vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
TITLE
PAGE
DECLARATION
ii
DEDICATION
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
iv
ABSTRACT
v
ABSTRAK
vi
LIST OF CASES
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
xv
LIST OF FIGURES
xvi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
xvii
LIST OF APPENDICES
xviii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
Problem Statement
3
1.3
Objective of the Study
5
viii
1.4
Scope of the Study
5
1.5
Research Methodology
6
1.5.1 Stage 1 : Identifying The Research Issue
7
1.5.2 Stage 2 : Literature Review
7
1.5.3 Stage 3: Data Collection
7
1.5.4 Stage 4: Research Analysis
8
1.5.5 Stage 5 : Conclusion And Recommendation
8
CHAPTER 2
CONSTRUCTION DELAYS
10
2.1
10
Introduction
2.1.1 Definition Of Delay
2.2
Types of delays
2.2.1 Excusable delay
11
12
13
2.2.1.1
Excusable delays/compensable delays
13
2.2.1.2
Excusable/non-compensable delays
14
2.2.2 Non –Excusable delays
14
2.3
Concurrent delays
15
2.4
Causes of Delay
15
2.4.1 Owner –Caused Delay
17
2.4.2 Designer –Caused Delay
17
2.4.3 Contractor –Caused Delay
18
2.4.4 Subcontractor –Caused Delay
18
2.4.5 Delay not caused by parties to the design
19
2.4.6 Prevention of Delay
19
2.4.6.1
Pre-Contract Stage
19
2.4.6.2
Post-Contract Stage
21
ix
2.5
Conclusion
21
CHAPTER 3
EXTENSION OF TIME
23
3.1
Introduction
23
3.2
Purpose of extension of time clause in building contract
24
3.3
The ground for extension of time
24
3.4
Neutral Events
25
3.5
Employer’s delays
26
3.6
Relevant event of extension of time under IEM Form Condition
of Contract
3.7
Procedure for claiming an extension of time under express
Contract provisions
3.8
26
36
The Procedure of claiming of extension of time under JKR 203A
form of contract
38
3.9
Timing of the Notification
42
3.10
Detailed Particulars Of the extension Of Time Claimed
43
CHAPTER 4
ASSESSMENT OF EXTENSION OF TIME
45
4.0
Introduction
45
4.1
Fair and Reasonable Extension Of Time
46
4.2
Basis of Assessment
48
4.3
The Assessment Process
49
x
4.4
Duties of the Engineer/Architect/S.O in Granting Extension of
Time
4.5
50
The Law Cases Relating to Fair And Reasonable Extension Of
Time
4.6
51
The Protocol Of The Society Of Construction Law – Granting
Extension Of Time
4.6.1 Programme and records
53
54
4.6.1.1
Core Principle
54
4.6.1.2
Guidance
54
4.6.1.3
Commentary
55
4.6.2 Extension Of Time
56
4.6.2.1
Core Principle
56
4.6.2.2
Guidance
57
4.6.2.3
Commentary
58
4.6.3 Float
59
4.6.3.1
Core Principles
59
4.6.3.2
Guidance
59
4.6.3.2
Commentary
61
4.6.4 Concurrent Delay
61
4.6.4.1
Core Principles
61
4.6.4.2
Guidance
62
4.6.4.3
Commentary
63
4.6.5 Retrospective delay analyses
64
4.6.5.1
Core Principle
64
4.6.5.2
Guidance
64
4.6.5.3
Commentary
64
4.6.6 Mitigation of delay and loss
65
4.6.6.1
Core Principle
65
4.6.6.2
Guidance
65
4.6.7 Monetary claims
66
xi
4.7
Conclusion
67
CHAPTER 5
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT
68
5.1
Introduction
68
5.2
Findings and discussions
76
5.3
Case Study No.1
78
5.4
Case Study No. 2
79
5.5
Case Study No. 3
80
5.6
Case Study No. 4
80
5.7
Case Study No. 5
81
5.8
Findings and discussions
82
5.9
Conclusion
86
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
87
6.1
Introduction
87
6.2
Summary of Research Findings
87
6.3
Problems Encountered When Conducting This Study
90
6.4
Recommendations
90
6.5
Further Studies
92
6.6
Conclusion
92
xii
REFERENCES
94
Appendix A
95
xiii
LIST OF CASES
CASE
PAGE
Balfaour Betty Building Ltd v Chestermount Properties (1993) 32 CON LR 139
75
Boskalis Westminster Construction Ltd v Liverpool City Council
(1983) 24 BLR 83
33
Henry Boot Construction (UK) Ltd v. Malmaison Hotel
(Manchester) Ltd (1999) 70 CLR 32
63,74,78, 89
Hounslaw London Borough Council v Twickenham Garden
Development Ltd [1971]Ch 233
48
John Barker Construction Ltd v London
Portman Hotel Ltd (1996) 83 BLR 31
v, vi, 47, 49, 51, 68,76,86,88,92
Lebaupin v. Crispin (1920) 2 KB 714
29
Liew Ter Kwang v Hurry General Contractor Pte Ltd
(2004) 3 SLR 59
51, 71,77,88
Lian Soon Construction Pte v Guan Qian Realty Pte Ltd (2000)
1 SLR 495
73,77,85,89
xiv
London Borough of Merton v Stanley Hugh Leach Lt 91985) 32
BLR 51
37
Matsoukis v Priestman [1915] 1 KB 681
29
Penang Development Corporation v Teoh Eng Huat [1992] 1
MLJ 749
29
Peak Construction (Liverpool) Ltd v McKinney Foundations Ltd
[1970] BLR 111
24
Royal Brompton Hospital NHS Trust v Hammond & Ors (No 7)
[2001] 76 Con LR 148.
63
Sheffield District Railway Company v Great Central Railway
Company (1911) 27 TLR 451
47
Simplex Concrete Piles Ltd v St Pancras Borough Council
(1958) 14 BLR 80
32
Walter Lawrence And Sons Ltd v Commercial Union Properties
(UK) Ltd (1984) 4 CON LR 37
30
Westminster City Council v. Jarvis & Sons Ltd (1970) 7 BLR 64
34
xv
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO
TITLE
PAGE
Table 5.1 – Summary of causes of delay works and types of delay .......................... 84
Table 5.2 – Comparison of the numbers of days EOT applied by contractors and
approved by clients ................................................................................. 85
Table 6.1 – The cases law that explained ‘fair and reasonable’ in assessment for
granting extension of time ...................................................................... 89
xvi
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO
TITLE
PAGE
1.1
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................................... 9
2.1
CAUSES OF DELAY ................................................................... 16
3.1
EXTENSION OF TIME: COMMON RELEVANT EVENTS ..... 36
3.2
FLOWCHART ON THE GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR
CLAIMING EXTENSION OF TIME – PART 1 .......................... 40
3.3
FLOWCHART ON THE GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR
CLAIMING EXTENSION OF TIME – PART 2 .......................... 41
xvii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
S.O
- Superintending Officer
PWD 203 (10/83)
- Standard Form of Contract to be used where Bills of
Quantities Form Part of the Contract (Revised 10/83)
IEM.CE 1/89
- Standard Form of Contract to be used where Bills of
Quantities Form Part of the Contract of Civil Engineering
Construction
EOT
- Extension of time
BQ
- Bills of Quantities
CA
- Contract Administrator
M&E
- Mechanical and Electrical
TNB
- Tenaga Nasional Berhad
JBA
- Jabatan Bekalan Air
JKR
- Jabatan Kerja Raya
xviii
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX
A
TITLE
PAGE
IEM CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT FOR WORKS
MAINLY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION
95