Matakuliah : F0184/Audit atas Kecurangan
Tahun
: 2007
Fraud Scheme
Pertemuan IV
Learning Outcomes
• Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu mengidentifikasi
berbagai macam jenis kecurangan atau fraud
• Mahasiswa dapat melihat dan menganalisa symptom
sebagai dasar untuk melakukan fraud audit
• Mahasiswa dapat menghubungkan antara symptom
dengan hasil audit yang dilakukan
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Outline Materi
• Fraud Scheme
• Red Flag / Symptom
• Threat and sources of threat
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Sources of Fraud Symptom (Red Flag)
Employee
Management
Investment
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Employee
Accounting
anomalies
Internal control
weaknesses
Analytical
anomalies
Unusual
behavior
Tips and
complaints
Extravagant
lifestyle
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Management
Operating
performances
anomalies
Management
characteristic
that indicate
possible
motives
Organization
structure
anomalies
Irregularities
in relationship
with other
parties
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Investment
Numerous investment scams :
• Unreasonable promised rates of return
• Investment that do not make sound business sense
• Pressure to get in early on investment
• Tax avoidance schemes
• Investment that not suitable for your risk
• Pressure to put all your saving into a particular
investment
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Fraud Threat
Internal Sources
• Officer of a company create false financial reports to
improve their own performance measurement
• Managers inflate their expense accounts or turn blind
eye to supplier fraud in exchange for kickbacks
• Other employees commit fraud such as embezzlement,
cash skimming, or account receivable lapping
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Fraud Threat (Con;t)
Internal Sources
• Corporate directors defraud a company’s shareholders
through fraudulent financial reporting, stock market
manipulation, or insider trading
• Employee theft or misappropriation of assets, which may
involve collusion with outside vendors or suppliers
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Fraud Threat (Con;t)
External Sources
• Supplier falsify or duplicate invoices.
• Competitors victimize a company through industrial
espionage or price fixing.
• Con artists defraud a company with schemes involving
products, services, or investment opportunities that never
materialize
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Fraud Threat (Con;t)
External Sources
• Customers commit fraud through false credits posted to
their accounts or through rebate coupon frauds
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Challenge to the threat
• Audit trail or
documentation
• Altering records
• Destruction records
• Disposable assets
• Fictitious records
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Auditor Component
To effectively overcome the issue that we already discussed
above, fraud auditor should have following perspectives:
 Human and individual
Organizational, cultural and motivational
Economic or competitive
Social
Regulatory, legal and evidential
Accounting, audit, and internal control
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