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PART I
LESSON 19
THE HEROES PERSEUS AND THESEUS
When an oracle told King Acrisius that he
would have no son and that his grandson would
kill him, Acrisius locked up his only daughter,
Danae, figuring that if she had no suitors, he
would have no grandson. But locked doors could
not keep out Zeus. He appeared to lovely Danae
as a shower of gold, and she bore him a son,
Perseus.
After the king discovered what had happened,
he set his daughter and her baby adrift on the sea.
The two were rescued, however, and taken to
King Polydectes, in whose kingdom Perseus grew
up. By then, Polydectes had decided he wanted
Danae for his wife, so he decided to get rid of
Perseus by sending him on a seemingly impossible quest. He sent Perseus to bring back the head
of Medusa, one of three horrible sisters called
Gorgons. Medusa had snakes for hair, and her
glance was so terrible that anyone who looked
directly at her was instantly turned to stone.
The gods helped Perseus by sending him first
to the Graiai, or Gray-Eyed Ones, three strange
sisters who shared one eye and one tooth among
them. By stealing their eye and tooth, Perseus
forced them to tell him the whereabouts of the
magic helmet, sandals, and pouch he needed for
his quest.
Another god-provided prop, a magic mirror,
made it possible for him to cut off Medusa's head
without looking directly at her. Stowing the head
in the magic pouch, he began his return journey.
On his way home, he rescued a beautiful princess,
Andromeda, whose father was offering her to a
sea monster that had been threatening the kingdom. Making use of the winged sandals, Perseus
© 1984, 1997 J. Weston Walch, Publisher
attacked the monster from above, killed it, and
carried away Andromeda as his bride.
Home at last, the hero used Medusa's head to
turn Polydectes and his court to stone, and then he
rescued his mother. Eventually, he did kill his
grandfather by accident, proving that the fate
foretold by the oracle could not be avoided.
• • •
The hero Theseus showed his great strength
early. Before leaving home, Theseus's father had
hidden a sword and sandals under a huge boulder,
telling his wife to let their son remove them when
he was able. After young Theseus had accomplished that feat, he went on to Athens and
performed other deeds of strength and courage,
thus becoming a special hero to the Athenians.
At that time, the Athenians were forced to
pay a yearly tribute of seven young men and
seven young women to Minos, King of Crete.
Minos would imprison them in the labyrinth that
Daedalus had built for him. But imprisonment
was not all that these poor Athenians suffered. In
the maze, Minos kept a strange and fearsome
animal, half man and half bull, called the
Minotaur. Eventually, it ate anyone imprisoned
there.
In selfless fashion, Theseus decided to halt
this horrible slaughter of the innocents. He went
to Crete, entered the labyrinth, and slew the
monster. But he might have remained Minos's
prisoner if the king's daughter, Ariadne, had not
given him a ball of twine. Theseus unraveled the
twine as he walked through the labyrinth and then
used it to retrace his steps. When Theseus left
Crete, he took Ariadne with him; but unfortunately he later abandoned her.
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Mythology: A Teaching Unit