The Digestive System 4 steps of food processing: 1. Ingestion: ___________________________________________________. 2. Digestion: ___________________________________________________. 3. Absorption: ____________________________________________________________. 4. Egestion: _____________________________________________. Digestive System = ___________________ In humans: The digestive system is just one long tube; meaning it is ________________________. Known as the ________________________________. 1. Ingestion A. Starts with the _______________ Teeth __________________________________. Structure of teeth determine function. i. Incisors: ___________________________________. ii. Canine: ___________________________________. iii. Molars: ___________________________________. B. Chewing stimulates ________________________. Saliva: ______________________________________. Muscular _________________ moves the food between the teeth for crushing until it forms a ________________________________________. C. Pharynx ______________ moves to pharynx by the __________________________________. Pharynx is a ___________________________________________________________. D. Esophagus The bolus ___________________________________________________________. These _____________________________________. 2. Digestion E. Stomach Sphincters: ____________________________________. ____________ are similar to drawstrings on a bag. When the muscle ____________, _________________________. The _____________________ connects the ___________________________. The ____________________ connects the ____________________________. Cells in the stomach release ______________________________________________. o Acid destroys _________________. o Mucus protects ____________________________. If the mucus barrier is damaged, an ____________ results: _________________ can digest the __________________________. _____________ breakdown food into ______________________________________. _____________ continues so food moves down digestive tract. Food which leaves the stomach is called ____________. HomeFun: Complete diagram below. Read and make additional notes on: p. 324-327, #1-7. 2. Digestion (Continued) F: Small Intestine The first portion of the small intestine is the _____________. Secretions from the ________________________________________________. The pancreas releases _____________________________________________________. ______________ goes into the small intestine from ________________. Partly digested food still contains stomach acids. __________________________________________. The 2nd and 3rd parts of the small intestine are the _________________________. __________________ breakdown of food occurs in the ___________________________. G. Liver The liver is an ____________________________________________________________ __________________________. ________________________________________________. The ___________________ stores the bile until it is needed. A _________________ connects the ____________________________________. Liver stores ______________________________________________________. H. Pancreas The pancreas produces _________________________________________ so that the small intestine is protected from stomach acid. The ___________________ releases base into small intestine. Chyme ____________________________ 3. Absorption I. Small intestine ______________________ occurs ONLY in the _______________________________. Usable products of digestion: such as ___________________________________. o Removed from the digestive tube and _____________________________. _____________________ of the small intestine is made up of ___________ o ___________________________ for absorption. 4. Egestion G. Large intestine _______________________ in the large intestine. _____________________ sends a signal to the brain to __________________________ _________________________________. Peristalsis continues through _________________________ o _________________________ compact the _____________________ o _____________________ usually occur about 1hr after a meal, ____________ ________________, making room for the next meal o Normally takes ____________________________ HomeFun: Read and make additional notes on: p. 328-330, #8-12. Summarize the 4 conditions of the digestive system that disturb homeostasis on p. 332-333. Complete p. 333, #13-16. The Circulatory System Red blood cells carry ______________________________________________________. _______________ are vessels that ________________________________ ___________ are vessels that ________________________________ Blood ___________________ all around your body in ___________________________ Inside the heart are _____________________. Each chamber is a _________________. The pumping pushes _______________________________. The Mammalian Heart – Use p. 273/4 to label the diagram below. Self-Study Section Read and make notes on: o p. 269-275. Pulmonary vs. Systemic Circuit Blood Vessels in the Human Body 3 Main Functions of the Heart o p. 269, #5-7. o p. 271, #8-10. o p. 272, #11-13. o p. 275, #14-16. The Respiratory System Read and make notes on p. 300-309. p. 300, #1, 2. p. 302, #3-7. p. 305, #8-10. p. 306, #11-13. p. 308-309: Summarize the 4 conditions of the respiratory system that disturb homeostasis. #14-16. Structure of the Alveoli