1
,
2
12 Department of Econnomics and Management, Jiangxi science & technology normal university, Nanchang, China
(liliqing_lily@163.com)
Abstract - With the system researching in the concrete hospitals and consulting to relevant experts, the paper took fourteen third-grade-A-class comprehensive hospitals in
Jiangxi province as an example, established comprehensive evaluation index of hospital competitiveness, and spent more than five months to collect and organize the data of evaluation index. Through the statistical software spss16.0, classified the fourteen hospitals into three groups, four groups and five groups based on the hierarchical cluster analysis, and explained the classification results in detail.
From a practical point of view, it proved that the classification results keep consistency with the actual situation of hospital in Jiangxi province.
Keywords - hospital competitiveness; evaluation; cluster analysis
I. INTRODUCTION
The third-grade-A-class comprehensive hospitals as an important part of our public hospital, has played an important role to protect people's health. Objective, accurate and scientific evaluation of the comprehensive hospital competitiveness always not only provides management countermeasures to improve competitive advantage, but also provides a new strategic direction and diversification of new thinking for hospital development.
II.
TO SELECT EVALUATION INDEX OF
HOSPITAL COMPETITIVENESS
Scientific, objective evaluation of competitiveness of hospitals is significant to enhance the management levels of hospitals. It is the key of evaluating competitiveness to build an adaptive index system, which is need to keep the consistent with the actual situation of hospitals and be established accurately, objectively and systematically, and at the same time, the collection and assignment of samples is crucial for data processing and analysis.
The paper collects much useful data through literature review and the investigation to the concrete comprehensive hospitals in Jiangxi province, based on the characteristics of hospital competitiveness and the actual situation of comprehensive hospitals in Jiangxi province, the paper set up an evaluation index system through the quantitative and quantitative research methods and framework of analysis of the competitiveness theory in management, but also with the help of domestic and foreign research results of comprehensive competitive of relevant hospitals. Finally, the evaluation index system is established to be consistent with competitiveness evaluation index system of comprehensive hospitals in
Jiangxi province from three aspects: hospital resource capacity, the hospital clinical and hospital management capacity, as is shown in Table 1
Ⅰ hospital
Table 1
Evaluation Index System of Hospital Competitiveness
Ⅱ Ⅲ resource capacity ration of health technicians to open beds ration of health technicians to hospital staff ration of senior technical staff to health technicians ration of post-graduate number to hospital staff hospital beds competitiveness clinical capacity managerial capacity number of clinic department annual outpatient number(unit: million) annual operations performed number (unit: million) annual hospitalization number
(unit: million) bed utilization; bed turnover average day of hospitalization diagnosis rate of 3 days the identical diagnosis rate of admission to discharge ration of severe or difficult cases to total cases per capita revenue scientific research achievement the number of key disciplines
Data collection is very important to statistical analysis, the paper uses the surveying methods, superior departments consulting method and expert scoring method when collecting the date. After nearly five months of research, data collection and collation, all kinds of index value of 14 third-grade-A-class comprehensive hospitals in Jiangxi province were defined for evaluating competitiveness. As the reason of showing respect to the hospitals and protecting of the data, we didn't publish their names in this article and just used h1 - h14 to stand for them without any order, only arranged randomly.

III.THE INTRODUCTION OF HIERARCHICAL
CLUSTERING ANALYSIS METHODS
Cluster analysis is a multivariate statistical analysis method for establishing classification, it can classify a set of samples or variable data automatically according to their features, the degree of closeness based on the nature without any prior knowledge, bringing out multiple classification results.
Hierarchical clustering, also known as systemic clustering, it includes Q-cluster and R- cluster. Because the data in the paper is fixed pitch variable, for this it commonly uses Euclidean distance method or squared
Euclidean distance method to calculate the distance between individual variable, the mathematical definition are as follows:
D ( x , y )
 k  i

1
( x i
 y i
)
2
，
D ( x , y )
 i k 

1
( x i
 y i
)
2
，
The xi is the value the i-th variable of x, the yi is the value the i-th variable of y.
IV. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
The paper used the shortest distance method and the longest distance method to clustering systematically.
The shortest distance method is defined as the distance between two classes is the distance between the two nearest sample, that is:
D ij
 min x i

G i
, x j

G j d ij
The longest distance method is defined as the distance between two classes is the distance between two farthest sample, that is:
D
 max d ij x i

G i
, j

G ij x j
Because the index values are different in order of magnitude, the paper should eliminate the difference by Z fraction approach. With statistical software spss16.0, through running the hierarchical clustering function, can get the condensed state table in the hierarchical clustering analysis, as shown in table 2. Through the shortest distance method and the longest distance method respectively, can obtained the same analytical results, as shown in Table 3.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Table2 Agglomeration Schedule of Hierarchical Cluster
Stage Cluster Combined Coefficients
Cluster
1
Cluster
2
Stage Cluster First
Appears
Cluster
1
Cluster
2
1
2
9
9
11
12
4.981
6.642
0
1
0
0
10
9
9
3
8
4
2
3
14
10
13
6
9
7
5
8
6.846
9.144
12.756
17.238
17.375
17.561
20.526
26.060
0
2
4
0
0
0
0
6
0
3
0
0
5
0
0
7
Next
Stage
11
12
3
2
4
3
29.985
41.523
10
9
8
11
13 1 2 88.815 0 12 0
In Table 2, the first column represents the step of the cluster analysis
，
The second, and the third column
2
4
4
5
7
10
10
11
12
11
12
13 represent which two samples or subclasses clustered into one class. The fourth column is the individual distance or subclasses distance; the fifth and the sixth column indicate whether individuals involved in the clustering or subclasses. Zero indicates sample, non-zero means subclasses generated by the nth step cluster involved in this cluster; the seventh column means in the following steps this results will be used
Case
1:h1
2:h2
3:h3
4:h4
5:h5
6:h6
7:h7
8:h8
9:h9
10:h10
11:h11
12:h12
13:h13
Table3 Cluster Membership
5 Clusters 4 Clusters
1
2
3
4
2
3
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
2
3
4
2
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 Clusters
1
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 14:h14
It can be seen from the tree diagram of cluster analysis that if the 14 third-grade-A-class comprehensive hospitals of Jiangxi province were classified into five categories, the first one is h1 ,the second are h2 and h5, the third are h4 and h7, the forth are h3 and h6, the fifth kind are h8, h9, h10, h11, h12, h13, h14. This classification result is in accordance with the actual situation in Jiangxi province.

Although they are all three level comprehensive hospitals, the scale facilities, management, medical environment and etc are obviously different due to the different of development background and history. h1 is located in the bustling section of the capital city of
Jiangxi province, it has advantages in geographical environment, convenient transportation, advanced software and hardware facilities. At meantime, the patient source is stable, the medical resources are rich, the professional capacity and scientific research ability is strong, public image is nice, which is the most competitive hospitals. h2 and h5 are also located in the center of the capital city of Jiangxi province, they also have convenient transportation, advanced hardware and software facilities, good fame and public image, but the professional ability and research ability is weaker than h1; h4, h7, and h3, h6 are in the center of Nanchang, they also have advanced software and hardware facilities, but the hospital scale, medical resources, professional capacity and management are worse than class 1 and class 2, Their competitiveness need further enhance.h8, h9, h10, h11, h12, h13, h14 are mostly belong to the municipal hospital, the geographical environment, hardware and software facilities, professional capacity, scientific research level, patient source are worse than the provincial capital hospital, At the same time, several hospitals are just rating the three level comprehensive hospitals, despite each index reach the standard, but if compared with class 1, class 2, there is still a long way to improve. If we classify the 14 third-grade-A-class comprehensive hospitals, of
Jiangxi province into four classes, the first class is h1,the second are h2 and h5, the third are h4 and h7, and the forth are h3, h6, h8, the h9, h10, h11, h12, h13, h14; If we classify them into three categories, the first class is h1,the second are h2 and h5, the third are h3, h4, h6 and, h7, h8 , the h9, h10, h11, h12, h13, h14.
V. CONCLUSION
Firstly, the paper establishes evaluation index system of third-grade-A-class comprehensive hospital competitiveness based on systematic research, expert interviews, literature review and considering the actual situation of Jiangxi province. Secondly, classified the 14 three level comprehensive hospitals and gave out the related explanation through the hierarchical clustering analysis method based on statistical software spss16.0.
The result is in accordance with the actual development situation of the hospitals in Jiangxi province, which has great significance to improve the hospital competitiveness.
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