INTRODUCTION
TO CANADA
1867 – 1900
CANADIAN TERRITORIAL
EXPANSION
1867 – Confederation: Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova
Scotia
1870 – Canada purchases Rupert’s Land (NWT)
Manitoba enters Confederation
1871 – British Columbia enters Confederation
1873 – Prince Edward Island enters Confederation
1905 – Alberta &Saskatchewan join Confederation
BUILDING A RAILWAY ACROSS
CANADA
In order to help convince
British Columbia to join
Ottawa promised to build
a transcontinental
highway. The project
began in 1872. The
railway was a cornerstone
of John A. McDonald’s
desire to create a
Canadian Nation.
Chinese immigrants were
brought in to help
complete the job. The last
spike was entered on
November 7, 1885.
CANADA’S POPULATION
1867 – 3.3 million
1911 – 7.2 million
In order to populate Western Canada, the
government made it attractive to
immigrants by offering cheap land.
In 1896, PM Wilfred Laurier created an
“Open Door” policy for immigrants from
certain countries and offered them land.
GOLDEN AGE OF PROSPERITY
MARITIMES
coal and steel industry
ONTARIO/QUEBEC
factories boom, jobs are plentiful,
cities explode, Toronto, Montreal population doubles
WESTERN CANADA
wheat exports quadruple, farms modernize and settlement increases
NORTHERN CANADA
Klondike Gold Rush (40 000 move to the Yukon)
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
Women begin to take jobs outside the
home and take a greater role in
society. However they are paid poorly
and are not treated equally to men.
Women start to organize in order to
gain the right to vote and equality.
Migration to the cities led to poverty, disease and
harsh working conditions. The government refused
to help so private charity groups (usually run by
women) were created to help the less fortunate.
They pushed for better wages, better education and
health care.
FRENCH – ENGLISH RELATIONS
Confederation allowed Quebec to be the homeland of French Culture and
the Catholic Church. It was assumed that Quebec would cease to be
French due to the English that surrounded them and who dominated North
America. Immigrants to the West were Protestant and English or from
Eastern Europe.
French people outside of Quebec
were not protected and lost their
right to have Catholic schools or do
their daily business in French.
(Manitoba Schools Question)
Louis Riel (Leader of the Metis) led
a rebellion to regain the rights of
French speakers in Manitoba. He
lost and was hanged. Quebec
sees Riel as a hero while the rest
of Canada sees him as a traitor.