Matakuliah
Tahun
: O0414 - Computer / Multimedia
: Feb - 2010
Video
Pertemuan 7
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan
mampu :
• Menerapkan Penggunaan Video pada Aplikasi
Multimedia
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Outline Materi
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Different Kind of Movies
Analogue Video
Digital Video
Compression Technique
Broadcast Video Standards
Digital Video Format
Using Digital Video
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Different Kind of Movies
Movies from Film
Analog Video
Digital Video
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Movie From Film
• Sequential image frames are
recorded on film using a light
sensitive technology similar to
still photography.
• Film must be chemically
developed
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Movie From Film
• Editing requires physically cutting and splicing the film
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Analogue video
• Video information that is stored using television video signals, film,
videotape or other non-computer media
• Each frame is represented by a fluctuating voltage signal known as
an analogue wave form or composite video.
• Composite analogue video has all the video components:
brightness, colour and synchronization
• Then, combined into one signal for delivery
• Usage : television
• Problems: colour blending, low clarity, high generation lost, difficult
to edit
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Digital Video
• Digital video is the digitisation of analogue video signals
into numerical format
• It creates the illusion of full motion by displaying a rapid
sequence of changing images on a display device.
• Conversion from analogue to digital format requires the
use on an ADC (Analogue to Digital Converter)
• A Digital to Analogue Converter (DAC) can be used to
output digital video on analogue equipment
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File Size Considerations
• Frame rate
– Number of images displayed within a specified amount of time
to convey a sense of motion
– Usually measured in frames per second
– Standard video movie  30 fps
– Movie film  24 fps
– Video digital  at least 15 fps
– Computer?
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File Size Considerations
• Frame or Image size
– The width and height of each
individual frame or image
– Determines the quality of the
image displayed and the
processing involved to display
that image
– Standard full screen resolution
is 640x480 pixels
– Video screen display is one
fourth the size of the full
window screen (320x240)
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File Size Considerations
• Color depth/Resolution
– Number of colors displayed on the screen at one time
– Ranging from 1 bit to 8 bit, 16 or 24 bit per pixel
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File Size Considerations
• Quality directly related to frame size and color depth.
• Quality also depends on content. Motion picture needs higher frame
rate
• File size depends on quality and duration
Frame Size
Quality
File Size
Frame Rate
Duration
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Color Depth
Compression techniques
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Since the size of raw digital video is so prohibitively large we need some
means to compress the information
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Video compression and decompression program, known as Codecs
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Lossy compression techniques cause some information to be lost from the
original image
– Redundant information
– Example: Image and video
• JPEG and MPEG
• Intraframe and Interframe
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Lossless compression techniques do not lose information throughout the
compression and decompression process
– Example use in text images
• Exactly same before and after compression
• Technique is identify repeating words and assign them a code.
• Decompression, the code would be changed back to the actual word.
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Analog video editing
• Analogue tape editing is a
linear process
– To find the section you want, you
may have to forward or rewind
the video tape
– To move a section to another
place in the sequence you have
to either re-record the section
onto another tape or physically
cut and splice the video tape
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Digital video editing
• Digital video editing can be non-linear process
– You can move sections around inside the computer and play
those sections back in any order
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Interlaced
video
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Broadcast Video Standards
• NTSC
– North America, South
America, Japan
– 525 interlaced resolution lines
– 30 frames per second (fps)
• SECAM
– France, Russia
– 625 interlaced resolution
lines
– 25 frames per second (fps)
• PAL (Phase Alternate Line) • HDTV
– Australia, South Africa,
Europe
– 625 interlaced resolution lines
– 25 frames per second (fps)
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– Six different formats
– Aspect ratio is 16:9
Overscan
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Digital Video File Formats
• .MOV signifies Quicktime, an Apple standard. It is
playable on Macintosh and Windows machines.
• .AVI is a Microsoft standard that is playable on Windows
and Macintosh machines.
• .MPEG (.MPG) is playable on Unix and Windows
machines. Macintoshes can play MPEG, but may have
trouble with the audio track.
• .RM files are used by RealNetworks streaming. They are
playable on Windows, MacOS, and Unix computers.
• .WMV files are a Microsoft format used in Microsoft
MovieMaker
• .FLV files are popular format used to deliver video on
internet using Adobe Flash Player
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How Video can be used effectively
• Showing physical procedures. Some uses are:
– Installing a board in a PC
– Adjusting engine timing
• Attracting and holding attention. Some uses are:
– Advertising products and services
– Teaching new skills to busy employees
• Presenting scenarios. Some uses are:
– Training technicians to respond to equipment malfunctions
– Demonstrating possible uses for a product
• Analyzing motion . Some uses are:
– Body motion to improve athletic performance
Traffic patterns for transportation planning
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Advantages and Disadvantages of using video
• Carefully planned, well-executed video clips can make a dramatic
difference in a multimedia project
• Use video only when all other methods (text, still images) are not
enough; don’t use it just because it’s possible
• Video adds visual impact to multimedia applications:
– Advantages
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Captures interest
Increase retention
Clarifies complex physical actions and relationships
Can incorporate other media
– Disadvantages
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Is expensive to produce
Requires extensive memory and storage
Requires special equipment
Does not effectively illustrate abstract concepts and static situations