Mr. Aldunate
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TREATIES
Similar to contracts
Also known as:_________________, ________________, _____________________
□ As long as these express __________________ and are entered into by state
governments they will be subject to __________________________________
Canada –US relations are governed by hundreds of treaties on a wide range of topics
Canada is also bound by other treaties – both____________________ ( two-party) and
_____________________________ (multiple party)
Basic Treaty Principles:
• Law of treaties- complex
Based on ______________________ and ________________________
**A treaty must be , ______________, ____________and______________, and
____________ within each state that is a
party to (has signed) the treaty
1. Treaty Negotiations:
• may take place in _____________________________________
• must adhere to ___________________________________________ eg use of threats or
force in violation of int’l principles invalidates treaties
2. Signing and Ratification:
• Negotiators produce a _________________________________ and sign on behalf of
their respective countries
*But only to the effect that understandings have been reached and generally
agreed upon and can only be temporary
• To render a treaty __________________________ it must be ____________________
• Ratification is done once the government has had a chance to review the work of its won
ambassadors.
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Ratification may be______________________ or may be accompanied by a
_______________. Reservations modifies a party’s obligation (reservations may be
rejected by other parties)
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Ratification process varies from country to country. Canada –done by ______________
and does not go through the_______________________. However important treaties
may go through Parliament (ie Kyoto).
3. Implementation:
• To implement a treaty means a nation state takes steps to make the terms part of the
____________________ ________________.
• May require new legislation.
• Problems may arise in Canada when treaty obligations call for the government to interfere
with ________________________________.
Disputes
• Sometimes situations change and terms must be revisited or amended
• Most treaties have provisions for dispute resolutions ( ie resolved by the International
Court of Justice) or an ______________________________..