Zone 268, Master Map M8 Sagittarius -26°00' M28 λ Kaus Borealis σ Nunki φ γ1 M70 M69 g -30°00' γ2 Alnasl M54 Octans Scorpius d -32°00' δ Kaus Media ζ Ascella -28°00' c f τ M6 -34°00' ε Kaus Australis γ Corona Australis η h ε -36°00' M7 e Shaulaλ α λ κ2 κ1 κ β δ 19h 20m ι2 µ 19h 04m 18h 56m 18h 48m 18h 40m 18h 32m 18h 16m 18h 08m 18h 00m υ -38°00' ψ -24°00' Normal View Zone Master, Normal View, 10 deg FOV ι1 17h 44m 17h 36m 17h 28m Zone 268, Map 1 Normal Image NGC 6544 Kaus Borealis Lambda Sgr USNO 21 Harvard 148 NGC 6553 Terzian 10 Bur 133 Bos 387 Terzian 9 Holden 32 Cordoba 225 Stone 40 Stone 38 Bos 2865 NGC 6540 Barnard 86 NGC 6520 -29°00' Bur 244 -28°00' λ Bur 285 -27°00' H N 125 -26°00' M28 NGC 6626 -25°00' Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. γ1 Rousseau 31 δ 18h 30m 18h 25m Kaus Media 18h 20m 18h 15m 18h 10m NGC 6522 NGC 6528 18h 05m 18h 00m Zone 268, Map 1 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. -25°00' Kaus Borealisλ Lambda Sgr USNO 21 -26°00' NGC 6553 Terzian 10 Bur 133 Bos 387 -27°00' Terzian 9 Holden 32 Cordoba 225 Stone 40 Stone 38 Barnard 86 NGC 6520 NGC 6540 Bur 244 -29°00' Bos 2865 -28°00' Harvard 148 M28 NGC 6626 Bur 285 NGC 6544 γ1 Rousseau 31 δ 18h 00m NGC 6522 NGC 6528 18h 05m 18h 10m 18h 15m 18h 20m Kaus Media 18h 25m 18h 30m Zone 268, Map 2 Normal Image NGC 6522 NGC 6528 NGC 6624 -30°00' Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. γ2 Gamma Sgr Alnasl -31°00' Bur 245 h5037 PK 2-9.1 NGC 6558 -32°00' NGC 6569 -34°00' -33°00' M69 h5036 ε Epsilon Sgr Kaus Australis Cordoba 223 h5012 Olivier 17 18h 30m 18h 25m 18h 20m 18h 15m 18h 10m 18h 05m 18h 00m Zone 268, Map 2 Mirror Image -30°00' Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. NGC 6522 NGC 6528 h5003 γ2 NGC 6624 Alnasl Gamma Sgr -31°00' Bur 245 h5037 PK 2-9.1 -32°00' NGC 6569 -34°00' -33°00' NGC 6558 h5036 Epsilon Sgrε Cordoba 223 Kaus Australis h5012 Olivier 17 18h 00m 18h 05m 18h 10m 18h 15m 18h 20m 18h 25m 18h 30m Zone 268, Map 3 Normal Image -35°00' Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. Olivier 17 Bos 424 Sagittarius Howe 88 Eta Sgr Dunlop 219 h5000 Corona Australis -37°00' η -36°00' Harvard 283 Bos 934 -38°00' Innes 230 -39°00' Kappa CrA 18h 30m 18h 25m 18h 20m 18h 15m 18h 10m 18h 05m 18h 00m Zone 268, Map 3 Mirror Image -35°00' Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. Olivier 17 Trumpler 30 Bos 424 Sagittarius -36°00' Harvard 283 Russell 306 Howe 88 η Eta Sgr -37°00' h5000 Bos 934 -38°00' Innes 230 -39°00' κ1 κ2 Cordoba 222 18h 00m 18h 05m 18h 10m 18h 15m 18h 20m 18h 25m 18h 30m Zone 268, Map 4 Normal Image NGC 6644 Argelander 32 -25°00' Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. -26°00' NGC 6638 -27°00' σ Nunki Sigma Sgr -28°00' φ -29°00' h5051 See 356 19h 00m 18h 55m 18h 50m 18h 45m 18h 40m 18h 35m 18h 30m Zone 268, Map 4 Mirror Image H N 125 -25°00' Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. NGC 6644 Argelander 32 -26°00' NGC 6638 σ Nunki Sigma Sgr -27°00' USNO 6 -28°00' φ -29°00' h5051 See 356 18h 30m 18h 35m 18h 40m 18h 45m 18h 50m 18h 55m 19h 00m Zone 268, Map 5 Normal Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. -30°00' See 356 -32°00' Perth Obs 206 -31°00' M54 NGC 6715 M70 NGC 6681 -33°00' NGC 6637 M69 NGC 6652 -34°00' Glasenapp 15 Stone 62 19h 00m 18h 55m 18h 50m 18h 45m 18h 40m 18h 35m 18h 30m Zone 268, Map 5 Mirror Image Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. -30°00' See 356 -31°00' M54 NGC 6715 Perth Obs 206 -32°00' PK 2-9.1 -33°00' M70 NGC 6681 M69 NGC 6637 NGC 6652 -34°00' Glasenapp 15 Stone 62 18h 30m 18h 35m 18h 40m 18h 45m 18h 50m 18h 55m 19h 00m Zone 268, Map 6 Normal Image -36°00' -35°00' Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. -37°00' NGC 6723 -38°00' ε λ Lambda CrA Kappa CrA -39°00' κ1 κ2 19h 00m 18h 55m 18h 50m 18h 45m 18h 40m 18h 35m 18h 30m Zone 268, Map 6 Mirror Image λ -38°00' ε -37°00' -36°00' -35°00' Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc. Lambda CrA -39°00' κ1 κ2 Kappa CrA 18h 30m 18h 35m 18h 40m 18h 45m 18h 50m 18h 55m 19h 00m Zone 268 4 Reference Stars, 36 Double Stars, 2 Planetary Nebulae, 2 Open Clusters, 12 Globular Clusters A Harvard 148 ........................................... 8 Harvard 283 ......................................... 25 Holden 32............................................... 4 Howe 88............................................... 24 Argelander 32 ...................................... 27 B Barnard 86 ........................................... 14 Bos 2865 ................................................ 8 Bos 387 .................................................. 6 Bos 424 ................................................ 24 Bos 934 ................................................ 26 Bur 133 ................................................ 10 Bur 244 ................................................ 10 Bur 245 ................................................ 18 Bur 285 .................................................. 5 I Innes 230.............................................. 25 K Kappa CrA ........................................... 37 L Lambda CrA ........................................ 37 Lambda Sgr............................................ 3 C N Cordoba 223 ........................................ 17 Cordoba 225 .......................................... 8 NGC 6520 ............................................ 11 NGC 6522 ............................................ 19 NGC 6528 ............................................ 21 NGC 6540 ............................................ 12 NGC 6544 ............................................ 13 NGC 6553 ............................................ 13 NGC 6558 ............................................ 21 NGC 6569 ............................................ 22 NGC 6624 ............................................ 20 NGC 6637 ............................................ 34 NGC 6638 ............................................ 31 NGC 6644 ............................................ 30 NGC 6652 ............................................ 35 NGC 6681 ............................................ 35 NGC 6715 ............................................ 36 E Epsilon Sgr .......................................... 14 Eta Sgr ................................................. 23 G Gamma Sgr .......................................... 15 Glasenapp 15 ....................................... 32 H H N 125 ................................................. 9 h5012 ................................................... 15 h5036 ................................................... 16 h5037 ................................................... 17 h5051 ................................................... 27 -1- Zone 268 O S Olivier 17............................................. 18 Perth Obs 206 ...................................... 32 PK 2-9.1............................................... 22 See 356................................................. 29 Sigma Sgr............................................. 28 Stone 38 ................................................. 7 Stone 40 ................................................. 9 Stone 62 ............................................... 33 R U Rousseau 31........................................... 6 USNO 21................................................ 4 USNO 6.................................................. 5 P -2- Zone 268 Zone 268, Map 1 Reference Star Lambda Sgr (22 Sgr; Kaus Borealis, "the northern part of the bow"; HD 169916; SAO 186841) Position: 1828-2525 Mag : 2.82 Spectrum : K1 III Color : Y Assumed distance: 77 light years Assumed luminosity (suns): 52 Notes: This star is a member of the Hyades group. It is also an infra-red source. It has a diameter of 0.0044". From James Kaler's Star Notes: Though cool (4,700 Kelvin) by solar standards, Kaus Borealis is on the warm side of class K, and is an orange giant star rather similar to Gemini's Pollux. The radius derived from temperature and luminosity and from the star's measured angular diameter (0.0044 seconds of arc) agree nicely at 11 times solar, not all that much for a star called a giant. With a mass about 2.3 times solar, Kaus Borealis is a prime example of what astronomers call a "clump star," one that though dying is currently quite stable and fusing helium into carbon and oxygen in its deep core (the name "clump" coming from a congregation of such stars at about this temperature and luminosity). It is also a modest X-ray source, showing it to have magnetic activity rather like that found on the Sun, something of a surprise. More to home, Kaus Borealis lies in a rich part of the Milky Way, the handle of the Little Milk Dipper pointing to the famed "Lagoon Nebula," a naked eye interstellar cloud that marks a region of fierce star formation and is a lovely sight in binoculars. Just to the west of Kaus Borealis and above the Lagoon lies the winter solstice, the southern-most point of the Sun's path, the star the closest bright marker. -3- Zone 268 Double Stars Easy Holden 32 Rating: 3 E ADS 10995 Position: 1803-2705 A B C Magnitude 8.35 9.40 11.50 Separation — 5.2 + 43.3 PA — 101 68 Year — 1979 1909 Spectra G5 V Colors Y O No Notes: AB 1881: 4.5 @ 102. 12 measurements. AC 1 measurement. Observations: C8 at 104x. USNO 21 V3792 Sgr; ADS 11069; HD 165814; SAO 186350 Rating: 3 E Position: 1809-2528 A B Magnitude 6.76 8.70 Separation PA — — 13.5 = 65 - Year — 1991 Spectra B4 III' Colors W O Notes: 1877: 13.5 @ 66. 4 measurements. Star A is a spectroscopic binary with a 2.2481 day period. There appears to be mass transfer going on too. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different distances for these stars; they may be optical. Observations: C8 at 104x. -4- Zone 268 Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 16.5 inches. Separation: AB = 67.4 miles; Aa = 10.8 inches. Distance (LY): 3,200 Total luminosity (Suns): 1,870 USNO 6 Rating: 3 E HD 170141; SAO 186863 Position: 1829-2635 A B Magnitude 6.68 8.10 Separation PA — — 41.9 + 182 - Year — 1991 Spectra A3 III Colors W W Notes: 1890: 41.8 @ 183. 10 measurements. Observations: C8 at 104x. A nice 6m/9m pair (30", PA 130) lies 12 min SW. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 8.40 inches. Separation: AB = 26.0 miles. Distance (LY): 397 Total luminosity (Suns): 33 Bur 285 Rating: 4 E ADS 11214; HD 167550 Position: 1817-2500 A B Magnitude 9.02 9.77 Separation PA — — 59.7 141 + Year — 1991 Notes: 1874: 60.0 @ 140. 11 measurements. There is a 10.30m companion to A at 1.6 @ 316 (1943). -5- Spectra A0 IV Colors W pO Zone 268 Observations: C8 at 104x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 11.7 inches. Separation: AB = 23.4 miles. Distance (LY): 251 Total luminosity (Suns): 2.3 Bos 387 Rating: 4 E ADS 11245 Position: 1819-2644 A B C D Magnitude 8.55 9.88 10.73 14.00 Separation — 8.8 0.7 = 4.2 PA — 37 + 168 + 322 Year — 1966 1935 1927 Spectra B9 V Colors W W No No Notes: AB 1927: 9.0 @ 36. 2 measurements. AC 1927: 0.7 @ 167. 2 measurements. AD 1 measurement. Observations: C11 at 98x. Rousseau 31 Rating: 4 E HD 169141; SAO 186775 Position: 1824-2936 A B Magnitude 8.05 8.58 Separation PA — — 46.0 176 - Year — 1991 Spectra K3/K4 III Colors Y O Notes: 1896: 54.9 @ 195. 8 measurements. Hipparcos shows these stars to be at the same distance. -6- Zone 268 This previously uncataloged double star was a Hipparcos double entry system. Observations: C11 at 98x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 53.4 inches. Separation: AB = 10.8 miles. Distance (LY): 150 Total luminosity (Suns): 1.65 Stone 38 Rating: 5 E ADS 10974 Position: 1802-2741 A B Magnitude 8.20 9.40 Separation PA — — 6.4 84 - Year — 1926 Spectra A0 V Colors W pO Notes: 1877: 6.5 @ 85. 4 measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different distances for these stars; they may be optical. Observations: C8 at 104x. Moderate field. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 9.00 inches. Separation: AB = 1.45 miles. Distance (LY): 146 Total luminosity (Suns): 1.2 -7- Zone 268 Harvard 148 Rating: 5 E ADS 11009 Position: 1804-2529 A B Magnitude 10.02 10.11 Separation PA — — 4.6 17 + Year — 1966 Spectra B8II/III Colors W W Notes: 1868: 5.4 @ 15. 10 measurements. Observations: C11 at 98x. Bos 2865 Rating: 5 E HD 169558; SAO 186811 Position: 1826-2749 A B Magnitude 9.82 11.90 Separation PA — — 11.3 296 Year — 1964 Spectra B8/9II Colors W ? Notes: 1 measurement. Observations: C11 at 98x. There is a nice, rich asterism (almost like a loose open cluster) 1 min W. Cordoba 225 Rating: 5 E ADS 11327 Position: 1826-2725 A B C Magnitude 9.19 9.40 9.40 Separation — 5.9 53.1 PA — 359 + 84 -8- Year — 1987 1987 Spectra F2 V Colors W W No Zone 268 Notes: AB 1896: 6.1 @ 358. 9 measurements. AC 1 measurement. Observations: C8 at 104x. It is the western vertex of a narrow 9m triangle of stars. Moderate H N 125 Rating: 2 M ADS 11378; HD 170121; SAO 186864 Position: 1829-2503 A B Magnitude 7.40 8.30 Separation PA — — 2.6 105 = Year — 1991 Spectra G2 V Colors W W Notes: 1878: 3.1 @ 105. 31 measurements. Observations: C8 at 280x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 3.30 inches. Separation: AB = 3,960 feet. Distance (LY): 185 Total luminosity (Suns): 4.2 Stone 40 Rating: 3 M ADS 10984 Position: 1802-2731 A B Magnitude 8.49 9.31 Separation PA — — 3.0 = 162 - -9- Year — 1991 Spectra B8 V Colors bW Y Zone 268 Notes: 1876: 3.0 @ 163. 17 measurements. Observations: C8 at 280x. Moderate field. Bur 244 Rating: 3 M ADS 11084 Position: 1809-2752 A B Magnitude 7.23 9.18 Separation PA — — 2.2 + 265 + Year — 1991 Spectra G5 IV K0 III Colors Y O Notes: 1874: 2.0 @ 253. 32 measurements. Observations: C8 at 206x. It lies at the W end of a chain. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 9.00 inches; B = 26.0 inches. Separation: AB = 2.16 miles. Distance (LY): 630 Total luminosity (Suns): 40 Difficult Bur 133 Rating: 5 D ADS 11354; HD 169851; SAO 186837 Position: 1828-2638 A B Magnitude 6.31 7.17 Separation PA — — 0.9 243 - Notes: 1874: 1.8 @ 266. 48 measurements. - 10 - Year — 1996 Spectra A5 V F2 V Colors W W Zone 268 Observations: C8 at 280x. Notched. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 7.50 inches; B = 11.0 inches. Separation: AB = 1,850 feet. Distance (LY): 252 Total luminosity (Suns): 16.6 Deep Sky Objects Moderate NGC 6520 Rating: 2 M Other Names: Melotte 187; Collinder 361; Raab 127, H VII 7 Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club, Urban Deep Sky Club, Binocular Deep Sky Club Position: 1803-2754 Type: Oc Class: I 2rn Magnitude: 9.0 Dimensions: 6' Cluster population: 60 Notes: It is 54 million years old; the earliest spectrum is an O type. Three Be stars are known to be members. The brightest cluster star is 9m. It lies 22,500 light years from the galactic center and 260 light years below the galactic plane. Observations: C8 at 206x. V-shaped; note the dR star on the NW side, and the dark nebula Barnard 86 on the W edge. - 11 - NGC 6520 Open cluster (I 1 m; 60 stars) Observed with C8 on 8/22/92 Magnification: 80x Zone 268 C11 at 98x. Extremely rich group. It resembles a bat, with two eyes (stars 90" apart), two curved wings, and a tight little body. With averted vision, it grows fatter (having just eaten); with direct vision, only the eyes and wings dominate, with a hint of the body. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 3,030 miles with stars 773 miles apart. Distance (LY): 5,140 Luminosity (suns): 580 NGC 6540 Other Names: Collinder 364, H II 198 Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club Rating: 4 M Position: 1806-2749 Type: Oc Dimensions: 1' Class: I 1pn Cluster population: 12 Magnitude: 11.0 Notes: NGC 6540 was discovered by William Herschel in 1784 and cataloged as H II.198. While Herschel classified it as a "faint nebula," indicated by his classification in the second group of deepsky objects, this object was longly listed as open cluster, e.g. by Collinder who designated it Cr 364. S. Djorgovski independently "rediscovered" it in September 1986 without noting its identity, when looking for obscured globular clusters in the IRAS Point Source Catalog, labeled it Djorg 3, and suspected it to be a globular cluster (Djorgovski 1987). It was finaly Bica et.al. (1994) who identified it with the NGC object, and confirmed its nature as a globular cluster. [Source: http://www.seds.org/~spider/spider/MWGC/n6540.html] Observations: C8 at 104x. Faint, averted vision will be a big help in seeing it. It boasts two arcs of stars and a dense center. Barbara Wilson has this interesting description: "Looks like a little letter 'J' or a fingernail clipping." Rich field. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 1,130 miles with stars 1,240 miles apart. Distance (LY): 12,100 Luminosity (suns): 460 - 12 - Zone 268 NGC 6544 Other Names: Melotte 192; Collinder 366, H II 197 Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club Rating: 4 M Position: 1807-2500 Type: Gc Magnitude: 9.0 Dimensions: 1' Notes: The brightest stars are 12.8m and the horizontal branch is 15.0m. Observations: C8 at 104x. Unresolved. Very rich field. C11 at 98x. Small, not resolved, not much brighter in the middle. Fairly uniform. Class: 8. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 1,400 miles. Distance (LY): 15,000 Luminosity (suns): 310,000 NGC 6553 Other Names: H IV 12 Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club Rating: 4 M Position: 1809-2554 Type: Gc Class: 11 Dimensions: 1.7' Magnitude: 10.0 Notes: The brightest stars are 14.7m and the horizontal branch is 16.2m. It is dimmed 6.3 magnitudes by dust. Observations: C8 at 104x. Unresolved, and a faint star lies on the edge. Very rich field. C11 at 98x. Class 10. Not resolved, it is faint and small. A wide pair (11 m) is 3 min E. - 13 - Zone 268 Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 670 miles. Distance (LY): 4,200 Luminosity (suns): 46,000 Barnard 86 Other Names: LDN 93; Ink Spot Nebula Rating: 5 M Position: 1803-2750 Type: Dn Dimensions: 4' Observations: C8 at 104x. This is a "hole" in a rich field of faint stars. Distance (LY): 6,200? Zone 268, Map 2 Reference Stars Epsilon Sgr (20 Sgr; Kaus Australis, "the southern part of the bow"; HD 169022; SAO 210091) Position: 1824-3423 Mag : 1.79 Spectrum : B9.5 IV Color : bW Assumed distance: 145 light years Assumed luminosity (suns): 375 Notes: The primary rotates at 140 kps and is 0.0014" in diameter. From James Kaler's Star Notes: Kaus Australis also demonstrates that astronomers can have trouble finding a place even for prominent stars. It has traditionally been called a giant and assigned to blue class B (at the cool end, B9.5), with a temperature of 9,200 K, while others have more recently assigned it to hot-end class A as a "bright giant" (one notably more luminous than the ordinary giants). The star is much brighter than its main sequence (hydrogen-fusing) counterparts and is clearly in a more advanced state, having begun to die. With a mass nearly four times solar, it probably has a core of helium that is shrinking and heating as it prepares itself to fuse to carbon and oxygen. Both the temperature plus luminosity and - 14 - Zone 268 direct measurements of angular diameter agree that Kaus Australis is seven times bigger than the Sun. More confusing is the star's chemical composition. It was long thought to be a rare "Lambda Bootis" star. Such stars seem to be highly depleted in metals. One explanation is that during their development they accreted from interstellar space considerable gas whose metal atoms had already been absorbed by interstellar dust. However, Kaus Australis was later removed from the category. It may instead be a sort of "shell star" in which its high rotation speed (over 70 times that of the Sun) was responsible for creating a shell of gas that hides much of the star within. If nothing else, the star shows how much we have yet to learn of the stellar science. Gamma Sgr (10 Sgr; El Nasl, "the point" of the arrow; HD 165135; SAO 209696) Position: 1806-3025 Mag : 2.98 Spectrum : K0 III Color : O Assumed distance: 96 light years Assumed luminosity (suns): 45 Notes: This star is a spectroscopic binary and an infra-red source. It is a member of the Wolf 630 Group. Double Stars Easy h5012 Rating: 3 E HD 165085; SAO 209693 Position: 1806-3437 A B Magnitude 8.59 9.13 Separation PA — — 23.3 189 - Notes: 1835: 25.0 @ 194. 11 measurements. The stars have different proper motions. Observations: C8 at 104x. - 15 - Year — 1991 Spectra K5 K2 Colors O O Zone 268 Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 35.6; B = 28.7 inches. Separation: AB = 1.59 miles. Distance (LY): 44 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.08 h5036 RS Sgr; HD 167647; SAO 209959 Rating: 3 E Position: 1818-3406 A B C D CD Magnitude 6.03 9.47 8.67 10.20 Separation — 39.0 + 94.1 = 16.5 PA — 86 41 = Year — 1962 1991 347 1919 Spectra B4 IV A Colors yG O W W? Notes: AB 1890: 38.8 @ 87. 3 measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different distances for these stars; they may be optical. AC 1890: 94.1 @ 41. 9 measurements. CD, no evidence of duplicity is seen by Hipparcos. Star A is a spectroscopic binary with a 2.4157 day period and rotates at 186 kps. It is also an Algol system. Observations: C8 at 83x. Star C looks brighter than B! Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 15.0 inches; B = 8.85 inches. Separation: AB = 53.6 miles; AC = 129 miles; CD = 22.7 miles. Distance (LY): 880 Total luminosity (Suns): 285 - 16 - Zone 268 Cordoba 223 Olivier 47; Dawson; HD 165210; SAO 209711 Rating: 4 E Position: 1806-3418 A B C BC Magnitude 7.99 9.94 11.30 Separation PA — — 27.0 244 26.7 247 Year — 1922 Spectra B5 III Colors W B No 1922 Notes: AB 1 measurement. BC 1 measurement. Observations: C8 at 104x. h5037 Rating: 4 E HD 167363; SAO 209933 Position: 1816-3110 A B Magnitude 7.66 10.09 Separation PA — — 37.4 + 227 + Year — 1919 Notes: 1890: 36.8 @ 226. 2 measurements. Observations: C8 at 104x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 12.0 inches. Separation: AB = 18.7 miles. Distance (LY): 320 Total luminosity (Suns): 8 - 17 - Spectra B5 II Colors bW W Zone 268 Olivier 17 Position: 1820-3500 A B Magnitude 10.27 12.00 Rating: 5 E Separation PA — — 6.0 + 252 + Year — 1991 Spectra G0 Colors Y O Notes: 1909: 5.2 @ 251. 9 measurements. Observations: C8 at 104x. Moderate Bur 245 Rating: 4 M HD 166023; SAO 209803 Position: 1810-3044 A B Magnitude 5.53 7.71 Separation PA — — 3.9 353 - Year — 1994 Notes: 1868: 4.2 @ 7. 39 measurements. Observations: C8 at 206x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 46.2 inches. Separation: AB = 2.19 miles. Distance (LY): 360 Total luminosity (Suns): 63 - 18 - Spectra K0 III Colors Y O Zone 268 Deep Sky Objects Easy NGC 6522 Other Names: H I 49 Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club Rating: 3 E Position: 1804-3002 Type: Gc Dimensions: 2' Class: 6 Magnitude: 10.5 Notes: It was discovered by William Herschel in 1784 on the same night he found NGC 6528 (15' E). The brightest stars are 13.7m and the horizontal branch is 16.9m. Observations: C8 at 206x. Bright and large, it is mottled at medium powers. A 9m star is 5 min N. C11 at 98x. Large and semi-resolved. Dense core. A brightish triangle of stars lies on the NE side of the field. (Okie-Tex Star Party, 2003) Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 3,930 miles. NGC 6522 Globular cluster Observed with C11 on 9/25/03 Magnification: 98x Okie-Tex Star Party Distance (LY): 21,000 Luminosity (suns): 23,000 - 19 - Zone 268 NGC 6624 Other Names: H I 50 Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club Rating: 3 E Position: 1824-3022 Type: Gc Dimensions: 3' Class: 6 Magnitude: 8.6 Notes: It was discovered by William Herschel in June of 1784. The brightest stars are 13.7m and the horizontal branch is 16.1m. It is an X-ray source and is dimmed 2.1 magnitudes by dust. Observations: C8 at 83x. Bright stellar core, but unresolved. C11 at 98x. Assymmetrical cluster with an off-center nucleus. Semi-resolved and with very dense core. (Okie-Tex Star Party, 2003) Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 10,670 miles. NGC 6624 Globular cluster Observed with C11 on 9/25/03 Magnification: 98x Okie-Tex Star Party Distance (LY): 38,000 Luminosity (suns): 900,000 - 20 - Zone 268 Moderate NGC 6558 Other Names: Melotte 194 Rating: 4 M Position: 1812-3146 Type: Gc Magnitude: 11.0 Dimensions: 2' Notes: The horizontal branch is 16.7m. J. Herschel discovered it in 1834. A feature popularly known as the Parrot's Head lies 1.5o WNW of here, but is not visible in an 8" scope. Observations: C8 at 83x. Unresolved. Beautiful field. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 5,620 miles. Distance (LY): 30,000 Luminosity (suns): 16,000 NGC 6528 Other Names: H II 200 Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club Rating: 5 M Position: 1805-3003 Type: Gc Dimensions: 1' Class: 5 Magnitude: 11.0 Notes: It was discovered by William Herschel in 1784. The brightest stars are 15.5m and the horizontal branch is 17.1m. Absorption robs it of 4.2m. - 21 - Zone 268 Observations: C8 at 83x. Faint and small, I could not resolve it. It lies a few minutes E of the brighter globular NGC 6522 and an 11m star lies E of 6528. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 2,250 miles. Distance (LY): 24,000 Luminosity (suns): 86,000 Difficult NGC 6569 Other Names: H II 201 Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club Rating: 4 D Position: 1814-3150 Type: Gc Dimensions: 2' Class: 8 Magnitude: 10.2 Notes: The horizontal branch is 17.1m. Absorption amounts to 3.3m in this area. Observations: C8 at 104x. A faint smudge, I could not resolve it. Very rich field. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 4,310 miles. Distance (LY): 23,000 Luminosity (suns): 72,000 PK 2-9.1 Other Names: Canon 1-5 Rating: 4 D Position: 1829-3130 Type: Pn Magnitude: 11.9 - 22 - Dimensions: <5'' Zone 268 Observations: C8 at 280x. Small with a very faint disk seen with averted vision. C11 at 98x. Small diskette. Two 10m stars lie just to the S. (Okie-Tex Star Party, 2003) PK 2-9.1 Planetary nebula Observed with C11 on 9/25/03 Magnification: 98x Okie-Tex Star Party Zone 268, Map 3 Reference Star Eta Sgr (Arkab; Bur 760; HD 167618; SAO 209957) Position: 1818-3646 Mag : 3.10 Spectrum : M2 III Color : O Assumed distance: 149 light years Assumed luminosity (suns): 100 Notes: This star is an infra-red source. - 23 - Zone 268 Double Stars Easy Howe 88 Rating: 4 E HD 165063; SAO 209691 Position: 1806-3635 A B Magnitude 7.46 8.90 Separation PA — — 3.2 + 4+ Year — 1991 Spectra B4ne Colors W pB Notes: 1876: 1.3 @ 0. 15 measurements. B has a 9.92m companion at 0.4 @ 22 (1991). Observations: C8 at 280x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 2.25 inches. Separation: AB = 6.14 miles. Distance (LY): 1,230 Total luminosity (Suns): 133 Bos 424 Rating: 4 E HD 166905; SAO 209891 Position: 1814-3524 A B C Magnitude 8.36 10.90 10.52 Separation — 0.9 + 42.5 - PA — 82 + 143 + Notes: AB 1926: 0.7 @ 80. 3 measurements. AC 1912: 42.6 @ 142. 4 measurements. - 24 - Year — 1944 1991 Spectra K2 Colors Y No B Zone 268 Observations: C8 at 104x. Innes 230 Rating: 5 E HD 163958 Position: 1801-3742 A B C Magnitude 8.61 10.27 9.93 Separation — 6.6 + 62.6 - PA — 138 117 + Year — 1987 1958 Spectra K0 IV Colors Y W W Notes: AB 1897: 5.0 @ 140. 12 measurements. AC 1912: 75.5 @ 99. 6 measurements. Observations: C8 at 104x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 12.0 inches. Separation: AB = 422 feet; AC = 4,120 feet. Distance (LY): 8 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.00284 Moderate Harvard 283 Hough 88; HD 164870; SAO 209671 Rating: 5 M Position: 1805-3553 A B Magnitude 5.98 10.62 Separation PA — — 12.5 + 290 + Notes: 1891: 12.0 @ 275. 2 measurements. - 25 - Year — 1900 Spectra K2 III Colors yO ? Zone 268 Observations: C8 at 104x. Note the faint pair, 11m/12m, about 100" apart in pa 270. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 49.5 inches. Separation: AB = 6.92 miles. Distance (LY): 355 Total luminosity (Suns): 40.39 Bos 934 Rating: 5 M HD 166833; SAO 209886 Position: 1814-3737 A B Magnitude 7.63 11.44 Separation PA — — 14.7 30 Year — 1927 Notes: 1 measurement. Observations: C8 at 104x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 9.00 inches. Separation: AB = 18.8 miles. Distance (LY): 820 Total luminosity (Suns): 51 - 26 - Spectra A0 V Colors W W? Zone 268 Zone 268, Map 4 Double Stars Easy Argelander 32 Rating: 3 E ADS 11539; HD 172193; SAO 187106 Position: 1840-2530 A B C D Magnitude 7.45 9.10 8.82 11.27 Separation — 7.1 53.3 -! 80.5 + PA — 219 + 285 = 218 - Year — 1991 1991 1901 Spectra A0 A2 Colors W W W W Notes: AB 1862: 7.5 @ 213. 12 measurements. May be optical because Hipparcos gives different distances (3,000 and 780 light years). AC 1862: 68.7 @ 285. 8 measurements. AD 1862: 79.0 @ 219. 2 measurements. Observations: C8 at 104x. h5051 Doolittle 71 (D); ADS 11467; HD 171396; SAO 187022 Rating: 4 E Position: 1836-2849 A B C D CD Magnitude 9.19 10.50 10.89 12.20 Separation — 10.0 + 92.4 5.3 PA — 234 + 297 Year — 1910 1907 33 1907 - 27 - Spectra G+A Colors W rO ? No Zone 268 Notes: AB 1834: 5.0 @ 231. 3 measurements. AC and CD 1 measurement. Observations: C11 at 98x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 20.8 inches. Separation: AB = 7.27 miles; AC = 67.2 miles; CD = 3.85 miles. Distance (LY): 466 Total luminosity (Suns): 5.63 Sigma Sgr Rating: 5 E 34 Sgr; Nunki, "star of the proclamation of the sea"; Smyth 4; HD 175191; SAO 187448 Position: 1855-2618 A B Magnitude 2.02 9.50 Separation PA — — 309 244 Year — 1837 Spectra B3 V Colors bW W Notes: 1 measurement. This star is a member of the Sco-Cen Association and rotates at 201 kps. It is also an infra-red source. From James Kaler's Star Notes: It is a truly magnificent, brilliant star. With a surface temperature of 20,000 degrees Kelvin, bluish Nunki is one of the hotter of the bright stars, and radiates much of its light in the invisible ultraviolet. When we take that into account, the star is actually 3,300 times more luminous than our Sun. To receive the same heat, an "Earth" in the system would have to orbit at a distance half again the size of the orbit of our Pluto. To be so bright it must also be fairly large, and has a diameter about five times that of the Sun. Typical of its breed, Nunki is a fast spinner, rotating with a speed of over 200 kilometers per second, 100 times that of our Sun. Like the Sun, however, it is a "normal" unevolved star, and shines by the fusion of hydrogen into helium in its deep core. But its mass is so high, seven or so times that of the Sun, and the internal fusion rates so fast, that it cannot live very long, 50 million years at most. How far along its lifeline it is, we do not know, but it cannot have too much left to it. The star will ultimately turn into a - 28 - Zone 268 white dwarf roughly as massive as the Sun. There is some indication that it has a close companion. Observations: C8 at 104x. You'd never know it was a binary without a double star list. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 12.6 inches. Separation: AB = 108 miles. Distance (LY): 224 Total luminosity (Suns): 3,300 Moderate See 356 Rating: 3 M ADS 11553 Position: 1841-2953 A B Magnitude 9.17 9.34 Separation PA — — 3.7 132 - Year — 1991 Notes: 1897: 4.0 @ 134. 7 measurements. Observations: C8 at 280x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 12.0 inches. Separation: AB = 2,590 feet. Distance (LY): 86 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.26 - 29 - Spectra B9 IV/V Colors W W Zone 268 Deep Sky Objects Difficult NGC 6644 Other Names: PK 8-7.2 Rating: 3 D Position: 1833-2508 Type: Pn Dimensions: 3'' Class: 2 Magnitude: 12.2 Notes: This planetary was discovered by Edward Pickering in 1880. The central star is 15.9m. Observations: C8 at 280x. It was stellar at 104x, and resembled an out-of-focus star at 280x. Very bright center. C11 at 339x. Faint and small object some 3 min E of a 9m star. (Okie-Tex Star Party, 2003) Distance (LY): 9,000 Total luminosity (Suns): 84 NGC 6644 Planetary nebula (2) Observed with C11 on 9/25/03 Magnification: 339x Okie-Tex Star Party - 30 - Zone 268 NGC 6638 Other Names: H I 51 Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club Rating: 4 D Position: 1831-2530 Type: Gc Dimensions: 2' Class: 6 Magnitude: 9.2 Notes: The brightest stars are 15.0m and the horizontal branch is 15.9m. Absorption is 2.0m. Observations: C8 at 83x. Small and unresolved, it has a bluish tint. Use high power. A faint (but wide) pair is 5 min SW. C11 at 98x. Class: 6. Small and not resolved. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 8,800 miles. Distance (LY): 47,000 Luminosity (suns): 230,000 - 31 - Zone 268 Zone 268, Map 5 Double Stars Easy Glasenapp 15 Rating: 4 E HD 175478; SAO 210749 Position: 1857-3320 A B Magnitude 7.16 8.78 Separation PA — — 49.1 10 + Year — 1984 Spectra B9 V Colors W O Notes: 1890: 50.0 @ 9. 8 measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho mission data show different distances for these stars (680 and 3,260 light years); they may be optical. The stars also have different proper motions. Observations: C8 at 104x. Perth Obs 206 Rating: 5 E HD 171136; SAO 210322 Position: 1835-3109 A B Magnitude 9.01 11.76 Separation PA — — 14.6 160 Notes: 1 measurement. Observations: C8 at 104x. - 32 - Year — 1910 Spectra A0 V Colors Y O? Zone 268 Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 9.00 inches. Separation: AB = 3.59 miles. Distance (LY): 158 Total luminosity (Suns): 0.54 Moderate Stone 62 Rating: 5 M HD 171119; SAO 210321 Position: 1835-3449 A B Magnitude 7.59 7.86 Separation PA — — 2.2 + 133 - Year — 1991 Notes: 1876: 1.8 @ 140. 32 measurements. Observations: C8 at 280x. Elongated. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 5.70 inches. Separation: AB = 1.00 mile. Distance (LY): 282 Total luminosity (Suns): 15.2 - 33 - Spectra F0 V Colors Y O Zone 268 Deep Sky Objects Easy NGC 6637 Rating: 3 E Other Names: M69 Astronomical Leage Program: Messier Club, Messier Binocular Club Position: 1831-3221 Type: Gc Dimensions: 4' Class: 5 Magnitude: 7.5 Notes: It was discovered by Lacaille in 1752; Messier cataloged it on August 31, 1780. It is 70 light years in diameter. The brightest stars are 13.2m and the horizontal branch is 16.2m. The spectroscope reveals an abundance of heavy metals. Absorption is 2.9m. Observations: C8 at 206x. Large and asymmetric, it was only semi-resolved and has irregular edges. C11 at 98x. Semi-resolved, it appears cut off on the S side. A 9m star lies to the NE. (Okie-Tex Star Party, 2003) 14x70 Binos. Small but bright knot of fuzz. NGC 6637 (M69) Globular cluster Observed with C11 on 9/25/03 Magnification: 98x Okie-Tex Star Party Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 13,480 miles. Distance (LY): 36,000 Luminosity (suns): 1,100,000 - 34 - Zone 268 NGC 6652 Position: 1836-3259 Type: Gc Dimensions: 2' Rating: 3 E Class: 6 Magnitude: 8.7 Notes: The horizontal branch is 16.7m. Absorption amounts to 1.8m. Observations: C8 at 104x. Large, bright and unresolved. C11 at 98x. Small and semi-resolved knot. (Okie-Tex Star Party, 2003) Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 9,740 miles. Distance (LY): 52,000 Luminosity (suns): 370,000 NGC 6652 Globular cluster Observed with C11 on 9/25/03 Magnification: 98x Okie-Tex Star Party NGC 6681 Rating: 4 E Other Names: M70 Astronomical Leage Program: Messier Club, Messier Binocular Club Position: 1843-3218 Type: Gc Dimensions: 4' Class: 5 Magnitude: 8.0 Notes: Messier listed it in his catalog on August 31, 1780. It is 80 light years in diameter. The brightest stars are 14.0m and the horizontal branch is 15.6m. - 35 - Zone 268 Observations: C8 at 83x. Bright, compact, and not resolved. It takes high power well, and brightens rapidly as you approach the center. A chain of stars extends to the NE. 14 x 70 Binos. Small and moderately bright splotch. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 12,730 miles. Distance (LY): 65,000 Luminosity (suns): 330,000 Moderate NGC 6715 Rating: 4 M Other Names: M54 Astronomical Leage Program: Messier Club, Messier Binocular Club Position: 1855-3029 Type: Gc Dimensions: 6' Class: 3 Magnitude: 9.0 Notes: Messier found it on July 24, 1778. It is 70 light years in diameter. The brightest stars are 15.5m and the horizontal branch is 17.7m. Absorption is 1.4m. Observations: C8 at 65x. Unresolved, it looks a little like a planetary nebula. Use high powers. A 9m star lies off the N edge. 14x70 Binos. Small and rather dim. Model (where the Sun is a baseball): Its diameter would be 38,200 miles. Distance (LY): 68,000 Luminosity (suns): 330,000 - 36 - Zone 268 Zone 268, Map 6 Double Stars Easy Kappa CrA Dunlop 222; HD 170867; SAO 210295 Rating: 3 E Position: 1833-3843 A B Magnitude 5.67 6.31 Separation PA — — 21.4 358 - Year — 1991 Spectra B9.5 V A0 III Colors W R Notes: 1836: 30.0 @ 0. 35 measurements. May be optical. Observations: C8 at 104x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 9.60 inches; B = 19.2 inches. Separation: AB = 57.4 miles. Distance (LY): 1,720 Total luminosity (Suns): 1910 Lambda CrA Cordoba 227; 11 CrA; HD 172777; SAO 210501 Rating: 4 E Position: 1844-3819 A B Magnitude 5.11 10.01 Separation PA — — 29.2 + 214 - Notes: 1894: 25.0 @ 215. 14 measurements. - 37 - Year — 1981 Spectra A0 V Colors yW W Zone 268 Observations: C8 at 104x. Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball): Diameter: A = 9.00 inches. Separation: AB = 9.20 miles. Distance (LY): 202 Total luminosity (Suns): 29.3 - 38 - Zone 268 Zone 268 Mini-Catalog Double Stars Designation Position Rating Map Holden 32 1803-2705 3E 1 h5012 1806-3437 3E 2 USNO 21 1809-2528 3E 1 h5036 1818-3406 3E 2 USNO 6 1829-2635 3E 1 Kappa CrA 1833-3843 3E 6 Argelander 32 1840-2530 3E 4 Howe 88 1806-3635 4E 3 Cordoba 223 1806-3418 4E 2 Bos 424 1814-3524 4E 3 h5037 1816-3110 4E 2 Bur 285 1817-2500 4E 1 Bos 387 1819-2644 4E 1 Rousseau 31 1824-2936 4E 1 h5051 1836-2849 4E 4 Lambda CrA 1844-3819 4E 6 Glasenapp 15 1857-3320 4E 5 Component A B C A B A B A B C D CD A B A B A B C D A B A B C BC A B C A B A B A B C D A B A B C D CD A B A B - 39 - Mag 8.35 9.40 11.50 8.59 9.13 6.76 8.70 6.03 9.47 8.67 10.20 6.68 8.10 5.67 6.31 7.45 9.10 8.82 11.27 7.46 8.90 7.99 9.94 11.30 8.36 10.90 10.52 7.66 10.09 9.02 9.77 8.55 9.88 10.73 14.00 8.05 8.58 9.19 10.50 10.89 12.20 5.11 10.01 7.16 8.78 Separation — 5.2 + 43.3 — 23.3 — 13.5 = — 39.0 + 94.1 = PA — 101 43.3 — 189 — 65 — 86 94.1 = 16.5 — 41.9 + — 21.4 — 7.1 53.3 -! 80.5 + — 3.2 + — 27.0 347 — 182 — 358 — 219 + 53.3 -! 80.5 + — 4+ — 244 26.7 — 0.9 + 42.5 — 37.4 + — 59.7 — 8.8 0.7 = 4.2 — 46.0 — 10.0 + 92.4 247 — 82 + 42.5 — 227 + — 141 + — 37 + 0.7 = 4.2 — 176 — 234 + 92.4 5.3 — 29.2 + — 49.1 - 33 — 214 — 10 + Zone 268 Designation Position Rating Map Innes 230 1801-3742 5E 3 Stone 38 1802-2741 5E 1 Harvard 148 1804-2529 5E 1 Olivier 17 1820-3500 5E 2 Cordoba 225 1826-2725 5E 1 Bos 2865 1826-2749 5E 1 Perth Obs 206 1835-3109 5E 5 Sigma Sgr 1855-2618 5E 4 H N 125 1829-2503 2M 1 Stone 40 1802-2731 3M 1 Bur 244 1809-2752 3M 1 See 356 1841-2953 3M 4 Bur 245 1810-3044 4M 2 Harvard 283 1805-3553 5M 3 Bos 934 1814-3737 5M 3 Stone 62 1835-3449 5M 5 Bur 133 1828-2638 5D 1 Component A B C A B A B A B A B C A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B - 40 - Mag 8.61 10.27 9.93 8.20 9.40 10.02 10.11 10.27 12.00 9.19 9.40 9.40 9.82 11.90 9.01 11.76 2.02 9.50 7.40 8.30 8.49 9.31 7.23 9.18 9.17 9.34 5.53 7.71 5.98 10.62 7.63 11.44 7.59 7.86 6.31 7.17 Separation — 6.6 + 62.6 — 6.4 — 4.6 — 6.0 + — 5.9 53.1 — 11.3 — 14.6 — 309 — 2.6 — 3.0 = — 2.2 + — 3.7 — 3.9 — 12.5 + — 14.7 — 2.2 + — 0.9 - PA — 138 62.6 — 84 — 17 + — 252 + — 359 + 53.1 — 296 — 160 — 244 — 105 = — 162 — 265 + — 132 — 353 — 290 + — 30 — 133 — 243 - Zone 268 Deep Space Objects Object NGC 6522 NGC 6624 NGC 6637 NGC 6652 NGC 6681 NGC 6520 NGC 6540 NGC 6544 NGC 6553 NGC 6558 NGC 6715 Barnard 86 NGC 6528 NGC 6644 NGC 6569 PK 2-9.1 NGC 6638 Position 1804-3002 1824-3022 1831-3221 1836-3259 1843-3218 1803-2754 1806-2749 1807-2500 1809-2554 1812-3146 1855-3029 1803-2750 1805-3003 1833-2508 1814-3150 1829-3130 1831-2530 Rating 3E 3E 3E 3E 4E 2M 4M 4M 4M 4M 4M 5M 5M 3D 4D 4D 4D Map 2 2 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 2 5 1 2 4 2 2 4 Type Gc (6) Gc (6) Gc (5) Gc (6) Gc (5) Oc (I 2rn) Oc (I 1pn) Gc Gc (11) Gc Gc (3) Dn Gc (5) Pn (2) Gc (8) Pn Gc (6) - 41 - Specifications Surface Mag Br 10.5 8.6 7.5 8.7 8.0 9.0 11.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 9.0 — 11.0 12.2 10.2 11.9 9.2 Population 60 12