The maintenance of national road
p
network in Japan
Today’s Presentation: Contents
１． Japan’s road stock
２ Financial situation
２．
３．Issues in the maintenance and
management of road stock
1
１． Japa
Japan’s
s road
oad stoc
stock
2
Classification of roads and total length of the road network
Share of traffic volume
(Vehicle kilometers
travelled)
Expressways
p
y
State-managed national
highways
Regionally-managed
national highways
7,600km
,
（Approx.0.6%）
（
pp
%）
22,900km （Approx. 1.9%） 5.2%
31,900km （Approx. 2.7%）
9%
24%
28%
19%
Approx.40%
13%
Prefectural roads
Large goods vehicles
Share of traffic volume
(Vehicle kilometers
travelled)
29%
29%
Approx.70%
129,400km
129
400km
（ Approx. 10.8%）
14%
Municipal roads
1,016,100km
（ Approx. 84.1%）
59%
33%
Total 約 1,207,900km
Approx. 1,201,000km
As of April 1, 2009
3
Breakdown of road structure stock
St
Structure
t
Length
[km]
Bridge
No. of locations
Expressway
State-managed
hi h
highway
Regionallymanaged highway
7 642
7,642
(1%)
22,874
(2%)
31,916
(3%)
129,377
6 813
6,813
(4%)
11,902
(8%)
13,227
(9%)
33,730
Paving
Tunnel
Length[km]
1 175
1,175
(12%)
1,414
(15%)
939
(10%)
2,566
No. of locations
801
(9%)
1,257
(13%)
2,325
(25%)
2,494
Length[km]
780
(21%)
[k㎡]
103
(2%)
701
(19%)
218
(4%)
1,011
(27%)
219
(4%)
789
788
Prefectural road
(11%)
Municipal road
1,016,058
(84%)
National total
,
,
1,207,867
(100%)
(22%)
89,487
(58%)
155,159
,
(100%)
(27%)
3,504
(37%)
9,598
,
(100%)
(27%)
2,497
(27%)
9,374
,
(100%)
(21%)
(15%)
412
(11%)
(74%)
3,693
,
(100%)
3,850
5,179
,
(100%)
As of April 1, 2009
4
Road bridge stock
【 Number of bridges constructed yearly 】
6,000
（No. of brid
dges）
Expressway
5,000
Period of high
g economic g
growth
35%
State-managed highway
Regionally-managed highway
4,000
Prefectural road
Tokyo Olympics
(1964)
Municipal road
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1920 1925
1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
（ Year of construction ）
Now (2010)
10 years from now (2020) 20 years from now (2030)
Bridges over 50 years old
8%
26%
50年経過橋梁
（約40,000橋）
53%
50年経過橋梁
（約80,000橋）
Total 155,000 bridges
(15 m or more in length)
No of bridges over
50 years old
13,000
40,000
80,000
As of April 1, 2009
5
Tunnel stock
【 Number of tunnels constructed yearly 】
300
Expressway
State-managed highway
(No. of tunnels: locatio
ons)
250
Regionally-managed highway
Prefectural road
200
Municipal road
150
100
50
Now
現在
(2010)
（2010） Tunnels over
50 years old
18%
31%
46%
2,900
2010
2005
2000
1995
1990
1985
20 years
20年後
from
now
（2030）
(2030)
Total 9,400 locations
1,700
1980
10 years
10年後
from
now
（2020）
(2020)
50年経過ＴＮ
（約2,900箇所）
No. of tunnels over
50 years old：
1975
1970
1965
1960
1955
1950
1945
1940
1935
1930
1925
1920
0
(Year of construction)
50年経過ＴＮ
（約4,400箇所）
4,400
As of April 1, 2009
２． Financial
a c a ssituation
tuat o
7
General account budget expenditures and revenues
（ ¥ trillion ）
120
101
Expenditures
100
84.4
80
65.9
69.3
70.5
84.8
73.6
54.1
54.9
54.4
53.9
53
9
51 9
51.9
49.4
52.1
51
40
34
21.2 21.7
16.2 16.5
20
6.6 7.3 6.7
84.7
82 4
82.4
81 4 81.8
81.4
81 8
Tax revenues
60.1 59.8
60
95.3
84.9 85.5
83.7
75.9 78.8
78.5
75 1
75.1
70.5
94.7
89.3
89
47.2
50 7
50.7
47.9
37.5
33
45.6
43.8 43.3
35 35.3 35.5
30
52
49.1 49.1 51
42.3 44.3
44.3
31.3
33.2
27 5 25.4
27.5
38.7
41.5 40.9
18.5
Issue of government bonds
9.5
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
0
（ fiscal year ）
8
Major expenses making up general account expenditures
100%
1.5
3.5
12.7
18.8
20.7
21 6
21.6
80%
24
22.8
National debt
service
18.4
Local
allocation tax,
etc
etc.
16
11.1
14.1
23
17.7
16.6
19.7
29.7
25 2
25.2
18.8
60%
Social security
40%
51.2
27 9
27.9
43.2
36.6
20%
Other
24.4
17.4
17.6
15.9
10
13 3
13.3
1990
2000
0%
1960
1970
1980
6.5
・Education, promotion
of science
・Defence costs etc.
Public works
2011
(Fi
(Fiscal
l year))
9
Road project costs
Shift from
dedicated revenue sources
to general revenue
(¥ trillion)
5
4
3
2.9
3.0
32
3.2
3.3 3.3
3.5 3.5
3.6 3.7
3.4 3.4
3.4
3.3
3.2 3.1
31
3.0
2.9
2.7 2.7
2.8
2
1.7
1.3 1.3
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
0
1989
1
10
Road project costs and public work costs
(¥ trillion)
10
Public works
9．4 trillion in total
8
Public
P
bli works
k
5.0 trillion in total
6
4
3.6 trillion
2
Road project costs
Approx. 38%
1.3trillion
Road project costs
Approx. 26%
0
2000
2011
11
３ Issues in the maintenance and
３．Issues
management of road stock
12
Calculation of estimated future maintenance and repair costs
◆Estimate of future maintenance and repair costs (impression)
兆円
一般道路
般道路
Mainten
nance and
d repair c
costs
3
2
Replacement
約1.8兆円
Repair
約1.2兆円
1
0
H19
H28
Passage
of time →
H38
H45
13
The cycle of inspection-diagnosis-repair for bridges
＜Life-extending repair plan(impression)＞
Bridge
name
Inspection to determine soundness
Diagnosis of need for action
Bridge
Year of
In-service
length(m) construction
period
Road Name
Inspected
year
○○ Bridge National highway No. ◆◆
80
1998
13
2006
△△ Bridge National highway No. ▲▲
50
1970
41
2004
◇◇ Bridge Prefectural raod No. ■■
40
1983
28
2005
□□ Bridge National highway No. ●●
80
1940
71
2007
Estimated necessary budget
Contents and time of measures
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
◆Inspection
Cross‐sectionalrepairs
◆Inspection
◆Inspection(TBD)
Repair of deck slab
◆Inspection
◆Inspection
Replacement
\ ●●
\ ●●
\ ●●
\ ●●
\ ●●
\ ●●
Preparation of life-extending repair plan
＜Example of measures taken on directly-managed national highways
(2m or higher, approx. 27,000 bridges＞
【2010】
Bridges
g with
pronounced
damage
or deterioration
・Bridges needing attention:
(a)
7,000
(Initial figure, as of 2010 )
Other
bridges
・Bridges attended to: 2,000 (b)
・Bridges inspected: 5,000
・Result of inspection: 1,500 (c)
(Additional bridges found to
need attention)
Systematic
replacement
Preventative
repair
・Bridges needing attention in
following or subsequent
years: 6,500
【(ａ)-(ｂ)+(ｃ)】=(ｄ)
【(
) ( ) ( )】 ( )
Review of life-extending repair plan
Securing of budgett needed for ffollowing yearr
Securing of budget
【2011】
・Bridges needing attention:
(d)
6,500
(Initial figure, as of 2010 )
・Bridges attended to: 2,000 (e)
・Bridges inspected: 5,000
・Result of inspection: 2,000 (f)
(Additional bridges found to
need attention)
・Bridges needing attention in
following or subsequent
years: 6,500
【(d)-(e)+(f)】=(g)
【(
) ( ) ( )】 (g)
Review of life-extending repair plan
Preventative maintenance of bridges
The switchover to preventative
maintenance
C
Corrective
ti maintenance
i t
Reduction of life cycle costs
Large-scale repairs
Total cost
(
(¥100
millions)
)
累計
累計工事費（億円）
事費（億円）
Extending
the life of the
これ以上の延命
bridge
further is difficult:
化は困難なため
The
bridge is replaced
架替え
12
Actual
10
R l
Replacement
off main
i b
beam
耐荷力確保のため
to ensure
load-bearing
に主桁を補強
capacity
8
Switchover
6
Corrosion progresses
断面修復後も
even
after cross腐食が進行
sectional
repairs
Severe cracking
g requires
q
replacement
p
of the deck slab
4
Preventative maintenance
Inspection reveals minor cracks in concrete
Minor repairs
Reduction of
life cycle costs
Appropriate
management
(E ti t d figures)
(Estimated
fi
)
The life of the
bridge is
extended
2
0
0
10
Cross-sectional
repairs,
断面修復・被覆
cladding
20
30
Repair of cracking
ひび割れ補修
40
Electrolytic
電気防食
50
protection
Applying carbon fiber to the underside of the
bridge prevents the cracks becoming worse
15
The cycle of inspection-diagnosis-repair for tunnels
【 Inspection flow-chart】
１． Inspection work plan
２． On-site
２
O it work
k
Close-range visual inspection, hammering test,
emergency measures (dislodging with a hammer, etc.)
３． Evaluation of inspection results
Tunnel with marked damage/deformation
Recording
g of inspection
results
Emergency measures
Standard survey as necessary
Standard survey
Close-range visual search for cracking
Emergency measures
Nextt
N
inspection
(5 years
later)
Nextt
N
inspection
(2 years
later))
An inspection vehicle carries out
non-destructive
non
destructive testing
16
Calculation of estimated future maintenance and repair costs
◆Estimate of future maintenance and repair costs (impression)
兆円
Mainte
enance an
nd repair costs
3
2
Replacement
Repair
Reduction of total cost
Evening-out of yearly cost
約1.0兆円
約1.1兆円
1
0
H19
H28
Passage
of time →
H38
H45
17
Thank you very much for your kind attention