Matakuliah : F0184/Audit atas Kecurangan
Tahun
: 2007
Fraud Scheme
Pertemuan III
Learning Outcomes
• Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu mengidentifikasi
berbagai macam jenis kecurangan atau fraud
• Mahasiswa dapat melihat dan menganalisa symptom
sebagai dasar untuk melakukan fraud audit
• Mahasiswa dapat menghubungkan antara symptom
dengan hasil audit yang dilakukan
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Outline Materi
• Fraud Scheme
• Red Flag / Symptom
• Threat and sources of threat
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Fraud Scheme
What is fraud scheme?
• Common methodology for a white collar crime
• Missing or weakness in controls can trigger the action for
fraud scheme
• How the fraud is hidden usually the weak point of the
fraudster’s case
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Scheme by Business Process
Purchasing
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Fictitious vendors
Personal purchases
Sister Company
Price Markup
Fictitious goods
Bogus goods
Accounts Payable
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Fictitious vendors
Fictitious invoice
Refund Scheme
Accelerated Payment
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Scheme by Business Process
Payroll
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Fictitious employees
Overtime markup
Employment or manpower service
Manipulation of bonus or allowance program
Employee Expense Account
• Airline ticket
• Inflated meal or entertainment
• Other direct bill options
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Scheme by Business Process
Inventory
• Theft
• Product substitution
• Fictitious transfer
Cash
• Lapping
• Kitting
• Skimming
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Scheme by Business Process
Loan or Investment
• Fictitious collateral
• Override decision process
• Kick back
Services
• Non-existent services
• Inflated services
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Financial Reporting Scheme
I
• Earning manipulation
II
• Earning management
III
• Balance Sheet Manipulation
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Financial Reporting Fraud Method
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Overstatement of earnings
Fictitious earnings
Understatement of expenses
Overstatement of assets
Understatement of allowances for receivables
Overstatement of the value inventories by not writing
down the value of obsolete goods
 Overstatement of property values and creation of
fictitious assets
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Red Flag
Red flag is a symptom that usually occur in the activities.
Not every red flag must become a fraud case because red
flag is a just a lead or sense that something probably goes
wrong.
This is become the main difference between fraud audit
with other type of audit due to red flag can’t be gain by
check list or documentation review only.
It is an awareness in the broadest sense of many
components, and an awareness of the potentially for fraud.
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Fraud Auditor Function
• Auditor should set standard for the anti fraud activities
• Auditor must know the realm of fraud possibilities
• Auditor should know the most direct route for any
investigation if the red flag occur
• Auditor should look at the motive and consider the
environment in which the employee operates to determine
if there is any possible justification
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Fraud Auditor Function (Con;t)
• Another concern of the fraud auditor is to establish
benefit and identify assets for possible recovery
• Fraud auditor assess investigative findings
• Auditor have many investigative concerns; one basic
concern is opportunity
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