Zone 164, Master Map
+16°00'
Normal View
Zone Master, Normal View, 10 deg FOV
+14°00'
e
g
M105
M96
α
f
M95
Regulus
+10°00'
h
ν
+12°00'
c
d
+06°00'
i
π
Sextans
10h 56m
10h 48m
+08°00'
ρ
10h 40m
10h 32m
10h 24m
10h 16m
10h 08m
10h 00m
Zone 164, Map 1
Normal Image
+15°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
h162
NGC 3075
+14°00'
NGC 3121
NGC 3107
NGC 3107
STF 1438 rej
NGC 3080
IC 585
+13°00'
h158
NGC 3153
NGC 3230
Leo I α
+12°00'
IC 591
Regulus
Alpha Leo
Hough 372
+11°00'
h159
OS 220
STF 1419
NGC 3130
45 Leo
10h 30m
10h 25m
10h 20m
10h 15m
10h 10m
10h 05m
10h 00m
Zone 164, Map 1
Mirror Image
+15°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
+14°00'
NGC 3121
NGC 3107
NGC 3107
+13°00'
h158
NGC 3253
NGC 3153
NGC 3230
Alpha Leoα
+12°00'
IC 591
Leo I
Regulus
+11°00'
h159
H V 63
STF 1419
NGC 3130
45 Leo
10h 00m
10h 05m
10h 10m
10h 15m
10h 20m
10h 25m
10h 30m
Zone 164, Map 2
Normal Image
OS 220
+10°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
STF 1419
NGC 3130
+09°00'
45 Leo
+07°00'
π
+08°00'
STF 1431
IC 602
STF 1426
+06°00'
STF 1401
Sh 115
h149
10h 30m
10h 25m
10h 20m
10h 15m
10h 10m
10h 05m
10h 00m
Zone 164, Map 2
Mirror Image
+10°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
STF 1419
NGC 3130
+09°00'
45 Leo
+08°00'
STF 1431
+07°00'
π
IC 602
STF 1426
+06°00'
STF 1401
Sh 115
h149
10h 00m
10h 05m
10h 10m
10h 15m
10h 20m
10h 25m
10h 30m
Zone 164, Map 3
Normal Image
+15°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque, Inc.
NGC 3346
h162
+14°00'
NGC 3300
NGC 3357
+13°00'
NGC 3338
NGC 3299
NGC 3306
10h 44m
10h 40m
10h 36m
10h 32m
Zone 164, Map 3
Mirror Image
+15°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque, Inc.
NGC 3346
h162
NGC 3357
+14°00'
NGC 3300
+13°00'
NGC 3338
NGC 3299
NGC 3306
10h 32m
10h 36m
10h 40m
10h 44m
Zone 164, Map 4
Normal Image
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque, Inc.
NGC 3306
+12°00'
h167
h166
M95
NGC 3351
+11°00'
Bigourdan 1
10h 44m
10h 40m
10h 36m
10h 32m
Zone 164, Map 4
Mirror Image
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque, Inc.
+12°00'
NGC 3306
h167
h166
M95
NGC 3351
Hough 372
+11°00'
Bigourdan 1
10h 32m
10h 36m
10h 40m
10h 44m
Zone 164, Map 5
Normal Image
+15°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque, Inc.
NGC 3485
NGC 3419
NGC 3489
NGC 3377
+14°00'
NGC 3391
NGC 3367
h2547
NGC 3412
STF 1496
STF 1472 rej
STF 1477
Heintz 360
NGC 3384
NGC 3389
11h 00m
10h 56m
10h 52m
M105
NGC 3379
10h 48m
+13°00'
A. G. 341
Zone 164, Map 5
Mirror Image
+15°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque, Inc.
NGC 3377
+14°00'
NGC 3391
NGC 3419
NGC 3367
NGC 3412
h2547
STF 1496
+13°00'
A. G. 341
STF 1472 rej
STF 1477
NGC 3384
M105
NGC 3379NGC 3389
10h 48m
10h 52m
10h 56m
11h 00m
Zone 164, Map 6
Normal Image
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque, Inc.
NGC 3384
M105
NGC 3379
+12°00'
NGC 3389
Hipparcos 1567
+11°00'
M96
NGC 3368
NGC 3433
11h 00m
10h 56m
10h 52m
10h 48m
Zone 164, Map 6
Mirror Image
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque, Inc.
M105
NGC 3379NGC 3389
+12°00'
NGC 3384
+11°00'
M96
NGC 3368
NGC 3433
10h 48m
10h 52m
10h 56m
11h 00m
Zone 164, Map 7
Normal Image
+10°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
NGC 3433 NGC 3433
NGC 3467
NGC 3466
Rho Leoρ
NGC 3428
NGC 3332
+09°00'
NGC 3428
STF 1497 rej
NGC 3332
49 Leo
NGC 3425
+08°00'
NGC 3427
IC 658
NGC 3462
+07°00'
STF 1482
+06°00'
NGC 3356
LDS 2877
NGC 3362 NGC 3362
Sextans
NGC 3423
NGC 3423
STF 1457
A 2773
h2540
NGC 3385
35 Sex
11h 00m
10h 55m
10h 50m
10h 45m
10h 40m
10h 35m
10h 30m
Zone 164, Map 7
Mirror Image
OS 220
+10°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
NGC 3433 NGC 3433
Rho Leo
NGC 3428
NGC 3428
NGC 3332NGC 3332
49 Leo
STF 1497 rej
NGC 3425
NGC 3427
IC 658
+08°00'
ρ
+09°00'
NGC 3467
NGC 3466
NGC 3462
+07°00'
STF 1482
NGC 3356
+06°00'
NGC 3362 NGC 3362
LDS 2877
Sextans
NGC 3423 NGC 3423
STF 1457
h2540
A 2773
NGC 3385
35 Sex
10h 30m
10h 35m
10h 40m
10h 45m
10h 50m
10h 55m
11h 00m
Zone 164
1 Reference Star, 29 Double Stars, 23 Galaxies
4
NGC 3357 ............................................ 11
NGC 3362 ............................................ 32
NGC 3367 ............................................ 22
NGC 3368 ............................................ 25
NGC 3377 ............................................ 20
NGC 3379 ............................................ 22
NGC 3384 ............................................ 21
NGC 3389 ............................................ 24
NGC 3391 ............................................ 20
NGC 3412 ............................................ 23
NGC 3419 ............................................ 23
NGC 3423 ............................................ 32
NGC 3428 ............................................ 33
NGC 3433 ............................................ 27
45 Leo .................................................. 10
49 Leo .................................................. 31
A
A 2773 ................................................. 31
A. G. 341 ............................................. 18
Alpha Leo .............................................. 3
B
Bigourdan 1 ......................................... 14
H
h158 ....................................................... 2
h159 ....................................................... 4
h162 ....................................................... 5
h166 ..................................................... 14
h167 ..................................................... 15
h2540 ................................................... 29
h2547 ................................................... 19
Hipparcos 1567.................................... 24
Hough 372 ............................................. 5
O
OS 220 ................................................... 6
R
Rho Leo................................................ 28
S
Sh 115 .................................................... 8
STF 1401................................................ 8
STF 1419................................................ 4
STF 1426................................................ 9
STF 1431................................................ 9
STF 1438 rej .......................................... 2
STF 1457.............................................. 30
STF 1472 rej ........................................ 17
STF 1477.............................................. 18
STF 1482.............................................. 28
STF 1496.............................................. 19
STF 1497 rej ........................................ 30
L
LDS 2877............................................. 15
N
NGC 3107.............................................. 7
NGC 3299............................................ 12
NGC 3300............................................ 11
NGC 3306............................................ 12
NGC 3332............................................ 33
NGC 3338............................................ 13
NGC 3346............................................ 13
NGC 3351............................................ 16
-1-
Zone 164
Zone 164, Map 1
Double Stars
Easy
h158
Rating: 4 E
SAO 99068
Position: 1020+1327
A
B
Magnitude
9.13
12.21
Separation PA
—
—
21.2 +
161 -
Year
—
1926
Spectra
K2
Colors
Y
W?
Notes:
1906: 20.5 @ 166. 3 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
STF 1438 rej
Rating: 4 E
HD 90699; SAO 99147
Position: 1029+1309
A
B
Magnitude
9.13
11.10
Separation PA
—
—
13.5 247 -
Notes:
1903: 14.7 @ 248. 5 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
-2-
Year
—
1926
Spectra
G
Colors
Y
R
Zone 164
Alpha Leo
Rating: 5 E
32 Leo; Regulus, "little king"; Holden 127; SII 6; ADS 7654; HD 87901; SAO 98967
Position: 1008+1157
A
B
C
D
Magnitude
1.35
8.12
13.10
Separation PA
—
—
174.8 308 +
217.0
274
Year
—
1989
Spectra
B7 V
K1 V
1924
Colors
W
W
No
No
Notes:
AB 1836: 176.8 @ 307. 1960: 178.0 @ 307. 34 measurements.
BC 1835: 4.0.0 @ 89. 14 measurements.
AD 1 measurement.
Regulus is 5 times the diameter of the Sun and has a surface temperature of 13,000o
K. Its diameter is 0.00134". It is also an infra-red source.
The orbit with its companion takes about 2,000 years. Regulus itself is also a
spectroscopic binary and spins like the Tasmanian Devil— 329 kps! This must give it a
distinct ellipsoidal shape.
Regulus A and B make an interesting study in Main Sequence stars. Regulus is a B7
class while B is a K1. A K1 star would have a surface temperature of only about 4,000
Kelvin (less than a third that of Regulus). B stars are strong in Helium; K strong in heavy
metals. From the Stefan-Boltzman Law, we know that the radiant energy of a blackbody
is proportional to its temperature to the fourth power, so every square meter of Regulus
would radiate about 112 times as much energy as companion B. Regulus works out to
130 times the Sun's brightness, while lowly B is only 38% as bright as the Sun.
The stars share common proper motion.
From James Kaler's Star Notes:
At a distance of only 77 light years, though technically a dwarf, Regulus is still
visually 140 times brighter than the Sun, the luminosity climbing to 240 time brighter
when the star's ultraviolet radiation is taken into account.
The star is almost exactly on the ecliptic, the path of the Sun, and is regularly
occulted, or covered over, by the Moon. Its mass is some 3.5 times solar. Consistently, it
is 3.5 times larger than the Sun, the figure derived both from temperature and luminosity
and from a direct measure of angular diameter. Regulus has a distant lower mass
companion located at least 4,200 astronomical units away from it (100 times Pluto's
distance from the Sun), which orbits Regulus with a period of at least 130,000 years. The
companion is itself a double separated by at least 95 astronomical units) in a thousand
year orbit. Both stars are less massive and dimmer than the Sun. The brighter is an orange
-3-
Zone 164
dwarf similar to the lesser component of Alpha Centauri, while the fainter is a red (class
M) dwarf. From the little double, Regulus would look like a brilliant star six times
brighter than our full Moon.
Observations:
C8 at 83x. The magnitude gap makes it very difficult.
C8 with Micro-Guide (160x). I made five pairs of separation and PA measures using
the Micro-Guide and got an average of 179" at 308 PA.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 10.5 inches.
Separation: AB = 72.3 miles; AC = 183 miles.
Distance (LY): 77
Total luminosity (Suns): 140
STF 1419
Rating: 5 E
ADS 7710; HD 89126; SAO 99036
Position: 1017+1007
A
B
Magnitude
8.40
9.49
Separation PA
—
—
4.3 224 =
Year
—
1998
Spectra
A0
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1828: 4.4 @ 224. 34 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 419x. Webb noted W and B.
Moderate
h159
Rating: 5 M
HD 89574; SAO 99074
Position: 1020+1121
A
B
Magnitude
7.71
12.13
Separation PA
—
—
42.8 +
10 -
-4-
Year
—
1909
Spectra
K0
Colors
Y
?
Zone 164
Notes:
1906: 41.5 @ 11. 2 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 83x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 23.9 inches.
Separation: AB = 54.8 miles.
Distance (LY): 820
Total luminosity (Suns): 121
h162
Rating: 5 M
HD 90879; SAO 99159
Position: 1030+1441
A
B
Magnitude
8.94
11.50
Separation PA
—
—
15.0
330
Year
—
1820
Spectra
K0
Colors
yW
?
Notes:
1 measurement.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 25.7 inches.
Separation: AB = 2.27 miles.
Distance (LY): 97
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.214
Hough 372
Rating: 5 M
ADS 7803; SAO 99162
Position: 1030+1138
A
B
C
Magnitude
8.72
14.05
10.98
Separation
—
14.5 +
46.8 -
PA
—
77 204 =
-5-
Year
—
1926
1991
Spectra
K0
Colors
W
?
bW
Zone 164
Notes:
AB 1891: 13.3 @ 78. 4 measurements.
AC 1891: 47.5 @ 204. 8 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 280x. Use high powers and averted vision to glimpse B.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 25.4 inches.
Separation: AB = 6.35 miles; AC = 20.5 miles.
Distance (LY): 281
Total luminosity (Suns): 2.8
Difficult
OS 220
Rating: 4 D
ADS 7792; HD 90791; SAO 99153
Position: 1029+1009
A
B
Magnitude
7.14
9.70
Separation PA
—
—
0.6 97 +
Year
—
1997
Spectra
F8
Colors
W
Y
Notes:
1843: 1.2 @ 57. 48 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 634x. Very rich field-- almost like an open cluster!
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 14.1 inches.
Separation: AB = 1,162 feet.
Distance (LY): 243
Total luminosity (Suns): 7.04
-6-
Zone 164
Deep Sky Objects
Difficult
NGC 3107
Other Names: UGC 5425; H II 898
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1004+1337
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.4
Class: Sbc:
Dimensions: 42" x 36"
Magnitude: 13.4
PA: 140
Observations:
C11 at 140x with light pollution filter. Very faint and small blob badly fried by a
7.8m star 2 min S.
C11 at 193x. Rapidly brighter middle with a very, very faint skirt. There is a deep
reddish-orange star 10 min NW.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +3,107
-7-
Zone 164
Zone 164, Map 2
Double Stars
Easy
STF 1401
Rating: 3 E
ADS 7604; HD 86683; SAO 118045
Position: 1000+0615
A
B
Magnitude
7.69
10.53
Separation PA
—
—
24.3 +
21 =
Year
—
1997
Spectra
F5
Colors
W
R
Notes:
1829: 23.7 @ 21. 14 measurements. The stars share common proper motion.
Observations:
C8 at 83x. A 9.7m star (SAO 118046, F5) is 20" N.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 12.8 inches.
Separation: AB = .735 miles.
Distance (LY): 194
Total luminosity (Suns): 2.9
Sh 115
Rating: 4 E
HD 89995; SAO 118271
Position: 1023+0542
A
B
Magnitude
6.54
9.10
Separation PA
—
—
61.8 +
7 +!
Year
—
1989
Spectra
F6 V
Colors
W
bW
Notes:
1823: 60.4 @ 330. 17 measurements. The stars have different proper motions.
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
-8-
Zone 164
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 4.20 inches.
Separation: AB = 17.6 miles.
Distance (LY): 182
Total luminosity (Suns): 7.1
Moderate
STF 1431
Rating: 3 M
ADS 7764; HD 90303; SAO 118292
Position: 1026+0847
A
B
Magnitude
7.50
9.14
Separation PA
—
—
3.5 +
73 +
Year
—
1998
Spectra
F0 III
Colors
bW
O
Notes:
1831: 3.4 @ 65. 44 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 206x. It lies 5 min E of 44 Leo. Webb saw them as W and bW.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 23.7 inches.
Separation: AB = 3.38 miles.
Distance (LY): 620
Total luminosity (Suns): 34
Difficult
STF 1426
Rating: 3 D
ADS 7730; HD 89619; SAO 118241
Position: 1021+0626
A
B
C
D
Magnitude
8.04
8.33
9.61
12.44
Separation
—
0.8 +
7.8 +
33.9 -
PA
—
309 +
845 =
-9-
Year
—
1997
1991
1991
Spectra
F5
Colors
Y
Y
B
No
Zone 164
Notes:
AB 1833: 0.7 @ 259. Over 100 measurements.
AC 1832: 7.4 @ 9. 86 measurements.
AD 1876: 34.4 @ 45. 2 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 280x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 13.1 inches.
Separation: AB = 3,062 feet; AC = 5.68 miles; AD = 24.7 miles.
Distance (LY): 467
Total luminosity (Suns): 27
45 Leo
CX Leo; h832; ADS 7781; HD 90569; SAO 99136
Position: 1028+0946
A
B
Magnitude
6.01
13.23
Separation PA
—
—
37.2 132 =
Rating: 5 D
Year
—
1924
Spectra
A0p
Colors
W
?
Notes:
1904: 38.6 @ 132. 3 measurements. Star A is a spectroscopic binary and is a Alpha
CVn variable.
The orbital period is 34.66 years.
Observations:
C8 at 83x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 5.31 inches.
Separation: AB = 22.4 miles.
Distance (LY): 385
Total luminosity (Suns): 47.46
- 10 -
Zone 164
Zone 164, Map 3
Deep Sky Objects
Moderate
NGC 3300
Other Names: H III 55; UGC 5766
Rating: 4 M
Position: 1037+1410
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.5
Class: SAB(r)0o:?
Dimensions: 1.8' x 0.9'
Magnitude: 12.1
PA: 173
Observations:
C8 at 206x. It was noticed at 104x, but shows up better at 200x. It displays a uniform
glow with no noticeable halo. It lies on the W side of a "keystone" asterism made up of a
7.8m anchor star (the SE corner), a 9m star (NE), a 10m star (NW), and another 10m star
(SW). Moderate field.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +3,075
NGC 3357
Other Names: UGC 5206
Rating: 4 M
Position: 1045+1405
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.5
Class: E+:
Dimensions: 1.4' x 1.3'
Magnitude: 12.6
PA: 90
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It looks like a dense, fuzzy ball without a sharp nucleus.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +9,809
- 11 -
Zone 164
Difficult
NGC 3306
Other Names: UGC 5774
Rating: 4 D
Position: 1037+1239
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.9
Class: SAB(s)dm
Dimensions: 1.4' x 0.5'
Magnitude: 13.5
PA: 141
Notes:
This galaxy produced supernova 2002hg (type II).
Observations:
C11 at 98x. Starlike (slightly fuzzy) nucleus and very small and faint halo. A 7.8m
star lies 10 min N.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +2,889
NGC 3299
Other Names: UGC 5761; H III 54
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1036+1242
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 14.1
Class: SAB(s)dm
Dimensions: 1.9' x 1.6'
Magnitude: 12.8
PA: 3
Observations:
C11 at 98x. Very faint and hazy patch just glimpsed with tube movement.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +641
- 12 -
Zone 164
NGC 3338
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1042+1345
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.9
Class: SA(s)c I-II
Dimensions: 5' x 3'
Magnitude: 11.6
PA: 100
Notes:
This galaxy is part of the Leo Group. Two quasars are less than 1 minute away.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It possesses very low surface brightness, with an E-W axis. A 9m star is
3 min W.
Distance (LY): 52,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,201
Total luminosity (Suns): 4,900,000,000
NGC 3346
Other Names: UGC 5842
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1044+1452
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.4
Class: SB(rs)cd
Dimensions: 2.3' x 2'
Magnitude: 12.4
Observations:
C8 at 104x. Starlike core, and very faint. A pair of 10m stars lies to the W.
Distance (LY): 49,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,260
Total luminosity (Suns): 2,100,000,000
- 13 -
Zone 164
Zone 164, Map 4
Double Stars
Easy
Bigourdan 1
Rating: 3 E
HD 91785; SAO 99198
Position: 1036+1137
A
B
Magnitude
7.25
9.67
Separation PA
—
—
59.5 +
332 -
Year
—
1991
Spectra
K2
Colors
Y
B
Notes:
1880: 55.7 @ 339. 9 measurements.
The stars have a large difference in proper motion and Hipparcos gives different
distances (660 and 86 light years).
Observations:
C8 at 83x.
Moderate
h166
Rating: 5 M
ADS 7876
Position: 1040+1201
A
B
C
Magnitude
10.65
11.90
12.65
Separation
—
7.8 39.0
PA
—
286 60
Notes:
AB 1902: 8.6 @ 287. 3 measurements.
AC 1902: 39.0 @ 60. 2 measurements.
- 14 -
Year
—
1958
1920
Spectra
F0
Colors
W
?
?
Zone 164
Observations:
C11 at 193x.
h167
Rating: 5 M
HD 92457; SAO 99245
Position: 1041+1205
A
B
Magnitude
8.17
12.50
Separation PA
—
—
55.2
330
Year
—
1924
Spectra
K2
Colors
yW
?
Notes:
1 measurement.
Observations:
C8 at 83x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 27.1 inches.
Separation: AB = 68.9 miles.
Distance (LY): 800
Total luminosity (Suns): 30.34
LDS 2877
Rating: 5 M
HD 92718; SAO 118442
Position: 1043+0640
A
B
Magnitude
9.47
11.22
Separation PA
—
—
5.6 +
273 -
Notes:
1903: 5.2 @ 277. 6 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 98x.
- 15 -
Year
—
1991
Spectra
G0
Colors
W
?
Zone 164
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 18.4 inches.
Separation: AB = 4.45 miles.
Distance (LY): 510
Total luminosity (Suns): 3.9
Deep Sky Objects
Easy
NGC 3351
Other Names: UGC 5850, M95
Astronomical Leage Program: Messier Club
Rating: 2 E
Position: 1044+1142
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.5
Class: SB(r)b II
Dimensions: 4' x 3'
Magnitude: 11.0
PA: 13
Notes:
It was discovered by P. Mechain on
March 24, 1781. Messier added it to his
catalog on March 24, 1781.
Long exposures show a Theta shape.
The galaxy belongs to M96 Subgroup
of the the Leo I Cloud. The Leo I Cloud
includes the M65-M66 Subgroup. The
M96 Subgroup's brightest members are
M95, M96, M105, NGC 3377 and NGC
3384. It is a compact group.
Observations:
C8 at 83x. Very bright nucleus, it is
mottled at high power. The axis runs
NNE-SSW.
M96 is also in the field (it lies E).
NGC 3351 (M95)
Galaxy (SB(r)b II)
Observed with C8 on 3/26/92
Magnification: 80x
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Its diameter would be 12 million
miles.
- 16 -
Zone 164
Distance (LY): 35,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +553
Luminosity (suns): 3,900,000,000
Zone 164, Map 5
Double Stars
Easy
STF 1472 rej
Rating: 4 E
HD 93363; SAO 99287
Position: 1047+1302
A
B
Magnitude
8.39
9.39
Separation PA
—
—
42.5 +
35 -
Year
—
1995
Spectra
K0
K0
Colors
yW
pB
Notes:
1828: 33.7 @ 40. 31 measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different distances
for these stars; they may be optical. The stars have different proper motions.
Observations:
C8 at 83x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 24.9 inches; B = 26.3 inches.
Separation: AB = 51.1 miles.
Distance (LY): 770
Total luminosity (Suns): 28
- 17 -
Zone 164
A. G. 341
Rating: 4 E
SAO 99298
Position: 1048+1313
A
B
Magnitude
9.55
10.94
Separation PA
—
—
37.1 +
231 =
Year
—
1991
Spectra
K0
Colors
W
W?
Notes:
1895: 36.8 @ 231. 9 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 98x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 26.6 inches.
Separation: AB = 24.2 miles.
Distance (LY): 418
Total luminosity (Suns): 2.64
STF 1477
Position: 1050+1256
A
B
Magnitude
9.29
10.04
Rating: 4 E
Separation PA
—
—
17.5 275 -
Year
—
1991
Spectra
F8
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1828: 17.6 @ 276. 18 measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different
distances for these stars; they may be optical. However, the stars show similar proper
motion.
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 16.1 inches.
Separation: AB = 10.8 miles.
Distance (LY): 396
Total luminosity (Suns): 4
- 18 -
Zone 164
h2547
Position: 1053+1326
A
B
Magnitude
10.65
11.63
Rating: 4 E
Separation PA
—
—
27.9 +
59 -
Year
—
1991
Spectra
G5
Colors
W
?
Notes:
1880: 27.3 @ 66. 11 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 22.4 inches.
Separation: AB = 3.04 miles.
Distance (LY): 70
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.029
STF 1496
Rating: 4 E
ADS 7996; HD 95023; SAO 99378
Position: 1058+1317
A
B
Magnitude
8.51
10.63
Separation PA
—
—
19.3 +
352 -
Year
—
1991
Spectra
F5
Colors
W
pO
Notes:
1828: 19.0 @ 353. 18 measurements. The stars share common proper motion.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. Moderate field to the NW.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 13.4 inches.
Separation: AB = 15.1 miles.
Distance (LY): 500
Total luminosity (Suns): 11
- 19 -
Zone 164
Deep Sky Objects
Moderate
NGC 3377
Other Names: UGC 5899; H II 99
Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club
Rating: 4 M
Position: 1048+1359
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.8
Class: E6
Dimensions: 4.5' x 3'
Magnitude: 10.2
PA: 35
Notes:
This galaxy is a member of the Leo Group.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. Small, bright; with a stellar core. The halo runs NE-SW. 5m 52 Leo is
20 min NW.
Distance (LY): 26,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +595
Total luminosity (Suns): 4,500,000,000
NGC 3391
Other Names: UGC 5920
Rating: 4 M
Position: 1049+1413
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.1
Class: S?
Dimensions: 1.0' x 0.7'
Magnitude: 12.9
PA: 35
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It looks like a fuzzy patch that brightens rapidly toward the center, but
not quite stellar. It lies 2 min NW of a 10m star that lies at the W end of a chain that
includes a 9m star (just E), a 7.8m star (ENE of that) and another 9m star (far E end).
Moderate field.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +2,956
- 20 -
Zone 164
Difficult
NGC 3384
Other Names: UGC 5911; H I 18
Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club
Rating: 2 D
Position: 1048+1238
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.8
Class: SB(s)0-:
Dimensions: 4' x 2'
Magnitude: 11.0
PA: 53
Notes:
It is a member of the Leo Group.
Observations:
C8 at 83x. It shares a field with
M105 and NGC 3389. This one is a
little larger than M105, but fainter. It is
the westernmost of the three. The axis
runs NE-SW.
Distance (LY): 25,000,000
Luminosity (suns): 1,900,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +649
NGC 3379 (M105) and 3384
Galaxy (SB(s)0-:)
Observed with C8 on 3/26/92
Magnification: 80x
- 21 -
Zone 164
NGC 3367
Other Names: UGC 5880; H II 78
Rating: 4 D
Position: 1047+1345
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.9
Class: SB(rs)c I-II
Dimensions: 2'
Magnitude: 12.1
Notes:
This is a Seyfert galaxy.
It has produced supernova 1986A (type Ia), 1992C (type IIp), and 2003aa (type Ia)!
Observations:
C8 at 83x. Stellar nucleus, with a pair of 10m stars to the W. NGC 3377 lies in the
same field and is the brighter of the two. 5.5m 52 Leo is 25 min N.
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Its diameter would be 5 million miles.
Distance (LY): 29,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +3,037
Luminosity (suns): 1,000,000,000
NGC 3379
Other Names: UGC 5902, M105; H I 17
Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club
Rating: 4 D
Position: 1048+1235
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.1
Class: E1
Dimensions: 3.8'
Magnitude: 9.6
Notes:
This galaxy is a member of the Leo I Cloud. (See NGC 3351 for details.)
It is 35,000 light years in diameter.
Observations:
C8 at 83x. Use averted vision to see this small, roundish galaxy. No details were
seen at any magnification.
- 22 -
Zone 164
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Its diameter would be 11 million miles.
Distance (LY): 38,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +730
Luminosity (suns): 16,400,000,000
NGC 3419
Other Names: UGC 5964
Rating: 4 D
Position: 1051+1357
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 11.4
Class: (R)SAB(r)0+
Dimensions: 0.7' x 0.6'
Magnitude: 12.5
PA: 115
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It has a stellar nucleus with no halo. It lies 30 min N of two bright stars
(7.6m and 8.3m).
Radial velocity (km/sec): +3,035
NGC 3412
Other Names: UGC 5952; H I 27
Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club
Rating: 4 D
Position: 1051+1325
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.4
Class: SB(s)0o
Dimensions: 2' x 1'
Magnitude: 11.6
PA: 155
Notes:
Leo I Cloud member. It is about 30,000 light years in diameter.
Observations:
C8 at 83x. Stellar nucleus; NW to SE oval, with a very faint star at the N end. It lies
16 min SW of a wide pair of stars, 8.4m SAO 99325 and 8.2m SAO 99327.
Distance (LY): 31,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +735
Luminosity (suns): 1,800,000,000
- 23 -
Zone 164
NGC 3389
Other Names: UGC 5914; H II 41
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1049+1232
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.9
Class: SA(s)c
Dimensions: 2' x 1'
Magnitude: 12.3
PA: 112
Notes:
It is about 400,000 light years from M95/M96.
It produced a supernova recently (SN 1967c, type Ia).
It is a member of the Leo Group.
Observations:
C8 at 83x. It shares the field with M105 and NGC 3384, an elliptical. E-W oval,
even and faint; it gave a hint of mottling at high powers. It is the NW-most of the three.
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Its diameter would be 11 million miles.
Distance (LY): 59,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,202
Luminosity (suns): 3,200,000,000
Zone 164, Map 6
Double Stars
Moderate
Hipparcos 1567
Rating: 4 M
HD 95164
Position: 1059+1154
A
B
Magnitude
8.81
11.27
Separation PA
—
—
7.8 10 +
- 24 -
Year
—
1991
Spectra
G5
Colors
yW
B
Zone 164
Notes:
1907: 8.2 @ 8. 5 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 20.3 inches.
Separation: AB = 18.6 miles.
Distance (LY): 1,530
Total luminosity (Suns): 62
Deep Sky Objects
Easy
NGC 3368
Other Names: UGC 5882, M96
Astronomical Leage Program: Messier Club
Rating: 2 E
Position: 1047+1149
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.9
Class: SAB(rs)ab II
Dimensions: 6' x 4'
Magnitude: 10.1
PA: 5
Notes:
It is a member of the Leo I Cloud and a Seyfert galaxy. See NGC 3351 for more
details on this group.
M96 is the brightest member of the Leo I group of galaxies, which is therefore also
called the M96 group, and also includes M95, M105 as well as a number of fainter
galaxies.
Pierre Méchain discovered M96, together with M95, on March 20, 1781.
Consequently, Charles Messier included it in his catalog on March 24, 1781. It was
among the first spirals that have been discovered, and listed by Lord Rosse as one of 14
"spiral nebulae" discovered to 1850.
At this distance, the apparent diameter of its brighter central region, 6 arc minutes,
corresponds to a linear dimension of 66,000 light years. However, as can be seen e.g. in
the Digital Sky Survey image, or the Hubble Atlas of Galaxies, this galaxy has faint
extensions, an outer ring of filaments (spiral arm fragments), which are connected to the
- 25 -
Zone 164
bright visible part near the northwest end of the major axis. This ring has a diameter of at
least about 9 arc minutes in the DSS image, corresponding to about 100,000 light years.
According to J.D. Wray's Color Atlas of Galaxies, the bright inner disk is composed
of a smooth yellow stellar population of old stars, which ends slightly beyond a ring of
blue knots. These knots are probably clusters of young, hot stars. As visible in our image,
this galaxy contains a significant amount of dust, which is apparently more concentrated
on the left side in our image. It is common that dust appears with greater contrast on the
near side of a galaxy than on the far side.
G. de Vaucouleurs has determined that M96 is inclined by 35 degrees to our line of
sight, and that it rotates with the spiral arms trailing.
A bright supernova, SN 1998bu,
was discovered by Mirko Villi on May
9, 1998 at 13th magnitude and was
quickly brightening to 11.8 mag.
[Source: http://www.seds.org/messier/m
/m096.html]
Observations:
C8 at 83x. Bright, with a bar and
ring, and a N-S alignment to the bar. It
shares the field with M95 (to the W).
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Its diameter would be 21 million
miles.
Distance (LY): 38,000,000
Luminosity (suns): 10,000,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +792
NGC 3368 (M96)
Galaxy (SAB(rs)ab II)
Observed with C8 on 3/26/92
Magnification: 80x
- 26 -
Zone 164
Difficult
NGC 3433
Other Names: UGC 5981; H III 20
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1052+1009
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 14.2
Class: SA(s) I-II
Dimensions: 4.0' x 3.6'
Magnitude: 11.6
PA: 50
Observations:
C8 at 104x. Small bright nucleus and very low surface brightness. Tube movement
helped me detect it. 5m 53 Leo is 45 min NW.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +2,720
- 27 -
Zone 164
Zone 164, Map 7
Reference Star
Rho Leo (47 Leo; HD 91316; SAO 118355)
Position: 1033+0919
Mag : 3.84
Assumed distance: 5,700 light years
Spectrum : B1 Ib Color : W
Assumed luminosity (suns): 80,000
Notes:
Star A is a spectroscopic binary and is an old disk population runaway star.
Hipparcos/Tycho data show different distances for these stars; they may be optical.
Double Stars
Easy
STF 1482
Rating: 2 E
ADS 7955; HD 94164; SAO 118548
Position: 1052+0728
A
B
C
Magnitude
8.21
9.27
Separation
—
12.0 89.4
PA
—
305 =
195
Year
—
1991
1989
Spectra
G5
G5
Colors
W
G
No
Notes:
AB 1821: 12.2 @ 305. 32 measurements. The stars have different proper motions.
This pair may, however, be optical.
AC 1 measurement.
The dwarf Wolf 359 is 1o E at 1057+0703. It is 7.7 light years away and faint
(13.5m). It is only 0.10 solar diameters in size and is known to be a weak flare star.
Flare stars (also known as UV Ceti stars) are intrinsically faint, cool red dwarfs that
exhibit outbursts from localized areas on their surfaces. The magnitude amplitude is
typically around 2, but the change takes place in mere seconds. The star then takes
anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour to return to normal brightness.
The outbursts normally peak in the near ultra-violet, but some flare stars also show
radio and X-ray peaks as well (but not always in phase with the optical peak).
- 28 -
Zone 164
Flare stars are spectral class M and K stars with strong emission lines of hydrogen and
ionized calcium. They also have very strong magnetic fields (similar to those at the
center of flares on our own Sun) and have a high rate of rotation (which is what generates
the magnetic field).
Most of them are young, or members of binary systems.
Observations:
C8 at 83x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 19.6 inches; B = 20.9 inches.
Separation: AB = 7.77 miles; AC = 57.9 miles.
Distance (LY): 415
Total luminosity (Suns): 10
h2540
Rating: 5 E
HD 92014; SAO 118399
Position: 1038+0505
A
B
Magnitude
9.67
11.32
Separation PA
—
—
28.0
306
Year
—
1989
Spectra
F8
Colors
W
?
Notes:
1 measurement.
No evidence of duplicity is seen by Hipparcos.
Observations:
C11 at 98x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 16.5 inches.
Separation: AB = 19.4 miles.
Distance (LY): 445
Total luminosity (Suns): 2.5
- 29 -
Zone 164
STF 1497 rej
Rating: 5 E
SAO 118596
Position: 1059+0908
A
B
Magnitude
10.21
10.79
Separation PA
—
—
16.9 +
71 =
Year
—
1991
Spectra
F2
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1895: 16.8 @ 71. 9 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 98x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 13.2 inches.
Separation: AB = 6.51 miles.
Distance (LY): 247
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.63
Difficult
STF 1457
Rating: 3 D
ADS 7864; HD 92184; SAO 118410
Position: 1039+0544
A
B
Magnitude
7.72
8.25
Separation PA
—
—
1.8 +
332 +
Year
—
1997
Spectra
F2 V
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1825: 0.6 @ 287. Over 100 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 280x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 5.10 inches.
Separation: AB = 3,326 feet.
Distance (LY): 227
Total luminosity (Suns): 6.9
- 30 -
Zone 164
49 Leo
TX Leo; STF 1450; ADS 7837; HD 91636; SAO 118380
Position: 1035+0839
A
B
Magnitude
5.83
7.99
Separation PA
—
—
2.1 157 -
Year
—
1991
Rating: 5 D
Spectra
A2 V
Colors
W
B
Notes:
1825: 2.4 @ 161. Over 100 measurements. Star A is a spectroscopic binary with a
period of 2.4451 days. It might also be a variable with a period of 263 days.
Observations:
C8 at 206x. Webb saw them as W and B.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 8.40 inches.
Separation: AB = 1.51 miles; Aa = 54 inches.
Distance (LY): 462
Total luminosity (Suns): 88
A 2773
Rating: 5 D
ADS 7959; HD 94220; SAO 118554
Position: 1053+0501
A
B
Magnitude
8.17
10.15
Separation PA
—
—
1.2 +
348 -
Year
—
1995
Spectra
K0
Colors
O
rO
Notes:
AB 1914: 1.0 @ 29. 33 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 280x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 24.6 inches.
Separation: AB = 1,742 feet.
Distance (LY): 180
Total luminosity (Suns): 2
- 31 -
Zone 164
Deep Sky Objects
Moderate
NGC 3423
Other Names: H II 131; UGC 5962; H IV 6
Rating: 4 M
Position: 1051+0550
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.8
Class: SA(s)cd
Dimensions: 3.5' x 3'
Magnitude: 12.1
PA: 10
Observations:
C8 at 65x. Large and faint, but with a bright nucleus. A 12m star lies 3 min NE.
Distance (LY): 37,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,013
Total luminosity (Suns): 1,600,000,000
Difficult
NGC 3362
Other Names: UGC 5857
Rating: 4 D
Position: 1045+0636
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.9
Class: SABc
Dimensions: 1.4' x 1.1'
Magnitude: 12.8
PA: 90
Notes:
This is a Seyfert galaxy. This galaxy produced supernova 2001Y (type II pec).
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It is faint and round, first detected with tube movement. It lies 2 min
NW of a 9m star, which in turn lies 20 min NW of a 6.4m zinger. (Good jumping off
point, but get it out of the field or you may not see the galaxy.)
Radial velocity (km/sec): +8,290
- 32 -
Zone 164
NGC 3428
Other Names: UGC 5968
Rating: 4 D
Position: 1051+0917
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.1
Class: SAB(s)b
Dimensions: 1.6' x 0.7'
Magnitude: 13.1
PA: 170
Observations:
C8 at 206x. Very small and faint, it was first detected with tube movement. It lies
above a nice chevron of stars. This chevron points north and has a 7.5m star at its point,
with a 7.2m star 4 min S of that. The other members of the chevron include three 10m
stars and a 7.9m on the E tip. The chevron points almost exactly to the galaxy. Moderate
field.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +8,022
NGC 3332
Other Names: H I 272?; UGC 5807
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1040+0911
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.9
Class: (R)SA0Dimensions: 1.4' x 1.4'
Magnitude: 12.3
Notes:
SN 2005ki (type Ia) was detected in this galaxy on November 18.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It is an unfocusable star that lies 5 min SW of a 9m field star.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +5,878
- 33 -
Zone 164
Zone 164 Mini-Catalog
Double Stars
Designation
Position
Rating
Map
STF 1482
1052+0728
2E
7
STF 1401
1000+0615
3E
2
Bigourdan 1
1036+1137
3E
4
h158
1020+1327
4E
1
Sh 115
1023+0542
4E
2
STF 1438 rej
1029+1309
4E
1
STF 1472 rej
1047+1302
4E
5
A. G. 341
1048+1313
4E
5
STF 1477
1050+1256
4E
5
h2547
1053+1326
4E
5
STF 1496
1058+1317
4E
5
Alpha Leo
1008+1157
5E
1
STF 1419
1017+1007
5E
1
h2540
1038+0505
5E
7
STF 1497 rej
1059+0908
5E
7
STF 1431
Hipparcos
1567
1026+0847
3M
2
1059+1154
4M
6
h159
1020+1121
5M
1
h162
1030+1441
5M
1
Hough 372
1030+1138
5M
1
h166
1040+1201
5M
4
h167
1041+1205
5M
4
Component
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
C
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
- 34 -
Mag
8.21
9.27
7.69
10.53
7.25
9.67
9.13
12.21
6.54
9.10
9.13
11.10
8.39
9.39
9.55
10.94
9.29
10.04
10.65
11.63
8.51
10.63
1.35
8.12
13.10
8.40
9.49
9.67
11.32
10.21
10.79
7.50
9.14
8.81
11.27
7.71
12.13
8.94
11.50
8.72
14.05
10.98
10.65
11.90
12.65
8.17
12.50
Separation
—
12.0 89.4
—
24.3 +
—
59.5 +
—
21.2 +
—
61.8 +
—
13.5 —
42.5 +
—
37.1 +
—
17.5 —
27.9 +
—
19.3 +
—
174.8 217.0
—
4.3 —
28.0
—
16.9 +
—
3.5 +
—
7.8 —
42.8 +
—
15.0
—
14.5 +
46.8 —
7.8 39.0
—
55.2
PA
—
305 =
89.4
—
21 =
—
332 —
161 —
7 +!
—
247 —
35 —
231 =
—
275 —
59 —
352 —
308 +
217.0
—
224 =
—
306
—
71 =
—
73 +
—
10 +
—
10 —
330
—
77 46.8 —
286 39.0
—
330
Zone 164
Designation
Position
Rating
Map
LDS 2877
1043+0640
5M
4
STF 1426
1021+0626
3D
2
STF 1457
1039+0544
3D
7
OS 220
1029+1009
4D
1
45 Leo
1028+0946
5D
2
49 Leo
1035+0839
5D
7
A 2773
1053+0501
5D
7
Component
A
B
A
B
C
D
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
Mag
9.47
11.22
8.04
8.33
9.61
12.44
7.72
8.25
7.14
9.70
6.01
13.23
5.83
7.99
8.17
10.15
Separation
—
5.6 +
—
0.8 +
7.8 +
33.9 —
1.8 +
—
0.6 —
37.2 —
2.1 —
1.2 +
PA
—
273 —
309 +
7.8 +
33.9 —
332 +
—
97 +
—
132 =
—
157 —
348 -
Deep Space
Object
NGC 3351
NGC 3368
NGC 3300
NGC 3357
NGC 3377
NGC 3391
NGC 3423
NGC 3384
Leo I
NGC 3306
NGC 3362
NGC 3367
NGC 3379
NGC 3412
NGC 3419
NGC 3428
NGC 3107
NGC 3299
NGC 3332
NGC 3338
NGC 3346
NGC 3389
NGC 3433
Position
1044+1142
1047+1149
1037+1410
1045+1405
1048+1359
1049+1413
1051+0550
1048+1238
1009+1220
1037+1239
1045+0636
1047+1345
1048+1235
1051+1325
1051+1357
1051+0917
1004+1337
1036+1242
1040+0911
1042+1345
1044+1452
1049+1232
1052+1009
Rating
2E
2E
4M
4M
4M
4M
4M
2D
3D
4D
4D
4D
4D
4D
4D
4D
5D
5D
5D
5D
5D
5D
5D
Map
4
6
3
3
5
5
7
5
1
3
7
5
5
5
5
7
1
3
7
3
3
5
6
Specifications
Surface
Type
Mag
Br
Gal (SB(r)b II)
11.0
13.5
Gal (SAB(rs)ab II)
10.1
12.9
Gal (SAB(r)0*:?)
12.1
12.5
Gal (E)
12.6
12.5
Gal (E6)
10.2
12.8
Gal (S?)
12.9
12.1
Gal (SA(s)cd II-III)
12.1
13.8
Gal (SB(s)0-:)
11.0
12.8
Gal (E4)
11.1
15.1
Gal (SAB(s)dm)
13.5
12.9
Gal (SABc)
12.8
12.9
Gal (SB(rs)c I-II)
12.1
12.9
Gal (E1)
9.6
12.1
Gal (SB(s)0*)
11.6
12.4
Gal ((R)SAB(r)0+)
12.5
11.4
Gal (SAB(s)b)
13.1
13.1
Gal (Sbc:)
13.4
12.4
Gal (SAB(s)dm)
12.8
14.1
Gal ((R)SA0-)
12.3
12.9
Gal (SA(s)c I-II)
11.6
13.9
Gal (SB(rs)cd II-III)
12.4
13.4
Gal (SA(s)c)
12.3
12.9
Gal (SA(s) I-II)
11.6
14.2
- 35 -
Population