUUHSUHVHQWLQJ JHRJUDSKLFLQIRUPDWLRQXVLQJVWDQGDUGUHODWLRQDOGDWDEDVH WHFKQRORJ\7KHJHRGDWDEDVHVXSSRUWVWKHVWRUDJHDQG PDQDJHPHQWRIJHRJUDSKLFLQIRUPDWLRQLQVWDQGDUG GDWDEDVHPDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPWDEOHV *HRGDWDEDVHVZRUNDFURVVDUDQJHRI'%06DUFKLWHFWXUHV FRPHLQPDQ\VL]HVDQGKDYHYDU\LQJQXPEHUVRIXVHUV 7KH\FDQVFDOHIURPVPDOOHUVLQJOHXVHUGDWDEDVHVEXLOWRQ WKH0LFURVRIW-HW(QJLQHGDWDEDVHXSWRODUJHUZRUNJURXS GHSDUWPHQWDQGHQWHUSULVHGDWDEDVHVDFFHVVHGE\PDQ\ XVHUV7ZRW\SHVRI JHRGDWDEDVHDUFKLWHFWXUHVDUH DYDLODEOH³SHUVRQDOJHRGDWDEDVHVDQGPXOWLXVHU JHRGDWDEDVHV 3HUVRQDOJHRGDWDEDVHVZKLFKDUHIUHHO\DYDLODEOHWRDOO $UF*,6XVHUVXVHWKH0LFURVRIW-HW(QJLQHGDWDEDVHILOH VWUXFWXUHWRSHUVLVW*,6GDWDLQVPDOOHUGDWDEDVHV3HUVRQDO JHRGDWDEDVHVDUHPXFKOLNHILOHEDVHGZRUNVSDFHVDQGKROG GDWDEDVHVXSWR*%LQVL]H0LFURVRIW$FFHVVLVXVHGWR ZRUNZLWKDWWULEXWHWDEOHVLQSHUVRQDOJHRGDWDEDVHV REMHFWVUHTXLUHGIRU*,6GDWDLQDQGRXWRIWDEOHV,Q DGGLWLRQ*,6GDWDEDVHVL]HVDQGWKHQXPEHUVRI VXSSRUWHGXVHUVFDQEHPXFKODUJHUWKDQ*,6ILOHEDVHV Geodatabase type DBMS Personal geodatabase Microsoft Jet Engine (Access) Multiuser, versioned geodatabase · Oracle · Oracle with Spatial or Locator · IBM DB2 · IBM Informix · Microsoft SQL Server Notes · Single-user editing · 2 GB size limit · No versioning support · Requires ArcSDE Gateway · Multiuser editing · Version-based work flows · Database size and number of users up to RDBMS limits 6XPPDU\ RI SHUVRQDO DQG PXOWLXVHU JHRGDWDEDVHV 3HUVRQDOJHRGDWDEDVHVDUHLGHDOIRUZRUNLQJZLWKVPDOOHU GDWDVHWVIRU*,6SURMHFWVDQGLQVPDOOZRUNJURXSV 7\SLFDOO\XVHUVZLOOHPSOR\PXOWLSOHSHUVRQDOJHRGDWDEDVHV IRUWKHLUGDWDFROOHFWLRQVDQGDFFHVVWKHVHVLPXOWDQHRXVO\ IRUWKHLU*,6ZRUN3HUVRQDOJHRGDWDEDVHVVXSSRUWVLQJOH XVHUHGLWLQJ1RYHUVLRQLQJVXSSRUWLVSURYLGHG 0XOWLXVHUJHRGDWDEDVHVUHTXLUHWKHXVHRI$UF6'(DQG ZRUNZLWKDYDULHW\RI'%06VWRUDJHPRGHOV,%0'% ,QIRUPL[2UDFOH³ERWKZLWKDQGZLWKRXW2UDFOH 6SDWLDO³DQG64/6HUYHU0XOWLXVHUJHRGDWDEDVHVDUH SULPDULO\XVHGLQDZLGHUDQJHRIZRUNJURXSV GHSDUWPHQWVDQGHQWHUSULVHVHWWLQJV7KH\WDNHIXOO DGYDQWDJHRIWKHLUXQGHUO\LQJ'%06DUFKLWHFWXUHVWR VXSSRUW ([WUHPHO\ODUJHFRQWLQXRXV*,6GDWDEDVHV 0DQ\VLPXOWDQHRXVXVHUV /RQJWUDQVDFWLRQVDQGYHUVLRQHGZRUNIORZV 0XOWLXVHUJHRGDWDEDVHVUHDGLO\VFDOHWRH[WUHPHO\ODUJH VL]HVDQGQXPEHUVRIXVHUV7KURXJKPDQ\ODUJH JHRGDWDEDVHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQVLWKDVEHHQIRXQGWKDW '%06VDUHHIILFLHQWDWPRYLQJWKHW\SHRIODUJHELQDU\ GIS data concepts in the geodatabase • 27 Ch3_Geodatabase_new_version.pmd 27 3/5/2004, 6:25 PM FEATURE GEOMETRY 9HFWRUIHDWXUHVJHRJUDSKLFREMHFWVZLWKYHFWRUJHRPHWU\ DUHDYHUVDWLOHDQGIUHTXHQWO\XVHGJHRJUDSKLFGDWDW\SH ZHOOVXLWHGIRUUHSUHVHQWLQJIHDWXUHVZLWKGLVFUHWH ERXQGDULHVVXFKDVZHOOVVWUHHWVULYHUVVWDWHVDQGSDUFHOV $IHDWXUHLVVLPSO\DQREMHFWWKDWKDVDORFDWLRQVWRUHGDV RQHRI LWVSURSHUWLHVRUILHOGVLQWKHURZ7\SLFDOO\ Points Lines Point Single part Multi-part Multi-points Polygons IHDWXUHVDUHVSDWLDOO\UHSUHVHQWHGDVSRLQWVOLQHVSRO\JRQV RUDQQRWDWLRQDQGDUHRUJDQL]HGLQWRIHDWXUHFODVVHV )HDWXUHFODVVHVDUHFROOHFWLRQVRI IHDWXUHVRI WKHVDPHW\SH ZLWKDFRPPRQVSDWLDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQDQGVHWRIDWWULEXWHV IRUH[DPSOHDOLQHIHDWXUHFODVVIRUURDGV Annotation Single part Multi-part &RPPRQ YHFWRU IHDWXUH UHSUHVHQWDWLRQV 28 • What is ArcGIS? Ch3_Geodatabase_new_version.pmd 28 3/5/2004, 6:25 PM 3D MultiPatch RASTER GEOMETRY 5DVWHUVDUHXVHGWRUHSUHVHQWFRQWLQXRXVOD\HUVVXFKDV HOHYDWLRQVORSHDQGDVSHFWYHJHWDWLRQWHPSHUDWXUH UDLQIDOOSOXPHGLVSHUVLRQDQGVRRQ5DVWHUVDUHPRVW FRPPRQO\XVHGIRUWKHVWRUDJHRIDHULDOSKRWRJUDSKVDQG LPDJHU\RIYDULRXVNLQGV ,QDGGLWLRQWRYHFWRUIHDWXUHVDQGUDVWHUGDWDVHWVDOORWKHU VSDWLDOGDWDW\SHVFDQEHPDQDJHGDQGVWRUHGLQWKH UHODWLRQDOWDEOHVDOORZLQJ\RXWKHRSSRUWXQLW\WRPDQDJH DOOJHRJUDSKLFGDWDLQD'%06 Imagery Grass Surveys Shrub Addresses Rules & behavior Beach Topology Forest Terrain Water Networks H *HRGDWDEDVHV DUH XVHG WR PDQDJH DQG VWRUH GLYHUVH FROOHFWLRQV RI JHRJUDSKLF LQIRUPDWLRQ W\SHV 5DVWHUGDWDVHWVDUHWKHVWRUDJHPHFKDQLVPVIRULPDJHU\GDWD GIS data concepts in the geodatabase • 29 Ch3_Geodatabase_new_version.pmd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eature class table Shape ID PIN Area Addr 1 334-1626-001 7,342 341 Cherry Ct. SFR 2 334-1626-002 8,020 343 Cherry Ct. UND 3 334-1626-003 10,031 345 Cherry Ct. SFR 4 334-1626-004 9,254 347 Cherry Ct. SFR 5 334-1626-005 8,856 348 Cherry Ct. UND 6 334-1626-006 9,975 346 Cherry Ct. SFR 7 334-1626-007 8,230 344 Cherry Ct. SFR 8 334-1626-008 8,645 342 Cherry Ct. SFR Related ownership table PIN 334-1626-001 Code Owner Acq.Date Assessed TaxStat 1995/10/20 $115,500.00 02 334-1626-002 H. L Holmes 1993/10/06 $24,375.00 G. Hall 01 334-1626-003 W. Rodgers 1980/09/24 $175,500.00 02 334-1626-004 J. Williamson 1974/09/20 $135,750.00 02 334-1626-005 334-1626-006 P. Goodman 1966/06/06 $30,350.00 K. Staley 1942/10/24 $120,750.00 02 02 334-1626-007 J. Dormandy 1996/01/27 $110,650.00 01 334-1626-008 02 S. Gooley 2000/05/31 $145,750.00 30 • What is ArcGIS? Ch3_Geodatabase_new_version.pmd 30 3/5/2004, 6:25 PM 6SDWLDOWDEOHVLQWKHJHRGDWDEDVHVXFKDVIHDWXUHFODVVHV DQGUDVWHUWDEOHVDGKHUHWRWKHVHVDPH'%06SULQFLSOHV 2QHRIWKHFROXPQVKROGVWKHVSDWLDOGDWDIRUHDFK JHRJUDSKLFREMHFW³IRUH[DPSOHWKHVKDSHILHOGKROGVD SRO\JRQVKDSHLQDIHDWXUHFODVVWDEOH9DULRXVFROXPQ W\SHVLQHDFK'%06DUHXVHGWRKROGWKHVKDSHILHOGLQWKH WDEOH7KHVHDUHW\SLFDOO\HLWKHUDELQDU\ODUJHREMHFW %/2%W\SHRUDQH[WHQGHGVSDWLDOW\SHWKDWLVVXSSRUWHG LQVRPH'%06V)RUH[DPSOH2UDFOHZLWKLWV6SDWLDO H[WHQVLRQSURYLGHVDVSDWLDOFROXPQW\SH 64/RSHUDWHVRQWKHURZVFROXPQVDQGW\SHVLQWDEOHV 7KHFROXPQW\SHVWKHQXPEHUVFKDUDFWHUVGDWHV%/2%V VSDWLDOW\SHVDQGVRRQDUHREMHFWVLQWKH64/DOJHEUD 7KH'%06PDQDJHVWKHVHVLPSOHGDWDW\SHVDQGWDEOHV ZKLOHDGGLWLRQDODSSOLFDWLRQORJLFLPSOHPHQWVPRUH FRPSOH[REMHFWEHKDYLRUDQGLQWHJULW\FRQVWUDLQWV 'HYHORSHUVZLVKLQJWRLPSOHPHQWKLJKHUOHYHOREMHFWV ZLWKEHKDYLRUDQGORJLFZULWHDSSOLFDWLRQFRGHWRGRVR )RUH[DPSOHDQRUJDQL]DWLRQPD\LPSOHPHQWDWDEOH QDPHG(03/2<((6DVIROORZV Name (Last) Crosier Clark Brown Name (First) James Rosemary Pete DOH 10-10-98 03-12-95 06-12-89 Salary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here does the application logic belong? 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Ch3_Geodatabase_new_version.pmd 32 3/5/2004, 6:25 PM GEODATABASE STORAGE IN RELATIONAL DATABASES *HRGDWDEDVHVWRUDJHLQFOXGHVERWKWKHVFKHPDDQGUXOH EDVHIRUHDFKJHRJUDSKLFGDWDVHWSOXVVLPSOHWDEXODU VWRUDJHRIWKHVSDWLDODQGDWWULEXWHGDWD 7KHJHRGDWDEDVHVFKHPDLQFOXGHVWKHGHILQLWLRQVLQWHJULW\ UXOHVDQGEHKDYLRUIRUHDFKJHRJUDSKLFGDWDVHW7KHVH LQFOXGHSURSHUWLHVIRUIHDWXUHFODVVHVWRSRORJLHV QHWZRUNVUDVWHUFDWDORJVUHODWLRQVKLSVGRPDLQVDQGVR IRUWK7KHVFKHPDLVSHUVLVWHGLQDFROOHFWLRQRI JHRGDWDEDVHPHWDWDEOHVLQWKH'%06WKDWGHILQHVWKH LQWHJULW\DQGEHKDYLRURIWKHJHRJUDSKLFLQIRUPDWLRQ 7KHVSDWLDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQVDUHPRVWFRPPRQO\VWRUHGDV HLWKHUYHFWRUIHDWXUHVRUDVUDVWHUGDWDVHWVDORQJZLWK WUDGLWLRQDOWDEXODUDWWULEXWHV)RUH[DPSOHD'%06WDEOH FDQEHXVHGWRVWRUHDIHDWXUHFROOHFWLRQZKHUHHDFKURZLQ WKHWDEOHUHSUHVHQWVDIHDWXUH$VKDSHFROXPQLQHDFKURZ LVXVHGWRKROGWKHJHRPHWU\RUVKDSHRIWKHIHDWXUH7KH VKDSHFROXPQKROGLQJWKHJHRPHWU\LVW\SLFDOO\RQHRIWZR FROXPQW\SHV $%/2%FROXPQW\SH $VSDWLDOFROXPQW\SHLIWKH'%06VXSSRUWVLW $KRPRJHQHRXVFROOHFWLRQRIFRPPRQIHDWXUHVHDFK KDYLQJWKHVDPHVSDWLDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQVXFKDVDSRLQW OLQHRUSRO\JRQDQGDFRPPRQVHWRIDWWULEXWHFROXPQV LVUHIHUUHGWRDVDIHDWXUHFODVVDQGLVPDQDJHGLQDVLQJOH WDEOH 5DVWHUDQGLPDJHU\GDWDW\SHVDUHPDQDJHGDQGVWRUHGLQ UHODWLRQDOWDEOHVDVZHOO5DVWHUGDWDLVW\SLFDOO\PXFK ODUJHULQVL]HDQGUHTXLUHVDVLGHWDEOHIRUVWRUDJH7KH UDVWHULVFXWLQWRVPDOOHUSLHFHVFDOOHGEORFNVDQGVWRUHGLQ LQGLYLGXDOURZVLQWKHVHSDUDWHEORFNWDEOH 7KHFROXPQW\SHVWKDWKROGWKHYHFWRUDQGUDVWHUJHRPHWU\ YDU\IURPGDWDEDVHWRGDWDEDVH:KHQWKH'%06VXSSRUWV VSDWLDOW\SHH[WHQVLRQVWKHJHRGDWDEDVHFDQUHDGLO\XVH WKHPWRKROGWKHVSDWLDOJHRPHWU\(65,ZDVFORVHO\ LQYROYHGLQHIIRUWVWRH[WHQG64/IRUVSDWLDODVWKH SULPDU\DXWKRUVRIWKH64/006SDWLDODQGWKH2*& 6LPSOH)HDWXUHV64/VSHFLILFDWLRQV(65,KDVIRFXVHGRQ VXSSRUWIRUWKHVHW\SHVDVZHOODVWKHLQGHSHQGHQW2UDFOH 6SDWLDOW\SHVLQWKHSHUVLVWHQFHRIJHRGDWDEDVHVXVLQJ '%06VWDQGDUGV Feature dataset Contains spatially-related feature classes with the topology and network objects that bind them. Feature classes in a feature dataset have spatial reference. Feature class A table with a shape field containing point, line, or polygon geometries for geographic features. Each row is a feature. Table A collection of rows, each containing the same fields. Feature classes are tables with shape fields. Domain Defines a set or range of valid values for a field. Relationship class Associates objects from a feature class or table to objects in another feature class or table. Relationship classes can optionally have user-defined fields. Topology Integrity rules that define the behavior of geographically integrated features. Geometric network Rules for managing connectivity among features in a set of feature classes. Survey dataset Contains survey measurements that are used to calculate coordinates linked to feature geometries in survey-aware feature classes. Raster dataset Contains rasters that represent continuous geographic phenomena. Metadata document An XML document that can be associated with every dataset. Commonly used in ArcIMS and other server applications. Geoprocessing tools A collection of data flow and work flow processes for performing data management, analysis, and modeling. $ JHRGDWDEDVH LV D VWRUH RI JHRJUDSKLF GDWD LPSOHPHQWHG ZLWK WKH UHODWLRQDO GDWDEDVH RI \RXU FKRLFH $OO JHRGDWDEDVH HOHPHQWV DUH PDQDJHG LQ VWDQGDUG '%06 WDEOHV XVLQJ VWDQGDUG 64/ GDWD W\SHV 7KHVH DUH VRPH RI WKH VWUXFWXUDO HOHPHQWV RI D JHRGDWDEDVH \RX ZLOO XVH WR GHYHORS \RXU JHRJUDSKLF GDWDPRGHO GIS data concepts in the geodatabase • 33 Ch3_Geodatabase_new_version.pmd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´SDUFHOVSOLWµ7KLVLQYROYHV WKUHHVWHSVGHOHWLQJWKHROGSDUFHOFUHDWLQJWZRQHZ SDUFHOVDQGXSGDWLQJWKHWD[UROOVZLWKQHZFRUUHVSRQGLQJ SDUFHODQGRZQHULQIRUPDWLRQ,QWKLVVLPSOHFDVHDVLQJOH *,6XSGDWHWUDQVDFWLRQLVDFWXDOO\FRPSRVHGRIWKUHHRU PRUH'%06WUDQVDFWLRQV,QDGGLWLRQ*,6XVHUVRIWHQ QHHGWR 8QGRRUUHGRLQGLYLGXDOHGLWLQJRSHUDWLRQVGXULQJDQ HGLWLQJVHVVLRQ &UHDWHDKLVWRULFDODUFKLYHRIXSGDWHGIHDWXUHV³IRU H[DPSOH´UHWLUHGµSDUFHOVDQGWKHLUOLQHDJHV ,QDPXOWLXVHUGDWDEDVHWKH*,6WUDQVDFWLRQVPXVWEH RUFKHVWUDWHGRQWKH'%06VKRUWWUDQVDFWLRQIUDPHZRUN $UF6'(SOD\VDNH\UROHGXULQJWKHVHRSHUDWLRQVE\ PDQDJLQJWKHKLJKHUOHYHOFRPSOH[*,6WUDQVDFWLRQVRQ WKHVLPSOH'%06WUDQVDFWLRQIUDPHZRUN *,6XVHUVKDYHPDQ\VXFKFDVHVZKHUHORQJWUDQVDFWLRQ ZRUNIORZVDUHFULWLFDO,QPRVWFDVHVWKHVHDUHPDGH SRVVLEOHWKURXJKWKHXVHRIDPXOWLXVHU'%06DQG $UF6'(IRUPDQDJLQJXSGDWHVWRWKHFHQWUDO*,6 GDWDEDVH &KHFNRXWFKHFNLQWUDQVDFWLRQV³2IWHQXVHUVPLJKW ZDQWWRFKHFNRXWDSRUWLRQRIDGDWDEDVHIRUD SDUWLFXODUDUHDRUGLVWULFWRQWRWKHLURZQFRPSXWHUDQG XSGDWHWKDWLQIRUPDWLRQLQDGLVFRQQHFWHGVHVVLRQWKDW PLJKWODVWIRUGD\VRUZHHNV(YHQWXDOO\WKH\ZDQWWR SRVWWKHLUXSGDWHVWRWKHPDLQGDWDEDVH,QRWKHUFDVHV XVHUVZLOOWDNHDSRUWLRQRIDODUJHJHRGDWDEDVHZLWK WKHPLQWRWKHILHOGIRUYDOLGDWLRQDQGXSGDWHZLWKILHOG FRPSXWHUV +LVWRU\³6RPHXVHUVZDQWWRPDLQWDLQDKLVWRULFDO YHUVLRQRIHDFKIHDWXUHLQWKHLU*,6GDWDEDVHHYHQ DIWHUWKHYHUVLRQKDVEHHQXSGDWHG7KH\ZDQWWR PDLQWDLQDFRS\RIWKHUHWLUHGDQGFKDQJHGIHDWXUHVLQ DKLVWRULFDODUFKLYH8VHUVDOVRRIWHQQHHGWRWUDFNHDFK LQGLYLGXDOIHDWXUH·VKLVWRU\IRUH[DPSOHSDUFHOOLQHDJH RUIHDWXUHXSGDWHSURSHUWLHVLQDQDWLRQDOPDSSLQJ GDWDEDVH 7UDQVIHURI FKDQJHRQO\XSGDWHV³0DQ\XVHUV FROODERUDWHRQGDWDFROOHFWLRQDQGQHHGWRVKDUH XSGDWHVDFURVVWKH:RUOG:LGH:HELQDZHOOGHILQHG ;0/VFKHPDIRUVKDULQJFKDQJHRQO\XSGDWHVEHWZHHQ GDWDEDVHV7KHVHGDWDEDVHVFDQKDYHGLIIHUHQW*,6 DUFKLWHFWXUHV 'LVWULEXWHGJHRJUDSKLFGDWDEDVHV³$UHJLRQDOGDWDEDVH PD\EHDFRS\IRUDSDUWLFXODUJHRJUDSKLFUHJLRQRIWKH PDLQFRUSRUDWH*,6GDWDEDVH3HULRGLFDOO\WKHWZR GDWDEDVHVPXVWEHV\QFKURQL]HGE\H[FKDQJLQJXSGDWHV EHWZHHQWKHP0DQ\WLPHVWKH'%06VDUHGLIIHUHQW IRUH[DPSOH64/6HUYHU2UDFOHDQG,%0'% 0XOWLSOHHGLWVHVVLRQV³$VLQJOH*,6GDWDEDVHXSGDWH PD\UHTXLUHQXPHURXVFKDQJHVWKDWVSDQPXOWLSOHHGLW VHVVLRQVRFFXUULQJRYHUDIHZGD\VRUZHHNV 0XOWLXVHUHGLWLQJ³0XOWLSOHHGLWRUVRIWHQQHHGWR FRQFXUUHQWO\XSGDWHWKHVDPHVSDWLDOO\LQWHJUDWHG IHDWXUHV(DFKQHHGVWRZRUNZLWKKLVRUKHURZQ GDWDEDVHVWDWHYLHZLQJLQGLYLGXDOXSGDWHVDQGLJQRULQJ XSGDWHVE\RWKHUHGLWRUV(YHQWXDOO\HDFKXVHUQHHGVWR SRVWKLVRUKHUXSGDWHVDQGUHFRQFLOHWKHPZLWKWKH RWKHUHGLWRUVDVZHOODVLGHQWLI\DQGUHVROYHDQ\ FRQIOLFWV 34 • What is ArcGIS? Ch3_Geodatabase_new_version.pmd 34 3/5/2004, 6:25 PM What is versioning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³IRUH[DPSOH WRYLHZWKHGDWDEDVHVWDWHIRUDSRLQWLQWLPHRUVHHD SDUWLFXODUXVHU·VFXUUHQWYHUVLRQZLWKKLVRUKHUHGLWV $UF6'(SOD\VDFULWLFDOUROHLQYHUVLRQHGJHRGDWDEDVH DSSOLFDWLRQVDQGLVXVHGWRPDQDJHORQJWUDQVDFWLRQVLQ HDFK'%06DVZHOODVDFURVVGLIIHUHQWV\VWHPV Default Version before editing Adds Table Base Table 45 41 44 42 43 ObjectID Perimeter Bldg_Code 41 42 43 44 45 30106.25 27458.37 32945.09 30001.55 30556.38 04 04 04 04 04 Area 1253459.45 1048592.56 1584562.04 1116459.67 1362965.03 ObjectID Other Columns State_ID Deletes Table Deleted_at Deletes_Row_ID State_ID Updated Feature after edit session Adds Table Base Table ObjectID Perimeter Bldg_Code 47 44 41 42 43 41 42 43 44 47 30106.25 27458.37 32945.09 30001.55 43834.07 04 04 04 04 06 Area 1253459.45 1048592.56 1584562.04 1116459.67 1953473.02 ObjectID Other Columns State_ID 47 <….> 47 Deletes Table Deleted_at Deletes_Row_ID State_ID 45 <….> 0 9HUVLRQV H[SOLFLWO\ UHFRUG WKH REMHFW VWDWHV RI D JHRGDWDEDVH GIS data concepts in the geodatabase • 35 Ch3_Geodatabase_new_version.pmd 35 3/5/2004, 6:25 PM GEODATABASE XML *HRGDWDEDVH;0/UHSUHVHQWV(65,·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• What is ArcGIS? Ch3_Geodatabase_new_version.pmd 36 3/5/2004, 6:25 PM 4 Ch04_Desktop.pmd 37 Desktop GIS: Ar cV ie w, ArcV cVie iew Ar cEditor ArcEditor cEditor,, and Ar cInf o ArcInf cInfo 3/10/2004, 10:19 AM W HAT IS A RC GIS D ESKTOP ? $UF*,6'HVNWRSLQFOXGHVDVXLWHRILQWHJUDWHG DSSOLFDWLRQVLQFOXGLQJ$UF&DWDORJ$UF0DS$UF*OREH $UF7RROER[DQG0RGHO%XLOGHU8VLQJWKHVHDSSOLFDWLRQV DQGLQWHUIDFHVLQXQLVRQ\RXFDQSHUIRUPDQ\*,6WDVN VLPSOHWRDGYDQFHGLQFOXGLQJPDSSLQJJHRJUDSKLF DQDO\VLVGDWDHGLWLQJDQGFRPSLODWLRQGDWDPDQDJHPHQW YLVXDOL]DWLRQDQGJHRSURFHVVLQJ $UF*,6'HVNWRSLVVFDODEOHWRPHHWWKHQHHGVRIPDQ\ W\SHVRIXVHUV,WLVDYDLODEOHDWWKUHHIXQFWLRQDOOHYHOV ArcViewIRFXVHVRQFRPSUHKHQVLYHGDWDXVH PDSSLQJDQGDQDO\VLV ArcInfoLVDFRPSOHWHSURIHVVLRQDO*,6GHVNWRS FRQWDLQLQJFRPSUHKHQVLYH*,6IXQFWLRQDOLW\LQFOXGLQJ ULFKJHRSURFHVVLQJWRROV 1HZFDSDELOLWLHVFDQEHDGGHGWRDOOVHDWVWKURXJKDVHULHV RI$UF*,6'HVNWRSH[WHQVLRQVIURP(65,DQGRWKHU RUJDQL]DWLRQV8VHUVFDQDOVRGHYHORSWKHLURZQFXVWRP H[WHQVLRQVWR$UF*,6'HVNWRSE\ZRUNLQJZLWK $UF2EMHFWVWKH$UF*,6VRIWZDUHFRPSRQHQWOLEUDU\ 8VHUVGHYHORSH[WHQVLRQVDQGFXVWRPWRROVXVLQJVWDQGDUG :LQGRZVSURJUDPPLQJLQWHUIDFHVVXFKDV9LVXDO%DVLF 9%1(7-DYDDQG9LVXDO& ArcEditorDGGVDGYDQFHGJHRJUDSKLFHGLWLQJDQGGDWD FUHDWLRQ $UF&DWDORJ LV WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ IRU PDQDJLQJ VSDWLDO GDWD KROGLQJV DQG GDWDEDVH GHVLJQV DV ZHOO DV IRU UHFRUGLQJ YLHZLQJ DQG PDQDJLQJ PHWDGDWD $UF0DS LV XVHG IRU DOO PDSSLQJ DQG HGLWLQJ WDVNV DV ZHOO DV PDSEDVHGDQDO\VLV 38 • What is ArcGIS? 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Ch04_Desktop.pmd 42 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM *HRSURFHVVLQJ LQ $UF&DWDORJ 'HILQLQJ D JHRGDWDEDVH VFKHPD Desktop GIS: ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo • 43 Ch04_Desktop.pmd 43 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM Geoprocessing with ArcToolbox and ModelBuilder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·OOQHHGDWOHDVWRQH$UF,QIRVHDW $GGLWLRQDOJHRSURFHVVLQJWRROVHWVFRPHZLWKPDQ\RIWKH $UF*,6H[WHQVLRQVVXFKDV$UF*,66SDWLDO$QDO\VWZKLFK LQFOXGHVXSWRUDVWHUPRGHOLQJWRROVDQG$UF*,6 '$QDO\VWZKLFKLQFOXGHVDSSUR[LPDWHO\7,1DQG WHUUDLQDQDO\VLVWRROV$UF*,6*HRVWDWLVWLFDO$QDO\VWDOVR DGGVNULJLQJDQGVXUIDFHLQWHUSRODWLRQWRROV ArcToolbox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• What is ArcGIS? Ch04_Desktop.pmd 44 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM ModelBuilder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esktop GIS: ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo • 45 Ch04_Desktop.pmd 45 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM ArcGlobe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·DELOLW\WR LQWHJUDWHDQGXVHGLVSDUDWH*,6GDWDVHWV,WLVH[SHFWHG WKDW$UF*OREHZLOOEHFRPHDZLGHO\DGRSWHGDSSOLFDWLRQ SODWIRUPRIFKRLFHIRUFRPPRQ*,6ZRUNVXFKDV HGLWLQJVSDWLDOGDWDDQDO\VLVPDSSLQJDQGYLVXDOL]DWLRQ $UHDV RI SRWHQWLDO FRQIOLFW EHWZHHQ KXPDQ SRSXODWLRQV DQG VSHFLHVELRGLYHUVLW\ *OREDO DQDO\VLV RI UHSRUWHG FDVHV DQG GHDWKV IURP 6$56 9LHZ RI GRZQWRZQ &KLFDJR 46 • What is ArcGIS? Ch04_Desktop.pmd 46 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM What are ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo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¶2SWLRQDO H[WHQVLRQVIRU$UF*,6'HVNWRS·ODWHULQWKLVVHFWLRQ Interactive mapping ArcView Hard-copy map design and layout Map-based query and Tools Direct read data formats Geoprocessing framework Customizable application framework Geodatabase definition and administration ArcEditor ArcView ArcInfo ArcView Geodatabase editing and compilation Additional geoprocessing tools ArcEditor ArcInfo Workstation Desktop GIS: ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo • 47 Ch04_Desktop.pmd 47 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM What is ArcView? $UF9LHZLVWKHILUVWRIWKHWKUHHIXQFWLRQDOSURGXFWOHYHOV DWZKLFK\RXFDQXVH$UF*,6'HVNWRS$UF9LHZLVD Interactive mapping ArcView VXLWHRI DSSOLFDWLRQV$UF0DS$UF&DWDORJ$UF7RROER[ DQG0RGHO%XLOGHU$UF9LHZLVDSRZHUIXO*,6WRRONLWIRU GDWDXVHPDSSLQJUHSRUWLQJDQGPDSEDVHGDQDO\VLV • • • • • • • Layer-based map definition Vector layers Image and image catalog layers Terrain and surface layers Web service layers Thematic mapping Labeling • • • • Graphics, text, legends, and scale bars Comprehensive symbol library Graphics metafile generation Large format map printing Map-based query and Tools • • • • • • • Address geocoding Identify Join and relate attribute tables Spatial and attribute selection Graph and report generation Dynamic segmentation Geoprocessing wizard Direct read data formats • • • Shape, CAD, dBase, and image files Microsoft access Multiuser DBMS (Via ArcSDE) including Oracle, SQL Server, and DB2 Geoprocessing framework • • • • Toolbox and dialogs ModelBuilder Scripting Command line • • • • • • Comprehensive object model Tools and toolbars Geoprocessing functions VBA included Extensible with VB, VC++, and .NET ArcObjects ArcMap ap ArcCatalog ArcToolbox ModelBuilder Hard-copy map design and layout Customizable application framework $ OLVW RI VRPH RI WKH NH\ FDSDELOLWLHV LQ $UF9LHZ LV VKRZQ DERYH $UF9LHZ RIIHUV PDQ\ H[FLWLQJ GDWD XVH FDSDELOLWLHV LQFOXGLQJ DGYDQFHG PDS V\PERORJ\ DQG HGLWLQJ WRROV PHWDGDWD PDQDJHPHQW DQG RQWKHIO\ SURMHFWLRQ 48 • What is ArcGIS? Ch04_Desktop.pmd 48 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM What is ArcEditor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³IRU H[DPSOHYHUVLRQPHUJLQJWRROVWRLGHQWLI\DQGUHVROYH FRQIOLFWVSHUIRUPGLVFRQQHFWHGHGLWLQJDQGFRQGXFW KLVWRU\PDQDJHPHQW )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQRQ$UF6'(VHHWKHVHFWLRQ¶:KDW LV$UF6'("·LQ&KDSWHU¶6HUYHU*,6$UF6'($UF,06 DQG$UF*,66HUYHU· Geodatabase definition and administration ArcEditor ArcView ArcMap ArcCatalog ArcToolbox ModelBuilder • • • • • • • • • Multi-user versioned data management Objects and relationships Vector data model Annotation Addresses and geocoding Topology Facilities networks Raster datasets and catalogs ArcGIS data models Geodatabase editing and compilation • • • • • • • CAD-like editing Topology deleting tools Coordinate geometry tools Network editing tools Annotation tools Versioning Check-out and check-in $ OLVW RI VRPH RI WKH NH\ FDSDELOLWLHV RI $UF(GLWRU LV VKRZQ DERYH $UF(GLWRU RIIHUV WKH VDPH FDSDELOLWLHV DV $UF9LHZ EXW DGGV DGYDQFHG HGLWLQJ FDSDELOLWLHV Desktop GIS: ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo • 49 Ch04_Desktop.pmd 49 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM What is ArcInfo? $UF,QIRLVWKHIODJVKLS$UF*,6'HVNWRSSURGXFW,WLVWKH PRVWIXQFWLRQDOO\ULFKFOLHQWLQ$UF*,6'HVNWRS7KHKLJK HQG$UF,QIRSURGXFWSURYLGHVDOOWKHFDSDELOLWLHVRI $UF9LHZDQG$UF(GLWRU,QDGGLWLRQLWLQFOXGHVD FRPSUHKHQVLYHFROOHFWLRQRI WRROVLQ$UF7RROER[WR VXSSRUWDGYDQFHGJHRSURFHVVLQJDQGSRO\JRQSURFHVVLQJ 7KHFODVVLFDOZRUNVWDWLRQDSSOLFDWLRQVDQGFDSDELOLWLHV ArcInfo ArcView ArcEditor FRQWDLQHGLQ$UF,QIR:RUNVWDWLRQVXFKDV$UF$UF3ORW DQG$UF(GLWDUHLQFOXGHGDVZHOO%\DGGLQJDGYDQFHG JHRSURFHVVLQJ$UF,QIRLVDFRPSOHWHV\VWHPIRU*,6GDWD FUHDWLRQXSGDWHTXHU\PDSSLQJDQGDQDO\VLV $Q\RUJDQL]DWLRQUHTXLULQJDFRPSOHWH*,6QHHGVDWOHDVW RQHFRS\RI $UF,QIR Additional geoprocessing tools • • • • • • • • • • • ArcMap ArcCatalog ArcToolbox (full version) ModelBuilder Geodatabase definition and management Vector analysis Data conversion Coverage geoprocessing Geocoding Data management Linear referencing Data conversion Raster management Table management Coordinate management ArcInfo Workstation $ OLVW RI VRPH RI WKH NH\ $UF,QIR FDSDELOLWLHV LV VKRZQ DERYH $UF,QIR SURYLGHV DOO WKH FDSDELOLWLHV RI $UF9LHZ DQG $UF(GLWRU DV ZHOO DV DGGLWLRQDO DGYDQFHG JHRSURFHVVLQJ IXQFWLRQDOLW\ 7KH $UF,QIR YHUVLRQ RI $UF7RROER[ LV LPSRUWDQW IRU VLWHV WKDW EXLOG DQG FUHDWH VSDWLDO GDWDEDVHV 50 • What is ArcGIS? Ch04_Desktop.pmd 50 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM Optional extensions for ArcGIS Desktop 0DQ\RSWLRQDOH[WHQVLRQVDUHDYDLODEOHIRU$UF*,6 'HVNWRS([WHQVLRQVDOORZ\RXWRSHUIRUPWDVNVVXFKDV ArcGIS Spatial Analyst ArcGIS 3D Analyst • Advanced raster and vector spatial modeling • ArcGrid™ Map Algebra • ArcScene™: Real-time interactive 3D scenes • Scene views in ArcCatalog • 3D modeling tools • ArcTIN™ tools UDVWHUJHRSURFHVVLQJDQGWKUHHGLPHQVLRQDODQDO\VLV$OO H[WHQVLRQVFDQEHXVHGE\HDFKSURGXFW³$UF9LHZ $UF(GLWRUDQG$UF,QIR ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst ArcGIS Tracking Analyst • Database-driven schematic rendering and display ArcGIS • Schematic views of GIS Schematics networks and tabular information ArcGIS • Multiple schematic Publisher representations ArcGIS Data • Directly reads, transforms, and exports data formats Interopera• Tools for data transformation bility and use Extension ArcPress for ArcGIS • Advanced kriging and surface modeling • Exploratory spatial data analysis tools • Probability, threshold, and error mapping • Time-based map display and rendering • Playback tools (Play, Pause, Forward, Rewind) • Work with any time-based data (for example, features that move/change or whose values change through time) • Publishes ArcMap documents as PMFs for use with free ArcReader seats • Also used with the ArcMap Server extension to ArcIMS • Advanced map printing • Advanced label placement and conflict detection for high-end cartographic production • Greatly simplifies the laborintensive placement of map text Maplex for ArcGIS • Comprehensive survey ArcGIS information management using Survey the geodatabase Analyst • Advanced survey computation • Address matching and routing • Improved GIS data accuracy ArcGIS on StreetMap data options via links to survey locations StreetMap™ • Includes StreetMap USA Data from ESRI ArcScan™ • Integrated raster-vector editing for ArcGIS • Vectorizing features from raster ArcWebSM • Toolbar in ArcMap • Raster snapping • Provides subscriptions to Services Internet-based data Desktop GIS: ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo • 51 Ch04_Desktop.pmd 51 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM ArcGIS Spatial Analyst $UF*,66SDWLDO$QDO\VWSURYLGHVDEURDGUDQJHRI SRZHUIXOUDVWHUPRGHOLQJDQGDQDO\VLVIHDWXUHVWKDWDOORZ \RXWRFUHDWHTXHU\PDSDQGDQDO\]HFHOOEDVHGUDVWHU GDWD$UF*,66SDWLDO$QDO\VWDOVRDOORZV\RXWRSHUIRUP LQWHJUDWHGUDVWHU²YHFWRUDQDO\VLV8VLQJ$UF*,66SDWLDO $QDO\VW\RXFDQGHULYHLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW\RXUGDWD LGHQWLI\VSDWLDOUHODWLRQVKLSVILQGVXLWDEOHORFDWLRQVDQG FDOFXODWHWKHDFFXPXODWHGFRVWRIWUDYHOLQJIURPRQHSRLQW WRDQRWKHU $UF*,66SDWLDO$QDO\VWSURYLGHVDNH\WRROER[ZKHQXVHG ZLWKWKHJHRSURFHVVLQJIUDPHZRUNLQ$UF*,6'HVNWRS 5DVWHU DOJHEUD DQG PRGHOLQJ 5DVWHU JHRSURFHVVLQJ DQG PRGHOLQJ XVLQJ $UF7RROER[ DQG 0RGHO%XLOGHU 52 • What is ArcGIS? Ch04_Desktop.pmd 52 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM ArcGIS 3D Analyst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²ILOOOLQHRIVLJKW DQGWHUUDLQPRGHOLQJ $UF*,6 ' $QDO\VW LQFOXGHV WKUHHGLPHQVLRQDO YLVXDOL]DWLRQ DQG WHUUDLQ PRGHOLQJ FDSDELOLWLHV $Q H[DPSOH RI 7,1 DQDO\VLV XVLQJ JHRSURFHVVLQJ $UF*,6 ' $QDO\VW RIIHUV DQLPDWLRQ WRROV DQG IXQFWLRQDOLW\ 7KLV H[DPSOH VKRZV D PRYLH ILOH LQFOXGLQJ DQLPDWLRQ FUHDWHG LQ $UF*OREH Desktop GIS: ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo • 53 Ch04_Desktop.pmd 53 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM ArcGIS Schematics $UF*,66FKHPDWLFVJHQHUDWHVGDWDEDVHGULYHQVFKHPDWLF DQGJHRVFKHPDWLFJUDSKLFDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQV:KHWKHU HOHFWULFDOJDVWHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQVRUWDEXODUQHWZRUNV $UF*,66FKHPDWLFVJHQHUDWHVRQGHPDQGQHWZRUNJUDSKV DQGVFKHPDWLFV $VFKHPDWLFLVDYLHZRIDQ\*,6QHWZRUN7KLVH[WHQVLRQ HQDEOHV\RXWRGUDZPDQ\JUDSKLFDOYLHZVRIDQHWZRUN VWUXFWXUHDQGSODFHVFKHPDWLFYLHZVLQGRFXPHQWVDQG PDSV 6RPH H[DPSOHV RI $UF*,6 6FKHPDWLFV IRU HOHFWULF DQG ZDWHU QHWZRUNV 54 • What is ArcGIS? Ch04_Desktop.pmd 54 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM ArcGIS Data Interoperability extension :LWKWKH$UF*,6'DWD,QWHURSHUDELOLW\H[WHQVLRQXVHUV ZLOOEHDEOHWR 7KH$UF*,6'DWD,QWHURSHUDELOLW\H[WHQVLRQDGGVWKH DELOLW\WRGLUHFWO\UHDGDQGHPSOR\PRUHWKDQFRPPRQ *,6YHFWRUGDWDIRUPDWVLQFOXGLQJPDQ\RIWKHHPHUJLQJ *0/VSHFLILFDWLRQV,QDGGLWLRQ\RXFDQGHOLYHU\RXU*,6 GDWDLQDYDULHW\RIIRUPDWV)RUH[DPSOHGDWDVRXUFHV VXFKDV6QDXWLFDOGDWDVHWVDGYDQFHGFRPSXWHUDLGHG GHVLJQ&$'GDWDVHWVZLWKH[WHQGHGHQWLW\DWWULEXWHV 0DS,QIRGDWDVHWVDQG8.2UGQDQFH6XUYH\·V0DVWHU0DS *0/ILOHVFDQEHDFFHVVHGGLVSOD\HGDQGXVHGGLUHFWO\LQ $UF*,67KLVH[WHQVLRQIRUPXODWHVWKHGHOLYHU\RI*,6 GDWDWRRWKHUVLQDYDULHW\RIH[SRUWYHFWRUGDWDIRUPDWV PRUHWKDQVXSSRUWHGIRUPDWV $GGVXSSRUWIRUPDQ\*,6GDWDIRUPDWVIRUGLUHFWXVH ZLWKLQ$UF*,6IRUH[DPSOHIRUXVHLQ$UF0DS $UF&DWDORJDQGJHRSURFHVVLQJ 7KH'DWD,QWHURSHUDELOLW\H[WHQVLRQDOVRSURYLGHVDVHULHV RIGDWDWUDQVIRUPDWLRQWRROVWREXLOGFRQYHUWHUVIRUPRUH FRPSOH[YHFWRUGDWDIRUPDWV ([SRUWDQ\IHDWXUHFODVVWRPRUHWKDQRXWSXW IRUPDWVIRUH[DPSOHH[SRUWWR*0/DQGFUHDWH DGYDQFHGWUDQVODWRUVIRUFXVWRPRXWSXWIRUPDWV 7KH$UF*,6'DWD,QWHURSHUDELOLW\H[WHQVLRQZDV GHYHORSHGFROODERUDWLYHO\E\(65,DQG6DIH6RIWZDUHWKH OHDGLQJ*,6LQWHURSHUDELOLW\YHQGRUDQGLVEDVHGXSRQ 6DIH6RIWZDUH·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esktop GIS: ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo • 55 Ch04_Desktop.pmd 55 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM ArcGIS Survey Analyst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• What is ArcGIS? Ch04_Desktop.pmd 56 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM ArcScan for ArcGIS $UF6FDQIRU$UF*,6DGGVUDVWHUHGLWLQJDQGVFDQGLJLWL]LQJ FDSDELOLWLHVWRWKHHGLWLQJFDSDELOLWLHVLQ$UF(GLWRUDQG $UF,QIR,WLVXVHGWRJHQHUDWHGDWDIURPVFDQQHGYHFWRU PDSVDQGPDQXVFULSWV,WVLPSOLILHVWKHGDWDFDSWXUHZRUN IORZRIHGLWLQJZRUNVWDWLRQVXVLQJ$UF*,6 8VLQJ$UF6FDQIRU$UF*,6\RXFDQSHUIRUPUDVWHUWR YHFWRUFRQYHUVLRQWDVNVLQFOXGLQJUDVWHUHGLWLQJUDVWHU VQDSSLQJPDQXDOUDVWHUWUDFLQJDQGEDWFKYHFWRUL]DWLRQ Floor plans Soil maps 7KLV ZRUN IORZ WRS WR ERWWRP VKRZV YHFWRUL]DWLRQ H[DPSOHV RI IORRU SODQV DQG VRLO PDSV 5HVXOWV ZHUH DFKLHYHG WKURXJK D FRPELQDWLRQ RI UDVWHU FOHDQXS EDWFK YHFWRUL]DWLRQ UDVWHU VQDSSLQJ DQG DGYDQFHG HGLWLQJ Desktop GIS: ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo • 57 Ch04_Desktop.pmd 57 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst $UF*,6*HRVWDWLVWLFDO$QDO\VWSURYLGHVVWDWLVWLFDOWRROVIRU DQDO\]LQJDQGPDSSLQJFRQWLQXRXVGDWDDQGIRUVXUIDFH JHQHUDWLRQ([SORUDWRU\VSDWLDOGDWDDQDO\VLVWRROVSURYLGH GLIIHUHQWLQVLJKWVDERXWWKHGDWDLWVGLVWULEXWLRQJOREDO DQGORFDORXWOLHUVJOREDOWUHQGVOHYHORIVSDWLDO DXWRFRUUHODWLRQDQGYDULDWLRQDPRQJPXOWLSOHGDWDVHWV 7KH$UF*,6*HRVWDWLVWLFDO$QDO\VWH[WHQVLRQ·VSUHGLFWLRQV FDQDOVRPHDVXUHXQFHUWDLQW\DVVRFLDWHGZLWKSUHGLFWLRQV DOORZLQJ\RXWRDQVZHUTXHVWLRQVVXFKDV:KDWLVWKH SUREDELOLW\WKDWWKHR]RQHOHYHOVH[FHHGWKH (QYLURQPHQWDO3URWHFWLRQ$JHQF\(3$VWDQGDUGDWWKH VSHFLILHGORFDWLRQ" :LWK $UF*,6 *HRVWDWLVWLFDO $QDO\VW \RX FDQ TXLFNO\ DQG HDVLO\ JHQHUDWH VXPPDU\ VWDWLVWLFV DQDO\]H WUHQGV DQG JUDSKLFDOO\ UHSUHVHQWVWDWLVWLFDO GDWD IRU VXUIDFH HVWLPDWLRQ 58 • What is ArcGIS? Ch04_Desktop.pmd 58 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM ArcGIS Tracking Analyst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esktop GIS: ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo • 59 Ch04_Desktop.pmd 59 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM ArcGIS Publisher and ArcReader $UF*,63XEOLVKHULVDQH[WHQVLRQXVHGWRSXEOLVKGDWD DQGPDSVDXWKRUHGXVLQJ$UF*,6'HVNWRS$UF*,6 3XEOLVKHUHQDEOHVWKHFUHDWLRQRIDSXEOLVKHGPDSILOH 30)IRUPDWIRUDQ\$UF0DSGRFXPHQW30)VDUHXVHG LQWKHIUHH$UF5HDGHUDSSOLFDWLRQDQGDOORZ\RXWRIUHHO\ VKDUH\RXU$UF0DSGRFXPHQWVZLWKDQ\QXPEHURIXVHUV 7KH30)IRUPDWFDQDOVREHXVHGWRGHSOR\PDSVRYHU WKH:HEWKURXJK$UF,06DQG$UF*,66HUYHU <RXFDQRSWLRQDOO\SXEOLVKFRPSUHVVHGGDWDWKDW·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• What is ArcGIS? Ch04_Desktop.pmd 60 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM ArcPress for ArcGIS $UF3UHVVLVWKHPDSSULQWLQJH[WHQVLRQIRU$UF9LHZ $UF(GLWRUDQG$UF,QIR$V(65,·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rcGIS with ArcPress for ArcGIS $GYDQFHG PDS SULQWLQJ XVLQJ $UF3UHVV IRU $UF*,6 Desktop GIS: ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo • 61 Ch04_Desktop.pmd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aplex for ArcGIS 62 • What is ArcGIS? Ch04_Desktop.pmd 62 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM ArcGIS StreetMap 7KH$UF*,66WUHHW0DS H[WHQVLRQSURYLGHVVWUHHWOHYHO PDSSLQJDQGDGGUHVVPDWFKLQJIRUHQWLUHFRXQWULHV 6WUHHW0DSOD\HUVDXWRPDWLFDOO\PDQDJHODEHODQGGUDZ IHDWXUHVVXFKDVORFDOODQGPDUNVVWUHHWVSDUNVZDWHU ERGLHVDQGRWKHUIHDWXUHVDWPDQ\PDSVFDOHVDQGOHYHOV RIUHVROXWLRQ7KH$UF*,66WUHHW0DSH[WHQVLRQFDQILQG QHDUO\DQ\DGGUHVVLQHDFKFRXQWU\E\LQWHUDFWLYHO\ PDWFKLQJDVLQJOHDGGUHVVRUE\EDWFKPDWFKLQJIURPDILOH RIDGGUHVVHV$OOWKHGDWDFRPHVFRPSUHVVHGRQDVPDOOVHW RI &'²520V $UF*,6 6WUHHW0DS Desktop GIS: ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo • 63 Ch04_Desktop.pmd 63 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM Ch04_Desktop.pmd 64 3/5/2004, 6:26 PM 5 Ser ver GIS: Serv Ar cSDE, Ar cIMS, ArcSDE, ArcIMS, and Ar cGIS ArcGIS Ser ver Serv 65 Ch05_Server.pmd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• What is ArcGIS? Ch05_Server.pmd 66 3/5/2004, 6:27 PM TYPES OF SERVER GIS $UF*,6RIIHUVWKUHHVHUYHUSURGXFWV$UF6'($UF,06 DQG$UF*,66HUYHU $UF6'(LVDQDGYDQFHGVSDWLDOGDWDVHUYHUSURYLGLQJD JDWHZD\IRUVWRULQJPDQDJLQJDQGXVLQJVSDWLDOGDWDLQD '%06IRUDQ\FOLHQWDSSOLFDWLRQ³IRUH[DPSOH$UF,06RU $UF*,6'HVNWRS $UF,06LVDVFDODEOH,QWHUQHW0DS6HUYHU,WLVZLGHO\XVHG IRU*,6:HESXEOLVKLQJWRGHOLYHUPDSVGDWDDQG Server GIS Functionality Multiuser data management in DBMS Multitier, configurable GIS data server GIS Web publishing: -Maps -Data -Metadata (XML-based services) HTML mapping application Java mapping application ASP and JSP Connector for Developers Metadata catalog management and search Support for Web interoperability Data interoperability tools Web application development framework for .NET, ASP, and Java JSP Data access and update API Server-based GIS editing Distributed data management -Download/Upload -Extract/Insert -Replication GIS analysis in a central server Comprehensive ArcObjects library for enterprise and Web developers SOAP-based GIS Web services Raster analysis tools Terrain/3D tools PHWDGDWDWRPDQ\XVHUVRQWKH:HE)RUH[DPSOH$UF,06 SURYLGHVEURZVHUEDVHGDFFHVVWRPDQ\*,6FDWDORJSRUWDOV WKDWHQDEOHXVHUVWRSXEOLVKDQGVKDUHJHRJUDSKLF NQRZOHGJHZLWKRWKHUXVHUV $UF*,66HUYHULVDFRPSUHKHQVLYH*,6WRRONLWIRU HQWHUSULVHDQG:HEDSSOLFDWLRQGHYHORSHUV,WLVXVHGWR EXLOGGLVWULEXWHGDQGPXOWLWLHUHQWHUSULVHLQIRUPDWLRQ V\VWHPFRQILJXUDWLRQV ArcSDE ArcIMS ArcGIS Server X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 6HUYHU *,6 IXQFWLRQDOLW\ LQ WKH WKUHH $UF*,6 6HUYHU SURGXFWV Server GIS: ArcSDE, ArcIMS, and ArcGIS Server • 67 Ch05_Server.pmd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rcSDE capabilities High performance DBMS gateway ArcSDE is a gateway to many DBMSs. It is not a relational database or a storage model. Instead, it is an interface that supports advanced, high performance GIS data management on a number of DBMS platforms. Open DBMS support ArcSDE allows you to manage geographic information in a number of DBMSs: Oracle, Oracle with Spatial or Locator, Microsoft SQL Server, Informix, and IBM DB2. Multiuser ArcSDE enables large geodatabase support for many users and supports multiuser editing. Continuous, scalable databases GIS workflows and long transactions ArcSDE can support massive geodatabases and any number of users up to the DBMS limits. Data management work flows in GIS, such as multiuser editing, history, check-out/check-in, and loosely coupled replication, rely on long transactions and versioning. ArcSDE provides this support across the DBMS. Comprehensive geographic information modeling ArcSDE ensures high integrity data storage of feature and raster geometries in the DBMS, including well-formed feature and raster geometries, support for x,y,z and x,y,z,m coordinates, curves, solids, multirow rasters, topologies, networks, annotation, metadata, geoprocessing models, maps, layers, and so on. The ArcSDE gateway logic supports several multitier configuration options for application servers within client applications and across networks and computers. ArcSDE is supported for a broad range of Windows, UNIX, and Linux operating systems. Flexible configuration $UF6'( SOD\V DQ LPSRUWDQW UROH LQ D PXOWLXVHU *,6 E\ SURYLGLQJ D QXPEHU RI IXQGDPHQWDO FDSDELOLWLHV Tier 1 ArcGIS Desktop ArcView Tier 2 ArcGIS Desktop ArcView ArcIMS Server ArcSDE Tier 3 Database $UF6'(DFWVDVWKHJDWHZD\EHWZHHQ$UF*,6DQG\RXUUHODWLRQDOGDWDEDVHDQGLWFDQEHFRQILJXUHGLQPDQ\ZD\V 68 • What is ArcGIS? Ch05_Server.pmd 68 3/5/2004, 6:27 PM WHY USE ARCSDE? $UF6'(HQDEOHVWKHVDPHFDSDELOLWLHVRQDOO'%06V $OWKRXJKDOOUHODWLRQDOGDWDEDVHYHQGRUVVXSSRUW64/DQG ZLOOSURFHVVVLPSOH64/LQVLPLODUZD\VWKHUHDUH VLJQLILFDQWGLIIHUHQFHVDPRQJGDWDEDVHYHQGRUVLQWKH GHWDLOVRIWKHLUGDWDEDVHVHUYHULPSOHPHQWDWLRQ7KHVH UHODWHWRSHUIRUPDQFHDQGLQGH[LQJWKHVXSSRUWHGGDWD W\SHVWKHLQWHJULW\PDQDJHPHQWWRROVDQGWKHH[HFXWLRQ RIFRPSOH[TXHULHV7KHVHDOVRUHODWHWRVXSSRUWIRUVSDWLDO W\SHVLQWKH'%06 6WDQGDUG64/GRHVQRWVXSSRUWVSDWLDOGDWD7KH,62 64/006SDWLDODQG2*&·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rcSDE shares responsibilities between the DBMS and GIS 5HVSRQVLELOLW\IRUPDQDJHPHQWRIJHRJUDSKLFGDWDVHWVLV VKDUHGEHWZHHQ*,6VRIWZDUHDQGJHQHULF'%06 VRIWZDUH&HUWDLQDVSHFWVRIJHRJUDSKLFGDWDVHW PDQDJHPHQWVXFKDVGLVNEDVHGVWRUDJHGHILQLWLRQRI DWWULEXWHW\SHVDVVRFLDWLYHTXHU\SURFHVVLQJDQGPXOWLXVHU WUDQVDFWLRQSURFHVVLQJDUHGHOHJDWHGWRWKH'%066RPH '%06HQJLQHVKDYHEHHQH[WHQGHGZLWKVXSSRUWIRU VSDWLDOW\SHVZLWKDVVRFLDWHGLQGH[LQJDQGVHDUFK IXQFWLRQDOLW\ 7KH*,6DSSOLFDWLRQUHWDLQVUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUGHILQLQJWKH VSHFLILF'%06VFKHPDXVHGWRUHSUHVHQWYDULRXV JHRJUDSKLFGDWDVHWVDQGIRUGRPDLQVSHFLILFORJLFZKLFK PDLQWDLQVWKHLQWHJULW\DQGXWLOLW\RIWKHXQGHUO\LQJ UHFRUGV,QHIIHFWWKH'%06LVXVHGDVDQLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ PHFKDQLVPIRUJHRJUDSKLFGDWDVHWV $UF6'(LVEDVHGRQDPXOWLWLHUDUFKLWHFWXUHDSSOLFDWLRQ DQGVWRUDJHZKHUHDVSHFWVUHODWHGWRGDWDVWRUDJHDQG UHWULHYDODUHLPSOHPHQWHGLQWKHVWRUDJH'%06WLHUDQG KLJKOHYHOGDWDLQWHJULW\DQGLQIRUPDWLRQSURFHVVLQJ IXQFWLRQVDUHUHWDLQHGLQWKHDSSOLFDWLRQDQGGRPDLQ VRIWZDUH $UF*,6 $UF6'(VXSSRUWVWKH$UF*,6DSSOLFDWLRQWLHUDQG SURYLGHV'%06JDWHZD\WHFKQRORJ\HQDEOLQJVXSSRUWIRU JHRGDWDEDVHVWRUDJHLQQXPHURXV'%06V$UF6'(LVXVHG IRUHIILFLHQWO\VWRULQJLQGH[LQJDQGDFFHVVLQJYHFWRU UDVWHUVXUYH\PHWDGDWDDQGRWKHUVSDWLDOGDWDPDLQWDLQHG LQWKH'%06 $UF6'(DOVRHQVXUHVWKDWIXOO*,6IXQFWLRQDOLW\LV DYDLODEOHUHJDUGOHVVRIWKHFDSDELOLWLHVLQWKHXQGHUO\LQJ '%06DQGDSSOLHVWKLVORJLFFRQVLVWHQWO\DFURVVDOO '%06V8VHUVFDQH[SHFWWKDWFRUHXQGHUO\LQJ'%06 WHFKQRORJ\ZLOOEHVXIILFLHQWIRUPDQDJLQJWKHLUJHRGDWD UHVRXUFHV $UF6'(PDQDJHVWKHXQGHUO\LQJJHRPHWU\VWRUDJHLQ '%06WDEOHVXVLQJHDFK'%06·VVXSSRUWHGGDWDW\SHV ZKLFKDUHDFFHVVLEOHWKURXJK64/LQWKH'%06 $UF6'(DOVRSURYLGHVDQRSHQO\SXEOLVKHG$UF6'(FOLHQW OLEUDU\HQDEOLQJFRPSOHWHDFFHVVWRWKHXQGHUO\LQJVSDWLDO WDEOHVIRUFXVWRPDSSOLFDWLRQV7KHDSSOLFDWLRQ SURJUDPPLQJLQWHUIDFH$3,LVDYDLODEOHIRUERWK&DQG -DYD Server GIS: ArcSDE, ArcIMS, and ArcGIS Server • 69 Ch05_Server.pmd 69 3/5/2004, 6:27 PM 7KLVIOH[LELOLW\PHDQVDQRSHQVFDODEOHVROXWLRQPRUH FKRLFHVIRUXVHUVDQGEHWWHULQWHURSHUDELOLW\ ArcSDE Advantages · High performance · Extremely large data volumes · Integrated long transactions and versions · Supports all GIS data (vector, raster, survey, terrains, metadata and others) · Supports leading RDBMS’s consistently · Scales to many users and databases Fit GIS into a coherent IT strategy 0DQ\*,6XVHUVUHTXLUHWKDWWKHLU*,6ILWVLQWRDFRKHUHQW LQIRUPDWLRQWHFKQRORJ\VWUDWHJ\IRUWKHLURUJDQL]DWLRQ 6LPSO\SXWWKHLU*,6PXVWDGKHUHWR,7VWDQGDUGVWKH*,6 GDWDVKRXOGEHPDQDJHGDVDQLQWHJUDOSDUWRIWKH RUJDQL]DWLRQ·VGDWDKROGLQJVWKHGDWDPXVWEHVHFXUHDQG DFFHVVWRWKLVGDWDPXVWEHFRQWUROOHG\HWLWVKRXOGEHRSHQ DQGHDV\DVZHOO7KHVHDUHVWDQGDUGDGYDQWDJHVRI'%06 WKDW*,6XVHUVQHHG7KHPDLQUROHRI$UF6'(DQGWKH JHRGDWDEDVHLVWRPDQDJHWKHLQWHJUDWLRQEHWZHHQWKH*,6 DQG'%06 Grow your GIS *HRGDWDEDVHVFDQVFDOHIURPVPDOOVLQJOHXVHUGDWDEDVHVWR ODUJHHQWHUSULVHZLGHPXOWLXVHUGDWDEDVHV7KHSULPDU\UROH RI$UF6'(LVWRHQDEOH\RXUJHRGDWDEDVHWREHVKDUHGE\ PDQ\XVHUVDFURVVDQ\QHWZRUNHQDEOHDQ\QXPEHURIXVHUV WRHGLWDQGXVHWKH*,6GDWDVHWVDQGVFDOHWKHJHRGDWDEDVH VL]HWRDQ\OHYHOQHFHVVDU\WRPHHW\RXUUHTXLUHPHQWV 70 • What is ArcGIS? Ch05_Server.pmd 70 3/5/2004, 6:27 PM SPATIAL GEOMETRY STORAGE $UF6'(GRHVQRWKLQJH[RWLFLQWKH'%06IRUGDWD PDQDJHPHQW,WWDNHVIXOODGYDQWDJHRIJHQHULF'%06 FDSDELOLWLHVDQG64/GDWDW\SHV $UF6'(HQDEOHVDFFHVVWRPDQ\'%06VPDQDJHVGDWDLQ WKHVHWRIVWDQGDUG64/W\SHVVXSSRUWHGLQHDFK'%06DQG VXSSRUWVDOOVSDWLDOGDWDLQFOXGLQJIHDWXUHVUDVWHUV DBMS SQL Server IBM DB2 Informix Geometry Storage ArcSDE Compressed Binary WRSRORJLHVQHWZRUNVWHUUDLQVVXUYH\VWDEXODULQIRUPDWLRQ DQGORFDWLRQGDWDVXFKDVDGGUHVVHVPRGHOVDQGPHWDGDWD UHJDUGOHVVRIWKHXQGHUO\LQJ'%06 $UF6'(XVHVWKHVXSSOLHG64/W\SHVIRUGDWDVWRUDJHDQG IXOO\VXSSRUWVH[WHQGHGVSDWLDOW\SHVIRU64/ZKHQWKH XQGHUO\LQJ'%06VXSSRUWVWKHP%LQDU\ODUJHREMHFWW\SHV DUHXVHGLIWKH'%06GRHVQRWVXSSRUWH[WHQGHGVSDWLDO W\SHV RDBMS Column Type Image Notes Microsoft SQL Server does not support extended data types for spatial. However, their binary type, called an Image column, fully manages the complex binary data streams, as required for complex line and polygon features found in typical and advanced GIS applications. SQL Server's binary types have proven to be as robust, scalable, and high performing as the other enterprise RDBMSs. OGC Well-Known Image Binary OGC Simple Features Type. Spatial Extender— ST_Geometry 1 Geometry Object Spatial Database— ST_Geometry Geometry Object Both of IBM's RDBMS offerings, DB2 and Informix, utilize extended spatial types for managing vector geometry. These were built in concert with ESRI and are based on the ISO SQL MM specification for spatial. Numerous Options: Oracle 1. ArcSDE Compressed Binary Long Raw This ArcSDE storage mechanism is used by default, and it is the most commonly used data storage mechanism. It provides high performance, scalability, and reliability. 2. LOB LOB Some users deploy LOBs to use Oracle Replication Services. 3. OGC WellKnown Binary LOB OGC Simple Features Type. SDO_Geometry 1 In addition to using the ArcSDE compressed binary or LOB types, Oracle Spatial customers can optionally use the SDO_Geometry column type. Users can make this decision on a table-by-table basis, enabling them to use the best option for each individual dataset. Oracle With Spatial Option Oracle Spatial or the Geometry Type Locator Option 67B*HRPHWU\ DQG 6'2B*HRPHWU\ DFWXDOO\ UHIHU WR D FROOHFWLRQ RI W\SHV IRU SRLQWV OLQHV DQG SRO\JRQV Server GIS: ArcSDE, ArcIMS, and ArcGIS Server • 71 Ch05_Server.pmd 71 3/5/2004, 6:27 PM Access to multiple GIS datasets *,6GDWDPDQDJHPHQWDQGFRPSLODWLRQUHTXLUHVPRUHWKDQD VLQJOHODUJHHQWHUSULVHGDWDEDVH$PDMRUUHTXLUHPHQWLQDQ\ *,6LVWKHDELOLW\WRVLPXOWDQHRXVO\DFFHVVPDQ\GDWDEDVHV DQGILOHVLQPDQ\IRUPDWV'%06VDQGQHWZRUNV$UF6'( KHOSVPHHWWKLVNH\*,6UHTXLUHPHQWE\QRWW\LQJXVHUVWRD VLQJOH'%06RUGDWDPDQDJHPHQWVROXWLRQ Fundamental technology for multiuser geodatabases $UF6'(LVWKHJDWHZD\WKDWHQDEOHVWKHJHRGDWDEDVH DSSOLFDWLRQORJLFWRRSHUDWHRQJHRGDWDEDVHVWKDWFDQEH SHUVLVWHGLQUHODWLRQDOGDWDEDVHV7KHJHRGDWDEDVHVRIWZDUH SURYLGHVDGYDQFHGEHKDYLRUDQGLQWHJULW\ZKLOH$UF6'( HQDEOHVHIILFLHQWVWRUDJHDQGDFFHVVLQQXPHURXVDOWHUQDWH '%06DUFKLWHFWXUHV 72 • What is ArcGIS? Ch05_Server.pmd 72 3/5/2004, 6:27 PM WHAT IS ARCIMS? 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Ch05_Server.pmd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erver GIS: ArcSDE, ArcIMS, and ArcGIS Server • 79 Ch05_Server.pmd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• What is ArcGIS? Ch05_Server.pmd 80 3/5/2004, 6:27 PM WHY USE ARCGIS S ERVER? $UF*,66HUYHULVDFHQWUDOO\PDQDJHG*,6IRUDGYDQFHG *,6DSSOLFDWLRQV,WHQDEOHVGHYHORSHUVDQGV\VWHP GHVLJQHUVWRLPSOHPHQWDFHQWUDO*,6WKDWFDQEHDFFHVVHG E\PXOWLSOHXVHUV&HQWUDOL]LQJ*,6DSSOLFDWLRQVVXFKDV :HEDSSOLFDWLRQVFDQUHGXFHWKHFRVWVRI LQVWDOOLQJDQG DGPLQLVWHULQJGHVNWRSDSSOLFDWLRQVRQHDFKXVHU·VPDFKLQH 7KHDELOLW\RI $UF*,66HUYHUWROHYHUDJH:HEVHUYLFHVLV LPSRUWDQWIRULQWHJUDWLQJ*,6ZLWKRWKHU,7V\VWHPVVXFK DVUHODWLRQDOGDWDEDVHV:HEVHUYHUVDQGHQWHUSULVH DSSOLFDWLRQVVHUYHUV $FHQWUDO*,6VHUYHUFDQGHOLYHU*,6DFFHVVWRXVHUVWKURXJKWKHLU:HEEURZVHUVVLPSOLI\LQJV\VWHPVDQGDSSOLFDWLRQDGPLQLVWUDWLRQDQGORZHULQJFRVWV Server GIS: ArcSDE, ArcIMS, and ArcGIS Server • 81 Ch05_Server.pmd 81 3/5/2004, 6:27 PM HOW IS ARCGIS SERVER USED? $UF*,66HUYHUSURYLGHV\RXZLWKEURZVHUEDVHGDFFHVVWR *,6FHQWUDOPXOWLXVHUJHRGDWDEDVHHGLWLQJGLVWULEXWHG GDWDPDQDJHPHQWIRFXVHGJHRSURFHVVLQJRSHUDWLRQVRQD VHUYHUWKHDELOLW\WRSXEOLVK*,6:HEVHUYLFHVDQGWKH LQWHJUDWLRQRI *,6DQG,7 $UF*,66HUYHUSURYLGHVWKHIUDPHZRUNWRHQVXUHWKDW WKHVHUHPRWHHGLWRUVFDQPDNHWKHLUXSGDWHVGLUHFWO\WRWKH PXOWLXVHUJHRGDWDEDVHZKLOHPDLQWDLQLQJGDWDLQWHJULW\ Browser-based access to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roviding central, multiuser geodatabase editing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istributing data management using versioned enterprise geodatabases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·V FRQWHQWV 82 • What is ArcGIS? 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J., Goodchild, M., et al. (2003) “Developing an Infrastructure for Sharing Environmental Models” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 2003, volume 30(4) July, pages 487 – 501 Crosier, S. J. (2001) "Defining Space - A Metadata Approach" Of Significance 2001, Volume 3(2) pages 26 – 31 Hill, L. L., S. J. Crosier, et al. (2001). A Content Standard for Computational Models. D-Lib Magazine. 7. (Available: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june01/ hill/06hill.html) 'RFXPHQWVGHVFULELQJWKHRWKHUHOHPHQWV³DGRFXPHQW FDWDORJHQDEOLQJXVHUVWRRUJDQL]HGLVFRYHUDQGJDLQ DFFHVVWRVKDUHGJHRJUDSKLFNQRZOHGJH Future GIS trends • 105 Ch08_Vision_of_GIS.pmd 105 3/5/2004, 6:29 PM 7KHVHILYHHOHPHQWVDORQJZLWKFRPSUHKHQVLYH*,6 VRIWZDUHORJLFIRUPWKHEXLOGLQJEORFNVIRUDVVHPEOLQJ LQWHOOLJHQWJHRJUDSKLFLQIRUPDWLRQV\VWHPV,QWHOOLJHQW*,6 PDNHVLWSRVVLEOHWRGLJLWDOO\HQFDSVXODWHJHRJUDSKLF NQRZOHGJH7KHVHHOHPHQWVSURYLGHDIRXQGDWLRQIRU DGGUHVVLQJPDQ\FKDOOHQJHVXVLQJ*,6IRUH[DPSOH LPSURYHPHQWVLQHIILFLHQF\LQWHOOLJHQWDQGLQIRUPHG GHFLVLRQPDNLQJVFLHQFHEDVHGSODQQLQJUHVRXUFH DFFRXQWLQJ HYDOXDWLRQ DQG FRPPXQLFDWLRQ GIS Software Crosier, S. J., Goodchild, M., et al. (2003) “Developing an Infrastructure for Sharing Environmental Models” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 2003, volume 30(4) July, pages 487 – 501 Crosier, S. J. (2001) "Defining Space - A Metadata Approach" Of Significance 2001, Volume 3(2) pages 26 – 31 Data Models Hill, L. L., S. J. Crosier, et al. (2001). A Content Standard for Computational Models. D-Lib Magazine. 7. (Available: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june01/ hill/06hill.html) Metadata Globes Geodata Sets *,6 DEVWUDFWV JHRJUDSK\ LQWR ILYH EDVLF HOHPHQWV XVHG IRU UHSUHVHQWLQJ JHRJUDSKLF NQRZOHGJH 7KHVH HOHPHQWV DORQJ ZLWK DGYDQFHG VRIWZDUH SURYLGH WKH EXLOGLQJ EORFNVIRULQWHOOLJHQW*,6 ,QWHOOLJHQW*,6ZLOOHQDEOHWKHFDSWXUHDQGVKDULQJRI JHRJUDSKLFNQRZOHGJHLQPDQ\IRUPV³DVDGYDQFHG*,6 GDWDVHWVPDSVGDWDPRGHOVWKHH[SHUWLVHRISURIHVVLRQDOV ZKRKDYHGHYHORSHGVWDQGDUGL]HGZRUNIORZVDQG DGYDQFHGPRGHOVRIJHRJUDSKLFSURFHVVHV,QWHOOLJHQW*,6 ZLOODOVRHQDEOHWKHEXLOGLQJDQGPDQDJHPHQWRI NQRZOHGJHUHSRVLWRULHVWKDWFDQEHSXEOLVKHGIRURWKHUVWR XVH $UF*,6DQGWKHJHRGDWDEDVHZHUHHQJLQHHUHGWRVXSSRUW WKLVNQRZOHGJHEDVHGDSSURDFK7KH\HQDEOHWKHFUHDWLRQ XVHPDQDJHPHQWDQGVKDULQJRIDOOILYHJHRJUDSKLF NQRZOHGJH HOHPHQWV 106 • What is ArcGIS? Ch08_Vision_of_GIS.pmd 106 3/5/2004, 6:29 PM GIS IS DISTRIBUTED *,6XVHUVKDYHORQJUHOLHGRQFROODERUDWLYHHIIRUWVIRUGDWD VKDULQJDQGXVH7RGD\WKHUHLVZLGHVSUHDGUHFRJQLWLRQ WKDWWKHGDWDVHWVDQGWDEOHVLQPRVWJHRJUDSKLF LQIRUPDWLRQV\VWHPVFRPHIURPPXOWLSOHRUJDQL]DWLRQV (DFK*,6RUJDQL]DWLRQGHYHORSVVRPHEXWQRWDOORILWV LQIRUPDWLRQFRQWHQW$WOHDVWVRPHRIWKHOD\HUVFRPH IURPRXWVLGHWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQ Conversion ,QSDUWLFXODU:HEVHUYLFHVZLOOSURYLGHDORRVHO\FRXSOHG HQWHUSULVHFRPSXWLQJHQYLURQPHQWWKDWHQDEOHVXVHUVWR FRQQHFWWRLQIRUPDWLRQDQG*,6IXQFWLRQDOLW\RYHUWKH :RUOG:LGH:HEIURPWKHLUGHVNWRSV:HEEURZVHUVDQG PRELOHGHYLFHV*,6ORJLFZLOOEHGHSOR\HGLQDOO DSSURSULDWH WHFKQLFDO IUDPHZRUNV 0RVWLPSRUWDQW:HEVHUYLFHVFDQDOVREHXVHGWRLQWHJUDWH PDQ\LQGLYLGXDOV\VWHPVUHJDUGOHVVRIWKHLULQWHUQDO DUFKLWHFWXUHV Data Integration XML/SOAP GIS Server Direct Read (API) Web Services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uture GIS trends • 107 Ch08_Vision_of_GIS.pmd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sers search & discover GIS Data Publishers GIS Catalog Portal Metadata Harvesting Central Catalog *,6 V\VWHP DUFKLWHFWXUHV DUH HYROYLQJ DQG EHFRPLQJ GLVWULEXWHG RQ WKH ,QWHUQHW 108 • What is ArcGIS? Ch08_Vision_of_GIS.pmd 108 3/5/2004, 6:29 PM 7KHVXPPDU\WDEOHEHORZSUHVHQWVVRPHXVDJHSDWWHUQV HPHUJLQJLQ,QWHUQHW*,6XVH ,QSUDFWLFH*,6XVHUVZLOOIDOODQ\ZKHUHDORQJWKLV VSHFWUXPRI,QWHUQHW*,6XVH7KHGDWDVKDULQJ UHTXLUHPHQWVLQWKHLURUJDQL]DWLRQVZLOOGLFWDWHWKH UHTXLUHGOHYHORI,QWHUQHW*,6LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ0DQ\ Simpl e RUJDQL]DWLRQVZLOOFRQWLQXHWRJURZDQGHYROYH LQFUHDVLQJO\VRSKLVWLFDWHG*,6SUDFWLFHVPRYLQJGRZQWKLV VSHFWUXP RI DFWLYLWLHV *,6VRIWZDUHWHFKQRORJ\PXVWFRQWLQXHWRHYROYHWRDGG WKLVDGYDQFHGVXSSRUW\HWPXVWDOVRUHPDLQIOH[LEOH HQRXJKWRVXSSRUWWKHFRPSOHWHVSHFWUXPRI*,6 LPSOHPHQWDWLRQV Data sharing and FTP download Pre-Internet data sharing was accomplished by sharing many data files and formats between users. Many central GIS organizations will continue to host Web sites for downloading data. ArcGIS Desktop with FTP-based Web downloads Map publishing Interactive maps are published to and accessed by the Internet from central Web sites. ArcIMS GIS Web publishing Maps, data, and metadata are published at Web sites for access by many users. ArcIMS GIS portals fo r Web delivery GIS catalog portals connect standalone GIS systems in a Spatial Data Infrastructure. A catalog server references many information services, both local and remote. Users discover and connect to remote GIS information and services through the catalog portal. Information at each node has differing data architectures and schemas. ArcIMS with GIS Portal extension Distributed, enterprise GI S Central enterprise servers with comprehensive GIS functions (editing, data management, geoprocessing, Web GIS computing) are being deployed for enterprise information management. ArcGIS Server Enterprise GIS nodes and services can be accessed from GIS catalog portals, just as GIS Web services can be referenced and accessed. Federated GIS Advanced GIS portals integrate GIS activities at many GIS nodes in a loosely coupled, distributed system for information management. Each node provides stewardship for a subset of data layers and geographies Information updates are replicated and distributed across GIS nodes. Local nodes are harvested into regional or state warehouses or national or global databases. ArcGIS Server plus GIS portals $ JURZLQJ VSHFWUXP RI *,6 XVH RQ WKH ,QWHUQHW Future GIS trends • 109 Ch08_Vision_of_GIS.pmd 109 3/5/2004, 6:29 PM VISION FOR DISTRIBUTED GIS TECHNOLOGY 0DQ\RUJDQL]DWLRQVGHSHQGRQFROODERUDWLYH*,6³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³IRUH[DPSOHGDWDFUHDWLRQ DQGHGLWLQJGDWDFRQYHUVLRQJHRSURFHVVLQJPHWDGDWD GRFXPHQWDWLRQDQGFDWDORJLQJFDUWRJUDSK\DQG PDSSLQJ7KH*,6GHVNWRSZLOOFRQWLQXHWREHWKH SULPDU\SODWIRUPIRUWKLVZRUN 110 • What is ArcGIS? 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