Conservation &
Efficiency in
Commercial Buildings
Is LEED the answer?
S
Commercial Buildings
S Energy Used in the Commercial Sector
S 18.02% of consumption (2011)
S New Construction
S Approximately $ 165 billion
S 75% of building stock will be replaced
in the next 20 years
Leadership in Energy &
Environmental Design (LEED)
S United States Green Building Committee (USGBC)
S Nonprofit
S “Ecolabel”
S Point based system
S 5 Categories
S
Sustainable Sites
S
Water Efficiency
S
Energy and Atmosphere
S
Material and Resources
S
Indoor Environmental Quality
LEED basics
S Prerequisites
S Registration
S Required before credits
S Credits
S Compliance
S Design phase
Points
S Certification (100 pt. scale)
S Certified: 40-49 points
S Silver:
S Submittals
50-59 points
S Gold:
60-79 points
S Platinum: 80+ points
S Construction phase
S Review (after construction)
S 13,500 certified LEED
buildings as of June 2013
S Report operations data
Class Simulation
S 2 Members of LEED
S 1 Financier
S 3 Teams
S Requirements for Teams
S LEED Gold
S Budget Costs
Economics
S Criticism
S Initial Cost
S
2% more (NRDC)
S Fees
S Registration fee
S Per square foot fee
S $35,000 on average
S Praise
S Life Cycle Cost
S
S
Lowered Overhead
More employees and Expand operations
S Investment in Emerging Technology
Environmental Effect
S Praise
S 14% generated renewable energy
S 12% took major steps to reduce water use e.g. treat sewage on site
S Increased use of low-flush toilets, low-emitting paints, and
materials from sustainably harvested wood
S Criticism
S Easiest and cheapest points used
S No proven environmental benefit
S Certified prior to occupancy
Port of Portland Headquarters
S Ratings
S Forbes rates top 10 high tech buildings
S LEED Platinum
S http://www.portofportland.com/prj_POP_HQP2_Home.aspx
Regulatory Structure
S Control and Command
S Detailed, legal requirements on sources of pollution
S Environmental standards, permit allowances, penalties
S Incentives Based
S Compliance is optional
S Tax breaks, grants, expedited permitting, etc.
S Free Market
S Purely voluntary compliance
S No government regulation
S Hybrid
S Independent organizations develop standards
Regulatory Reality
S Mandatory Regulation
S “442 localities . . . 35 state governments . . . [and] 14 federal
agencies or departments” have implemented LEED - USGBC
S
S
More than 200 jurisdictions require for new public buildings
Some jurisdictions require for private commercial buildings
S Incentives
S 200 jurisdictions (in conjunction with or in place of LEED)
S Tax deduction up to $1.80 per square foot
S Tax credit 26 U.S.C. § 48
S 30% of costs for investing in solar energy
S 10% of costs for certain geothermal equipment and heat
pumps
S 170 cities give tax breaks, grants, expedited permits, or waivers
The Road Ahead
The Hybrid Approach
S Positives
S Flexibility in standards and process
S
S
S
Innovation in Design
Regional Priorities
Online Submittals
S Growing alternatives: Energy Star, Green Globes, GGHC
S Government as consumer
S Negatives
S Government regulation mandating use of LEED
S Predicted energy use not equaling actual energy use
S Recommended Changes for LEED
S More actual energy use data
S More aggressive benchmarks
LEED: LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
CLASS CHALLENGE
Certified
Silver
Gold
Platinum
12-14 points
15-17 points
18-23 points
24+ points
Total of 30 Points Available
METHOD
DESCRIPTION
POINTS COST
Sustainable Sites
1.1 Public Transportation
Access
1.2 Bicycle Storage
Locate building within ½ mile to rail station OR ¼
mile to bus stop
Locate bicycle storage within 200 yards of building
entrance for 5% of building users
4
$5
1
$10
Reduce building sewage by 50% thru waterconserving fixtures or nonpotable water (e.g.
captured rainwater, graywater, etc.)
2
$35
Demonstrate energy improvement over a baseline
rate thru computer simulation model. 12% min.
reduction with 1pt. for every 2% after that.
Energy produced as percent of building’s annual
energy cost. 1pt. for every 2% produced.
2
5
10
2
$30
$100
$250*
$60*
Use salvaged, refurbished, or reused materials in
min. 5% (1pt.) or 10% (2pt.) of total material cost.
2
$25
Use with volatile organic compound (VOC) as
limited per Green Seal Standard.
Provide individual lighting controls for 90% of
building occupants for adjustment for various tasks.
Achieve significant, measurable environmental
performance using a strategy not already in LEED.
You must tell us what, how, and why, and WE
WILL DECIDE how many points to give.
Use 3.2 and receive 1pt. extra.
2
$25
2
$30
1-3
$60
1
$0
1
$10
Water Efficiency
2.1 Wastewater Reduction
Energy and Atmosphere
3.1 Energy Performance
3.2 On-site Renewable
Energy
Materials and Resources
4.1 Materials Reuse
Indoor Environmental
Quality
5.1 Low-Emitting Materials
(Paints and Coatings)
5.2 Controllability of Lighting
Innovation in Design
Regional Priority
LEED Accredited Person
One principal participant is LEED accredited.
* Accounts for State and/or Federal Tax Credit