Introduction to CD-ROM by Franz Rothenbacher As a supplement to the handbook, the CD-ROM provides data for further analyses of demographic developments, population and household structures in Western and East-Central Europe. The CD-ROM includes not only the printed country tables in computerized form, it also contains additional data tables with basic data on demographic developments and the population by age, sex and marital status for one-year age groups that may be used for specific research purposes and statistical analyses. Thus, with the help of the CD-ROM, the reader can study population questions with respect to main trends in demographic developments, the population by size and composition according to region, sex, age and marital status, shifts in the population structure and the composition of households—for individual countries or comparatively. Before using the CD-ROM, the reader should first consult the handbook. The General Introduction (Chap. I.1) presents the background and history of the project and outlines the overall structure of the handbook. Especially, the introductory chapter Demographic Measures and Demographic Statistics (Chap. I.6) presents the main concepts and methods used for the collection and analysis of demographic data covered in the tables and the graphs. Four introductory chapters on Population and Territory, Population Growth and Demographic Transition, Marriage, Legitimacy, Divorce, and Households and Families (Chap. I.2–I.5), examine the main trends from 1850–1945 and cross-national differences between European population movements, as well as providing comparative tables. For analyses of particular countries, the handbook’s Country Profiles (Chap. II.1–II.21) introduce the reader to nation state formation and territorial changes, population structures and movements, and the systems of national demographic statistics. Statistical sources and relevant literature are listed in one Bibliography at the end of the volume. All tables of the individual country profiles are included on the CD-ROM, but graphs are presented in the book only. Finally, we have standardized the numbering, indicators, and presentation of the Country Tables and Figures. TABLE CD.1 Country Austria Empire Austria Republic Belgium Code A Czechoslovakia CS Denmark DK Finland SF A B Tables and time series on CD-ROM (Excel) Table 1 1869– 1910 1920–39 Table 2 1866– 1910 — Table 3 — 1846– 1947 1921–30 1846– 1947 1921–50 1846– 1947 1921–50 1855– 1940 1865– 1940 1870– 1901 1875– 1940 1911–40 1923–51 1875– 1940 Table 4 1850– 1913 1871– 1945 1850– 1945 1919–45 1850– 1945 1850– 1945 Table 5 1870/80– 1906/10 1930/33 Table 6 1869– 1910 1920–34 1881/90– 1918/32 1920/22– 37 1835/44– 1941/45 1881/90– 194145 1846– 1947 1921–50 1840– 1940 1865– 1900 General Appendix France F Germany D Greece GR Hungary Empire Hungary Kingdom Iceland H Ireland/Irish Republic Italy IRL Luxemburg L The Netherlands NL Norway N Poland PL Portugal P Spain E Sweden S Switzerland CH United Kingdom UK Great Britain GB H IS I 1851– 1946 1871– 1939 1907–28 1872– 1946 1871– 1933 1870– 1947 1870– 1910 1920–30 1872– 1946 1871– 1933 1870– 1940 — 1840– 1940 1861– 1936 1871– 1936 1890– 1947 1849– 1947 1865– 1946 1921–31 1901–40 1901–40 1871– 1946 1871– 1936 1839– 1935 1869– 1930 1876– 1910 1921–31 1871– 1946 1871– 1936 1839– 1935 1869– 1930 1920– 1946 1921–31 1850– 1945 1850– 1945 1850– 1945 1865– 1918 1869– 1945 1850– 1945 1850– 1945 1861– 1945 1850– 1945 1850– 1945 1850– 1945 1900–45 1864– 1940 1857– 1940 1860– 1945 1860– 1941 — 1878– 1940 1877– 1940 1870– 1940 1870– 1941 1871– 1931 — 1878– 1940 1877– 1940 1870– 1940 1870– 1941 1871– 1931 — 1850– 1945 1850– 1945 1850– 1945 1850– 1945 1850– 1945 — — — 1871– 1931 1871– 1931 1871– 1931 1926–37 1871– 1931 1871– 1931 1871– 1931 1926–37 1880– 1910 1920–41 EL 1851– 1931 1851– 1931 — Wales W — Scotland SC 1851– 1931 1926–37 England and Wales England Northern Ireland EW NI 3 1930—49 1817/31– 1933/38 1871/81– 1932/34 1879– 1940 — 1900/01– 1941 1841/50– 1941/50 1900/2– 1940/42 1876/87– 1935/37 1901/03– 1943/45 1871/81– 1932/34 1821/30– 1931/41 1927– 31/32 1929/32– 45 1900–40 1851– 1946 1871– 1939 1861– 1951 1870– 1910 1920–41 1703– 1940 1821– 1946 1871– 1944 1864– 1935 1829– 1930 1825– 1946 1921–31 1755/76– 1941/45 1876/80– 1939/44 — 1835– 1940 1857– 1940 1860– 1945 1850– 1941 — — — 1850– 1945 — 1841– 1930/32 — 1801– 1931 — — — — 1850– 1945 1922–45 1861/70– 1930/32 1911– 1936/38 1801– 1931 1926–37 The handbook provides important background information for the use of the data contained on the CD-ROM. To make proper use of the electronic tables and databases included, users of the electronic version are asked to consult the handbook, in particular the sections ‘State Formation and Territory’, ‘The National System of Demographic Statistics’ and ‘Boundary Changes’. The CD-ROM thus complements, but does not substitute for the handbook, while it also includes a wealth of supplementary data. Besides the computer-readable tables which are included in the handbook, additional tables on population developments and structure that could not be published due to space limitations are included on the CD-ROM. The data comprise first: the absolute values used for calculating the demographic indicators (annual data for mid-year population, live births, deaths, marriages, divorces, etc.); second: the absolute values on the population by age, sex and marital status in one-year age groups for each population census. It is important to note that these latter data have been included for the time period 1850 to 1990. These additional databases allow further analysis by the reader, be it research on the General Appendix 4 demographic development of one individual country, or new comparative analyses of some selected variables. Coverage The handbook and CD-ROM cover all Western European countries, plus the EastCentral European countries of Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland. Thus, it includes all of the European Union member states. For most countries, data are available from 1850 until 1945. For Czechoslovakia and Poland, data series start after the end of World War I. In Italy, national data became available in the 1860s after unification. As regards Austria and Hungary, data are available for two different territorial states: for the larger territory until World War I, and the retrospectively recalculated figures for the territory of the republic resp. kingdom. In contrast to statistics in other fields, population statistics in Europe remained national until 1945; there was no equivalent to ‘European population statistics’, which began to be compiled with the foundation of the European Union after the war. Thus only national data are presented in the handbook and on the CD-ROM. On the CD-ROM, users will find easy access to these national areas by clicking on the left banner: Country Countries covered (1850–1945): Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Luxemburg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, England and Wales, and Scotland; Austrian Empire (1850–1913); Austrian Republic (1871–1945); Czechoslovakia (1919–45); Hungarian Empire (1865–1918); Hungarian Kingdom (1869–1945); Italy (1861– 1945); Poland (1900–45); Northern Ireland (1922–45). Type of information The CD-ROM provides information on four main aspects of population structure and development for each country, or at the regional level. Population structure and density Vital statistics Life expectancy Households and families Development of national population structures by population size, sex, marital status and age according to population censuses (with the age being given as detailed as possible, mostly in oneyear age groups). Development of population distribution and population density by regions according to population censuses. Annual series on mid-year population, population growth and net migration, fertility, legitimacy and illegitimacy, general and infant mortality, nuptiality and divortiality. For each country one table on life expectancy by sex for selected ages. Basic data and indicators for the years of the population censuses on households by type, members, size, composition, in some cases also by region and profession of household head. General Appendix TABLE CD.2 Variable name AGE YEAR 5 Variable names and variable description for the Additional Table II on ‘Age, Sex, and Civil Status’ on CD-ROM (Excel) Variable description Year of age (or age group) Census year (or year of population registration) Numerical country code Alphanumerical country code Males total Males single Males married (Iceland: ... and living with wife) Variable name Variable description F_TOT F_SGL F_MAR M_WID M_SEP M_SEP_DF Males widowed Males separated Males separated de facto F_WID F_SEP F_SEP_DF M_DIV M_UNK M_WDS Males divorced Males unknown Males widowed or divorced or separated Males married, but separated Males divorced or separated Males widowed or divorced Males living together Males married total (Iceland) F_DIV F_UNK F_WDS Females total Females single Females married (Iceland: ... and living with husband) Females widowed Females separated Females separated de facto Females divorced Females unknown Females widowed or divorced or separated Females married, but separated Females divorced or separated Females widowed or divorced Females living together Females married total (Iceland) Females married to the U.S. Defence Force who are included in the National Registry (Iceland) Females legally separated (Iceland) Females single, widowed and divorced Females married Females remarried Females legally married Females non-legally married COUN CODE M_TOT M_SGL M_MAR M_MAS M_DIS M_WD M_LTG M_MAR_T F_MAS F_DIS F_WD F_LTG F_MAR_T F_MAR_US M_SEP_LE M_SWD M_MA1 M_MA2 M_MAR_LG M_MAR_DF Males legally separated (Iceland) Males single, widowed and divorced Males married Males remarried Males legally married Males non-legally married F_SEP_LE F_SWD F_MA1 F_MA2 F_MAR_LG F_MAR_DF General Appendix TABLE CD.3 6 Value labels for the variables of the Additional Table II on ‘Age, Sex, and Civil Status’ on CD-ROM (Excel) Variable Value Label Description (sorted) AGE 100+, 101+, etc. 199 200 100 years and more, etc. 301 305 211 315 390 375 220 255 260 350 311 310 395 204 205 325 212 210 385 290 235 230 380 225 200 208 202 203 206 COUN Value Label (sorted) Description Austrian Empire Austrian Republic Belgium Czechoslovakia Denmark Finland France German Empire Federal Republic of Germany Greece Hungarian Empire Hungarian Kingdom Iceland Ireland Irish Republic Italy 200 202 203 204 205 206 208 210 211 212 220 225 230 235 255 260 Luxemburg The Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Great Britain England and Wales Scotland Northern Ireland 290 301 305 310 311 315 325 350 375 380 385 390 395 United Kingdom England and Wales Scotland Ireland Irish Republic Northern Ireland Great Britain The Netherlands Belgium Luxemburg France Switzerland Spain Portugal German Empire Federal Republic of Germany Poland Austrian Empire Austrian Republic Hungarian Kingdom Hungarian Empire Czechoslovakia Italy Greece Finland Sweden Norway Denmark Iceland Unknown Total Types of data The following types of data are available on this CD-ROM; they allow browsing, printing, and/or further computation depending on the data format: Tables Documentation Handbook appendix tables (1–6) (PDF and Excel formats) Additional tables (I–II) (PDF and Excel formats) Country chapter section on ‘The national system of demographic statistics’ with information on the history and organization of population statistics and a definition of statistical concepts (PDF format). Handbook appendix table (7) (PDF format) on the availability of demographic statistics. General Appendix 7 The complete ‘Bibliography’, comprising full documentation of the statistical sources used for compiling the tables and databases (PDF format). The CD-ROM brochure explains how to install and run the programmes on the CD-ROM, and how to launch the menu-driven (hyperlinks) interface that leads users through the different options. Links allow easy access to the different types of information and files. We hope that the CD-ROM fosters further in-depth comparative or individual country analyses, and can be easily amended and updated for future research by users. Acknowledgements The country tables were compiled by the author with the help of many librarians and students; their contribution is gratefully recognized in the Preface to the handbook. The data collection was partly founded on an older database—developed by Peter Flora and Winfried Pfenning—which is as well acknowledged in the Preface. The author developed the structure of the data base and collected the data. The author furthermore designed the basic structure of the CD-ROM, developed its content, and constructed its databases. I thank Birgit Becker for programming the interface. General Appendix 8 Austria The Austrian data series include information on two different territorial states: The Austrian Empire (without Hungary) from 1850 to 1913 The Austrian Republic from 1920 to 1945 In addition, annual time series on the population movement are included for the territory of the Austrian Republic for the years 1871 to 1919. These annual vital statistics data were calculated retrospectively by the Austrian Central Statistical Office. Table A.6E on ‘Mean household size by region’ and Table A.6F on ‘Household composition’ also include recalculations for the time before World War I for the administrative division of the Austrian Republic into Bundesländer. In the regional Tables A.2 and A.3, the year 1951 is included in order to allow comparisons with 1934. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. Belgium The Belgian data series include information on the population movement from 1850 to 1945. Information on population and household structures is included covering the period from the first modern Belgian population census of 1846 until the first census after World War II in 1947. The year 1947 is included in order to enable a comparison with the last pre-World War II census of 1930. Table B.6E on ‘Household composition’ also includes, besides 1930, the years 1947 and 1961 because this type of classification was abandoned afterwards. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. Czechoslovakia The Czechoslovak data series include information on the population movement from 1919 to 1945. General Appendix 9 Information on population and household structures includes the first Czechoslovak population census of 1921, the second census of 1930, and the first census conducted after World War II in 1950. The year 1950 is included in order to enable a comparison with the last pre-World War II census of 1930. Tables CS.6A, CS.6B and CS.6D on households present data for the Czech as well as the Slovak Republic. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. Denmark The Danish data series include information on the population movement from 1850 to 1945. Information on population and household structures mostly refers to the period 1850 until 1940. Data on the regional population structure are included for the period 1870 to 1940. The administrative division of Denmark changed after 1901. Therefore, there are two tables, with the first one covering the years 1870 to 1901, and the second one referring to the years 1911 to 1940. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. Finland The Finnish data series include information on the population movement from 1850 to 1945. Information on the population structure is included for the years 1865 to 1940, and data on the regional population distribution for the years 1875 to 1940. There is only very little information available on households, and mainly for the years 1880 to 1900 only. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. France The French data series include information on the population movement from 1850 to 1945. General Appendix 10 Information on population and household structures was available for the years 1851 to 1946. The first population census held after World War II in 1946 was included in order to enable a comparison with the last pre-World War II census of 1936. Data on the regional population structure are given for the census years from 1872 to 1946. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. Germany The German data series include information on the population movement from 1850 to 1945. The data from 1871 to 1945 refer to the German Empire in its respective boundaries. The data prior to 1871 were calculated retrospectively by the German Federal Statistical Office for the territory of the German Empire of 1871. Information on population and household structures is included for the period 1871 to 1939. Detailed data on households on the national level became available only after 1900 (see Rothenbacher, 1997). Data on the regional population structure are included for the years from 1871 to 1933. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. Greece The Greek data series include information on the population movement from 1850 to 1945. But it has to be said that only little information is available for the time prior to the year 1921. The annual mid-year population vital statistics data refer to the respective territorial state. Concerning Greece, the several enlargements of the national territory have to be taken into account. Information on the population structure by sex, age, and civil status was available for the censuses from 1907 to 1928. Some household data cover the period 1861 to 1951, but the first extensive household statistics were compiled in 1920. For comparative purposes, data from the first population census held after World War II in 1951 are included (Table GR.6B). Data on the regional population distribution are available for the period 1870 to 1940, data on the regional population density for the period 1870 to 1928. Here again, the census year 1951 is included in order to allow comparisons with the last pre-World War II census of 1928. General Appendix 11 For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. Hungary The Hungarian data series include information on two different territorial states: The Hungarian Empire from 1865 to 1918 The Hungarian Kingdom from 1920 to 1945 In addition, annual time series on the population movement are included for the territory of the Hungarian Republic for the years 1869 to 1919. These annual vital statistics data were calculated retrospectively by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Information on the population structure from 1870 and on the household structure from 1880 until 1910 refers to the Hungarian Empire. The same data for the period 1920 to 1941 refer to the Hungarian Republic. Data on the regional population distribution and regional population density are included for the years 1870 to 1949. Due to a change in the administrative division of the country, one table refers to the years 1870 to 1930, while the second one includes the years 1930, 1941 and 1949. The census of 1949 was included to allow comparisons with the earlier censuses. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. Iceland The Icelandic data series include information on the population movement from 1850 to 1945. Information on the population structure by sex, age and civil status is included for the years 1840 to 1940. Data on households mainly refer to the years 1910 to 1940, but the number of households has been available since 1860. Available information on the number of households from 1703 to 1850 was included to allow historical comparisons. Data on the regional population distribution and density refer to the censuses from 1901 to 1940. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. General Appendix 12 Ireland The Irish data series refer to the whole Irish island until 1921, and to the Irish Republic from 1922 to 1945. The Irish data series include information on the population movement from 1850 to 1945. Information on the population structure by age, sex and civil status is included for the population censuses from 1861 to 1936. Data on the regional population distribution and population density are available for the population censuses from 1871 to 1946. Data on household structures mainly start in 1926 (household size) and are presented until 1946, but data on household composition became available for the censuses from 1851 to 1911. Data on the number of households reach back to 1821. The census year of 1946 is included to allow comparisons with the last pre-World War II census of 1936. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. Italy The Italian data series include information on the population movement from 1861 to 1945. Information on the population structure by sex, age and civil status as well as on the regional population distribution and population density is included for the population censuses from 1871 to 1936. The number of households is available for the period 1871 to 1936, the household size for the years 1901 to 1936. As regards the census of 1921, household data are included for the old territory before the territorial acquisitions after World War I and the new territory. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. Luxembourg The Luxembourgian data series include information on the population movement from 1850 to 1945. Information on the population structure by sex, age and civil status is included for the population censuses from 1890 to 1947. The first post-World War II census is General Appendix 13 included to allow comparisons with the last census held before World War II in 1935. Data on the regional population distribution and regional population density are available for the period 1839 to 1935. The data series on households include the number of households from 1864 to 1935, the size of households from 1871 to 1935, and the household composition for 1905 and 1910. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. The Netherlands The Dutch data series include information on the population movement from 1850 to 1945. Information on the population by sex, age and civil status is included for the population censuses from 1849 to 1947. The first population census held after World War II in 1947 was included in order to allow comparisons with the last pre-World War II census held in 1930. Data on the regional population distribution and regional population density are included for the period 1869 to 1930. The data series on households include the number of households from 1829 to 1930, the size of households from 1909 to 1930, and the composition of households from 1879 to 1930. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. Norway The Norwegian data series include information on the population movement from 1850 to 1945. Information on the population structure by sex, age, and civil status is included for the years 1865 to 1946. Data on the regional population distribution and regional population density are included for the years 1876 to 1946. Due to a change in the administrative division of the country, one table refers to the years 1876 to 1910, while the second one includes the years 1920, 1930 and 1946. General Appendix 14 Data on the number of households have been available since 1825, the households by type since 1875, while households by size have only been available since 1946. In 1900, a single analysis of the household composition was made. For all population and household tables, the first post-World War II census held in 1946 was included to allow comparisons with the last census held before World War II in 1930. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. Poland The Polish data series include information on the population movement from 1900 to 1945, but most vital statistics series start in 1919. From the foundation of independent Poland until 1945, only two population censuses were conducted, one in 1921 and the other one in 1931. Data on the population by sex, age and civil status as well as the regional population distribution and regional population density are given for these two census years. Data on the number of households, on household types, households by size, and, finally, household composition are available for 1921 and 1931. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. Portugal The Portuguese data series include information on the population movement from 1850 to 1945, but most vital statistics series start as late as 1886. Information on the population structure by sex, age and civil status is included for the years 1864 to 1940. Data on the regional population distribution and regional population density were available for the census years from 1878 to 1940. Data on the number of households by type and the size of households became available as late as 1890, while the number of households had already been collected since 1835. The data series on households reach up to the census of 1940. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. General Appendix 15 Spain The Spanish data series include information on the population movement from 1858 to 1945. Due to the non-registration of vital events the data for several time periods are missing. Information on the population by sex, age and civil status are presented for the period 1857 to 1940. Data on the regional population distribution and regional population structure are available for the years 1877 to 1940. Information on households is completely missing for Spain, therefore only an approximate estimate of the number of households could be made. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. Sweden The Swedish data series include information on the population movement from 1850 to 1945. Information on the population structure by sex, age and civil status is available for the years 1860 to 1945. Data on the regional population distribution and regional population density are included for the censuses held from 1870 until 1940. The number of households by type and of households by size is available for the period 1860 to 1945. Information on the household composition is included for the year 1930 and, more detailed, for 1935. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. Switzerland The Swiss data series include information on the population movement from 1852 to 1945. Information on the population structure by sex, age and civil status is available for the years 1860 to 1941. Data on the regional population distribution and regional population density are included for the period 1870 to 1941. Data on households by type were published for the censuses of 1920 and 1930, while the number of households had already been published since 1850. Households by size are included for the years 1900 to 1930, data on the household composition for the censuses of 1920 and 1930. General Appendix 16 For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The British data series include information on seven different territorial states: The United Kingdom Great Britain England and Wales England Wales Scotland Northern Ireland The data series included here differ for the individual territorial states due to data availability. For the United Kingdom, data are included on the population movement from 1864 to 1945. Furthermore, data on the regional population distribution and regional population density are presented for the period 1871 to 1931. The population structure by sex, age and marital status could not be calculated for the United Kingdom, only for Great Britain, because the dates of the Northern Irish censuses differ from the British ones. The population structure is included for the period 1851 to 1931. For England and Wales, vital statistics data are presented for the years 1850 to 1945, and data on the population by sex, age and civil status are included for the period 1851 to 1931. Households by number are available for the years 1801 to 1931, while households by type and households by size are only available for the period 1911 to 1931. The regional population distribution and regional population density are not presented on the level of England and Wales; instead, they are given separately for England, and for Wales for the period 1871 to 1931. For Scotland, vital statistics are included for the years 1855 to 1945. The population structure by sex, age and civil status is presented from 1851 to 1931. Data on the regional population distribution and regional population density are given for the years 1871 to 1931. The number of households is included for the years 1801 to 1931, and data on household types since 1861. In Scotland, households by size were already published in the census of 1861; they are included until 1931. General Appendix 17 In Northern Ireland, vital statistics time series cover the period 1922 to 1945. Two censuses were conducted, the first one in 1926, and the second one in 1937. The population structure by sex, age and civil status as well as the regional population distribution and regional population density are included for these two census years. Data on households by type and size are also available for both censuses. For more information please consult the Country Chapter in the handbook and the documentation. General Appendix 18 Documentation Provides additional information on The national system of demographic statistics PDF Available data on population structure, households/families, and vital statistics (Handbook Table 7) PDF Bibliography (including statistical sources and references) PDF Additional Tables B.I Annual basic data on population movement B.II Age, sex, and civil status at census dates PDF PDF EXCEL EXCEL