Matakuliah : G0602 / Bahasa Inggris 3
Tahun
: 2007
Writing paragraph and essay
Pertemuan 10
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
Writing the introductory paragraph
Writing unified supporting paragraph
Writing the concluding paragraph
Connecting the supporting paragraph in the
essay
5. Writing exercise
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Learning Outcomes
• Mahasiswa dapat mengembangkan penulisan paragraf
dan essay
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Writing
Writing on the Paper TOEFL Test
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Writing sometimes appears on the paper TOEFL test and
always appears on the Computer TOEFL test.
On the paper TOEFL test, the writing section is called the Test
of Written English (TWE).
The TWE is given at the beginning of the TOEFL test, before the
Listening Comprehension, Structure and Written Expression,
and Reading Comprehension.
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Writing on the Computer TOEFL Test
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On the computer TOEFL test, the fourth section is called the
Writing section.
The writing section appears every time that the computer
TOEFL test is given.
You have thirty minutes either to type your answer on the
computer ot to write your answer on a lined sheet of paper.
Writing
General Strategies for Writing
1. Read the question carefully, and answer the question exactly as it
is asked. Take some time at the beginning of the test to be sure that
you understand exactly what the question is asking.
2. Organized your response very clearly. You should think of having
an introduction, body paragraphs that develop the introduction, and a
conclusion to end your essay. Use transitions to help the reader
understand the organization of ideas.
3. Whenever you make any general statement, be sure to support
that statement. You can use examples, reasons, facts, or similar
details to support any general statement.
4. Stick to vocabulary and sentence structure that you know. This is
not the time to try out new words or structures.
5. Finish writing your essay a few minutes early so that you have
time to proof what you wrote. You should spend the last three to five
minutes checking your essay for errors.
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Writing
Writing Scores
The writing score on both the paper TOEFL test and the computer TOEFL
test is determined in the same way (6 is the highest and 1 is the lowest).
6.
The writer has very strong organizational, structural, and
5.
The writer has good organizational, structural, and grammatical
contains some errors.
4.
The writer has adequate organizational, structural, and
number of errors.
3.
The writer has shows evidence of organizational, structural, and
need to be improved.
2.
The writer has shows minimal ability to convey ideas in written
1.
The writer is not capable of conveying ideas in written English.
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Writing
Skill 1: Decode the Topic
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The first most important step when writing a essay on the TOEFL test it
decode the topic to determine what the intended outline is.
Writing topics generally give clear clues about how your answer should
be constructed. It is important to follow the clear clues given in the
topic when you are planning your answer.
Example of an Essay Topic
Some people prefer large weddings with lots of people, while others
prefer small weddings with only very close friends and family. Discuss
the advantages of each type of wedding. Then indicate which you
prefer and why.
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Writing
The following is an appropriate outline for an essay on the topic above:
Paragraph 1:
Introductory Paragraph
(mentioning the advantages of large and small weddings)
Paragraph 2:
First Supporting Paragraph
(listing and discussing the advantages of large weddings)
Paragraph 3:
Second Supporting Paragraph
(listing and discussing the advantages of small weddings)
Paragraph 4:
Concluding Paragraph
(whether you prefer large or small wedding and why)
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Writing
The following chart outlines the key information that you
should remember about decoding the topics:
The Writing Topic
Each writing topic shows you exactly what you should discuss and how
response. You must decode the topic carefully to determine the intended
response.
Skill 2: Develop Supporting Ideas
Supporting Ideas
Support your essay with reasons and examples, and personalize your
more support you have, the stronger you essay will be.
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Writing
Skill 3: Write the Introductory Paragraph
1. The purpose of the introduction is first to interest the
reader in your topic and then to explain clearly to the
reader what you are going to discuss.
2. When finished with your introduction, the reader
should be eager to continue on with your essay, and
the reader should have an idea of your topic and how
you are going to organize the discussion of your topic.
3. You do not need to give the outcome of your
discussion in the introduction; you can save that for
the conclusion
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Writing
The Introductory Paragraph
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Begin the introduction with background information
about how the topic relates to you in order to get the
reader interested in your essay.
End the introduction with a statement or statements that
show the reader how the rest of the essay will be
organized.
Writing
Skill 4: Write Unified Supporting Paragraphs
Unified Supporting Paragraphs
Introduce each supporting paragraph with a topic sentence
and support that paragraph with lots of details. Make sure
that the ideas in the paragraph are unified by using a
mixture of the following methods:
• Repeating a key word
• Rephrasing a key word
• Replacing a key word with a pronoun or possessive
• Adding transition words, phrases, or sentences
Note: See 7B on page 501 for examples of transition expressions.
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Writing
Skill 5: Write the Concluding Paragraph
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The purpose of the conclusion is to close your essay by summarizing
the main points of your discussion.
When finished with your conclusion, the reader should clearly
understand your exact ideas on the topic and the reasons you feel the
way that you do about the topic.
The ideas in your conclusion should be closely related to the ideas that
you began in the essay.
In the conclusion you should indicate the outcome or results of the
discussion.
The Concluding Paragraph
1. Summerize the key points in your discussion.
2. Be sure that your overall idea and the reasons for the idea are very
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Writing
Skill 6: Connect Supporting Paragraphs in the Essay
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To make your essay as clear as possible, you should show as clearly as
you can how the ideas in the supporting paragraphs in your essay are
related.
This can be accomplished (1) with transition expression such as the
first, the most important, or a final way, or (2) with transition
sentences that include the idea of the previous paragraph and the idea
of the current paragraph.
It is best to use a combination of these two types of transitions.
Well Connected Supporting Paragraphs
1. The supporting paragraphs of an essay can be connected with
sentence.
2. It is best to use a combination of these two types of transitions.
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EXERCISES
1. Exercise 58 (p.326).
2. Exercise 59 (p.327)
3. Exercise 60 (p.328)
4. Exercise skills 58-60 (pp.328-330)
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LATIHAN &
MATERI PENDUKUNG
LATIHAN
1. Exercise 1 (pp.482-483).
5. Exercise 5 (pp.494-495).
2. Exercise 2 (pp.485-486)
6. Exercise 6 (pp.497-498)
3. Exercise 3 (pp.488-489)
4. Exercise 4 (pp.492)
MATERI PENDUKUNG
1.
http://esl.about.com/od/readingcomprehensionquiz/
2.
http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/blvocabquiz_miss_word1.htm
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