vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
TITLE
DECLARATION
ii
DEDICATION
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
IV
ABSTRACT
1
V
ABSTRAK
VI
LIST OF TABLES
XI
LIST OF FIGURE
XII
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
Background of the Study
3
1.3
Background of the Problem
4
1.4
Research Questions
6
1.5
Research Objectives
6
1.6
Relation between research questions and objectives
7
1.7
Scope of the Study
8
1.8
Significance of the Study
9
1.9
Structure of the Study
1.10 Thesis Outline
2
PAGE
LITERATURE REVIEW
10
12
14
2.1
Overview
14
2.2
Cloud Computing Definition
16
2.3
Cloud Computing Types of Services
18
2.4
Cloud Computing Deployment models
21
viii
Public Clouds
21
2.4.2
Private Clouds
23
2.4.3
Hybrid Clouds
24
2.5
Characteristics of Cloud Computing
25
2.6
Cloud Computing Advantages and Drawbacks
27
2.6.1
Drawbacks
27
2.6.2
Advantages
28
2.7
Cloud Computing Advantages in Banking System
29
2.8
Adopting the Paradigm of Cloud Computing
30
2.8.1
Challenges
31
2.8.2
Benefits
34
2.9
3
2.4.1
Previous Study about Factors That Influencing Cloud
Computing Adoption
36
2.10
Gaps in the Literature of Cloud Computing Technology
44
2.11
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
45
2.12
Technology Acceptance Model 2 (TAM2)
46
2.13
Technology Acceptance Model 3 (TAM3)
47
2.14
Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology
(UTAUT)
48
2.15
Gaps in Technology Acceptance Literature
49
2.16
Chapter Summary
52
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
53
3.1
Introduction
53
3.2
Research Method
53
3.2.1
Quantitative Methods
54
3.2.2
Qualitative Method
56
3.2.2.1 Design of Interview Guide
56
3.3
Target population and sampling
57
3.4
Phases Definition
59
3.4.1
Phase1 (Theoretical Study)
59
3.4.2
Phase 2 Pilot Testing the Questionnaire
60
3.4.3
Preliminary Finding Analysis
60
3.5
Validity and Reliability Test
61
ix
3.6
3.7
3.8
4
5
Validity Test
62
3.6.1
63
Phase 3 (discussion and conclusion)
Systematic Literature Review Method for identifying the
Factors that Influence Cloud Computing Adoption
64
3.7.1
Planning the Systematic Literature Review
64
3.7.1.1
64
Identification of Systematic Review Needs
3.7.1.2 Search Strategy
65
3.7.1.3 Databases used: The Databases below Were
Utilized for this Research Study
65
3.7.1.4 Study Selection Criteria
66
3.7.1.5
Inclusion Criteria
67
3.7.1.6 Exclusion Criteria
67
Summary
67
INITIAL FINDINGS
68
4.1
Introduction
68
4.2
Initial Developing Model
68
4.3
Developing Initial Model
71
4.4
Proposed Hypotheses
72
4.5
Question Development
76
4.6
Interview Questions
78
4.7
Summary
79
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
80
5.1
Introduction
80
5.2
Data Description
80
5.2.1
Data Collection
81
5.2.2
Demographic Statistics
82
5.2.2.1 Demographic Statistics by Educational Level
82
5.2.2.2 Demographic Statistics by Age
82
5.2.2.3 Demographic Statistics by User Awareness
83
5.2.2.4 Factors Affecting Cloud Technology
Adoption
5.3
Model Measurement
84
87
x
5.4
6
5.3.1
Constructs and Measures
87
5.3.2
Internal Consistency Reliability
88
5.3.3
Indicator Reliability
90
5.3.4
Construct Validation
91
5.3.4.1 Convergent validity
91
5.3.4.2 Discriminant validity
92
Hypotheses Testing
95
5.4.1
Structural Research Model Test
95
5.4.2
Coefficient of Determination (R2)
96
5.4.3
Bootstrapping Procedure
97
5.5
Empirical Findings from Interview
102
5.6
Finding explanation based on Interview
104
5.7
Final Model Discussion
104
5.8
Chapter Summary
104
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
105
6.1
Introduction
105
6.2
Achievements
105
6.3
Contribution of the research
108
6.4
Limitations
108
6.5
Further Research
109
6.7
Conclusion
110
REFERENCES
112
APPENDIX A
112
APPENDIX B
112
xi
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO.
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
Factors that Influencing Cloud Computing Adoption
37
‎2.2
Construct definitions of TAM, TAM2, TAM3, and UTAUT
50
‎3.1
Krejcie and Morgan list
54
‎3.2
Phases Definition
59
3.3
Cronbach‘s Alpha questionnaire reliability analysis
61
3.4
Composite Reliability
62
3.5
AVE (Average Extracted)
63
‎4.1
Prior Researches about Cloud Computing Adoption
69
4.2
The Most Important Factors of CC Adoption
70
4.3
Constructs and measuring items
76
‎5.1
Demographics of Educational Level
82
5.2
Demographics for Age
82
‎5.3
User Awareness
84
‎5.4
Descriptive and Reliability Statistic
89
5.5
Reliability Measurement for each constructs
90
5.6
AVE Value
92
‎5.7
Inter-Correlation Matrix
93
5.8
The Cross Loading Output Using Smart PLS
94
5.9
Summary of the Results
98
5.10
Table of comparison model
105
xii
LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE NO.
TITLE
PAGE
‎1.1
Relation between Research Questions and Research Objectives
1.2
Research Strategy Diagram
11
2.1
Literature Map
15
2.2
The Framework of the NIST Definition of Cloud Computing
18
2.3
Public Cloud Model
22
2.4
Private Cloud Model
23
2.5
Hybrid Cloud Model
24
2.6
Major Issues of Cloud Computing
32
2.7
Basic variables of TAM and their relationships (Davis, 1989)
46
2.8
Technology Acceptance Model 2 (Venkatesh & Davis 2000)
47
‎2.9
Technology Acceptance Model 3 (Venkatesh & Bala 2008)
48
‎2.10
Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology
(Venkatesh et al. 2003)
48
3.1
Research Framework
58
4.1
TAM-DTM Model
71
4.2
Cloud based Apps Adoption Model
72
5.1
Data Security
84
5.2
Data privacy
85
5.3
Cost
86
5.4
Attitude toward Using New Technology
86
5.5
Results of Structural Model
97
5.6
Final Model For Adoption Of Cloud Computing In Banking
System
8
100