Biomes and Biodiversity
Chapter 5
Biome
1.
Life zones, environments with similar climatic, topographic,
and soil conditions, roughly comparable biological communities
Biomes and Climate conditions
Temperature vs. Precipitation
Latitude and Altitude on Climate/Biomes
Deserts
Grasslands
1.
Tropical grasslands
2. Savanna
3.
Grazing
4.
Browsing
5.
Temperate grasslands
6.
Prairies
7. Tall-grass
8. Short-grass
9. Pampas
10.Veldt
11.Steppes
12. Polar Grasslands
13.Arctic tundra
14.
Permafrost
Climate and Plants
15.
16.
17.
18.
Deserts – succulent plants
Rain Forest – Broadleaf Evergreen plants
Areas with winter – Broadleaf Deciduous plants
Areas with short summer – Coniferous or Evergreen plants
Forests
1.
2.
Tropical Rain Forest
Tropical Deciduous Forest
3. Tropical monsoon forest
4. Tropical seasonal forest
5.
Tropical Scrub forests
1.
2.
Temperate Deciduous forests
Evergreen Coniferous Forests
1.
Boreal Forests
2. Taigas
3.
4.
5.
Evergreen Scrub – Mediterranean
Chaparral – thicket, California
Thorn scrub - Africa
Ocean life zones
Coastal Wetlands
Salt Marsh
Beaches
Sandy Beach – Barrier Island
Reef
Freshwater Lakes
Freshwater Streams
Wetlands
1.
Ecosystem in which the land surface is saturated or covered with
standing water at least part of the year.
2.
Swamps
3.
Marshes
Biodiversity
Genetic diversity – measure of the variety of genes in a
species
5.
Species diversity – number of different kinds of organisms
6.
Ecological diversity – richness and complexity of community
4.
How many species are there?
Biodiversity Hot Spots
How do we benefit from biodiversity?
7.
8.
9.
Food
Drugs and Medicines
Ecological Benefits
10. Aesthetic and Cultural Benefits
Threat to Biodiversity
11.
Extinction
1. Causes of:
2. Continental drift
3. Climate change
4. Catastrophes
5. Background extinction
6. Mass extinction
7. Adaptive radiation
Human-caused reduction in Biodiversity
8.
Habitat Destruction
9.
Fragmentation
10. Island Biogeography
1. R.H. MacArthur
2. E.O. Wilson
3.
Hunting and Fishing
4. Passenger Pigeons
5.
Commercial Products and Live Specimens
6. Economic value
7.
8.
Predator and Pest Control
Introduction of Exotic Species
9. Kudzu
10.Zebra mussels
11. Diseases
12.Fungal blight – American chestnut
13. Pollution
14. Genetic Assimilation
15.Crossbreeding
Protecting Biodiversity
16. Hunting and Fishing laws
17. Endangered Species Act
18.World Conservation Union
19.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
20.Endangered species
21.Threatened species
22.Vulnerable species
Threatened Species of the world
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
34% of world’s fish
25% of amphibians
25% of mammals
20% of reptiles
13% of plants
11% of birds
Protecting Biodiversity
29. Recovery plans
30.Reintroductions
31.Minimum Viable population
32.
33.
34.
35.
Founder effect – genetic diversity may not be viable
Demographic bottleneck – genetic problems
Genetic drift
Inbreeding – genetic diseases
36. Private land and Critical Habitat