Matakuliah
Tahun
: O0414 - Computer / Multimedia
: Feb - 2010
Text dan Hypertext
Pertemuan 05 & 06
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan
mampu :
• Menerapkan penggunaan berbagai jenis teks pada
aplikasi multimedia
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Outline Materi
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Text Definition
Text Technology
Fonts & Faces
Text Data File
Working with Text
Hypertext and Hypermedia
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What is Text
• Basic media for many multimedia systems
Text
Words
Sentences
Paragraphs
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is used to communicate
thoughts, ideas and facts
in nearly every aspect of our
lives
What is Text
• Multimedia products depends
on text for many things:
– to explain how the application
work
– to guide the user in navigating
through the application
– deliver the information for which
the application was designed
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Text Technology
• Based on creating letters, numbers and special
characters.
• Text elements can be categories into:
– Alphabet characters : A - Z
– Numbers : 0 - 9
– Special characters : Punctuation [. , ; ‘ …] , Sign or
Symbols [* & ^ % $ £ ! /\ ~ # @ .…]
– Also known Character Sets
• May also include special icon or drawing symbols,
mathematical symbols, Greek Letter etc.
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Typefaces, Fonts and Points
• Typefaces
– The graphic representations of the alphabet, numbers
and special character.
– Usually includes many type sizes and styles.
• Fonts
– A collection of characters of a single size and style
belonging to a particular typeface family
– The sizes are measured in points
• 1 point = 1/72 or 0.0138 inch
– Measuring distance from the top of a capital letters
(e.g. ‘A or P’) to the bottom of a descenders (e.g. ‘y , ‘p’
, ‘q’).
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Typefaces
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Arial
Calibri
Courier
Tahoma
Times New Roman
Verdana
Fonts
• Arial 12 point italic
• Arial 8 point bold
• Verdana 10 point
underline
Fonts Effects
• A numbers of effects that are useful for bringing
viewer’s attention to content:
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Case: UPPER and lower letter
Bold, Italic, Underline, superscript or subscript
Embossed or Shadow
Colours
Font Anatomy
Serif
Mean line
I D xhp
Ascender
Point
size
Cap
height
X-height
Baseline
Shoulder
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Counter
Set
width
Descender
Tracking, Kerning and Leading
Av
Unkerned
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Av
Kerned
Tracking, Kerning and Leading
Leading
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
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
Ascender
Descender
Leading
Tracking
Kerning
Reading Line One
Reading Line One
: an upstroke on a character
: the down stroke below the baseline of a character
: spacing above and below a font or Line spacing
: spacing between characters
: space between pairs of characters, usually as an overlap
for improvement appearance
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Jaggies and Antialiasing
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Types of Fonts
• Two classes of fonts: Serif or Sans Serif
A
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A
Serif
Sans Serif
use decorative tips or flags
at the ends of a letter
strokes
don’t have these features
are usually used for
documents or screens that
have large quantities of text
is considered better for
computer displays because
of the sharper contrast
(This is because the serif
helps guide the reader’s eye
along the text)
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Font Editing and Design Tools
• Fontographer
• Font Creator
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Text Data Files
• The common data encoding schemes for text are:
• Plain text (ASCII) is text in an electronic format that can
be read and interpreted by humans
• Rich text is similar but it also embeds special control
characters into the text to provide additional features
• Hypertext is an advance on rich text which allows the
reader to jump to different sections within the document
or even jump to a new document
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Text Data Files
Plain text
This is plain text. It is readable by humans. It can contains numbers
(01234) and punctuation (.,#@*&) since it uses the ASCII character set.
Rich text
This is <bold>rich text</bold>.<br><center>It is also readable by
humans but contains additional tags which control the presentation of
the text.</center>
Hypertext
This is <a href=“http://www.w3c.org/”>hypertext</a>. It uses the rich
text format shown above but adds the ability to hyperlink to other
documents.<hr><img src=“logo.gif”>
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Using Text in
Multimedia
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For Titles and Headlines
For Menus
For Navigation
For Content
Working With Text
• Considerations and guidelines when we
are working with text:
– Be Concise
– Use the appropriate typefaces and fonts
– Make it readable
– Consider type styles and colors
– Use restraint and be consistent
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Make It Readable
Can you read me?
Can you read me?
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Make It Readable
• The buzzword being splashed around is
Convergence and by it we mean the
convergence of multimedia technology
with the telecommunications industry.
• The buzzword being splashed around is
Convergence and by it we mean the
convergence of multimedia technology
with the telecommunications industry.
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Working With Text
• Large amounts of text
– Alternatives? - animation, video, narration.
– Show a preview and allow user to request
more
• Hyper linking
• Pop-up messages, scroll bars, drop-down menus
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How text can be used effectively
• Communicating Data
– Customer names and address
– Pricing information of products
• Explaining concepts and ideas
– A company mission statement
– A comparison of medical procedures
• Clarifying other media
– Labels on button, icons and screens
– Captions and callouts for graphics
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Advantages and Disadvantages of using texts
• Advantages
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Is relatively inexpensive to produce
Present abstract ideas effectively
Clarifies other media
Provides confidentiality
Is easily changed or updated
• Disadvantages
– Is less memorable than other visual media
– Requires more attention from the user than other
media
– Can be cumbersome
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Hypertext and Hypermedia
• Hypertext
– Text based documents with the addition of static data
such as images and tables.
– Cross referencing between sections via a keyword
acting as an anchor, linked to another section.
– Consists of a network of nodes, connected via links
that can be visited by the user.
• Hypermedia
– Multimedia data types stored in a hypertext
networked structure.
– Each node is a presentation. Users can jump from
presentation to presentation.
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A Small Hypertext Structure
(having six nodes and nine links)
A
B
C
D
E
F
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Exercises
• Explore the Insert tab on Microsoft PowerPoint 2007,
especially the Table and Chart functions
• Use Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 to make a list of your
five favorite books. Each name is linked to another slide
in PowerPoint which shows the book’s summary, author,
and other information related to the book.
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