Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: MPG09344-010 / Leadership and Organisation
: 2005
: versi/revisi 0
Pertemuan 13
Managerial Traits and Skills
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Learning Outcomes
After studying this chapter students should be able to:
• Understand how conceptions about the importance of traits have
changed over the past 70 years.
• Understand the types research methods that have been used to
study leadership traits and skills
• Understand what traits are most relevant for effective leadership.
• Understand what types of skills are relevant for effective leadership.
• Understand how traits and skills are related to leadership behaviour.
• Understand how the relevance of a trait or skill depends on the
situation, type of organization, and national culture.
• Understand the traits and skills that cause some people to derail in
their managerial careers.
• Understand the limitations of the trait approach.
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Outline Materi
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Nature of Traits and Skills
Early Research on Leader Traits and Skills
Major Programs of Research on Leader Traits.
Managerial Traits and Effectiveness
Managerial Skills and Effectiveness
Other Relevant Competencies
Situational Relevance of Skills
Evaluation of the Research
Applications: Guidelines for Managers
Summary
Review and Discussion Questions
Cases
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Managerial Traits and Skills
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Nature of Traits and Skills
Trait refers to a variety of individual attributes, including
aspects of personality, temperament, needs, motives, and
values.
Three-category Taxonomy
of Leadership Skills
• Technical Skills
• Interpersonal Skills
• Conceptual Skills
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Early research on Leader traits and skills
Traits
Adaptable to situations
Alert to social environment
Ambitious, achievement oriented
Assertive
Cooperative
Decisive
Dependable
Dominant (power motivation)
Energetic (high activity level)
Persistent
Self-confident
Tolerant of stress
Willing to assume responsibility
Skills
Clever (intelligent)
Conceptually skilled
Creative
Diplomatic and tactful
Fluent in speaking
Knowledgeable about the work
Organized (administrative ability)
Persuasive
Socially skilled
Traits and skills differentiating Leaders from Non-leaders
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Major programs of research on Leader Traits
• McClelland’s Research on Managerial
Motivation
• Miner’s Research on Managerial
Motivation
• Critical Incident Research on
Competencies
• Longitudinal Research with Assessment
Centers
• Research on Managers who derail
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– Emotional Stability
– Defensiveness
– Integrity
– Interpersonal skills
– Technical and cognitive skills
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Managerial traits and effectiveness
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Energy level and stress tolerance
Self-confidence
Internal locus of control
Emotional stability and maturity
Personal integrity
Power and motivation
Achievement orientation
Need for affiliation
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• The Big Five Personality Traits
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Managerial skills and effectiveness
Conceptual Skills
Technical Skills
Interpersonal Skills
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