Social Studies
Grade 8
Name
Read pages 470 – 471 (you may stop at the start of the new section on 471) and complete the following.
1. Define imperialism.
When a stronger nation takes over or spreads its influence over another land. Could affect government, trade, and culture.
2. Explain the various way in which control and influence would slowly increase.
Often started with trade and winning trading rights. Then settlers may arrive. Military forces arrive to protect citizens and the interests of the imperial power. Improvements made such as roads, railroads and mines – these are for the benefit of the imperial power, but the natives come to rely on the outsiders.
3. What is the difference between settlement and dependent colonies?
Settlement colonies saw significant numbers of people move from the imperialist nation to the new colony to live there. Dependent colonies were areas where the imperialist nation ruled, but did not necessarily send settlers, just government officials, businessmen, and military.

4. What is a protectorate?
An area where local rulers were allowed to keep their power, at least in name and title. They did answer to the European power and had to obey them.
5. What is a sphere of influence?
An area in which a country or nation has a special interest (in something like natural resources) or gains certain economic privileges (such as trading rights). It has influence but not necessarily control.
6. How did the desire for colonies lead to anger and possibly to war?
Competition for certain strategic colonies among the various European nations could lead to conflict. Naval power was built up. Also citizens who were being colonized grew angry with their loss of freedom.