Matakuliah : A0092 - Kepemimpinan
Tahun
: 2008 / 2009
Chapter 12
Strategic Leadership by Top
Executives
Learning Objectives
• Understand opposing views about the importance of
chief executives in organizations.
• Understand empirical research findings on strategic
leadership importance.
• Understand how impression management and
attributions influence judgment about leader competence
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Learning Objective
• Understand the conditions that determine how difficult it
is for a chief executive to make changes in an
organization
• Understand how tenure in office is related to a chief
executive’s leadership behavior.
• Understand the potential advantage of executive teams
and the conditions that increase their effectiveness.
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Learning Objective
• Understand the difficult faced by executives in
reconciling competing values.
• Understand some procedures commonly used to monitor
the environment and formulate a good competitive
strategy.
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Constrains on Executive Discretion
• Internal Constraints
• External constraints
• Constraints and executive attributes
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Attributions about Chief Executives
Determinants of Attributions
Attributions and Executive Discretion
Impression Management by Executive
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Research on Effects of Leadership
Succession
If leadership is important, and The external factors
remain relatively constant, then New leadership should
be associated with large changes in the performance of
the organization.
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Evolutionary Change and Strategic
Leadership
Reorientation
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Convergence
Political Power and Strategic Leadership
Through institutionalization, a coalition of top executive
can use political processes to maintain power even after
their expertise is no longer critical to the organization.
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Executive Tenure and Strategic Leadership
• Strategic leadership by
the CEO is also affected
by time in the office.
• The longer time CEO has
the more time it has to
organize its power.
• If the CEO time of service
is long, it may cause the
dysfunction of the
organization.
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Executive Teams
• Executives in the team collectively assume
responsibilities of CEO
• Advantages of Executive Teams
• Executive Teams and Organizational Effectiveness
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Competing Values in Strategic Leadership
• Concern for task vs concern for people
• Stability and efficiency vs Flexibility and adaptation
• Internal vs External focus
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Monitoring the Environment
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Identify relevant information to gather.
Use multiple source of information.
Learn what client and customers want and need.
Learn about competitor products and activities.
Relate information to strategic plans.
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Formulating Strategy
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Determine long-term objectives / priorities.
Asses current strengths and weaknesses.
Identify core competencies.
Evaluate need for a major strategy change.
Identify promising strategies.
Evaluate likely outcomes of a strategy.
Involve other executives in selecting a strategy.
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Summary
• Controversy exists over the importance of a CEO’s
impact on organizational effectiveness.
• A CEO has the most potential impact in times of crisis or
environmental instability.
• Time in office, executive teams, and competing values
also determine the effectiveness of CEOs.
• External monitoring provides information for strategic
planning and crisis management.
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