Apartheid
Mr. Millichap
Social Studies 8
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1. Bantu people (native Africans), Dutch
settlers, British settlers
2. Dutch settlers – word means farmers
3. The British
4. The Great Trek was when the Dutch
fled from the British. The three new
colonies they established were Orange
Free State, Natal, and Transvaal
Map of South Africa
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• 5. Language spoken by the Boers
• 6. Zulu – Shaka
• 7. Diamonds and gold were discovered
• 8. A British citizen who
controlled the diamond
industry in South Africa
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9. The British took over Boer territories
and started to mine them, the British
allowed Boers to keep their culture and
rights, but severely restricted the
freedoms of non-whites
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Part 2 – independent South Africa (1910)
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10. Afrikaaners – National Party
11. Government system of extreme racial
segregation – people classified into four
groups: whites, blacks, Asians, coloreds
(mixed background)
12. Areas where non-whites were forced
to reside
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• 13. African National Congress (ANC)
• 14. A. Chief Lutuli – ANC president and
early critic of apartheid, favored passive
resistance methods
• B. Nelson Mandela – main voice of the
ANC, spent 27 years in prison after
continually leading protest movements,
after release and end of apartheid was
elected President of South Africa.
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• C. Steven Biko – leader of Black
Consciousness Movement in South Africa,
died in prison causing international
outrage against South African govt.
• D. Desmond Tutu – priest who became
archbishop, spoke out against apartheid,
Nobel Peace Prize winner
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• 15. Non-violent protest movement,
resisted pass laws, refusal to pay bail
when arrested
• 16. Incident in 1960 in which police,
greatly outnumbered, opened fire on
protestors – 69 killed, 180 injured. After
this, the ANC became more militant in its
fight against the govt. (guerilla military
tactics).
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• 17. Military branch of the ANC – meant
“spear of the nation”
• 18. late 1960s and 1970s movement,
favored more aggressive approach to
resisting apartheid
• 19. Black schoolchildren protested a law
that school must be taught in Afrikaans,
police opened fire on the protesters
(1976).
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• 20. Boycotts, economic pressure, South
Africa banned from Olympics and World
Cup.
• 21. Some barriers were broken such as
pass laws, marriage restrictions, and some
participation in government was allowed
for non-whites.
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• 22. Allowed rallies by antiapartheid
activists, legalized the ANC, let Mandela
out of prison.
• 23. First open elections, Mandela elected
president.