Matakuliah : A0092 - Kepemimpinan
Tahun
: 2008 / 2009
Chapter 11
Leadership in Teams and Decision
Groups
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Learning Objectives
• Understand the processes that determine how well a
group performs an operational task.
• Understand the different types of teams commonly used
in organizations and implications for leadership.
• Understand how leadership is shared in self-managed
teams and the conditions that make these teams more
effective.
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Learning Objectives
• Understand the advantages of cross-functional teams
and the difficulties confronting leaders of these teams.
• Understand procedures to facilitate team learning and to
build trust and cooperation among team members.
• Understand why some groups make better decisions
than others.
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Learning Objectives
• Understand the primary leadership functions in decision
groups.
• Understand procedures for leading successful meetings.
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Types of Team
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Functional team
Cross functional team
Self manager work team
Self defining team
Top executive team
Virtual team
Functional Teams
Objective autonomy
Work autonomy
Internal leader authority
Existence duration
Membership stability
Member functional diversity
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Low
Low to Moderate
High
High
High
Low
Cross-Functional Teams
Objective autonomy
Work autonomy
Internal leader authority
Existence duration
Membership stability
Member functional diversity
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Low to Moderate
High
High
Low to Moderate
Low to Moderate
High
Self-Managed Work Teams
Objective autonomy
Work autonomy
Internal leader authority
Existence duration
Membership stability
Member functional diversity
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Low
High
Low
High
High
Low
Self-Defining Teams
Objective Autonomy
Work autonomy
Internal leader authority
Existence duration
Membership stability
Member functional diversity
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High
High
Low
Variable
Variable
Variable
Top Executive Team
Objective autonomy
Work autonomy
Internal leader authority
Existence duration
Membership stability
Member functional diversity
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High
High
High
High
High
High
Virtual Teams
In virtual teams, members are geographically
separate and most communication is
through computers and
telecommunications technology.
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Procedures for Facilitating Team Learning
After-Activity Reviews
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Dialogue Sessions
Guidelines for Team Building
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Emphasize common interests and values.
Use ceremonies and rituals.
Use symbols to develop identification with the group.
Encourage and facilitate social interaction.
Tell people about group activities and achievements.
Conduct process analysis sessions.
Conduct alignment sessions.
Increase incentives for mutual cooperation.
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Decision Making in Groups
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Group Size
Status Differentials
Cohesiveness
Membership Diversity
Emotional Maturity
Physical Environment
Communication Technology
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Leadership Functions in Meetings
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TASK-ORIENTED
Process structuring
Stimulating
communication
Clarifying communication
Summarizing
Consensus testing
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GROUP-MAINTENANCE
Gatekeeping
Harmonizing
Supporting
Standard setting
Process analyzing
Guidelines for Leading Meetings
• Inform people about necessary meeting preparations.
• Share essential information with group. Describe the
problem without implying cause or solution.
• Allow ample time for idea generation and evaluation.
• Separate idea generation from idea evaluation.
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Guidelines for Leading Meetings
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Encourage and facilitate participation.
Encourage positive restatement and idea building.
Use systematic procedures for solution evaluation.
Look for an integrative solution.
Encourage consensus but don’t insist on it.
Clarify responsibilities for implementation.
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Summary
• Teams are increasingly being used to improve quality,
efficiency, and adaptive change.
• The benefits of teams depend on the quality of
leadership.
• The success of a team also depends on after-activity
reviews and dialogue sessions.
• Leadership functions can be task-oriented or groupmaintenance.
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