Introduction to Engineering
Lab 3 -1
Basic Electronics with Circuit Prototyping
Agenda
 Introduction to circuits
 Building a simple circuit
1
OVERVIEW
 MAJOR TYPES of ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
 COMPONENTS and SYMBOLS
 PROTOTYPING BOARDS
 POWER SUPPLIES
 DIGITAL MULTIMETER
 DIGITAL COUNTER
 SCHEMATIC CIRCUIT DRAWINGS
 SIMPLE CIRCUIT, BUILD AND USE
2
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
 DIGITAL
OPERATION EXHIBITS A FINITE NUMBER OF
DISCRETE CONDITIONS (e.g., ON/OFF) AND IS
RELATIVELY INSENSITIVE TO NOISE
 ANALOG
OPERATION EXHIBITS AN INFINITE NUMBER
OF DIFFERENT CONDITIONS AND IS
RELATIVELY SENSITIVE TO NOISE
3
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS








SWITCHES
RESISTORS
CAPACITORS
LIGHT EMITTING DIODES
CADMIUM SULFIDE PHOTOCELLS
TRIM POTENTIOMETERS
TRANSISTORS
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (ICs)
4
SWITCHES
 NUMBER OF POLES (contact pairs)
 TYPE OF ACTION (bi-stable, momentary, etc.)
 BODY/ACTUATOR STYLE (micro, toggle,
button, chassis mount, etc.)
C
NO
NC
MICROSWITCH, LEVER ACTUATED, SPDT
5
RESISTORS
 RESIST THE FLOW OF ELECTRICAL
CURRENT
 NO POLARITY
 POWER LIMITED
 UNIT OF MEASURE IS OHMS
 COLOR BANDS INDICATE VALUE,
TOLERANCE
A 100 Kohm Resistor
6
CAPACITORS
 HOLD AN ELECTRICAL CHARGE THAT
VARIES WITH CURRENT (VOLTAGE)
 VOLTAGE LIMITED
 UNIT OF MEASURE IS FARADS (but
generally expressed in micro, nano, or pico
farads)
+
7
Polarized and Non-polarized Capacitors
LIGHT EMITTING DIODES
 PASS ELECTRICAL CURRENT IN ONE
DIRECTION ONLY
 EMIT LIGHT PROPORTIONAL TO
CURRENT THROUGH DIODE (over limited
range)
 MUST HAVE CURRENT LIMITED BY A
RESISTOR IN SERIES
+
8
CdS PHOTOCELLS
 RESISTANCE THAT VARIES
WITH INCIDENT LIGHT
 SENSITIVE TO ALL LIGHT
(whether from LED or room
lighting)
 POWER LIMITED
9
TRIM POTENTIOMETERS
RESISTANCE THAT VARIES BY
MANUAL ADJUSTMENT
SLOTTED KNOB USED TO MOVE
INTERNAL ‘WIPER’ ACROSS
RESISTANCE
POWER LIMITED
1
2
3
10
TRANSISTORS
 CONTROL THE FLOW OF CURRENT
IN ONE DIRECTION
 MUST HAVE CURRENT LIMITED BY
LOAD AND/OR ADDITIONAL
RESISTANCE
E
B
C
11
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
 MANY TRANSISTORS,
RESISTORS, AND
CAPACITORS ON A
SINGLE SILICON WAFER
TO PERFORM SPECIFIC
FUNCTIONS
 THE WAFER IS
MOUNTED TO A
CARRIER FOR EASE OF
USE AND HEAT
DISSIPATION
Notches mark pin 1 end or
pin 1 of IC
(highlighted for clarity)
8
1
5
1
4
7
12
PROTOTYPING BOARDS
 Bare
Prototyping
Board
13
PROTOTYPING BOARDS
 Bare Board
 Power and
ground
terminal
posts
14
PROTOTYPING BOARDS
 Bare Board
 Power and
ground
terminal
posts
 5-hole sets,
electrically
common
(connected)
internally
15
PROTOTYPING BOARDS
 Bare Board
 Power and
ground
terminal
posts
 Power bus
(red/solid)
 Ground bus
(blue/dashed)
16
PROTOTYPING BOARDS
 Bare Board
 Power and
ground
terminal
posts
 Jumpers for
complete
distribution of
power
17
PROTOTYPING BOARDS
 Bare Board
 Power and
ground
terminal
posts
 Connecting to
the work
space
18
POWER SUPPLIES
 BATTERIES
 AC to DC POWER SUPPLIES
19
DIGITAL MULTIMETER
 MEASURE
RESISTANCE,
CURRENT, or
VOLTAGE
 WE WILL USE IT
FOR VOLTAGE
MEASUREMENTS
20
DIGITAL COUNTER
 ACCUMULATES AND
DISPLAYS ‘COUNTS’
 EACH ‘CLEAN’
SWITCH CLOSURE
(OR EQUIVALENT)
ON THE INPUT
CAUSES THE
DISPLAY TO
INCREMENT BY ONE
 RESET DISPLAY TO
ZERO WITH FRONT
PUSHBUTTON
Pin 1
Silver Mark
21
SCHEMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
TO COMMUNICATE THE DESIGN IN
A STANDARD WAY
22
Assignment
Read Lab 3 Procedure Carefully
23