Aquatic Ecosystems: Maryland has many water bodies in the form of rivers, streams, and lakes. It also is within the Chesapeake Bay watershed, which is one of the world’s most productive estuarine systems. These aquatic systems provide many services including recreation, fishing, boating, etc. However, improper management of our inputs from terrestrial ecosystems can damage these systems and jeopardize these services. Donald F. Boesch is a professor in and President of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, which includes four laboratories across the state and administers the Maryland Sea Grant College Program. He also serves as ViceChancellor for Environmental Sustainability of the University System of Maryland. Don has extensive experience in coastal ecosystems around the world and management efforts for their restoration and adaptation to climate change. He serves on Governor O’Malley’s Chesapeake Bay Cabinet and was appointed by President Obama to the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and the Future of Offshore Drilling. Abstract Large-scale restoration programs for coastal ecosystems, including the Chesapeake Bay, Mississippi Delta, and Baltic Sea, generally consider ecosystem services only implicitly. Specific considerations may be given to some provisioning services, such as seafood production, or cultural services, such as recreation or aesthetics, but these seldom form explicit goals for which metrics are established. There are fewer direct considerations of regulating services, such as climate regulation or flood control, or supporting services, such as nutrient cycling. However, many of these functions are incorporated into management models, such as the Chesapeake Bay Program’s watershed and water quality models. Suggestions will be offered on the quantitative inclusion of ecosystem service metrics into decision making that can help guide restoration toward more resilient outcomes. Lisa Wainger is a Research Associate Professor of environmental economics at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Her primary research interest is in developing integrated ecological and economic analysis tools to communicate changes in ecological conditions in terms of socio-economic impacts. For over 20 years she has applied that understanding nationally and internationally to issues of agroecosystem management, invasive species control, wetland mitigation, habitat preservation, and water quality enhancement. She received her PhD in ecological and environmental economics at the University of Maryland, College Park, with support from a MacArthur Fellowship. Abstract The loss of aquatic ecosystem services is felt broadly throughout watersheds and the ability to protect these services in the face of population growth and climate change will present enormous challenges. Dr. Wainger will describe why economic and ecological perspectives must be thoughtfully merged in order to be successful at preserving and restoring ecosystem services in aquatic systems. She will discuss opportunities to use market forces to correct the “market failures” that prevent optimal and equitable production of ecosystem services from aquatic systems. Wetland Ecosystems: Wetlands are considered the kidneys in our ecosystem, thus their proper management is vital. They provide services such as filtering impurities in water, and serve as a trap for nutrients and sediment. Protecting and enhancing these systems is vital to restoring the Chesapeake Bay. Andy Baldwin is an Associate Professor of Wetland Ecology and serves as Director of Undergraduate Programs in the Environmental Science and Technology Department at University of Maryland. He is interested in the vegetation of natural and restored wetlands and how they respond to environmental and biotic factors such as hydrology, nutrients, salinity, and non-native species. Broadly, his major research projects have dealt with the effects sea level rise and eutrophication on the plant ecology of coastal wetlands and factors controlling the establishment of native and invasive plants in wetland restoration projects. Abstract The Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries and watershed contain a diversity of wetland types spanning freshwater and saline environments. Because of their landscape position between uplands and waterways, these ecosystems improve water quality and store floodwaters, in addition to providing vital habitat for plants and wildlife. However, direct and indirect effects of human activities have resulted in degradation or loss of wetlands and the services they provide, driving awareness for the need to restore them, either to predisturbance conditions or to provide specific benefits. Establishment of vegetation in restored wetlands depends on creation of suitable soil and hydrologic conditions, but even so may require many years before resembling that of undisturbed wetland sites. Restoration can be complicated by colonization of invasive plant species, and their control is often a necessary part of adaptive management of restored wetlands. Bill Lamp is an Associate Professor in the Department of Entomology at the University of Maryland. The theme of his research is the ecology of insects in the human environment, and is based in such diverse areas as IPM, ecotoxicology, biological control, plant physiology, land use, and climate change. His lab investigates applied aspects of insect ecology in two disciplines within entomology: plant-insect interactions and aquatic entomology. Abstract Wetlands are characterized by dynamic seasonal changes in water levels and vegetation. Wetland invertebrates have adapted to these changes and, as a consequence, contribute to wetland ecological functions and ecosystem services in a variety of ways. For example, invertebrates are important in trophic linkages both within the water and between the aquatic-terrestrial interface. Also, because of the dominance of aquatic insects as predators in wetlands, they serve as major biological control agents for harmful species such as mosquitoes. Finally, burrowing behaviors of invertebrates alter nutrient dynamics between wetland soils and water. Thus, the biology of wetlands interacts with their physical and chemical processes to influence ecosystem services. Forest Ecosystems: What social value does our working forest (urban and rural) provide beyond the production of fiber? Ecosystem services like carbon sequestration, groundwater recharge and wildlife habitat will be considered. Marla McIntosh is a Professor in the Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture at the University of Maryland, College Park. Her research interests include urban forests and their ecological services. She teaches “Introduction to Urban Forestry”, “Greening Cities: Who Wins, Who Loses, and Who Cares”, “Issues in Sustainability: Clashing Views” and “Sustaining the Wooded Hillock: a Living Classroom”. She has been a longterm member of the Baltimore-Washington Partners for Forest Stewardship Science Committee. Her BS in Forestry, MS in Forest Ecology, and PhD in Crop Breeding are from the University of Illinois-Champaign. She is a Distinguished Scholar-Teacher and a Fellow for the Academy for Teaching Excellence at UMD and has been elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the American Society of Agronomy (ASA), the Crop Science Society of America (CSA). Abstract The forests of Maryland serve to help mitigate against global climate change. However, this begs this paraphrased famous quote, “Ask not what Maryland forests can do for us, but what we can do for Maryland forests”. Weather station data from Western, Central, and Eastern Maryland show increasing seasonal temperatures over recent decades. Using these results in conjunction with regional climate change models, temperatures predicted for 2050 will be presented for each state region and the potential consequences of these predicted temperature changes on the functions and services of Maryland forest ecosystems will be discussed. David Tilley is an Associate Professor of Ecological Engineering in the Department of Environmental Science and Technology at the University of Maryland. He defines ecological engineering as “the emerging field that combines natural and applied sciences, especially systems ecology, with the discipline of engineering to design, build, and operate new ecosystem-types that connect society with nature for the benefit of both.” Currently, Dr. Tilley’s Ecosystem Engineering Design Lab (enst.umd.edu/tilley) is focused on fostering the expansion and preservation of ecosystem services in rural and urban environments by designing and integrating living technologies (e.g., green walls) into the built environment and by developing an innovative and entrepreneurial approach that would create an Ecological Investment Corporation to pay forest land stewards with revenue generated from the consumer of ecosystem services. He received his doctoral degree from the University of Florida’s Environmental Engineering Sciences program in 1999. In 2011 he and colleagues from the University of Maryland’s Colleges of Engineering and Architecture won 1 st Place in the U.S. Department of Energy’s Solar Decathlon for their sustainable home, WaterShed (2011.solarteam.org). Abstract Forests provide a multitude of vital benefits to the ecosystems, economy and people of Maryland. Forests regulate atmospheric gas exchange, ameliorate micro-climates, stabilize coastlines and riverbanks, provide wildlife habitat, generate and maintain soils, improve water quality, dampen stormwater flows, abate air pollution, and provide food, fiber, and fuel. While financial markets exist to set the price for economic goods like timber, many of the ecosystem services are poorly valued, if at all. While there are some financial mechanisms and land management programs available to increase the preservation and conservation of forests, none directly link the production and consumption of ecosystem services. We propose that an Ecological Investment Corporation (EIC) could be a new tool for society to achieve better forest land conservation and restoration by directing payments from consumers of ecosystem services to land stewards to encourage the production of ecosystem services. We will review findings from our preliminary study on the EIC, focusing on the public values and fair payment prices for forest ecosystem services. In addition to producing $210 million of timber, Maryland’s forests produced $4.4 billion of public value as ecosystem services. Based on our biophysical evaluation, forest land-stewards should receive compensation of $230 to $660 million in excess of their receipts for timber to ensure the continued production of ecosystem services. Agro-Ecosystems: Beside the production of food and fiber what ecosystem services do our working farms provide society and what we are doing to preserve these functions and services in an economically and environmentally sustainable manner? Ken Staver is an Associate Research Scientist with the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the Wye Research and Education Center. He has a B.A. from Cornell University, M.S. in Estuarine Sciences, and a Ph.D. in Engineering from the University of Maryland. He has worked at the Wye Research and Education Center since 1984 conducting research on water, nutrient and energy flows in Coastal Plain watersheds. The emphasis of his work has been on the development of strategies to minimize negative environmental impacts of agricultural activities while maintaining agricultural productivity and enhancing soil and water resources. More recently, his research also has focused on nutrient and energy flows at larger scales, including developed areas, and the potential of biofuel production to increase overall nutrient use efficiency in agricultural systems and to reduce net carbon emissions. He has been actively involved in varying roles as technical advisor to Maryland state agencies and the US EPA Chesapeake Bay Program to bring research findings into the watershed management process. He also is an owner/operator of a grain farm in Queen Anne’s county where he lives with his wife and three children. Abstract Despite being highly managed to maximize production and economic return, cropland generates a quasinatural hydrologic cycle, especially in comparison to developed landscapes. The use of annual crops, primarily corn, soybeans, and wheat, reduces annual transpiration relative to native forest, but the basic processes of infiltration, soil storage, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge and discharge closely follow those in more undisturbed landscapes. The typical seasonal water table decline and development of soil moisture deficits in predominately agricultural watersheds minimizes nutrient losses in summer months in comparison to more developed watersheds. While dissolved nutrient losses from cropland remain a problem, the cropland hydrologic cycle is relatively favorable for down-stream aquatic ecosystems in comparison to more developed land uses. The Choptank River is an example of a Bay tributary with high nutrient loads but with functioning living resource systems, including spawning of several economically significant species of anadromous fish. The intense focus on reducing N and P loads without consideration of other watershed processes that are critical to aquatic ecosystem function creates potential for land use and nutrient control policies that allow damage to currently functioning aquatic/estuarine ecosystems. Robert Tjaden is an Extension Specialist/Professor, Environmental/Natural Resource Management and Policy, Department of Environmental Science & Technology, University of Maryland, C.P. Educational accomplishments include: A.S. Forest Management & B.S. Forest/Wildlife Management (University of Maine at Orono-1978), Masters Forest Management/Economics (Duke University-1985) and PhD Environmental/ Natural Resource Policy (University of Maryland, College Park-2002). His current interests include: Forest Tax Policy; Ecosystem Services; Ecological Economics; and Forest/Wildlife Management. Research focus is on socio-economic related issues including assessing farmer and Tree Farmers knowledge and attitudes towards ecosystem services; assessing the Future Sustainability of MD’s Forest Industry; and cooperating with several scientists in ENST and DNR on determining the socio-economic effects of salt marshes and ecosystem services to Deal Island residents. Abstract Our agro-ecosystems provide a wide range of ecosystem services, such as wildlife habitat, pollinators, soils, and groundwater recharge. These services are provided within a very complex system. It is difficult for many people to understand the complexities of these systems and the services they provide. Many landowners do not understand the term or concept of ecosystem services, which provides a challenge for managers and policy makers as new programs are designed to protect and enhance our agro-ecosystem services. To address this issue, a contingent valuation and conjoint analysis study was developed and a mail survey designed and sent to 2,000 farmers and tree farmers April 2012. Results of this research study titled, “An analysis of Maryland Farmers and Tree Farmers Knowledge and Attitudes Towards a Payment for Ecosystem Service Program” will be discussed. Urban Ecosystems The urban environment provides places for people to live and work. However, without proper management these systems can damage our environment (air and water) and cause human health issues. How can we modify these urban systems to increase ecosystem functions to minimize these stresses? Dennis Burton is currently a Senior Research Scientist at the University of Maryland Wye Research and Education Center. Before joining the faculty at the University of Maryland, he served from 1980-1991 as a Senior Professional Staff and Principal Staff member at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Dr. Burton was an Assistant and Associate Curator of Limnology at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia from 1971-1980. He earned his B.S. degree in Applied Science at Virginia Commonwealth University in 1965; Ph.D. in Zoology at Virginia Tech in 1970; and completed a subsequent year of post-doctoral study in environmental contamination issues at Virginia Tech. Dr. Burton’s primary research interests are the effects on aquatic organisms of surface and sub-surface water quality changes induced by municipal, utility, and industrial facilities. He has worked for a number of years on aquatic and terrestrial risk assessments at various Superfund sites. Dr. Burton has written more than 150 technical publications including three books on power plant chlorination, condenser biofouling control, and toxicity reduction and identification evaluations for effluents and other aqueous media. Abstract The release of hazardous inorganic and organic contaminants at a former industrial site at the Aberdeen Proving Ground led to the contamination of soils, groundwater, and an adjacent wetland. Historically, the site was used during World War II for the testing of explosives; chemical decontamination of munitions, open detonation, and disposal activities; and burning of chemical warfare materiel (e.g., nerve agents, mustard, and VX). As urban development encroached on the site, the Army began a series of environmental and engineering studies to determine the extent of the contamination on ecological receptors and potential methods to remediate the site for non-industrial uses. The extent of contamination of the soils, groundwater, and wetland sediments and surface water prior to site remediation, remedial actions taken to reduce environmental impact to representative ecological receptors, and post-remediation monitoring at the site will be discussed. Victoria Chanse - As a researcher and community planner/designer, Dr. Chanse's research and teaching arenas link cross-disciplinary design and planning approaches to civic engagement across multiple scales in the built environment. Her current research includes advancing the understanding of transdisciplinary approaches to sea level change design and planning responses on Maryland's Eastern shore and community-based participatory research along the Anacostia River. She serves as an officer for the Environmental Design Research Association's Board of Directors. Abstract The growing complexities of addressing stormwater runoff and sea level change in Maryland lead to the need for cross-disciplinary research and design/planning responses that incorporate human needs. Dr. Chanse will discuss how social and cultural contexts inform design and planning responses to stormwater and sea level change across different scales. She will draw upon her transdisciplinary community-based collaborative stormwater and civic engagement on sea level change projects here at the University of Maryland.