SQL Server 2000
Fast Answers
for DBAs and Developers
Joseph Sack
SQL Server 2000 Fast Answers
for DBAs and Developers
Copyright © 2005 by Apress
(This book was originally published by Curlingstone in 2003.)
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any
information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright
owner and the publisher.
ISBN (pbk): 1-59059-592-0
Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every
occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the
benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.
Distributed to the book trade in the United States by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.,
233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013, and outside the United States by
Springer-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69112 Heidelberg, Germany.
In the United States: phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax 201-348-4505, e-mail
orders@springer-ny.com, or visit http://www.springer-ny.com.
Outside the United States: fax +49 6221 345229, e-mail orders@springer.de,
or visit http://www.springer.de.
For information on translations, please contact Apress directly at 2560 Ninth Street,
Suite 219, Berkeley, CA 94710. Phone 510-549-5930, fax 510-549-5939, e-mail
info@apress.com, or visit http://www.apress.com.
The information in this book is distributed on an “as is” basis, without warranty. Although
every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author(s) nor
Apress shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage
caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in this
work.
The source code for this book is available to readers at http://www.apress.com in the
Downloads section.
Credits
Author
Technical Reviewers
Joseph Sack
Chris Barnwell
Glen Berry
Greg Feirer
Terry Hickman
Narayana Vyas Kondreddi
Jeff Mason
Brian Moran
Paul Morris
Craig Mullins
Massimo Nardone
Alexzander Nepomnjashiy
Baya Pavliashvili
Publisher
Fiona McParland
Commissioning Editor
Timothy Briggs
Technical Editors
Duncan Black
Justin Crozier
Matthew Moodie
Indexer
Bill Johncocks
Proofreader
Pauline Briggs
Production Manager
Zuned Kasu
Figures
Rachel Taylor
Pip Wonson
Cover Design
Dawn Chellingworth
Natalie O'Donnell
Corey Stewart
Production Coordinators
Rachel Taylor
Pip Wonson
About the Author
Joseph Sack is a database administrator and consultant based in
Minneapolis, Minnesota. Since 1997, he has been developing
and supporting SQL Server environments for clients in financial
services, IT consulting, and manufacturing. He is a Microsoft
Certified Database Administrator (MCDBA). Joe has a BA in
Psychology from the University of Minnesota, and so is
somewhat qualified to listen to what troubles you. You can visit
him at http://www.joesack.com .
Acknowledgments
Thank you to David Hatch, for your advice, encouragement, and patience in hearing me discuss the book
constantly.
Thank you to Barb Sorensen, who gave me my first break at becoming a DBA and developer. Barb sent me to
Seattle for SQL Server training six years ago, and gave me plenty of fun SQL Server projects to work on.
Thank you to Earl Fultz and Andrée Abecassis, for your initial advice and suggestions.
Lastly, I am very grateful to the great big team of editors here at Curlingstone. Your excellent suggestions
and careful review have really made this book what it is! Thank you to Tim Briggs, Duncan Black, Matthew
Moodie, Justin Crozier, Terry Hickman, Baya Pavliashvili, Narayana Vyas Kondreddi, Massimo Nardone,
Glenn Berry, Jeff Mason, Chris Barnwell, Craig S Mullins, Brian Moran, Greg Feirer, Paul Morris, and Sasha
Nepomnjashiy. Your feedback was critical and much appreciated.
Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction
xxi
xxiii
Chapter 1: Installation, Upgrades, Service Packs, and Database Migration 1
Common Installation Problems
2
Hardware and Operating System Requirements for SQL Server 2000
3
Pre-Installation Best Practices
5
1.1 How to… Install SQL Server 2000
11
1.2 How to… Install Analysis Services
13
1.3 How to… Install English Query
14
1.4 How to… Perform an Unattended Installation
15
1.5 How to… Perform a Remote Installation
17
1.6 How to… Install Only the Client Utilities
17
1.7 How to… Install Only Client Connectivity
18
1.8 How to… Uninstall SQL Server
18
1.9 How to… Troubleshoot a Failed Installation
19
SQL Server Instances: Overview and Best Practice
20
1.10 How to… Install a Named Instance of SQL Server
21
1.11 How to… Register Your Named Instance in SQL Server
Enterprise Manager
21
1.12 How to… Determine the Port Number for a Named Instance
22
Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC) Defined
22
1.13 How to… Troubleshoot MDAC Installation
22
Ensuring Client Connectivity to Your Server
23
Table of Contents
Upgrading to SQL Server 2000 from SQL Server 6.5 and 7.0
25
Database Compatibility Settings
25
Service Packs and Security Patches
26
1.14 How to… Find the Latest SQL Server Service Packs and Security Patches
27
1.15 How to… Install a Service Pack
27
1.16 How to… Uninstall a SQL Server Service Pack
29
1.17 How to… Install a Security Patch
32
1.18 How to… Roll Back a Security Patch
33
Post-Installation Best Practices
33
Database Migration Techniques
37
1.19 How to… Move Logins
37
1.20 How to… Fix Orphaned Logins
41
1.21 How to… Restore Another SQL Server's Database from Backup
to SQL Server 2000
42
1.22 How to…
… Use BCP
50
1.23 How to…
… Use BULK INSERT
54
Database Migration – Bringing It All Together
55
1.24 How to… Migrate Databases from SQL Server 6.5 to SQL Server 2000
55
1.25 How to… Migrate Data from Microsoft Access
60
1.26 How to… Migrate Data from Microsoft Excel
64
Chapter 2: Configuring SQL Server
ii
67
2.1 How to… Configure Server Options with Enterprise Manager
67
2.2 How to… Configure and View Server Options with sp_configure
68
2.3 How to… Use RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE
70
2.4 How to... Configure Server Options
70
2.5 How to… View Server Property Information with SERVERPROPERTY
103
2.6 How to… Show Version Information for Your Server – xp_msver
105
2.7 How to… View Server Default Collation using SELECT
SERVERPROPERTY
109
Table of Contents
2.8 How to… View Server Default Collation using sp_helpsort
109
2.9 How to… Create a Database with a Collation Different from the
Server Default
110
2.10 How to… Change Database Collation
111
2.11 How to… Create a Table with a Column using a Non-Default Collation
111
2.12 How to… Change a Column's Collation
112
2.13 How to… Use the COLLATE Statement in a Transact-SQL Statement
113
2.14 How to… Use COLLATIONPROPERTY
113
2.15 How to… Change Default Server Collation with the Rebuild Master
Utility
114
Chapter 3: Creating and Configuring Databases
119
SQL Server Storage Internals
119
Estimating Growth
123
The System Databases
126
Creating, Configuring, and Modifying Your Database
126
3.1 How To… Create a Database in SQL Server 2000
126
3.2 How to… Add a Data or Log File to an Existing Database
134
3.3 How to… Remove a Data or Log File from a Database
135
3.4 How to… Change a File's Logical Name
137
3.5 How to… Change a Database Owner
137
Database Options
138
3.6 How to… View Database Options with DATABASEPROPERTYEX
153
3.7 How to… View User Options for the Current Connection with DBCC
USEROPTIONS
155
3.8 How to… Set User Options in Query Analyzer
156
3.9 How to… Rename a Database with sp_renamedb
160
3.10 How to… Show Database Information with sp_helpdb
160
3.11 How to… Show Log Size and % Space Used for Each Database
161
3.12 How to… Report and Correct Inaccuracies in the sysindexes Table
with DBCC UPDATEUSAGE
162
iii
Table of Contents
3.13 How to… View Space Usage with sp_spaceused
163
3.14 How to… Shrink Data and Log Files in a Database with DBCC
SHRINKDATABASE
164
3.15 How to… Shrink Data Files in a Database using Enterprise Manager
165
3.16 How to… Shrink a Specific Data Or Log File using DBCC SHRINKFILE
167
Filegroups
170
3.17 How to… Add a User-Defined Filegroup
171
3.18 How to… Make a User-Defined Filegroup the Default Filegroup
172
3.19 How to… Make a Filegroup Read-Only
174
3.20 How to… Place a Table into a Filegroup
174
3.21 How to… Change a Filegroup for an Existing Table
177
3.22 How to… Change a Filegroup for an Existing Index
178
3.23 How to… Remove a Filegroup
179
3.24 How to… Create Database Objects using Enterprise Manager
180
Chapter 4: SQL Server Agent and SQL Logs
iv
197
4.1 How to… Configure SQL Server Agent Properties
198
4.2 How to… Use xp_cmdshell
202
4.3 How to… Set up the Proxy Account
203
4.4 How to… Add Alerts
206
Checklist… Recommended Alerts – What to Monitor
208
4.5 How to… Add Operators
210
4.6 How to… Add and Configure Jobs
211
4.7 How to… Create Job Categories
215
Configuring SQL Mail and SQLAgentMail
216
4.8 How to… Troubleshoot SQL Mail and SQLAgentMail
217
4.9 How to… Configure SQL Mail for a Valid POP3 Server
218
4.10 How to… Use Alternative E-Mail Solutions
218
4.11 How to… Use xp_sendmail
219
4.12 How to… Process Incoming E-Mails with SQL Mail Procedures
221
Table of Contents
4.13 How to… Configure Multi-Server Administration
222
4.14 How to… Configure the Master Server
223
4.15 How to… Set up Target Servers
223
4.16 How to… Create a Multi Server Job
223
4.17 How to… View Multi-Server Job History
225
4.18 How to… Defect a Target Server
225
4.19 How to… Script Jobs, Operators, and Alerts
226
4.20 How to… Transfer Jobs using DTS
227
4.21 How to… Delete or Re-Assign Jobs Belonging to a Specified Login
using sp_manage_jobs_by_login
228
4.22 How to… Purge Job History Rows with sp_purge_jobhistory
228
4.23 How to… Start and Stop a Job with Transact-SQL Stored
Procedures sp_start_job and sp_stop_job
229
4.24 How to… View and Interpret SQL Server Agent Error Logs
230
4.25 How to… Change the Name or Location of the SQL Server Agent
Error Log
231
SQL Server Agent Stored Procedures
231
SQL Server Error Log
234
4.26 How to… Read the SQL Server Error Log
234
4.27 How to… Setting the Number of SQL Server Error Logs to Keep
235
4.28 How to… Start up a New SQL Server Error Log without Restarting
the SQL Server Service
235
4.29 How to… Change the Logging Status of an Error Message with
sp_altermessage
236
4.30 How to… Log a User-Defined Message with xp_logevent
238
Chapter 5: Transactions, Locking, Blocking, and Deadlocking
241
Understanding Transactions
241
5.1 How to… Use a Transaction Mark
248
Best Practices for using Transactions
249
5.2 How to… Display the Oldest Active Transaction with DBCC OPENTRAN
249
v
Table of Contents
5.3 How to… Use SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL
251
5.4 How to… Use SET CURSOR_CLOSE_ON_COMMIT
252
5.5 How to… Use SET REMOTE_PROC_TRANSACTIONS
253
Lock Types, Compatibility, Isolation Levels, and Hints
254
5.6 How to… View Locking Activity in Enterprise Manager
262
5.7 How to… Use sp_who
263
5.8 How to… Use DBCC INPUTBUFFER and DBCC OUTPUTBUFFER
265
5.9 How to… Use fn_get_sql
266
5.10 How to… Use SET LOCK_TIMEOUT
266
Blocking and Deadlocking Defined
267
Why Blocking and Deadlocking Happen
268
5.11 How to… Identify and Resolve Blocking
268
5.12 How to… Identify Deadlocks with Trace Flag 1204
271
5.13 How to… Enable Trace Flags at SQL Server Startup
273
5.14 How to… SET DEADLOCK_PRIORITY
274
5.15 How to… Capture Deadlock Activity using SQL Profiler
275
Troubleshooting Blocking and Deadlocking Problems
281
Chapter 6: Backup, Recovery, and Maintenance
vi
285
Creating a Backup and Recovery Plan
285
Checklist... When Problems Occur…
286
Checklist... If You Have to Rebuild Your Server...
286
Database Backup Methods
287
Understanding the Transaction Log
291
Checkpoints
292
6.1 How to… Perform Full, Differential, File, Filegroup, and Transaction
Log Backups with Enterprise Manager
293
6.2 How to… Create a Named Backup Device
296
6.3 How to… Perform a Full Database Backup with Transact-SQL
298
6.4 How to… Perform a Transaction Log Backup using Transact-SQL
301
Table of Contents
6.5 How to... Perform a Differential Backup using Transact-SQL
303
6.6 How to... Backup Individual Files or Filegroups using Transact-SQL
303
Checklist... Backup Reminders
304
6.7 How to… Restore a Database using Enterprise Manager
305
6.8 How to… Use RESTORE FILELISTONLY
309
6.9 How to… Use RESTORE HEADERONLY
310
6.10 How to… Use RESTORE LABELONLY
312
6.11 How to… Restore a Database from a Full Backup using Transact-SQL
313
6.12 How to… Restore a Database from a Differential Backup using
Transact-SQL
316
6.13 How to… Restore a Database from a Transaction Log Backup using
Transact-SQL
317
6.14 How to… Restore a File or Filegroup
320
6.15 How to… Do a PARTIAL Restore to a New Database
320
6.16 How to… Recover from File Loss or Database Corruption
321
Corrupted Binary Files
323
6.17 How to… Reset a Suspect Database with sp_resetstatus
324
6.18 How to… Rebuild the Registry
326
6.19 How to… Start SQL Server in Single-User Mode
326
6.20 How to… Set Up a Database Maintenance Plan
326
6.21 How to… Investigate Maintenance Plan Failures
336
6.22 How to… Use the xp_sqlmaint or SQLMaint Utility
337
6.23 How to… Check Consistency of the Disk Space Allocation
Structures with DBCC CHECKALLOC
340
6.24 How to… Check System Table Consistency with DBCC
CHECKCATALOG
344
6.25 How to… Check Table Integrity with DBCC CHECKCONSTRAINTS
344
6.26 How to… Check Allocation and Structural Integrity of All Database
Objects with DBCC CHECKDB
347
6.27 How to… Check data, index, text, ntext, and image Pages for
Tables or Indexed Views Using DBCC CHECKTABLE
350
vii
Table of Contents
6.28 How to… Check Allocation and Structural Integrity of All Tables in
a Filegroup using DBCC CHECKFILEGROUP
352
6.29 How to… Disable Parallelism in DBCC CHECKDB, DBCC
CHECKFILEGROUP, and DBCC CHECKTABLE
354
6.30 How to… Output DBCC Data in Tabular Form using WITH
TABLERESULTS
355
Index Fragmentation
356
6.31 How to… Rebuild Indexes with DBCC DBREINDEX
356
6.32 How to… Defragment Indexes with DBCC INDEXDEFRAG
358
6.33 How to… Defragment Heaps
360
6.34 How to… Reclaim Space after Dropping Variable Length or Text
Columns with DBCC CLEANTABLE
361
Chapter 7: Security
363
SQL Server Logins, Users, Roles, and Permissions
364
7.1 How to... Create Logins using Enterprise Manager and Transact-SQL
369
7.2 How to... Remove a SQL Server Login using Enterprise Manager or
Transact-SQL
373
7.3 How to... Change the Default Database for a Login with
sp_defaultdb
373
7.4 How to... Change the Default Login Language using
sp_defaultlanguage
374
7.5 How to... List Defunct NT Users or Groups with Access to SQL Server
374
7.6 How to... Change or Add a Password in Enterprise Manager or
Transact-SQL
375
7.7 How to... Create Database Users in Enterprise Manager or
Transact-SQL
376
7.8 How to... Remove a User From the Database
377
7.9 How to... Create and Manage User-Defined Database Roles
379
7.10 How to... Display User-Defined or Fixed Database Roles in the
Current Database using sp_helprole
382
7.11 How to... Display Members of a Specific Database Role using
sp_helprolemember
383
viii
Table of Contents
7.12 How to... Create, Manage, and Drop Application Roles
384
7.13 How to... Show Users and Roles with Access to the Current
Database using sp_helpuser
386
7.14 How to... Display Account Permissions and Permission Path using
xp_logininfo
387
7.15 How to... Deny SQL Server Access to a Windows NT User or Group
using sp_denylogin
388
7.16 How to... Return a List of Fixed Server Roles with sp_helpsrvrole
388
7.17 How to... Display Permissions for Fixed Server Roles with
sp_srvrolepermission
389
7.18 How to... List Members of a Fixed Server Role using
sp_helpsrvrolemember
390
7.19 How to... Return a List of Fixed Database Roles with
sp_helpdbfixedrole
391
7.20 How to... Display Fixed Database Role Permissions
392
SQL Server Permission Types
392
7.21 How to... GRANT, REVOKE, or DENY Statement and Object Permissions
394
7.22 How to... Report User Permissions and Statement Permissions
using sp_helprotect
402
7.23 How to... Audit Security with SQL Profiler
406
7.24 How to... Audit Logins at the OS Level
411
7.25 How to... Monitor Updates with Triggers
412
Chapter 8: Replication
419
Replication Topology
420
Replication Types
421
Replication Configuration Methods
426
Data Type Considerations
426
SQL Server Version Compatibility
427
Pre-Replication Checklist
428
8.1 How to… Configure Snapshot Replication
429
8.2 How to… Create a Transactional Replication Publication
440
8.3 How to… Create a Merge Replication Publication
448
ix
Table of Contents
8.4 How to… Push a Subscription
456
8.5 How to… Create a Pull Subscription
460
8.6 How to… Transform Data Within Your Publication
464
8.7 How to… Use Dynamic Filters and Dynamic Snapshots for a Merge
Publication
468
8.8 How to… Use Windows Synchronization Manager
476
8.9 How to… Configure Publication Properties
481
8.10 How to… Use Interactive Conflict Resolvers
491
8.11 How to… View Merge Replication Conflicts using Enterprise Manager
494
8.12 How to… Configure an Attachable Subscription Database
495
8.13 How to… Validate Replicated Data
497
8.14 How to… Launch Replication Wizards from Enterprise Manager
501
8.15 How to… Create and Manage Publications in Enterprise Manager
502
8.16 How to… Generate a Transact-SQL Script of Your Publication
and Subscribers
502
8.17 How to… Configure Topology Roles from Enterprise Manager
504
8.18 How to… Configure Agent Profiles
507
8.19 How to… Disable Publishing and Distribution on Your Server
512
Replication System Tables
513
8.20 How to… Find Help Troubleshooting Replication Problems
517
Chapter 9: Linked Servers
x
521
Checklist: Functionality and Performance Considerations for Linked Servers
521
9.1 How to... Add a Linked Server
522
9.2 How to... Execute Distributed Queries with a Linked Server
534
9.3 How to... Execute Ad Hoc Distributed Queries using OPENROWSET
and OPENDATASOURCE
536
9.4 How to... List All Tables from a Linked Server using sp_tables_ex
538
9.5 How to... Show Privilege Information about a Linked Server Table
with sp_table_privileges_ex
539
9.6 How to... Display Column Data for a Linked Server Table using
sp_columns_ex
540
Table of Contents
9.7 How to… Return Column Privileges for a Linked Server Table using
sp_column_privileges_ex
541
9.8 How to... List Linked Servers Defined on Your Local Server
542
9.9 How to… Troubleshoot Linked Servers and Distributed Queries
543
Chapter 10: Failover Clustering
549
Cluster Meta Data
553
Cluster Administrator
553
Pre-Installation Checklist for SQL Server Failover Clustering
554
10.1 How to… Install a SQL Server 2000 Virtual Server
555
10.2 How to… Install a Service Pack for a SQL Server 2000 Virtual Server
557
10.3 How to… Implement Post-Installation Steps
558
Adding Additional Disk Resources
559
Other Post-Installation Configurations to Monitor
559
10.4 How to… Troubleshoot a Failed SQL Server Virtual Server
560
10.5 How to… Uninstall a SQL Server 2000 Virtual Server
560
Chapter 11: DTS
563
11.1 How to... Use DTS Designer
564
11.2 How to... Add and Configure a Connection Object
565
11.3 How to... Add a New Task
568
11.4 How to... Configure the File Transfer Protocol Task
568
11.5 How to... Configure the ActiveX Script Task
570
11.6 How to... Configure the Transform Data Task
572
Configuring the Execute Process Task
587
11.7 How to... Configure the Execute SQL Task
588
11.8 How to... Configure the Data Driven Query Task
589
11.9 How to... Configure the Copy SQL Server Objects Task
594
11.10 How to... Configure the Send Mail Task
595
11.11 How to... Configure the Bulk Insert Task
596
xi
Table of Contents
11.12 How to... Configure the Execute Package Task
597
11.13 How to... Configure the Message Queue Task
598
11.14 How to... Configure Transfer Tasks
602
11.15 How to... Configure the Dynamic Properties Task
604
Configuring Workflow
606
Understanding the DTS Package Execution Context
609
11.16 How to… Configure Package Properties
611
11.17 How to… Set the Package Owner and User Password
613
11.18 How to… Schedule a DTS Package
614
11.19 How to… Use dtsrun
616
11.20 How to… Generate a dtsrun String Dynamically via dtsrunui
619
11.21 How to… Register a Custom Task
620
11.22 How to… Transfer DTS Packages between Servers
621
11.23 How to… Troubleshoot DTS Packages
622
Chapter 12: Log Shipping
625
The Log Shipping Process
625
Checklist… Log Shipping Pre-Configuration Recommendations and
Best Practices
627
12.1 How to… Set up Log Shipping with the Database Maintenance
Plan Wizard
628
12.2 How to… Monitor Log Shipping Status
634
12.3 How to… Configure Log Shipping Properties
636
12.4 How to… Create a Primary Role Change for the Secondary Server
637
12.5 How to… Troubleshoot Log Shipping
640
Chapter 13: Other Utilities
645
13.1 How to… Use osql
645
13.2 How to… Use Query Analyzer Templates
651
13.3 How to… Use the Query Analyzer Object Browser
654
13.4 How to… Use the Query Analyzer Keyboard Shortcuts
657
xii
Table of Contents
13.5 How to… Use SQLDIAG
659
13.6 How to… Check the Port Number of a Named Instance using the
Server Network Utility
661
13.7 How to… Create a Client-Side Alias using the Client Network Utility
662
13.8 How to… Configure Full-Text Indexing
663
13.9 How to… Use Full-Text Index Stored Procedures
668
13.10 How to… Query a Full-Text Index
672
13.11 How to… Create Custom Messages
677
Chapter 14: DDL
681
14.1 How to… Create a Table
681
14.2 How to… Create a Table with a Primary Key
684
14.3 How to… Create a Unique Constraint
686
14.4 How to… Create a Computed Column
686
14.5 How to… Place a Table on a Filegroup
688
14.6 How to… Place Text or Images on a Separate Filegroup
688
14.7 How to… Create a Table with a Foreign Key Reference
689
14.8 How to... Set Recursive Foreign Key References
690
14.9 How to... Create a Cascading Change with ON DELETE
691
14.10 How to... Create a Cascading Change with ON UPDATE
691
14.11 How to… Use CHECK Constraints
692
14.12 How to… Use the DEFAULT Property During Table Creation
693
14.13 How to… Use the IDENTITY Property During Table Creation
694
14.14 How to… Use DBCC CHECKIDENT to View and Correct IDENTITY
Seed Values
697
14.15 How to… Use ROWGUIDCOL
698
14.16 How to… Specify Column Collation
699
14.17 How to… Add a Column to an Existing Table
699
14.18 How to… Drop a Column and Constraints from a Table
700
14.19 How to… Change a Column Definition
700
xiii
Table of Contents
14.20 How to… Remove the ROWGUIDCOL Property
701
14.21 How to… Add a Primary Key Constraint to an Existing Table
702
14.22 How to… Add a Foreign Key Constraint to an Existing Table
702
14.23 How to… Add a DEFAULT Constraint to an Existing Table
703
14.24 How to… Add a CHECK Constraint to an Existing Table
703
14.25 How to… Add a UNIQUE Constraint to an Existing Table
704
14.26 How to… Disable and Enable Constraints
704
14.27 How to… Drop a Table
704
14.28 How to… Create a Temporary Table
705
14.29 How to… Create a Table Variable
706
14.30 How to… Set Table Options with sp_tableoption
706
14.31 How to… Display Constraint Information for a Table Using
sp_helpconstraint
707
14.32 How to… Use DBCC PINTABLE to Place a Table's Data Pages
Into Memory
708
Performance Impact of Constraints
709
Views, Updateable Views, Indexed Views, Partitioned Views
709
14.33 How to… Create a View
712
14.34 How to… Create an Indexed View
713
14.35 How to… Create a Partitioned View
715
14.36 How to… Change a View
717
14.37 How to… Drop a View
718
14.38 How to… Refresh Meta Data for a Specific View
718
Stored Procedures
718
14.39 How to… Create Stored Procedures
719
14.40 How to… Modify Stored Procedures
721
14.41 How to… Drop Stored Procedures
722
14.42 How to… Run Stored Procedures at Startup
722
14.43 How to… Force a Stored Procedure to Recompile
722
14.44 How to… Print the Text of the Stored Procedure
723
xiv
Table of Contents
14.45 How to… Force a Flush of the Procedure Cache
723
14.46 How to… Add an Extended Stored Procedure
724
14.47 How to… Show the Name of the DLL Associated with an Extended
Stored Procedure
724
14.48 How to… Unload the Extended Stored Procedure DLL from Memory
725
14.49 How to… Remove an Extended Stored Procedure
725
User-Defined Functions
725
14.50 How to… Create Scalar User-Defined Functions
727
14.51 How to… Create Inline User-Defined Functions
728
14.52 How to… Create Multistatement User-Defined Functions
729
14.53 How to… Modify User-Defined Functions
731
14.54 How to… Drop User-Defined Functions
731
Indexes
731
14.55 How to… Create an Index
733
14.56 How to… Drop an Index
735
14.57 How to… Display Indexes Defined for a Table
736
Triggers
736
14.58 How to… Create a Trigger
737
14.59 How to… Alter a Trigger
740
14.60 How to… Drop a Trigger
740
14.61 How to… Monitor the Nesting Level within a Trigger
740
14.62 How to… Specify the Firing Order of AFTER Triggers
741
14.63 How to… List Triggers for Table
741
14.64 How to… Enable and Disable Table Triggers
742
Working with Database Objects
743
14.65 How to… Change the Name of a User-Created Database Object
743
14.66 How to… Display Information About a Database Object
744
14.67 How to… Display Information on Database Object Dependencies
745
14.68 How to… Change an Object Owner
746
14.69 How to… Query the Meta Data of Database Objects
746
xv
Table of Contents
Chapter 15: DML
749
15.1 How to… Use a Simple SELECT Statement
749
15.2 How to… Use DISTINCT to Remove Duplicate Values
751
15.3 How to… Use Column Aliases
753
15.4 How to… Use the TOP Keyword
754
15.5 How to… Use the WITH TIES Clause to Return Repeating Values in
the TOP Clause
754
15.6 How to… Create a Table using INTO
755
15.7 How to… Use the FROM Clause
757
15.8 How to… Use Table JOINs
757
15.9 How to… Use Table Aliases and Self Joins
763
15.10 How to… Use Derived Tables
764
15.11 How to… Use the WHERE Clause to Specify Rows Returned in the
Result Set
765
15.12 How to… Use the GROUP BY Clause
772
15.13 How to… Use the HAVING Clause
775
15.14 How to… Use the ORDER BY Clause
776
15.15 How to… Use Subqueries
778
15.16 How to… Use UNION to Combine Result Sets
780
15.17 How to… Use COMPUTE in a SELECT Statement
782
15.18 How to… Use the FOR Clause
783
15.19 How to… Use the INSERT Statement
784
15.20 How to… Use the UPDATE Statement
786
15.21 How to… Use the DELETE Statement
788
15.22 How to… TRUNCATE a TABLE
788
15.23 How to… Use Hints
789
xvi
Table of Contents
Chapter 16: Transact-SQL Techniques
793
16.1 How to… Use Aggregate Functions
793
16.2 How to… Use String Functions
800
16.3 How to… Use Date Functions
811
16.4 How to… Use Display Information with @@ Functions
814
16.5 How to… Use Mathematical Functions
818
16.6 How to… Use Security functions
825
16.7 How to… Use Meta Data Functions
827
16.8 How to… Use System Functions
830
16.9 How to… Use IMAGE, TEXT, and NTEXT Functions
836
16.10 How to… Use Information Schema Views
840
Normalization in a Nutshell
841
16.11 How to… Use CASE
844
BEGIN and END
845
16.12 How to… Use IF…ELSE
846
16.13 How to… Use WHILE, BREAK, and CONTINUE
847
16.14 How to… Use RETURN
849
16.15 How to... Use RAISERROR
850
Transact-SQL Cursors
852
16.16 How to… Create and use Transact- SQL Cursors
852
16.17 How to… Create Extended Properties
857
16.18 How to… Create a Script that Creates a Script
861
16.19 How to… Use sp_executesql
861
16.20 How to… Use String Concatenation
862
Batches
863
16.21 How to… Use EXEC
863
16.22 How to… Bind a Connection to Other Transactions using
sp_bindsession and sp_getbindtoken
864
16.23 How to… Use COM Automation sp_oa Procedures
865
16.24 How to… Remove All Clean Buffers from the Buffer Pool
870
16.25 How to… Use WAITFOR
870
xvii
Table of Contents
Chapter 17: Performance Tuning
873
17.1 How to… Use System Monitor to Identify Hardware Bottlenecks
873
Query Tuning Best Practices
886
17.2 How To… Use SQL Profiler to Capture Activity
887
17.3 How to… Script a Server-Side Profiler Trace
894
17.4 How to… Use SHOWPLAN_ALL, SHOWPLAN_TEXT
904
17.5 How to… Use Graphical Showplan
906
17.6 How to… Use SET STATISTICS IO
912
17.7 How to… Use SET STATISTICS TIME
912
17.8 How to… Use SET STATISTICS PROFILE
913
17.9 How to… Use Query Analyzer's Server Trace and Client Statistics
915
Checklist: Index Best Practices
916
17.10 How to… Display fragmentation using DBCC SHOWCONTIG
920
17.11 How to… Use the Index Tuning Wizard
922
17.12 How to… Use CREATE STATISTICS
925
17.13 How to… Display Columns with Statistics with sp_helpstats
926
17.14 How to… Show Current Distribution Statistics for a Table DBCC
SHOW_STATISTICS
927
17.15 How to… Update Statistics against all User-Defined Tables using
sp_updatestats
928
Chapter 18: XML
931
XML
931
The Anatomy of an XML Document
932
18.1 How to… Use FOR XML
935
18.2 How to… Use sp_makewebtask to Output XML Documents
939
18.3 How to… Use OPENXML
940
Index
xviii
945
Table of Contents
xix
Preface
Over the last five years, I have got into the habit of carrying around what I call "The Green Folder". This
folder contains useful Transact-SQL tricks, rare error code definitions, complicated syntax examples, bug
reports, and things I just cannot seem to remember without looking them up first.
My fellow SQL Server database administrators and developers soon found out about the folder, and asked me
for copies of the contents. Some co-workers complained when I threw away articles that I no longer thought I
needed, as they wanted to see if it was something they too should learn or commit to memory.
One day it occurred to me that "The Green Folder" would be much more useful if I migrated it to a reference
manual format, organized by topic and question.
As SQL Server professionals we require continuous learning and hands-on experience in order to remain
effective in our jobs. We must continually refine our craft by learning new technologies, as well as keeping a
firm grasp on core administration and development topics. No one will be impressed if we are experts in
using DTS or XML, but cannot remember how to rebuild an index or add a new login.
I have written this book with the following goals in mind:
To provide succinct answers to SQL Server 2000 database administration and development
questions –for both new and experienced DBAs.
To provide intuitive and concise syntax examples.
To review basic and advanced SQL Server topics, covering the "critical inch" of each subject.
My hope is that this book will be a helpful day-to-day reference, letting you revisit the bits of SQL Server
about which you need to jog your memory, and showing you new SQL Server concepts, technologies, and
best practices.
Joseph Sack
Introduction
Welcome to SQL Server 2000 Fast Answers for DBAs and Developers.
In this book, we have assumed that you have a basic working knowledge of relational databases; that you know
what you need to do as a DBA or a developer, but you want to know how to do it with SQL Server 2000.
To follow the text of the book, you'll need:
❏
Sysadmin rights to a PC running Windows, on which you can install SQL Server 2000
❏
A copy of SQL Server 2000 Personal, Standard, Developer or Enterprise Edition
❏
A database account with DBA rights
Some chapters need extra, or more specific, hardware (for example, Chapters 9, 10, and 12) or more than
one database (for example, Chapters 8 and 11), but the requirements in each chapter are made clear.
The complete source code from the book is available for download at http://www.apress.com.
Conventions
To help you understand what's going on, and in order to maintain consistency, we've used a number of
conventions throughout the book:
These boxes hold key information.
Reminders and background information are presented like this.
Introduction
Syntax definitions are shown like this:
CREATE TABLE <database_name.owner.table_name> (
<column_name_1> <datatype_for_column_1> nullability,
<column_name_N> <datatype_for_column_N> nullability)
Examples are introduced with headings like this:
Example 14.1.1: Creating a table
and example code is shown like this:
In our code examples, the code foreground style shows new, important, and
pertinent code.
Code background shows code that's less important in the present context, or code
that has been seen before.
The first time a key word or concept is discussed, or defined, it will be typed in bold, for example,
nullability.
Words that appear on the screen in menus like the File or Window menu are in a similar font to what you
see on screen. URLs are also displayed in this font.
In the book text, we use a fixed-width font when we talk about databases, fields, values, and other objects
that may appear in code; for example, the Customer table and the Customer_id field. The same font is
used for files, for example, query.sql. Keystrokes are shown like this: Ctrl-I.
Customer Support
We value feedback from our readers, and we want to know what you think about this book: what you liked,
what you didn't like, and what you think we can do better next time. You can send us your comments by emailing support@apress.com. Please be sure to mention the book's ISBN and title in your message.
Errata
We have made every effort to make sure that there are no errors in the text or in the code. However, no one
is perfect and mistakes do occur. If you find an error in this book, like a spelling mistake or a faulty piece of
code, we would be very grateful to hear about it. By sending in errata, you may save another reader hours
of frustration, and of course, you will be helping us provide even higher quality information.
To find known errata and submit new errata, simply go to the appropriate book page on the Apress website
at http://www.apress.com.
forums.apress.com
For author and peer discussion, join the Apress discussion groups. If you post a query to our forums, you can be
confident that many Apress authors, editors, and industry experts are examining it. At forums.apress.com you
will find a number of different lists that will help you, not only while you read this book, but also as you
develop your own applications.
To sign up for the Apress forums, go to forums.apress.com and select the New User link.
xxiv
Introduction
xxv