Zone 140, Master Map
Normal View
+24°00'
Zone Master, Normal View, 10 deg FOV
ζ
Leo Minor
c
+20°00'
+22°00'
e
Adhafera
f
+18°00'
γ2γ1
Algieba
d
+16°00'
η
Leo
11h 04m
10h 56m
10h 48m
10h 40m
10h 32m
10h 24m
10h 16m
10h 08m
10h 00m
Zone 140, Map 1
Normal Image
+25°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
Bpm 133
h477
+24°00'
NGC 3098
Adhafera
+23°00'
Zeta Leo ζ
Pourteau 3080
Pourteau 3075
39 Leo
NGC 3248
NGC 3193
NGC 3185
NGC 3177
STF 1439
NGC 3227
STF 1435 NGC 3226
10h 30m
h2520
+21°00'
NGC 3187
NGC 3190
+22°00'
NGC 3162
10h 25m
h476
γ2γ1
Algieba
Gamma Leo
10h 20m
10h 15m
10h 10m
10h 05m
10h 00m
Zone 140, Map 1
Mirror Image
Bpm 133
+25°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
h477
+24°00'
NGC 3098
Zeta Leo
Pourteau 3080
Pourteau 3075
39 Leo
NGC 3248
+23°00'
Adhaferaζ
NGC 3193
NGC 3187
NGC 3185
+21°00'
NGC 3190
h2520
+22°00'
NGC 3162
NGC 3177
h476
γ2γ1
10h 00m
10h 05m
10h 10m
10h 15m
Algieba
Gamma Leo
10h 20m
NGC 3227
NGC 3226
10h 25m
STF 1435
10h 30m
Zone 140, Map 1a
Normal Image
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
NGC 3193
NGC 3187
NGC 3190
NGC 3185
Zone 140, Map 1a
Mirror Image
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
NGC 3193
NGC 3187
NGC 3190
NGC 3185
Zone 140, Map 2
Normal Image
+20°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
h476
NGC 3227
STF 1435 NGC 3226
γ2γ1
Algieba
+19°00'
Gamma Leo
STF 1417
+18°00'
NGC 3131
STF 1434
+17°00'
OS 215
h4296
η
Eta Leo
+16°00'
STF 1413 A 2367
NGC 3094
h162
10h 30m
10h 25m
10h 20m
10h 15m
10h 10m
10h 05m
10h 00m
Zone 140, Map 2
Mirror Image
h476
γ2γ1
Algieba
NGC 3227
NGC 3226
STF 1435
+20°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
STF 1417
NGC 3131
STF 1434
+18°00'
+19°00'
Gamma Leo
+17°00'
OS 215
h4296
Eta Leo η
STF 1413
+16°00'
A 2367
NGC 3094
10h 00m
10h 05m
10h 10m
10h 15m
10h 20m
10h 25m
10h 30m
Zone 140, Map 3
Normal Image
+25°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
NGC 3344
h489
54 Leo
Leo
+24°00'
STF 1478
+23°00'
STF 1447
Leo Minor
NGC 3437
STF 1442
NGC 3301
+22°00'
Kustner 100
+21°00'
STF 1448
Weisse 26
OS 230
STF 1468
11h 00m
10h 55m
10h 50m
10h 45m
10h 40m
10h 35m
10h 30m
Zone 140, Map 3
Mirror Image
Bpm 133
+25°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
NGC 3344
h489
54 Leo
Leo
+24°00'
STF 1478
+23°00'
STF 1447
Leo Minor
NGC 3437
NGC 3248
+22°00'
Kustner 100
STF 1442
NGC 3301
+21°00'
STF 1448
STF 1439
OS 230
STF 1468
10h 30m
10h 35m
10h 40m
10h 45m
10h 50m
10h 55m
11h 00m
Zone 140, Map 4
Normal Image
+20°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
+18°00'
+19°00'
OS 225
STF 1490 rej
NGC 3457
NGC 3443
+17°00'
NGC 3370
NGC 3447
+16°00'
A 2370
NGC 3399
STF 1446
NGC 3485
11h 00m
NGC 3346
10h 55m
10h 50m
10h 45m
10h 40m
10h 35m
h162
10h 30m
Zone 140, Map 4
Mirror Image
+20°00'
Sky charts generated by TheSky Software; used by permission of Software Bisque Inc.
+18°00'
+19°00'
OS 225
NGC 3457
NGC 3443
STF 1490 rej
+17°00'
NGC 3370
NGC 3447
+16°00'
A 2370
NGC 3399
STF 1446
NGC 3346
h162
10h 30m
10h 35m
10h 40m
10h 45m
10h 50m
10h 55m
11h 00m
Zone 140
Index
1 Reference Star, 30 Double Stars, 20 Galaxies
Flamsteed
NGC 3162 .............................................. 9
NGC 3177 ............................................ 10
NGC 3185 ............................................ 10
NGC 3187 ............................................ 11
NGC 3190 .............................................. 8
NGC 3193 .............................................. 8
NGC 3226 ............................................ 19
NGC 3227 ............................................ 17
NGC 3248 .............................................. 7
NGC 3301 ............................................ 26
NGC 3344 ............................................ 25
NGC 3370 ............................................ 29
NGC 3399 ............................................ 29
NGC 3437 ............................................ 26
NGC 3443 ............................................ 30
NGC 3447 ............................................ 30
NGC 3457 ............................................ 31
39 Leo .................................................... 7
54 Leo .................................................. 22
A
A 2367 ................................................. 15
A 2370 ................................................. 28
B
Bpm 133 ................................................ 5
E
Eta Leo................................................. 12
G
Gamma Leo ......................................... 12
H
h2520 ..................................................... 6
h4296 ................................................... 16
h476 ....................................................... 3
h477 ....................................................... 3
h489 ..................................................... 22
O
OS 215 ................................................. 16
OS 225 ................................................. 28
OS 230 ................................................. 24
K
P
Kustner 100.......................................... 21
Pourteau 3075 ........................................ 4
Pourteau 3080 ........................................ 5
N
NGC 3094............................................ 18
NGC 3098.............................................. 9
NGC 3131............................................ 18
S
STF 1413.............................................. 17
STF 1417.............................................. 15
-1-
Zone 140
STF 1434 ............................................. 13
STF 1435 ............................................. 14
STF 1439 ............................................... 6
STF 1442 ............................................. 20
STF 1446 ............................................. 27
STF 1447 ............................................. 23
STF 1448 ............................................. 21
STF 1468.............................................. 24
STF 1478.............................................. 23
STF 1490 rej ........................................ 27
Z
Zeta Leo ................................................. 4
-2-
Zone 140
Zone 140, Map 1
Double Stars
Easy
h477
Rating: 3 E
ADS 7691
Position: 1014+2449
A
B
C
D
Magnitude
10.31
10.33
13.31
12.43
Separation
—
4.0 -!
14.7 +
44.2 =
PA
—
289 +?
1=
334 =
Year
—
1991
1962
1962
Spectra
Colors
W
W
No
?
Notes:
AB 1904: 9.7 @ 96. 19 measurements. Quadrant reversal?
AC 1904: 14.5 @ 1. 4 measurements.
AD 1909: 44.2 @ 334. 3 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x. C was not detected.
Distance (LY): 79
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.075
h476
Rating: 4 E
HD 88403; SAO 81225
Position: 1012+2007
A
B
Magnitude
7.42
12.38
Separation PA
—
—
24.3 +
50 +
Notes:
1843: 24.2 @ 49. 8 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 83x.
-3-
Year
—
1987
Spectra
G5
Colors
dY
W
Zone 140
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 18.7 inches.
Separation: AB = 51.6 miles.
Distance (LY): 1,360
Total luminosity (Suns): 202
Pourteau 3075
Position: 1014+2314
A
B
Magnitude
10.42
11.12
Rating: 4 E
Separation PA
—
—
17.0 23 -
Year
—
1910
Spectra
Colors
W
bW
Notes:
1894: 17.1 @ 24. 2 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x. A nice 11m triangle lies 3 min W.
Distance (LY): 105
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.090
Zeta Leo
36 Leo; Adhafera; SI 18; HD 89025; SAO 81265
Position: 1017+2325
A
B
Magnitude
3.43
5.95
Separation PA
—
—
332.3 +! 338 -
Rating: 4 E
Year
—
1991
Spectra
F0 III
G2 IV
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1836: 314.3 @ 343. 14 measurements. Star A is a spectroscopic binary and an infrared source.. It also belongs to the Sirius Group. Star B is also a spectroscopic binary and
an infra-red source.
Hipparcos/Tycho data show different distances for these stars; they may be optical.
The stars have different proper motions.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. Too wide! Webb saw them as Y and W.
-4-
Zone 140
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 23.7 inches; B = 15.4 inches.
Separation: AB = 135 miles.
Distance (LY): 260
Total luminosity (Suns): 621.3
Pourteau 3080
Position: 1026+2322
A
B
Magnitude
9.63
10.40
Rating: 4 E
Separation PA
—
—
5.5 +
100 -
Year
—
1901
Spectra
Colors
W
O?
Notes:
1894: 5.2 @ 101. 4 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Distance (LY): 279
Total luminosity (Suns): 1.30
Bpm 133
Rating: 5 E
SAO 81367
Position: 1028+2453
A
B
Magnitude
9.34
11.80
Separation PA
—
—
207.1
227
Year
—
1911
Notes:
1 measurement.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 20.9 inches.
Separation: AB = 65.9 miles.
Distance (LY): 204
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.68
-5-
Spectra
G5
Colors
yW
?
Zone 140
Moderate
h2520
Rating: 4 M
HD 87994; SAO 81206
Position: 1009+2147
A
B
Magnitude
7.88
11.43
Separation PA
—
—
32.6 344 +
Year
—
1925
Spectra
A0
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1892: 34.0 @ 343. 5 measurements.
Hipparcos/Tycho mission data show different distances for these stars (590 and 38
light years); they may be optical.
Observations:
C8 at 83x. I had to use averted vision to see B.
Difficult
STF 1439
Rating: 2 D
ADS 7802; HD 90915; SAO 81385
Position: 1030+2048
A
B
Magnitude
8.35
8.97
Separation PA
—
—
1.3 80 -
Year
—
1997
Notes:
1829: 2.0 @ 131. Over 100 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 280x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 3.00 inches.
Separation: AB = 2,746 feet.
Distance (LY): 260
Total luminosity (Suns): 4.9
-6-
Spectra
G5 V
Colors
B
R
Zone 140
39 Leo
OS 523; ADS 7712; HD 89125; SAO 81270
Position: 1017+2306
A
B
Magnitude
5.80
11.40
Rating: 4 D
Separation PA
—
—
7.6 +
299 +
Year
—
1972
Spectra
F3 V
M1
Colors
O
?
Notes:
1851: 6.8 @ 294. 25 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 83x. Star B is difficult.
Webb saw them as Y and ?.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 4.80 inches; B = 50.1 inches.
Separation: AB = 4,594 feet.
Distance (LY): 74
Total luminosity (Suns): 2.06
Deep Sky Objects
Easy
NGC 3248
Other Names: H II 347; UGC 5669
Position: 1028+2250
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.4
Rating: 4 E
Class: S0
Dimensions: 2.5' x 1.1'
Magnitude: 12.4
PA: 135
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It is bright with a diffuse center and small halo. A "wall" of 3 stars— 8.5
m (S), 10.1m (center) and 9.4m (N) lie just to the W. Moderate field.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,466
-7-
Zone 140
Moderate
NGC 3190
Other Names: H II 44; UGC 5559
Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club
Rating: 3 M
Position: 1018+2150
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.0
Class: SA(s)a pec sp
Dimensions: 3' x 1'
Magnitude: 12.0
PA: 125
Notes:
It is the primary galaxy of the Hickson 44 group.
In 2002, this galaxy produced a pair of supernovae: SN 2002bo (type Ia) and SN
2002cv (type Ia).
Observations:
C8 at 65x. Small and bright (the N end appears brighter), with a NW to SE axis and a
dust lane at high powers. It shares the field with NGC 3185, 3187 and 3193. This is the
brightest of the four (or, as Kepple and Sanner say it, the "flagship").
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Its diameter would be 25 million miles.
Distance (LY): 88,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,220
Luminosity (suns): 10,000,000,000
Difficult
NGC 3193
Other Names: H II 45; UGC 5562
Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club
Rating: 3 D
Position: 1018+2154
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.7
Class: E2
Dimensions: 2.5'
Notes:
Member of the Hickson 44 Group.
-8-
Magnitude: 12.0
Zone 140
Observations:
C8 at 83x. The galaxy is ghostly, round and small. It shares the field with NGC
3185, 3187 and 3190 and is the second brightest of the four. Bright, rich field.
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Its diameter would be 21 million miles.
Distance (LY): 88,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,272
Luminosity (suns): 10,000,000,000
NGC 3098
Other Names: UGC 5397
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1003+2443
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.1
Class: S0
Dimensions: 2.3' x 0.6'
Magnitude: 12.0
PA: 90
Observations:
C8 at 104x. Dreyer says, "small bright nucleus," but I saw no details except very faint
haze here.
Distance (LY): 55,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,311
Total luminosity (Suns): 3,800,000,000
NGC 3162
Other Names: UGC 5510; H II 43
Astronomical League Program: Herschel II Club
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1014+2244
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.8
Class: SAB(rs)bc II
Dimensions: 2' x 1.5'
Magnitude: 12.3
Observations:
C8 at 65x. It has very low surface brightness, and is round, with a star-like nucleus.
A 9m star is 10 min NW.
C11 at 98x. Difficult; sharp nucleus and mottled and small halo.
-9-
Zone 140
Distance (LY): 59,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,298
Total luminosity (Suns): 3,300,000,000
NGC 3177
Other Names: UGC 5544; H III 25
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1017+2107
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.8
Class: Sbc
Dimensions: 1.5' x 1.2'
Magnitude: 12.4
PA: 135
Notes:
SN 1947A (type II) occurred in this galaxy.
Observations:
C11 at 140x. A very small oval, misty ball. It forms the right angle of a right triangle
with two 11m stars about 5 min away.
C11 at 98x. Compact glow with a very gradually brighter middle, but not quite
stellar. It lies just W of a N-S jagged line of faint stars.
Distance (LY): 49,000,000
Total luminosity (Suns): 2,100,000,000
NGC 3185
Other Names: UGC 5554
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1018+2141
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.8
Class: (R)SB(r)a
Dimensions: 1.5' x 1'
Magnitude: 12.7
PA: 130
Notes:
This is a Seyfert galaxy.
Observations:
C8 at 65x. Faint and small, in a field with NGC 3187, 3190 and 3193. It is the next
to faintest galaxy in the quartet. The nucleus is starlike and the axis runs SE/NW.
Distance (LY): 50,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,217
Total luminosity (Suns): 1,700,000,000
- 10 -
Zone 140
NGC 3187
Other Names: UGC 5556
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1018+2152
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 14.9
Class: SB(s)c pec
Dimensions: 60" x 20"
Magnitude: 13.0
Notes:
Member of the Hickson 44 Group.
Observations:
C8 at 65x. A very faint and small spindle in a field with NGC 3185, 3190 and 3193.
It is the faintest of the four.
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Its diameter would be 8 million miles.
Distance (LY): 88,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,521
Luminosity (suns): 4,000,000,000
- 11 -
Zone 140
Zone 140, Map 2
Reference Star
Eta Leo (30 Leo; HD 87737; SAO 98955)
Position: 1007+1646
Mag : 3.48
Assumed distance: 2,130 light years
Spectrum : A0 Ib Color : W
Assumed luminosity (suns): 14,100
Notes:
This star is a member of the Scorpio-Centaur Association.
Double Stars
Easy
Gamma Leo
41 Leo; Algeiba; STF 1424; ADS 7724; HD 89484; SAO 81298
Position: 1020+1950
A
B
C
D
Magnitude
2.01
3.16
9.60
10.00
Separation
—
4.5 +
322.8 +
361.5 +!
PA
—
125 +
288 301 -
Year
—
1998
1995
1988
Rating: 1 E
Spectra
K0 IIIp
G7 III
Colors
Y
W
W
W?
Notes:
AB 1828: 2.5 @ 102. Over 100 measurements.
AC 1851: 210.7 @ 294. 11 measurements. Optical.
AD 1904: 333.0 @ 302. 2 measurements.
It was discovered by William Herschel in 1782. The orbital period is 618.56 years
(Rabe, 1958). It is also a spectroscopic binary (star A) and is a member of the Gamma
Leo group. The A and B stars are both infra-red sources and share a very large proper
motion.
2o NW is the radiant point of the Leonids (maximum on Nov. 17, with periodic
variations in intensity of 33 year— the debris from comet Tempel-Tuttle 1866 I). Next
maximum: 2032.
- 12 -
Zone 140
From James Kaler's Star Notes:
To the eye, Algieba shines at mid-second magnitude, but even a modest telescope
under good atmospheric conditions will allow you split the pair, one appearing at bright
third magnitude, the other at bright fourth, separated by just under five seconds of arc.
The brighter, the more orange of the two, is a class K giant with a temperature of 4,400
Kelvin, the fainter a somewhat warmer (4,900 Kelvin) class G giant, making it the
yellower one. The orbital period is so long, over 500 years, that only a fraction of the full
path has been seen since discovery. The components are at least 170 Earth-Sun distances
apart, four times greater than the distance of Pluto from the Sun.
Both stars are quite luminous and have respective diameters of 23 and 10 times solar.
Both are true giants, meaning that they have stopped fusing hydrogen to helium in their
cores and have expanded to their great proportions. We have not seen enough of the orbit
to be able to calculate masses, but comparison with evolutionary calculations suggests
that each are about double the solar mass. Born from the same interstellar cloud perhaps
two billion years ago, they are each deficient in metals, their iron contents about a third
that of the Sun. It is hard to tell how far along they might be in their evolution. They are
may both be fusing helium in their cores or they might be giants in development, with
quiet helium cores that are waiting to fire up, or each may be in a different stage, the
chemical composition at the surface, which is influenced by age, suggesting the former.
Observations:
C8 at 280x. Nice, but overrated! Star C is the flare star AD Leo.
Some observers think B is green, and others report W and W or O and O. Webb said
D and gR, or Y and G. "Very fine object," he wrote.
MicroGuide + Barlow (413 x): AB was wonderful! Split at 166x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 69.0 inches; B = 30.0 inches.
Separation: AB = 4,646 feet; AC = 63.5 miles.
Distance (LY): 126
Total luminosity (Suns): 250
STF 1434
Rating: 2 E
ADS 7778; HD 90483; SAO 99129
Position: 1027+1804
A
B
Magnitude
8.63
8.71
Separation PA
—
—
6.5 +
280 +
Year
—
1991
Spectra
G5
G5
Colors
R
R
Notes:
1830: 6.1 @ 270. 89 measurements. The stars share common proper motion.
- 13 -
Zone 140
Observations:
C8 at 419x. Easy split at 163x. This pair is the right angle of a right triangle. Two
even jewels, like distant headlights. Difficult to measure with the Microguide, but I got
and average of 5.6" @ 279. Webb described them as "very pretty."
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 20.1 inches; B = 20.2 inches.
Separation: AB = 1.71 miles.
Distance (LY): 169
Total luminosity (Suns): 1.7
STF 1435
Rating: 4 E
ADS 7782; SAO 81364
Position: 1028+1950
A
B
Magnitude
10.33
10.73
Separation PA
—
—
8.3 =
202 +
Year
—
1991
Notes:
1827: 8.3 @ 201. 13 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 19.2 inches.
Separation: AB = 1.76 miles.
Distance (LY): 136
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.184
- 14 -
Spectra
G0
Colors
W
W
Zone 140
Moderate
STF 1417
Rating: 1 M
ADS 7695; HD 88829; SAO 99023
Position: 1015+1907
A
B
Magnitude
9.33
9.36
Separation PA
—
—
2.3 258 -
Year
—
1997
Spectra
F2
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1830: 2.4 @ 261. 64 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 697x. Nice, even pair, cleanly split. Like the eyes of a distant spook.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 12.6 inches.
Separation: AB = 1.83 miles.
Distance (LY): 510
Total luminosity (Suns): 18
A 2367
Rating: 3 M
ADS 7666
Position: 1010+1623
A
B
C
Magnitude
9.93
10.64
11.50
Separation
—
61 =
1.7 +
PA
—
85 =
84 +
Notes:
AB 1911: 61 @ 85. 3 measurements.
AC 1911: 1.2 @ 81. 7 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 339x.
- 15 -
Year
—
1991
1981
Spectra
G0
Colors
W
W
W?
Zone 140
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 18.8 inches.
Separation: AB = 13.1 miles; AC = 1,900 feet.
Distance (LY): 138
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.284
h4296
Position: 1015+1648
A
B
Magnitude
9.31
12.59
Rating: 5 M
Separation PA
—
—
15.8 +
141 =
Year
—
1925
Spectra
F
Colors
W
?
Notes:
1896: 15.1 @ 141. 4 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 14.1 inches.
Separation: AB = 1.55 miles.
Distance (LY): 63
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.061
Difficult
OS 215
Rating: 1 D
ADS 7704; HD 88987; SAO 99032
Position: 1016+1745
A
B
Magnitude
7.28
7.53
Separation PA
—
—
1.4 +
180 -!
Year
—
1999
Spectra
A9 IV
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1843: 0.3 @ 256. Over 100 measurements.
Orbital period of 670 years, with semi-major axis of 1.34", motion retrograde.
- 16 -
Zone 140
Observations:
C8 at 280x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 6.30 inches.
Separation: AB = 3,907 feet.
Distance (LY): 343
Total luminosity (Suns): 30
STF 1413
Rating: 4 D
ADS 7679; SAO 98998
Position: 1012+1621
A
B
Magnitude
9.76
9.77
Separation PA
—
—
1.8 272 -
Year
—
1997
Spectra
G0
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1830: 2.4 @ 279. 45 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 280x. Nice and even, but faint and difficult.
C8 at 697x. Cleanly split, but not easy tonight.
Deep Sky Objects
Moderate
NGC 3227
Other Names: UGC 5620; Arp 94; H II 29
Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club
Rating: 4 M
Position: 1024+1959
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 14.1
Class: SAB(s)pec II-III
Dimensions: 3' x 1'
Magnitude: 11.6
PA: 155
Notes:
This galaxy is a Seyfert, and is known to emit X-rays and radio waves.
- 17 -
Zone 140
SN 1983U (type Ia) occurred in this galaxy.
Observations:
C8 at 83x. Oblong (NW-SE) with a bright center. NGC 3226 lies just N.
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Its diameter would be 21.6 million miles.
Distance (LY): 77,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,157
Luminosity (suns): 11,000,000,000
NGC 3094
Other Names: UGC 5390
Rating: 5 M
Position: 1002+1547
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.7
Class: SB(s)a
Dimensions: 1.6' x 1.2'
Magnitude: 12.3
PA: 75
Notes:
SN 2005kh (type II) was detected in this galaxy.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It displayed a star-like nucleus without a halo.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +2,404
Difficult
NGC 3131
Other Names: UGC 5471
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1009+1814
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.4
Class: SBb:
Dimensions: 2.4' x 0.7'
Magnitude: 13.0
PA: 54
Observations:
C11 at 98x. Very, very faint and hazy patch without a nucleus. Tube movement
helped identify it.
- 18 -
Zone 140
Radial velocity (km/sec): +5,098
NGC 3226
Other Names: Arp 94; UGC 5617; H II 28
Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1023+1954
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.1
Class: E2: pec
Dimensions: 2.2'
Magnitude: 12.7
PA: 15
Notes:
This galaxy produced supernova 1976K.
Observations:
C8 at 83x. Faint and small with obvious nucleus, its axis runs N-S. It is just N of
NGC 3227.
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Its diameter would be 16 million miles.
Distance (LY): 80,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,151
Luminosity (suns): 4,200,000,000
- 19 -
Zone 140
Zone 140, Map 3
Double Stars
Easy
STF 1442
Rating: 2 E
ADS 7817; HD 91192; SAO 81399
Position: 1032+2203
A
B
Magnitude
8.12
8.37
Separation PA
—
—
13.1 156 +
Year
—
1996
Spectra
F0
F0
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1831: 13.3 @ 155. 55 measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different
distances for these stars; they may be optical. The distance to the primary is probably
about 8,000 light years while the companion is about 1,400 light years away. The stars
have different proper motions.
Observations:
C8 at 163x. I made five pairs of separation and PA measures using the Micro-Guide
and got an average of 14" at 157 PA. This is a beautiful pair, almost even in appearance,
and easily split, both stars appearing to be white.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 10.5 inches; B = 10.7 inches.
Separation: AB = 164 miles.
Distance (LY): 8,000
Total luminosity (Suns): 5,200
- 20 -
Zone 140
STF 1448
Hussey 1338 (B); ADS 7836; HD 91527; SAO 81420
Position: 1034+2136
A
B
C
Magnitude
7.40
13.40
9.50
Separation
—
3.5 11.3 +
PA
—
184 +
259 =
Rating: 2 E
Year
—
1920
1996
Spectra
K0
Colors
Y
No
B
Notes:
AB 1910: 3.6 @ 182. 2 measurements.
AC 1827: 10.9 @ 259. 24 measurements. Hipparcos/Tycho data show different
distances for these stars; they may be optical.
Observations:
C8 at 83x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 23.4 inches.
Separation: AB = 3.93 miles; AC = 12.7 miles.
Distance (LY): 720
Total luminosity (Suns): 56
Kustner 100
Position: 1051+2234
A
B
Magnitude
10.01
10.03
Rating: 3 E
Separation PA
—
—
48.0 +
103 =
Notes:
1892: 47.8 @ 103. 3 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
- 21 -
Year
—
1901
Spectra
F8
Colors
W
Y
Zone 140
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 16.7 inches.
Separation: AB = 9.81 miles.
Distance (LY): 131
Total luminosity (Suns): 0.266
54 Leo
STF 1487; ADS 7979; HD 94601; SAO 81583
Position: 1056+2445
A
B
Magnitude
4.50
6.25
Separation PA
—
—
6.7 +
113 +
Rating: 3 E
Year
—
1998
Spectra
A1 V
A1 V
Colors
W
L
Notes:
1821: 6.2 @ 104. Over 100 measurements. Star B is a spectroscopic binary. It has
variable radial velocity. The primary rotates at 182 kps.
Observations:
C8 at 206x. Some see both as W, or see W and bW. Webb saw gW and B.
h489
Position: 1044+2455
A
B
Magnitude
10.22
11.20
Rating: 4 E
Separation PA
—
—
30.0
300
Year
—
1820
Notes:
1 measurement.
The Tycho-2 Catalog indicates a single star entry.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 30.3 inches.
Separation: AB = 24.8 miles.
Distance (LY): 530
Total luminosity (Suns): 2.56
- 22 -
Spectra
K2
Colors
Y
W
Zone 140
STF 1478
Rating: 5 E
ADS 7943; HD 93964; SAO 81548
Position: 1051+2427
A
B
Magnitude
8.75
11.55
Separation PA
—
—
8.8 =
348 +
Year
—
1991
Spectra
F5
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1829: 8.8 @ 347. 19 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 206x. Use high power and averted vision.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 13.6 inches.
Separation: AB = 9.06 miles.
Distance (LY): 660
Total luminosity (Suns): 11
Moderate
STF 1447
Rating: 3 M
ADS 7833; HD 91427; SAO 81415
Position: 1034+2321
A
B
Magnitude
7.27
8.92
Separation PA
—
—
4.3 =
124 -
Year
—
1999
Spectra
A2
Colors
W
G
Notes:
1830: 4.3 @ 125. 47 measurements. The stars share common proper motion.
Observations:
C8 at 206x.C8 at 419x. Split at 163x. Proved to be too faint to use the MicroGuide.
A 10m star lies 4 min South. Webb saw them as W and B.
- 23 -
Zone 140
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 6.73 inches.
Separation: AB = 2.69 miles.
Distance (LY): 402
Total luminosity (Suns): 18
STF 1468
Rating: 4 M
ADS 7910; HD 92991; SAO 81498
Position: 1045+2042
A
B
Magnitude
8.84
8.87
Separation PA
—
—
4.1 +
334 -
Year
—
1997
Spectra
G0
Colors
W
W
Notes:
1831: 3.8 @ 335. 47 measurements.
Observations:
C8 at 206x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 17.8 inches.
Separation: AB = 2.74 miles.
Distance (LY): 429
Total luminosity (Suns): 8
OS 230
Rating: 5 M
ADS 7974; HD 94469; SAO 81575
Position: 1055+2047
A
B
Magnitude
8.61
11.90
Separation PA
—
—
8.9 36 +
Year
—
1991
Notes:
1843: 9.6 @ 5. 25 measurements.
The stars have a small difference in proper motion.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. Moderate field.
- 24 -
Spectra
F5
Colors
W
W?
Zone 140
C11 at 115x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 13.5 inches.
Separation: AB = 8.47 miles.
Distance (LY): 610
Total luminosity (Suns): 10.5
Deep Sky Objects
Moderate
NGC 3344
Other Names: UGC 5840; H I 81
Astronomical League Program: Herschel 400 Club
Rating: 3 M
Position: 1044+2455
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.8
Class: (R)SAB(r)bc I-II
Dimensions: 6' x 5'
Magnitude: 11.0
Observations:
C8 at 65x. It is a large, bright oval showing a distinct nucleus and fainter halo for the
arms. A 10m star is in the line of sight. Two other very, very faint stars seem to be
involved too. Six 9m stars surround this galaxy.
Model (where the Sun is a baseball):
Its diameter would be 34 million miles.
Distance (LY): 60,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +504
Luminosity (suns): 11,000,000,000
- 25 -
Zone 140
Difficult
NGC 3301
Other Names: UGC 5767; H II 46
Astronomical League Program: Herschel II Club
Rating: 3 D
Position: 1037+2153
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.8
Class: (R')SB(rs)0/a
Dimensions: 3.5' x 1'
Magnitude: 11.4
PA: 52
Observations:
C8 at 206x. A faint NE-SW streak just E of the line that joins STF 1442 and STF
1448 (a 5" pair). No bright nucleus. I had to use 200x to confirm that this was, indeed,
the galaxy.
C11 at 98x. A nice little oval streak just below a trio of moderately bright stars. It
gradually brightens to the middle.
Distance (LY): 54,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,241
Total luminosity (Suns): 6,300,000,000
NGC 3437
Other Names: H II 47; UGC 5995
Rating: 4 D
Position: 1053+2256
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.7
Class: SAB(rs)c: III
Dimensions: 2.8' x 0.9'
Magnitude: 12.1
PA: 122
Notes:
SN 2004bm (type Ic?) occurred in this galaxy.
Observations:
C8 at 104x. With tube movement and averted vision, I just detected a featureless
glow.
Distance (LY): 45,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,283
Total luminosity (Suns): 2,300,000,000
- 26 -
Zone 140
Zone 140, Map 4
Double Stars
Easy
STF 1446
Rating: 3 E
ADS 7829; SAO 99184
Position: 1034+1513
A
B
Magnitude
8.85
9.92
Separation PA
—
—
5.6 +
250 -
Year
—
1991
Spectra
G0
Colors
Y
bW
Notes:
1829: 5.1 @ 251. 18 measurements. The stars show similar proper motions.
Observations:
C8 at 419x. Split at 163x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 17.8 inches.
Separation: AB = 5.24 miles.
Distance (LY): 600
Total luminosity (Suns): 14
STF 1490 rej
Rating: 4 E
HD 94764; SAO 99362
Position: 1057+1740
A
B
Magnitude
8.55
11.02
Separation PA
—
—
17.4 101 =
Year
—
1991
Spectra
A3
F8
Colors
W
pO
Notes:
1905: 17.8 @ 101. 8 measurements. The stars share common proper motion.
- 27 -
Zone 140
Observations:
C8 at 104x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 7.64 inches; B = 17.6 inches.
Separation: AB = 21.7 miles.
Distance (LY): 800
Total luminosity (Suns): 22
A 2370
Rating: 5 E
ADS 7938
Position: 1050+1630
A
B
Magnitude
9.57
10.71
Separation PA
—
—
2.7 +
331 =
Year
—
1991
Spectra
G5
Colors
W
W?
Notes:
1911: 2.5 @ 331. 12 measurements.
Observations:
C11 at 115x.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 21.2 inches.
Separation: AB = 5.89 miles.
Distance (LY): 1,400
Total luminosity (Suns): 30
Difficult
OS 225
Perrotin; ADS 7874; HD 92337
Position: 1040+1915
A
B
C
Magnitude
8.32
10.00
10.60
Separation
—
0.7
6
Rating: 5 D
PA
—
226 354
- 28 -
Year
—
1981
Spectra
F8
Colors
W
?
?
Zone 140
Observations:
C8 at 206x. AB was notched.
Scale model (in which the Sun is the size of a baseball):
Diameter: A = 15.3 inches.
Separation: AB = 2,059 feet; AC = 3.40 miles.
Distance (LY): 364
Total luminosity (Suns): 7
Deep Sky Objects
Difficult
NGC 3370
Other Names: UGC 5887; H II 81
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1047+1716
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.0
Class: SA(s)c II
Dimensions: 2.5' x 1.3'
Magnitude: 12.4
PA: 148
Notes:
This galaxy produced supernova 1994ae (type Ia).
Observations:
C8 at 104x. Very, very faint. The axis runs NW-SE.
Distance (LY): 53,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,289
Total luminosity (Suns): 2,500,000,000
NGC 3399
Other Names: PGC 32395
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1050+1613
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 13.8
Class: S0?
Dimensions: 1.7'
- 29 -
Magnitude: 12.8
Zone 140
Observations:
C11 at 140x. Very, very faint and fuzzy ball with several 13m stars in the field.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +6,671
NGC 3447
Other Names: UGC 6006
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1053+1646
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 14.7
Class: SBd pec
Dimensions: 3.8' x 2.2'
Magnitude: 12.6
PA: 0
Observations:
C11 at 140x. Very, very faint splotch without a nucleus. Three 10m stars make a
nice addition to the wide field.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,067
NGC 3443
Other Names: UGC 6000
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1053+1734
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 14.4
Class: Scd
Dimensions: 2.8' x 1.4'
Magnitude: 13.1
PA: 145
Observations:
C11 at 140x. Extremely fiant wisp without a nucleus. Bleak field.
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,132
- 30 -
Zone 140
NGC 3457
Other Names: UGC 6030
Rating: 5 D
Position: 1055+1737
Type: Gal
Surface brightness: 12.2
Class: S?
Dimensions: 1.0' x 1.0'
Magnitude: 12.6
Observations:
C8 at 104x. It has a stellar nucleus and extremely faint halo. A 12m star is 4 min S.
Distance (LY): 47,000,000
Radial velocity (km/sec): +1,158
Total luminosity (Suns): 1,600,000,000
- 31 -
Zone 140
Zone 140 Mini-Catalog
Double Stars
Designation
Position
Rating
Map
Gamma Leo
1020+1950
1E
2
STF 1434
1027+1804
2E
2
STF 1442
1032+2203
2E
3
STF 1448
1034+2136
2E
3
h477
1014+2449
3E
1
STF 1446
1034+1513
3E
4
Kustner 100
1051+2234
3E
3
54 Leo
1056+2445
3E
3
h476
1012+2007
4E
1
Pourteau 3075
1014+2314
4E
1
Zeta Leo
1017+2325
4E
1
Pourteau 3080
1026+2322
4E
1
STF 1435
1028+1950
4E
2
h489
1044+2455
4E
3
STF 1490 rej
1057+1740
4E
4
Bpm 133
1028+2453
5E
1
A 2370
1050+1630
5E
4
STF 1478
1051+2427
5E
3
STF 1417
1015+1907
1M
2
A 2367
1010+1623
3M
2
STF 1447
1034+2321
3M
3
Component
A
B
C
D
A
B
A
B
A
B
C
A
B
C
D
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
C
A
B
- 32 -
Mag
2.01
3.16
9.60
10.00
8.63
8.71
8.12
8.37
7.40
13.40
9.50
10.31
10.33
13.31
12.43
8.85
9.92
10.01
10.03
4.50
6.25
7.42
12.38
10.42
11.12
3.43
5.95
9.63
10.40
10.33
10.73
10.22
11.20
8.55
11.02
9.34
11.80
9.57
10.71
8.75
11.55
9.33
9.36
9.93
10.64
11.50
7.27
8.92
Separation
—
4.5 +
322.8 +
361.5 +!
—
6.5 +
—
13.1 —
3.5 11.3 +
—
4.0 -!
14.7 +
44.2 =
—
5.6 +
—
48.0 +
—
6.7 +
—
24.3 +
—
17.0 —
332.3 +!
—
5.5 +
—
8.3 =
—
30.0
—
17.4 —
207.1
—
2.7 +
—
8.8 =
—
2.3 —
61 =
1.7 +
—
4.3 =
PA
—
125 +
322.8 +
361.5 +!
—
280 +
—
156 +
—
184 +
11.3 +
—
289 +?
14.7 +
44.2 =
—
250 —
103 =
—
113 +
—
50 +
—
23 —
338 —
100 —
202 +
—
300
—
101 =
—
227
—
331 =
—
348 +
—
258 —
85 =
1.7 +
—
124 -
Zone 140
Designation
Position
Rating
Map
h2520
1009+2147
4M
1
STF 1468
1045+2042
4M
3
h4296
1015+1648
5M
2
OS 230
1055+2047
5M
3
OS 215
1016+1745
1D
2
STF 1439
1030+2048
2D
1
STF 1413
1012+1621
4D
2
39 Leo
1017+2306
4D
1
OS 225
1040+1915
5D
4
Component
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
C
Mag
7.88
11.43
8.84
8.87
9.31
12.59
8.61
11.90
7.28
7.53
8.35
8.97
9.76
9.77
5.80
11.40
8.32
10.00
10.60
Separation
—
32.6 —
4.1 +
—
15.8 +
—
8.9 —
1.4 +
—
1.3 —
1.8 —
7.6 +
—
0.7
6
PA
—
344 +
—
334 —
141 =
—
36 +
—
180 -!
—
80 —
272 —
299 +
—
226 6
Deep Sky Objects
Object
NGC 3248
NGC 3190
NGC 3344
NGC 3227
NGC 3094
NGC 3193
NGC 3301
NGC 3437
NGC 3098
NGC 3131
NGC 3162
NGC 3177
NGC 3187
NGC 3185
NGC 3226
NGC 3370
NGC 3399
NGC 3443
NGC 3447
NGC 3457
Position
1028+2250
1018+2150
1044+2455
1024+1959
1002+1547
1018+2154
1037+2153
1053+2256
1003+2443
1009+1814
1014+2244
1017+2107
1018+2152
1018+2141
1023+1954
1047+1716
1050+1613
1053+1734
1053+1646
1055+1737
Rating
4E
3M
3M
4M
5M
3D
3D
4D
5D
5D
5D
5D
5D
5D
5D
5D
5D
5D
5D
5D
Map
1
1
3
2
2
1
3
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
4
4
4
4
4
Specifications
Surface
Type
Mag
Br
Gal (S0)
12.4
13.4
Gal (SA(s)a pec sp)
12.0
13.0
Gal ((R)SAB(r)bc I-II)
11.0
13.8
Gal (SAB(s)pec II-III)
11.6
14.1
Gal (SB(s)a)
12.3
12.7
Gal (E2)
12.0
12.7
Gal ((R')SB(rs)0/a)
11.4
12.8
Gal (SAB(rs)c: III)
12.1
12.7
Gal (S0)
12.0
12.1
Gal (SBb:)
13.0
13.4
Gal (SAB(rs)bc II)
12.3
13.8
Gal (Sbc)
12.4
12.8
Gal (SB(s)c pec)
13.0
14.9
Gal ((R)SB(r)a)
12.7
12.8
Gal (E2: pec)
12.7
13.1
Gal (SA(s)c II)
12.4
13.0
Gal (S0?)
12.8
13.8
Gal (Scd)
13.1
14.4
Gal (SBd pec)
12.6
14.7
Gal (S?)
12.6
12.2
- 33 -
Population