Zone 180, Master Map
+06°00'
Normal View
Zone Master, Normal View, 10 deg FOV
+04°00'
ν
α
c
e
Kaffaljidhma
Pisces
α
Alrescha
+02°00'
γ
+00°00'
δ
Eridanus
f
-02°00'
M77
d
Mira
-04°00'
ο
02h 56m
02h 48m
02h 40m
02h 32m
02h 24m
02h 16m
02h 08m
02h 00m
Zone 180, Map 1
Normal Image
+05°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
Pisces
Alpha Psc
Alrescha
+01°00'
+02°00'
α
+03°00'
+04°00'
Bur 437
02h 30m
02h 25m
02h 20m
02h 15m
02h 10m
61 Cet
02h 05m
02h 00m
Zone 180, Map 1
Mirror Image
+05°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
+03°00'
+04°00'
Bur 437
Pisces
Alpha Psc
+01°00'
+02°00'
Alreschaα
02h 00m
61 Cet
02h 05m
02h 10m
02h 15m
02h 20m
02h 25m
02h 30m
Zone 180, Map 2
Normal Image
+00°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
61 Cet
STF 218
-01°00'
LDS 3346
Bur 516
NGC 936
Baillaud 9
-02°00'
STF 265
STF 266
ο
Mira
-03°00'
66 Cet
H VI 110
-04°00'
Omicron Cet
Bur 517
A 445
02h 30m
02h 25m
02h 20m
02h 15m
02h 10m
02h 05m
02h 00m
Zone 180, Map 2
Mirror Image
+00°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
61 Cet
STF 218
Bur 516
NGC 936
-01°00'
LDS 3346
Baillaud 9
-02°00'
STF 265
Mira
Omicron Cet
Bur 517
-04°00'
ο
H VI 110
-03°00'
STF 266
66 Cet
A 445
02h 00m
02h 05m
02h 10m
02h 15m
02h 20m
02h 25m
02h 30m
Zone 180, Map 3
Normal Image
+05°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
+04°00'
NGC 1070
Kaffaljidhma
Baillaud 1624
Gamma Cet
+02°00'
γ
+03°00'
Paloque 37
NGC 1016
NGC 1032
STF 274
NGC 1055
STF 332
δ
+01°00'
NGC 1073
Delta Cet
Gauchet 1
NGC 1068
NGC 1090
03h 00m
02h 55m
02h 50m
02h 45m
02h 40m
02h 35m
02h 30m
Zone 180, Map 3
Mirror Image
+05°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
Paloque 31
+04°00'
NGC 1070
Paloque 37
+03°00'
Kaffaljidhma
+02°00'
Gamma Cet γ
Baillaud 1624
NGC 1016
+01°00'
NGC 1073
NGC 1032
STF 274
Delta Cet δ
NGC 1055
STF 332
Gauchet 1
NGC 1068
02h 30m
02h 35m
02h 40m
02h 45m
NGC 1090
NGC 1094
02h 50m
02h 55m
03h 00m
Zone 180, Map 4
Normal Image
Gauchet 1
NGC 1068
NGC 1094
+00°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
NGC 1090
NGC 1087
STF 330
-01°00'
84 Cet
Baillaud 279
NGC 1015
NGC 955
Eridanus
Baillaud 18
-02°00'
NGC 1121
STF 290
STF 303
-04°00'
NGC 958
-03°00'
A 208
03h 00m
02h 55m
02h 50m
02h 45m
02h 40m
02h 35m
02h 30m
Zone 180, Map 4
Mirror Image
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
+00°00'
Gauchet 1
NGC 1068
NGC 1090
NGC 1094
NGC 1087
STF 330
-01°00'
84 Cet
NGC 955
NGC 1015
Baillaud 279
Eridanus
A 208
STF 290
NGC 1121
-02°00'
Baillaud 18
-03°00'
STF 303
-04°00'
NGC 958
02h 30m
02h 35m
02h 40m
02h 45m
02h 50m
02h 55m
03h 00m
Zone 180
1 Reference Star, 25 Double Stars, 14 Galaxies
Flamsteed
N
61 Cet .......................................................... 6
66 Cet .......................................................... 3
84 Cet ........................................................ 24
NGC 1015 ................................................. 28
NGC 1016 ................................................. 18
NGC 1032 ................................................. 18
NGC 1055 ................................................. 17
NGC 1068 ................................................. 25
NGC 1070 ................................................. 19
NGC 1073 ................................................. 19
NGC 1087 ................................................. 25
NGC 1090 ................................................. 27
NGC 1094 ................................................. 27
NGC 1121 ................................................. 29
NGC 936 ................................................... 11
NGC 955 ................................................... 28
NGC 958 ................................................... 28
A
A 208......................................................... 23
Alpha Psc .................................................... 2
B
Baillaud 1624 ............................................ 15
Baillaud 18 ................................................ 22
Baillaud 279 .............................................. 23
Baillaud 9 .................................................... 5
Bur 437........................................................ 3
Bur 516...................................................... 10
Bur 517...................................................... 11
O
D
Omicron Cet................................................ 8
Delta Cet ................................................... 13
P
G
Paloque 37................................................. 16
Gamma Cet ............................................... 16
Gauchet 1 .................................................. 15
S
STF 218....................................................... 4
STF 265....................................................... 6
STF 266....................................................... 5
STF 274..................................................... 13
STF 290..................................................... 21
STF 303..................................................... 22
STF 330..................................................... 20
STF 332..................................................... 14
H
H VI 110 ..................................................... 7
L
LDS 3346 .................................................... 7
-1-
Zone 158
Zone 180, Map 1
Double Stars
Moderate
Alpha Psc
Rating: 5 M
113 Psc; Al Rescha, "the cord", Okda; STF 202; ADS 1615; HD 12447; SAO 110291
Astronomical League Program: Double Star Club
Position: 0202+0246
A
B
Magnitude
4.18
5.10
Separation PA
—
—
1.8 273 -!
Year
—
1999
Spectra
A2p
A3
Colors
W
O
Notes:
1821: 3.4 @ 337. Over 100 measurements. The orbit takes 720 years to complete
(Rabe, 1961), with periastron (closest separation) due around 2060 AD. The stars share
common proper motion.However, Scardia (1981) gives an orbit of 933.05 years.
AC 1 measurement.
Both stars are spectroscopic binaries.
At the turn of the century, skilled observers like Pickering and Clerke thought the A
star was slightly variable, but no modern measurements have borne this out.
Observations:
C8 at 206x. Some observers report bW and bW, or gW and B (Webb), or Y and Y, or
pG and B.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 10.8 inches; B = 8.10 inches.
Separation: AB = 2,062 feet.
Distance (LY): 139
Total luminosity (Suns): 45.9
-2-
Zone 158
Bur 437
Rating: 5 M
ADS 1772; HD 14280; SAO 110465
Position: 0219+0412
A
B
Magnitude
7.72
11.24
Separation PA
—
—
6.8 31 -
Year
—
1997
Spectra
G5
Colors
Y
W
Notes:
1877: 7.2 @ 32. 18 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 39.0 inches.
Separation: AB = 9.87 miles.
Distance (LY): 930
Total luminosity (Suns): 58
Zone 180, Map 2
Double Stars
Easy
66 Cet
STF 231; ADS 1703; HD 13612; SAO 129752
Rating: 1 E
Position: 0213-0223
A
B
C
Magnitude
5.65
7.56
11.50
Separation
—
16.6 +
172.7
PA
—
234 +
61
-3-
Year
—
1991
1908
Spectra
F9 III
G4 V
Colors
Y
B
?
Zone 158
Notes:
AB 1821: 16.3 @ 226. Over 100
measurements. The stars share a large
common proper motion.
AC 1 measurement.
Observations:
C8 at 83x. Some observers report G and
B. Webb saw them as Y and B.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 31.5 inches; B = 3.00 inches.
Separation: AB = 3.89 miles; AC = 40.4
miles.
66 Cet (STF 231)
Observed with C-8
on 11/4/99; s7, t8
Magnification: 100x
Distance (LY): 150
Total luminosity (Suns): 11.144
STF 218
Rating: 2 E
ADS 1673; HD 13179
Position: 0209-0027
A
B
Magnitude
7.60
9.30
Separation PA
—
—
4.8 =
248 -
Year
—
1999
Spectra
F1 V
Colors
pO
pB
Notes:
1832: 4.8 @ 250. 59 measurements. The stars show similar proper motions.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. Webb saw them as W and B. Very rich field. Note the R star to the W.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 11.2 inches.
Separation: AB = 3.02 miles.
Distance (LY): 403
Total luminosity (Suns): 14
-4-
Zone 158
STF 266
Rating: 2 E
ADS 1839; HD 14986; SAO 129884
Position: 0224-0217
A
B
Magnitude
8.45
8.67
Separation PA
—
—
7.7 +
267 -
Year
—
1993
Spectra
F2 IV
Colors
pO
pB
Notes:
1829: 7.4 @ 268. 31 measurements. The stars have different proper motions.
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 11.9 inches.
Separation: AB = 9.61 miles.
Distance (LY): 800
Total luminosity (Suns): 40
Baillaud 9
Rating: 3 E
HD 12261
Position: 0200-0138
A
B
Magnitude
9.69
10.16
Separation PA
—
—
5.5 +
338 +
Year
—
1987
Spectra
F8
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1891: 5.5 @ 335. 1940: 5.2 @ 336. 3 measurements.
May be optical because Hipparcos gives different distances (90 and 46 light years).
Observations:
C11 at 115x. It is the center star of a 3-star dog leg.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 16.5 inches.
Separation: AB = 4,066 feet.
Distance (LY): 90
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.14
-5-
Zone 158
61 Cet
Rating: 3 E
ADS 1634; HD 12641; SAO 129667; Herschel H V 102
Position: 0204-0020
A
B
C
Magnitude
5.96
10.77
11.90
Separation
—
43.0 +
82.8 +
PA
—
194 +
326 =
Year
—
1975
1909
Spectra
G5II-III
G5 V
Colors
Y
B
No
Notes:
AB 1877: 42.7 @ 193. 19 measurements.
AC 1877: 80.4 @ 326. 4 measurements. C is optical.
Burnham found a 13m star at 80 @ 326.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. Very rich field.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 39.0 inches; B = 3.00 inches.
Separation: AB = 22.1 miles; AC = 42.6 miles
Distance (LY): 330
Total luminosity (Suns): 39
STF 265
Rating: 3 E
ADS 1835; HD 14937
Position: 0224-0145
A
B
Magnitude
9.10
9.45
Separation PA
—
—
12.2 +
136 -
Year
—
1991
Spectra
G0 IV
G0 IV
Colors
W
B
Notes:
1829: 12.1 @ 137. 23 measurements. The stars share common proper motion.
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
-6-
Zone 158
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 16.8 inches; B = 17.1 inches.
Separation: AB = 11.8 miles.
Distance (LY): 620
Total luminosity (Suns): 15
LDS 3346
Rating: 4 E
HD 13043; SAO 129706
Position: 0208-0038
A
B
Magnitude
6.88
10.47
Separation PA
—
—
78.2 337 -
Year
—
1988
Spectra
G2 V
Colors
yW
W?
Notes:
1929: 79.2 @ 338. 6 measurements.
The stars share a very large common proper motion.
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 7.90 inches.
Separation: AB = 14.8 miles.
Distance (LY): 121
Total luminosity (Suns): 2.1
H VI 110
Rating: 4 E
HD 13729; SAO 129762
Position: 0214-0302
A
B
Magnitude
7.36
10.38
Separation PA
—
—
79.4 140 +
Notes:
1895: 81.8 @ 136. 7 measurements.
-7-
Year
—
1991
Spectra
G0 III
G0 V
Colors
W
yW
Zone 158
Observations:
C8 at 104x. Faint but moderate field.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 32.4 inches; B = 3.45 inches.
Separation: AB = 48.4 miles.
Distance (LY): 391
Total luminosity (Suns): 16
Moderate
Omicron Cet
Other Names: 68 Cet; Mira, "Wonderful", VZ Cet; Joy 1, H VI 1
Rating: 4 D
Position: 0219-0259
Type: Red Star
Notes:
This star may be 500 times as large as the Sun at maximum (it is a long-period
pulsating variable) and (if you run some basic density calculations, assuming a mass of
about sixteen suns) would be a good laboratory vacuum! At minimum, Mira is fainter
than the Sun and one of the coolest stars known (surface temperature of about 1,900o K);
at maximum, it is 1,500 times brighter. It weighs in a 15.7 solar masses.
The light curve is on page 631 of Burnham's "Celestial Handbook". The variability of
this star was discovered in 1596 by the Dutch astronomer David Fabricus, although he
thought it was a nova and hence did not see its recurrence a year or so later. Bayer
included it in his star chart of 1603. Since at the time of the discovery of its variability
(around 1638), no other variable stars were known, it was given the name Mira (meaning
"wonderful").
Long period variables are fairly common. They tend to have large fluctuations in
magnitude (5 to 6 is common, 10 has been observed in some cases), and the periods are
long (60 days up to 700 days or more). The periods are slightly irregular. All known
LPV’s (as they are called) are red giants, usually of spectral class M, and are in late
stages of evolution, having just left the Main Sequence. Internally, Mira is probably
starting to burn helium in its core, with hydrogen being burned just outside the core.
Mira actually has a tiny variable companion lying about 0.5 seconds away, but I doubt
if you’ll ever spot it with an 8" telescope. Robert Aitken (using the 36" Lick refractor)
barely glimpsed it in 1923! If astronomers can work out the orbital elements of this little
companion, they would have an important scale with which to "weigh" Mira and thus
establish another important parameter in the study of stellar evolution. The companion is
a white dwarf some 3,300 times denser than the Sun.
-8-
Zone 158
So try to picture this in your mind— for millions of years, two stars orbited one
another, both of them several times more massive than the Sun. The more massive star
evolved faster and left the Main Sequence millions of years ago, flashed through its red
giant phase and evolved slowly into a white dwarf. Meanwhile, its scorched survivor
(Mira) also aged and, in our day, leaves the Main Sequence to follow its mate in the
protracted death dance of a large star.
There is a 9.3m optical companion at 121+” @ 71o.
Mira lends its name to a whole class of long period variables (stars with periods of 80
to 1,000 days or so), in which the magnitude fluctuates from 2.5 up to 10 magnitudes
(visually— the infra-red and bolometric magnitude changes are smaller). They are
numerous and all have irregular light curves. 90% of them are Me stars and the rest are
carbon stars and zirconium stars. All pulsate and most have evidence of shock waves in
their atmospheres.
This pair may be optical.
Mark Reid and Joshua Goldston (of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics) have a theory that goes against common sense— at first. They propose
that Mira is dimmest when it is largest, and that the dimming is caused by the formation
of titanium oxide in its vast outer envelope as it swells. TiO is fairly opaque to visible
light (it is often used in sunscreens!). In the Reid-Goldston model, the stellar envelope
that lies above the TiO layer is so dim that it contributes little visible light to Mira's
image.
AB 1923: 0.9 @ 132. 66 measurements.
AC 1877: 74.1 @ 92. 6 measurements.
AD 1782: 114.6 @ 92. 22 measurements.
AE 1921: 148.1 @ 318. 2 measurements.
From James Kaler's Star Notes:
Mira is the brightest of the red class M "long period variables," thousands of which
are now known. Our star varies from about third magnitude (though sometimes it can
reach second) way down to tenth, 40 or so times fainter than the human eye can see
alone, and then back again over a 330 day period. As a result it is sometimes a part of its
constellation, sometimes not. Mira, with a temperature just above 2,000 degrees Kelvin,
is one of the coolest stars in the sky. The star is approaching the last stages of its life.
Long ago, the hydrogen fusion that powered its core ran out, and then the by- product of
that fusion, helium, fused to carbon and oxygen, and now the helium has also run out.
The result of these internal changes is a hugely distended, very luminous star that is
double the size of the orbit of Mars. Hubble Space Telescope observations show that the
star is so unstable that it is not even round. The light variations are caused by pulsation,
changes in size that also affect the star's temperature. Mira's great size and instability
promote a wind that will soon blow away its outer envelope, the inner nuclear burning
portions condensing into a burnt-out "white dwarf," a tiny star the size of Earth, the rest
of the star lost to interstellar space. These long period variables help enrich the
interstellar gases, out of which new stars condense, with chemical elements formed in
-9-
Zone 158
their nuclear cauldrons. Most of the carbon in the Universe seems to have come from
them. Mira has a white dwarf companion to which all these events have already
happened. Many billions of years from now, the same will happen to our Sun.
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
C11 at 115x.
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 125 feet.
Separation: AB = 2,072 feet; AC = 47.8 miles; AD = 79.1 miles; AE = 97.1 miles.
Distance (LY): 419
Luminosity (suns): 15,000
Difficult
Bur 516
Rating: 4 D
ADS 1645; HD 12774; SAO 129686
Position: 0205-0058
A
B
Magnitude
8.29
8.64
Separation PA
—
—
0.7 311 +
Year
—
1995
Notes:
1877: 1.1 @ 285. 42 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 634x. I got a snowman on a night of marginal seeing.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 7.50 inches.
Separation: AB = 1.16 miles.
Distance (LY): 1,060
Total luminosity (Suns): 73
- 10 -
Spectra
A5
Colors
W
W
Zone 158
Bur 517
Rating: 5 D
ADS 1840; HD 15005; SAO 129887
Position: 0225-0354
A
B
C
Magnitude
6.89
12.10
12.99
Separation
—
11.1 +
56.0 +
PA
—
249 +
290 +
Year
—
1962
1916
Spectra
K0
Colors
O
?
?
Notes:
AB 1877: 10.8 @ 248. 9 measurements.
AC 1878: 55.0 @ 287. 7 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 83x.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 22.6 inches.
Separation: AB = 9.35 miles; AC = 47.2 miles.
Distance (LY): 540
Total luminosity (Suns): 31.33
Deep Sky Objects
Moderate
NGC 936
Other Names: UGC 1929, H IV 23
Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club
Rating: 2 M
Position: 0228-0109
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.5
Class: SB(rs)0+
Dimensions: 3' x 2'
- 11 -
Magnitude: 11.3
PA: 135
Zone 158
Notes:
It is a radio source. It lies 391,000
light years from NGC 941 and 1,350,000
light years from NGC 955.
Observations:
C8 at 65x. Very bright oval, with a
stellar nucleus. The axis runs NW-SE.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,367
NGC 936
Galaxy (sB0)
Observed with C8 on 11/4/99
Magnification: 100x
- 12 -
Zone 158
Zone 180, Map 3
Reference Star
Delta Cet (82 Cet; HD 16582; SAO 110665)
Position: 0239+0020
Mag : 4.08
Spectrum : B2 IV
Color : B
Assumed distance: 650 light years
Assumed luminosity (suns): 830
Notes:
The star is a spectroscopic binary and a member of the Cas-Tau OB1 Association.
Double Stars
Easy
STF 274
Rating: 1 E
ADS 1924; HD 15695; SAO 110591
Position: 0232+0105
A
B
Magnitude
7.46
7.67
Separation PA
—
—
13.5 220 =
Year
—
1991
Spectra
A2 V
A7 Vm
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1831: 13.8 @ 220. 53 measurements. The stars share common proper motion.
Observations:
C8 at 83x.
Sketch, next page.
- 13 -
Zone 158
STF 274
Observed with C-8
on 11/4/99; s 7, t8
Magnification: 100x
STF 332
Rating: 3 E
ADS 2244; HD 18433; SAO 110875
Position: 0258+0024
A
B
Magnitude
8.94
9.10
Separation PA
—
—
12.3 54 +
Year
—
1991
Spectra
G5
Colors
pO
pO
Notes:
1831: 12.7 @ 53. 36 measurements. The stars share common proper motion.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. Very rich field.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 20.49 inches.
Separation: AB = 2.74 miles.
Distance (LY): 143
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.9
- 14 -
Zone 158
Gauchet 1
Rating: 4 E
HD 15897; SAO 129971
Position: 0233+0009
A
B
Magnitude
8.02
11.10
Separation PA
—
—
9.3
169
Year
—
1920
Spectra
G5 III
Colors
Y
W
Notes:
1 measurement.
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 39.0 inches.
Separation: AB = 14.5 miles.
Distance (LY): 1,000
Total luminosity (Suns): 52
Moderate
Baillaud 1624
Rating: 5 M
Position: 0231+0314
A
B
Magnitude
10.23
10.60
Separation PA
—
—
4.4 236 -
Year
—
1983
Notes:
1909: 5.0 @ 240. 2 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Distance (LY): 242
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.76
- 15 -
Spectra
Colors
W
W
Zone 158
Difficult
Gamma Cet
Rating: 4 D
86 Cet; Alkaffaljidhina, "the whale's head"; STF 299; ADS 2080; HD 16970; SAO
110707
Astronomical League Program: Double Star Club
Position: 0243+0314
A
B
Magnitude
3.47
6.54
Separation PA
—
—
2.5 298 +
Year
—
1999
Spectra
A2 V
F3 V
Colors
B
Y
Notes:
1825: 2.8 @ 283. Over 100 measurements.
Star C (beyond an 8") is a red dwarf 18,000 AU (225 times the diameter of Pluto's
orbit!) from A. It is cataloged as LTT 10888.
The A star rotates with an equatorial velocity of 183 kps. It is 13 times as bright as
the Sun, while the B star is 1.2 times as bright. The orbit must take thousands of years
because the pa has changed only about 3o in a century.
It is part of the Ursa Major moving stream.
Observations:
C8 at 206x. Some observers report colors of Y and bW. There are also reports of the
B star being "dusky" (Franks).
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 8.40 inches; B = 4.80 inches.
Separation: AB = 1,689 feet.
Distance (LY): 82
Total luminosity (Suns): 21.83
Paloque 37
Rating: 5 D
HD 18320; SAO 110861
Position: 0257+0330
A
B
Magnitude
8.59
10.91
Separation PA
—
—
13.6 +
140 +
- 16 -
Year
—
1926
Spectra
G0
Colors
W
?
Zone 158
Notes:
1899: 12.4 @ 138. 3 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. The B star is very difficult.
Deep Sky Objects
Moderate
NGC 1055
Other Names: H II 6; UGC 2173, H I 1
Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club
Rating: 4 M
Position: 0242+0026
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.9
Class: SBb:
Dimensions: 8' x 4'
Magnitude: 11.5
PA: 105
Notes:
It may be interacting with M77, 425,000 light years away.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. Two 7m stars to the N (8.0m SAO 110692 on the E, 6.8m 110689 on the
W) are a problem. There is also an 11m star about 1 min N. The axis runs E-W, and a
dust lane is visible at high powers.
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Its diameter would be 32 million miles.
Distance (LY): 43,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +996
Luminosity (suns): 4,000,000,000
- 17 -
Zone 158
Difficult
NGC 1032
Other Names: H II 5; UGC 2147
Astronomical League Program: Herschel II Club
Rating: 4 D
Position: 0239+0105
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.0
Class: S0/a
Dimensions: 4' x 1'
Magnitude: 11.6
PA: 68
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It is an E-W streak that lies 3 min NE of a 12m star.
C11 at 98x. Quite nice, and, at 193x, a hint of a dust lane.
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Its diameter would be 44 million miles.
Distance (LY): 117,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +2,694
Luminosity (suns): 25,000,000,000
NGC 1016
Other Names: UGC 2128
Rating: 5 D
Position: 0238+0207
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.5
Class: E0
Dimensions: 2.3'
Magnitude: 11.6
Observations:
C11 at 115x. Very faint and small, 3 min E of a 10m star.
Distance (LY): 290,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +6,585
Total luminosity (Suns): 150,900,000,000
- 18 -
Zone 158
NGC 1070
Other Names: UGC 2200
Rating: 5 D
Astronomical League Program: Herschel II Club
Position: 0243+0458
Type: Gal
Class: Sb III
Magnitude: 11.9
Surface brightness: 13.7
Dimensions: 2.6' x 2.3'
PA: 175
Observations:
C11 at 98x. Large and faint, without a
well-defined nucleus. It lies 1 min from a
12m star. A rich field is to the NW.
Distance (LY): 180,000,000
Total luminosity (Suns): 44,100,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +4,088
NGC 1070
Galaxy (sb III)
Observed with C11 on 9/25/03
Magnification: 98x
Okie-Tex star Party
NGC 1073
Other Names: UGC 2210, H III 455
Astronomical League Program: Herschel II Club
Rating: 5 D
Position: 0244+0123
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 14.3
Class: SB(rs)c
Dimensions: 4'
Magnitude: 11.0
PA: 15
Notes:
In addition to its intrinsic beauty, this galaxy is well-known for its fortuitous line-ofsight towards three quasars!
This galaxy produced supernova 1962L.
- 19 -
Zone 158
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It is faint and round but with a sharp nucleus, and in a sparse field. Use
medium powers.
C11 at 98x. Very sharp nuclues (non-stellar) and substantial soft halo.
Distance (LY): 54,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,211
Total luminosity (Suns): 9,100,000,000
Zone 180, Map 4
Double Stars
Easy
STF 330
Rating: 1 E
ADS 2237; HD 18384; SAO 130205
Position: 0257-0035
A
B
Magnitude
7.16
9.66
Separation PA
—
—
9.0 +
193 +
Year
—
1991
Spectra
G8 III
Colors
pO!!
dB!!
Notes:
1832: 8.8 @ 191. 27 measurements. The stars have different proper motions.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. Webb said the colors were Y! and B.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 14.9 inches.
Separation: AB = 6.90 miles.
Distance (LY): 491
Total luminosity (Suns): 29
- 20 -
Zone 158
STF 330
Observed with C8
on 11/4/99; s7, t8
Magnification: 100x
STF 290
Rating: 3 E
ADS 2021; HD 16560; SAO 130038
Position: 0239-0154
A
B
C
Magnitude
8.46
10.13
14.20
Separation
—
9.9 16.8
PA
—
221 +
138
Year
—
1991
1904
Spectra
G0 IV
Colors
O
B
No
Notes:
AB 1830: 10.3 @ 220. 15 measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different
distances for these stars; they may be optical. However, the stars show similar proper
motion.
AC 1 measurement.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It forms the NW vertex of a right triangle.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 16.2 inches.
Separation: AB = 6.06 miles; AC = 10.3 miles.
Distance (LY): 392
Total luminosity (Suns): 6
- 21 -
Zone 158
STF 303
Rating: 5 E
ADS 2099; HD 17107; SAO 130090
Position: 0245-0158
A
B
Magnitude
8.53
9.50
Separation PA
—
—
5.9 +
181 =
Year
—
1991
Spectra
F0 III
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1831: 5.7 @ 181. 20 measurements. The stars show similar proper motions.
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 12.0 inches.
Separation: AB = 11.1 miles.
Distance (LY): 1,200
Total luminosity (Suns): 63
Baillaud 18
Rating: 5 E
Position: 0247-0142
A
B
Magnitude
9.44
10.50
Separation PA
—
—
9.0 350 -
Notes:
1899: 9.3 @ 352. 4 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
- 22 -
Year
—
1962
Spectra
Colors
W
W
Zone 158
A 208
Rating: 5 E
ADS 2250; HD 18497; SAO 130211
Position: 0258-0135
A
B
C
D
Magnitude
8.89
10.60
10.82
13.70
Separation
—
0.6 =
131.4 2.9 +
PA
—
291 +
279 56 +
Year
—
1976
1998
1946
Spectra
F0
Colors
W
No
W
No
Notes:
AB 1902: 0.6 @ 266. 13 measurements.
AC 1915: 146 @ 281. 1 measurement.
AD 1902: 2.4 @ 55. 7 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 11.0 inches.
Separation: AB = 158 feet; AC = 7.99 miles; AD = 898 feet.
Distance (LY): 39
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.046
Moderate
Baillaud 279
Rating: 3 M
HD 16885
Position: 0242-0120
A
B
Magnitude
9.27
9.58
Separation PA
—
—
6.1 41 +
Notes:
1891: 6.3 @ 39. 13 measurements.
- 23 -
Year
—
1991
Spectra
G0
Colors
W
W
Zone 158
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 32.4 inches.
Separation: AB = 20.9 miles.
Distance (LY): 2,200
Total luminosity (Suns): 150
Difficult
84 Cet
STF 295; ADS 2046; HD 16765; SAO 130055
Rating: 4 D
Position: 0241-0041
A
B
Magnitude
5.72
9.51
Separation PA
—
—
3.6 308 -
Year
—
1993
Spectra
F6 IV
Colors
Y
O
Notes:
1829: 4.6 @ 335. Over 100 measurements. Star A may be a Delta Scuti variable.
Observations:
C8 at 206x. Webb saw them as Y and W.
Scale Model (in which the Sun is a baseball):
Diameter: A = 8.25 inches.
Separation: AB = 2,106 feet.
Distance (LY): 71
Total luminosity (Suns): 1.99
- 24 -
Zone 158
Deep Sky Objects
Easy
NGC 1087
Other Names: UGC 2245, H II 466
Astronomical League Program: Herschel II Club
Rating: 4 E
Position: 0246-0030
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.3
Class: SAB(rs)c
Dimensions: 2' x 1'
Magnitude: 11.4
PA: 0
Notes:
SN 1995V was detected in this galaxy on August 18.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It forms a right triangle with a 9m star and a 10m star. It has a N-S axis,
and is fairly easy.
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Its diameter would be 12 million miles.
Distance (LY): 66,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,515
Luminosity (suns): 9,400,000,000
Difficult
NGC 1068
Rating: 2 D
Other Names: UGC 2188, M77
Astronomical Leage Program: Messier Club; Urban Deep Sky Club
Position: 0243-0001
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.2
Class: (R)SA(rs)b
Dimensions: 3' x 2'
- 25 -
Magnitude: 8.9
PA: 70
Zone 158
Notes:
Messier added it to his cataog on December 17, 1780 after observations by P.
Mechain on October 29.
It is 100,000 light years in diameter and is a Seyfert galaxy with a nucleus that is
40,000 light years in diameter. It is also a little unusual in that it boasts of three spiral
arms.
Recent photos with the repaired Hubble Space Telescope shows a double cone
erupting from the core, a possible tell-tale signature of a black hole at the core.
M77 has a mass of 100 billion suns and is 80,000 light years in diameter.
It was one of two galaxies in which
large redshifts were first detected by Vesto
Slipher (1913; the other galaxy was M104,
the "Sombrero").
It is a Seyfert galaxy. Seyfert galaxies
emit intense and variable ultraviolet
radiation from tiny, brilliant nuclei, and
may be linked evolutionally to quasars. In
fact, in the heart of M77, moving gas
clouds of about 10 million solar masses
have been clocked at over 360 miles per
second velocity! Other Messier Seyferts
include M82 and M87.
Observations:
C8 at 65x. Small nucleus with a bright
halo; round. It takes high power well. An
11m star is on the E edge. It runs NE-SW
and you'll find averted vision a help.
NGC 1068 (M77)
Galaxy (sb)
Observed with C-8 on 11/4/99
Magnification: 100x
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Its diameter would be 19 million miles.
Distance (LY): 66,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,032
Luminosity (suns): 94,000,000,000
- 26 -
Zone 158
NGC 1090
Other Names: UGC 2247, H II 465
Astronomical League Program: Herschel II Club
Rating: 4 D
Position: 0247-0015
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.8
Class: SB(rs)bc
Dimensions: 3.9' x 1.8'
Magnitude: 11.8
PA: 102
Notes:
Member of NGC 1068 group.
This galaxy produced supernova 1962K and 1971T.
Observations:
C11 at 115x. Starlike nucleus and extremely faint halo, no details whatsoever. But
somehwat splotchy.
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Its diameter would be 44 million miles.
Distance (LY): 120,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +2,758
Luminosity (suns): 21,500,000,000
NGC 1094
Other Names: H III 462; UGC 2262
Rating: 4 D
Position: 0248-0018
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.5
Class: SAB(s)ab
Dimensions: 1' x 1'
Magnitude: 12.5
PA: 85
Observations:
C8 at 104x. I noted a stellar nucleus and small, faint halo.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +6,464
- 27 -
Zone 158
NGC 955
Other Names: H II 278; UGC 1986
Rating: 5 D
Position: 0231-0106
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.9
Class: Sab:
Dimensions: 3.0' x 1.0'
Magnitude: 12.0
PA: 19
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It looked like a very faint splash of light best picked up with tube
movement.
Distance (LY): 68,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,487
Total luminosity (Suns): 5,800,000,000
NGC 958
Other Names: H II 237; PGC 9560
Position: 0231-0255
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.7
Rating: 5 D
Class: SB(rs)c:
Dimensions: 2.8' x 1.1'
Magnitude: 12.1
PA: 173
Observations:
C8 at 104x. I noticed a stellar nucleus without a halo.
Distance (LY): 250,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +5,738
Total luminosity (Suns): 70,800,000,000
NGC 1015
Other Names: UGC 2124
Rating: 5 D
Position: 0238-0119
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 14.0
Class: SB(r)a:
Dimensions: 2.6' x 2.6'
Magnitude: 12.1
Observations:
C11 at 193x. Very faint, round glow near a narrow triangle of moderately bright
stars.
- 28 -
Zone 158
Distance (LY): 120,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +2,631
Total luminosity (Suns): 16,300,000,000
NGC 1121
Other Names: UGC 2332
Rating: 5 D
Position: 0251-0144
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 11.8
Class: S0:
Dimensions: 1' x 0.5'
Magnitude: 12.9
PA: 10
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It is an extremely faint smudge. Use tube movement.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +2,597
- 29 -
Zone 158
Zone 180 Mini-Catalog
Double Stars
Designation
Position
Rating
Map
66 Cet
0213-0223
1E
2
STF 274
0232+0105
1E
3
STF 330
0257-0035
1E
4
STF 218
0209-0027
2E
2
STF 266
0224-0217
2E
2
Baillaud 9
0200-0138
3E
2
61 Cet
0204-0020
3E
2
STF 265
0224-0145
3E
2
STF 290
0239-0154
3E
4
STF 332
0258+0024
3E
3
LDS 3346
0208-0038
4E
2
H VI 110
0214-0302
4E
2
Gauchet 1
0233+0009
4E
3
STF 303
0245-0158
5E
4
Baillaud 18
0247-0142
5E
4
A 208
0258-0135
5E
4
Baillaud 279
0242-0120
3M
4
Alpha Psc
0202+0246
5M
1
Bur 437
0219+0412
5M
1
Baillaud 1624
0231+0314
5M
3
Bur 516
0205-0058
4D
2
Component
A
B
C
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
C
A
B
A
B
C
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
C
D
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
- 30 -
Mag
5.65
7.56
11.50
7.46
7.67
7.16
9.66
7.60
9.30
8.45
8.67
9.69
10.16
5.96
10.77
11.90
9.10
9.45
8.46
10.13
14.20
8.94
9.10
6.88
10.47
7.36
10.38
8.02
11.10
8.53
9.50
9.44
10.50
8.89
10.60
10.82
13.70
9.27
9.58
4.18
5.10
7.72
11.24
10.23
10.60
8.29
8.64
Separation
—
16.6 +
172.7
—
13.5 —
9.0 +
—
4.8 =
—
7.7 +
—
5.5 +
—
43.0 +
82.8 +
—
12.2 +
—
9.9 16.8
—
12.3 —
78.2 —
79.4 —
9.3
—
5.9 +
—
9.0 —
0.6 =
131.4 2.9 +
—
6.1 —
1.8 —
6.8 —
4.4 —
0.7 -
PA
—
234 +
172.7
—
220 =
—
193 +
—
248 —
267 —
338 +
—
194 +
82.8 +
—
136 —
221 +
16.8
—
54 +
—
337 —
140 +
—
169
—
181 =
—
350 —
291 +
131.4 2.9 +
—
41 +
—
273 -!
—
31 —
236 —
311 +
Zone 158
Designation
Position
Rating
Map
84 Cet
0241-0041
4D
4
Gamma Cet
0243+0314
4D
3
Bur 517
0225-0354
5D
2
Paloque 37
0257+0330
5D
3
Component
A
B
A
B
A
B
C
A
B
Mag
5.72
9.51
3.47
6.54
6.89
12.10
12.99
8.59
10.91
Separation
—
3.6 —
2.5 —
11.1 +
56.0 +
—
13.6 +
PA
—
308 —
298 +
—
249 +
56.0 +
—
140 +
Deep Space Objects
Object
NGC 1068
Omicron Cet
NGC 1032
NGC 1090
NGC 1094
NGC 955
NGC 958
NGC 1016
NGC 1015
NGC 1070
NGC 1073
NGC 1121
NGC 1087
NGC 936
NGC 1055
Position
0243-0001
0219-0259
0239+0105
0247-0015
0248-0018
0231-0106
0231-0255
0238+0207
0238-0119
0243+0458
0244+0123
0251-0144
0246-0030
0228-0109
0242+0026
Rating
2D
4D
4D
4D
4D
5D
5D
5D
5D
5D
5D
5D
4E
2M
4M
Map
4
2
3
4
4
4
4
3
4
3
3
4
4
2
3
Type
Gal (Sb)
Red star
Gal (S0/a)
Gal (SB(rs)bc)
Gal (SAB(s)ab)
Gal (Sab:)
Gal (SB(rs)c:)
Gal (E0)
Gal (SB(r)a:)
Gal (Sb III)
Gal (SB(rs)c)
Gal (S0:)
Gal (SAB(rs)c)
Gal (SB(rs)0+)
Gal (SBb:)
- 31 -
Specifications
Surface
Mag
Br
8.9
13.2
11.6
11.8
12.5
12.0
12.1
11.6
12.1
11.9
11.0
12.9
11.4
11.3
11.5
13.0
13.8
12.5
12.9
12.7
13.5
14.0
13.7
14.3
11.8
13.3
13.5
13.9
Population