vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1
2
TITLE
PAGE
NO
DECLARATION
ii
DEDICATION
iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
iv
ABSTRAC
v
ABSTRAK
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vii
LIST OF TABLES
xiv
LIST OF FIGURES
xv
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
Problem Background
2
1.3
Research Questions
3
1.4
Objectives
4
1.5
Scope of Study
4
1.6
Significant of Study
4
1.7
1.8
Organization of Chapters
Chapter Summary
5
5
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
2.2
Introduction
Cloud Computing
2.2.1
7
8
Cloud Computing Service Models (SaaS,
PaaS and IaaS)
9
2.2.1.1
Software as a Service (SaaS)
10
2.2.1.2
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
10
viii
2.2.1.3
2.2.2
2.3
Cloud Computing Deployment Models
(Public, Private and Hybrid)
Cloud Computing in Higher Education
2.3.1
2.4
Impact of Cloud Computing in Higher
Education
2.3.1.1 Students
11
11
12
14
15
2.3.1.2
Teachers
16
2.3.1.3
Researchers
16
Cloud Computing Example applications
17
2.4.1
Google Drive
17
2.4.1.1
Advantages
18
2.4.1.2
Online Collaboration
19
2.4.13
Disadvantages
19
2.4.2
DropBox
2.4.2.1
2.4.3
2.5
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
20
2.4.2.2
Educational Applications
of Dropbox
DropBox Characteristics
20
20
2.4.2.3
Advantages
21
2.4.2.4
Disadvantages
21
UTM as the first dropbox user
Adoption of cloud based applications in higher
education
22
2.5.1
Challenges
22
22
2.5.2
Opportunities
23
2.5.3
Perspective
23
2.6
Comparative Studies and Previous Model Analysis
24
2.7
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
28
2.8
Actor-Network Theory
29
2.9
TAM and ANT for Cloud Computing
30
2.10 Factor Dependency
32
2.10.1 Human Factors
33
2.10.2 Self-Efficacy
33
2.10.3 Factor Reference list based on Adoption
Relevant Studies
2.11 Case Study 1: CC and TAM
2.11.1 Model Fit
2.12 Case Study 2: CC and TAM
35
39
41
43
ix
2.12.1
3
44
2.13 Literature Review Discussion
45
2.14 Chapter summary
46
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Introduction
48
3.2
Phases of Research Methodology
49
3.2.1
Phase 1: Planning
49
3.2.2
Phase 2: Initial Findings
50
3.2.2.1
Select basic research methods
50
3.2.2.2
Data Collection
51
3.2.2.3
Random Sampling Method
52
3.2.2.4
Questionnaire
52
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.3
4
Model fit
Phase 3: Data Collection and Analysis
54
3.2.3.1
Research location
54
3.2.3.2
Research participants
54
3.2.3.3
Conduct Survey
54
Phase 4: Finalize Formulation (Model)
57
3.2.4.1
57
Main study
Phase 5: Discussion and Conclusion
Chapter summary
59
61
MODEL DEVELOPMENT
4.1
4.2
Introduction
62
Questionnaire Development
63
4.2.1
General List of Human Factors
63
4.2.1.1
Motivation
65
4.2.1.2
Self-Efficacy
66
4.2.1.3
Exposure
66
4.2.2
Selected Human Factors
67
4.2.3
Demographic Factors
67
4.2.3.1
Gender
68
4.2.3.2
Faculty
68
4.2.3.3
Educational Level
68
4.2.3.4
Age
69
4.2.4
Background of Participants
69
x
4.2.5
5
4.2.4.1
Working experience
69
4.2.4.2
Experience in using computer
69
4.2.4.3
Experience in using internet
70
4.2.4.4
Experience in using cloud-based
applications
Opinion Related Questions
4.2.5.1 perceived usefulness
70
70
71
4.2.5.2
Perceived ease of use
71
4.2.5.3
Attitude toward use
72
4.2.5.4
Behavioral intention to use
72
4.2.5.5
Acceptance to use
73
4.2.5.6
Human factor
74
4.3
Processing Cloud-based Applications Adoption model
77
4.4
Model
79
4.5
Pilot Survey Overview
80
4.6
Preliminary finding analysis on pilot Questionnaire
81
4.7
Chapter Summary
82
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.1
Introduction
83
5.2
Questionnaire development and data collection
83
5.3
Questionnaire Analysis
84
5.4
Factor Analysis
84
5.5
Analysis of Reliability
85
5.6
Demographic Factors
86
5.7
Usage Stats
87
5.8
Opinion related to Cloud-based Application Adoption
88
5.9
Test of Propositions
89
5.10 Exposure Impact Evaluation from another Perspective
94
5.11 Motivation Influence Evaluation from another
Perspective
5.12 Cloud based application familiarity over usage
95
97
5.13 Effect of Some Demographic Factors
98
5.13.1
Gender
98
5.13.2
Age
100
5.14 Conclusion
101
5.15 Final Model
101
5.16 Recommendation
103
xi
5.17 Chapter summary
6
106
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
6.1
Introduction
107
6.2
Achievements
107
6.2.1
Achievement 1
108
6.2.2
Achievement 2
108
6.2.3
Achievement 3
109
6.3
Constrains, challenges and limitations
110
6.4
Future work
111
6.5
Chapter summary
111
REFERENCE
112
APPENDIX A
120
xii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
NO.
2.1
TITLE
PAGE
NO.
List of Comparative Studies with reference to acceptance and
adoption of a new technology.
24
2.2
List of human factors used as external variables in TAM
35
3.1
Research methods Reference
50
3.2
List of Factors involved in our model and hypothesis, and their
associated number
55
3.3
Detailed Framework of Phases in the project
58
4.1
List of Human Factors studied in different studies relevant to
Adoption issue.
62
5.1
KMO Factor Analysis output
84
5.2
Cronbach’s alpha reliability test output
84
5.3
Cronbach’s Alpha value for all the questions categorized
by factor type.
85
5.4
Summary of statistics for all 8 variables in the model
85
5.6
Opinion related questions statistics. Number of questions
involved, Mean and standard deviation of each group is as
shown.
87
Result of all the variables regression.
89
5.7
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE
NO.
2.1
TITLE
PAGE
Schema of Cloud computing service and model
deployment with two cloud based applications
example of Google Drive and DropBox.
8
2.2
Basic variables of TAM and their relationships
27
2.3
Proposed Model of Framework 1 using
Technology Acceptance Model
38
2.4
Model Fit of Framework 1
40
2.5
Model Fit of Framework 2
44
3.1
Project Flow Chart
48
4.1
Proposed schema of TAM with modification in
independent variables. Human factors are added.
77
4.2
Detailed schema of human factors addition to
the normal TAM. These variables are
considered as external variables.
78
The output of the proposed model with the measure
of regression based on our hypothesis
91
5.2
The final model fit with the measure of regression.
92
5.3
Influence of being exposed to the cloud based
applications by mean of different contacts
94
Influence of being motivated to use cloud based
applications from different contacts.
96
Comparison plot of using cloud based applications
over knowing them
97
Final Model Fit
102
5.1
5.4
5.5
5.6