Signal Processing
Bits
• A binary digit or “bit” is a single piece of information
No
Is the arrow pointing up?
Yes
• We use them to record data
Signal
Record
Bits
• We can use multiple bits on a single data
point to record complex data:
Signal
Record
Bits
• The more bits you use per data point, the
more information you can store
Data Recording
1 bit
2 bits
3 bits
Data Recording
Less Information
More Data Points
1 bit
2 bits
3 bits
More Information Fewer Data Points
Data Recording
https://www.desmos.com/calculator/8a6vktlot0
1) How does sampling frequency affect the
output function?
2) How does the number of bits per data point
affect the output function?
Advantages to 1-bit Recording
Data from 1 Site
8
6
4
2
0
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Data from 2 Sites
8
6
4
2
0
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Data from 3 Sites
8
6
4
2
0
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Data from 4 Sites
8
6
4
2
0
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Data from 5 Sites
8
6
4
2
0
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Data from 6 Sites
8
6
4
2
0
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Data from 1000 Sites
8
6
4
2
0
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Sum of 10 Sites
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Sum of 100 Sites
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Sum of 1000 sites
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Sum of 1000 Sites
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
True Signal
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1-bit Compression
• Run a zero line through your data so there are
as many points above as beneath the line.
• Change any data point above the line to “1”
and any data point below the line to “0”
1-bit Compression
1
midpoint
0
Signal from 1 Site
8.0
6.0
Change these to “1”
4.0
2.0
0.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-2.0
-4.0
-6.0
-8.0
Change these to “0”
35
40
45
50
1 Site Compressed to 1 bit
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1000 Sites Compressed to 1 Bit
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Average of 1000 sites Compressed to 1
Bit
0.6
0.58
0.56
0.54
0.52
0.5
0.48
0.46
0.44
0.42
0.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
True Signal
0.6
0.58
0.56
0.54
0.52
0.5
0.48
0.46
0.44
0.42
0.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Signal Processing
• Rules:
– Copy down everything on the next slide
– It must be 100% accurate
– The text will disappear in 5 seconds
Ready?
But I do prophesy the election lights
On Fortinbras: he has my dying voice;
So tell him, with the occurrents, more and less,
Which have solicited. The rest is silence.
Accuracy Check
• There are 30 words in this excerpt. What percentage of them did you get?
• Of the words you DID write down, what percentage of them were spelled correctly?
But I do prophesy the election lights
On Fortinbras: he has my dying voice;
So tell him, with the occurrents, more and less,
Which have solicited. The rest is silence.
-Hamlet (V.ii.392)
Let’s Try Again
• Rules:
– Same rules as before, PLUS
– You can work with people near you
– Only one correct copy per group needed
– Take a minute to plan…
Ready?
Who was it that thus cried? Why, worthy thane,
You do unbend your noble strength, to think
So brainsickly of things. Go get some water,
And wash this filthy witness from your hand.
Accuracy Check
• There are 33 words in this excerpt. What percentage of them did you get?
• Of the words you DID write down, what percentage of them were spelled correctly?
Who was it that thus cried? Why, worthy thane,
You do unbend your noble strength, to think
So brainsickly of things. Go get some water,
And wash this filthy witness from your hand.
-Macbeth (II.ii.58)
Ok, One More Time
• Rules:
– Take a minute to revise your plan…
Ready?
Full of vexation come I, with complaint
Against my child, my daughter Hermia.
Stand forth, Demetrius. My noble lord,
This man hath my consent to marry her.
Accuracy Check
• There are 27 words in this excerpt. What percentage of them did you get?
• Of the words you DID write down, what percentage of them were spelled correctly?
Full of vexation come I, with complaint
Against my child, my daughter Hermia.
Stand forth, Demetrius. My noble lord,
This man hath my consent to marry her.
-Midsummer’s Night Dream (I.i.23)
Analysis
• What are the problems?
– Too much data, not enough time
• What are the solutions?
– Each person records only part of the whole
– Parts combined later to produce a good copy
Multi-Core Processing
• Single Core Processing
Input
Data
Processed
Output
• Multi-Core Processing
1/3 Data
Processed
Input
1/3 Data
Processed
1/3 Data
Processed
Output
Very Long Baseline Interferometry
Very Long Baseline Interferometry
time
Very Long Baseline Interferometry
Δt
time
θ
𝑣𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑙 ∙ 𝑡
𝐵=
cos 𝜃
Signal Processing
• Rules:
– You will see three slides full of data.
– Find the correct sentence.
Ready?
ar as creation's ample range extends, The scale of sensual, mental pow'rs ascends: Mark how it mou
mperial race, From the green myriads in the peopled grass: What modes of sight betwixt each wide
mole's dim curtain, and the lynx's beam: Of smell, the headlong lioness between, And hound sagacio
ainted green: Of hearing, from the life that fills the flood, To that which warbles through the vernal w
pider's touch, how exquisitely fine! Feels at each thread, and lives along the line: In the nice bee, wh
ubtly true From pois'nous herbs extracts the healing dew: How instinct varies in the grov'lling swine
ight and, spite of pride, in erring reason's spite, One truth is clear, Whatever is, is right. Half-reas'nin
with thine: 'Twixt that, and reason, what a nice barrier; For ever sep'rate, yet for ever near! Rememb
eflection how allied; What thin partitions sense from thought divide: And middle natures, how they
et never pass th' insuperable line! Without this just gradation, could they be Subjected, these to tho
hee? The pow'rs of all subdu'd by thee alone, Is not thy reason all these pow'rs in one? See, through
cean, and this earth, All matter quick, and bursting into birth. Above, how high, progressive life may
ow wide! how deep extend below! Vast chain of being, which from God began, Natures ethereal, h
man, Beast, bird, fish, insect! what no eye can see, No glass can reach! from infinite to thee, From th
othing!—On superior pow'rs Were we to press, inferior might on ours: Or in the full creation leave a
ne step broken, the great scale's destroy'd: From nature's chain whatever link you strike, Tenth or te
reaks the chain alike. And, if each system in gradation roll Alike essential to th' amazing whole,The l
ut in one, not all That system only, but the whole must fall. Let earth unbalanc'd from her orbit fly, P
uns run lawless through the sky; Let ruling angels from their spheres be hurl'd, Being on being wrec
n world; Heav'n's whole foundations to their centre nod, And nature tremble to the throne of God.
rder break—for whom? for thee? Vile worm!—Oh madness, pride, impiety! What if the foot ordain
read, Or hand to toil, aspir'd to be the head? What if the head, the eye, or ear repin'd To serve mere
he ruling mind? Just as absurd for any part to claim To be another, in this gen'ral frame: Just as absu
he tasks or pains, The great directing Mind of All ordains. All are but parts of one stupendous whole
Nature is, and God the soul; That, chang’s through all, and yet in all the same, Great in the earth, as i
wake, my St. John! leave all meaner things To low ambition, and the pride of kings. Let us (since life
upply Than just to look about us and to die) Expatiate free o'er all this scene of man; A mighty maze
without a plan; A wild, where weeds and flow'rs promiscuous shoot; Or garden, tempting with forbid
ogether let us beat this ample field, Try what the open, what the covert yield; The latent tracts, the
xplore Of all who blindly creep, or sightless soar; Eye Nature's walks, shoot folly as it flies, And catch
ving as they rise; Laugh where we must, be candid where we can; But vindicate the ways of God to
tihg and, spite of pride, in erring reason's spite, One truth is clear, Whatever is, is right. Or man belo
we reason, but from what we know? Of man what see we, but his station here, From which to reason
efer? Through worlds unnumber'd though the God be known, 'Tis ours to trace him only in our own
hrough vast immensity can pierce, See worlds on worlds compose one universe, Observe how system
uns, What other planets circle other suns, What varied being peoples ev'ry star, May tell why Heav'n
s we are. But of this frame the bearings, and the ties, The strong connections, nice dependencies, G
as thy pervading soul Look'd through? or can a part contain the whole? Is the great chain, that draw
nd drawn supports, upheld by God, or thee? Presumptuous man! the reason wouldst thou find, Wh
weak, so little, and so blind? First, if thou canst, the harder reason guess, Why form'd no weaker, blin
ess! Ask of thy mother earth, why oaks are made Taller or stronger than the weeds they shade? Or a
rgent fields above, Why Jove's satellites are less than Jove? Of systems possible, if 'tis confest That W
nfinite must form the best, Where all must full or not coherent be, And all that rises, rise in due deg
he scale of reas'ning life, 'tis plain There must be somewhere, such a rank as man: And all the quest
'er so long) Is only this, if God has plac'd him wrong? Respecting man, whatever wrong we call, May
ght, as relative to all. In human works, though labour'd on with pain, A thousand movements scarce
ain; In God's, one single can its end produce; Yet serves to second too some other use. So man, who
rincipal alone, Perhaps acts second to some sphere unknown, Touches some wheel, or verges to so
ut a part we see, and not a whole. When the proud steed shall know why man restrains His fiery co
im o'er the plains: When the dull ox, why now he breaks the clod, Is now a victim, and now Egypt's
sk for what end the heav'nly bodies shine, Earth for whose use? Pride answers, " 'Tis for mine: For m
wakes her genial pow'r, Suckles each herb, and spreads out ev'ry flow'r; Annual for me, the grape, th
he juice nectareous, and the balmy dew; For me, the mine a thousand treasures brings; For me, hea
rom a thousand springs; Seas roll to waft me, suns to light me rise; My foot-stool earth, my canopy t
rrs not Nature from this gracious end, From burning suns when livid deaths descend, When earthqu
r when tempests sweep Towns to one grave, whole nations to the deep? "No, ('tis replied) the first
hgti and, spite of pride, in erring reason's spite, One truth is clear, Whatever is, is right. Cause Acts n
ut by gen'ral laws; Th' exceptions few; some change since all began: And what created perfect?"—W
the great end be human happiness, Then Nature deviates; and can man do less? As much that end
ourse requires Of show'rs and sunshine, as of man's desires; As much eternal springs and cloudless
or ever temp'rate, calm, and wise. If plagues or earthquakes break not Heav'n's design, Why then a
atiline? Who knows but he, whose hand the lightning forms, Who heaves old ocean, and who wing
ours fierce ambition in a Cæsar's mind, Or turns young Ammon loose to scourge mankind? From pr
ride, our very reas'ning springs; Account for moral, as for nat'ral things: Why charge we Heav'n in th
cquit? In both, to reason right is to submit. Better for us, perhaps, it might appear, Were there all ha
irtue here; That never air or ocean felt the wind; That never passion discompos'd the mind. But all s
lemental strife; And passions are the elements of life. The gen'ral order, since the whole began, Is ke
nd is kept in man. What would this man? Now upward will he soar, And little less than angel, would
ooking downwards, just as griev'd appears To want the strength of bulls, the fur of bears. Made for h
reatures if he call, Say what their use, had he the pow'rs of all? Nature to these, without profusion,
roper organs, proper pow'rs assign'd; Each seeming want compensated of course, Here with degree
here of force; All in exact proportion to the state; Nothing to add, and nothing to abate. Each beast,
appy in its own: Is Heav'n unkind to man, and man alone? Shall he alone, whom rational we call, Be
othing, if not bless'd with all? The bliss of man (could pride that blessing find) Is not to act or think
mankind; No pow'rs of body or of soul to share, But what his nature and his state can bear. Why has
ar
wake,
sk
as
forcreation's
what
my St.end
John!
ample
theleave
heav'nly
range
all meaner
extends,
bodies shine,
things
The scale
Earth
To low
offor
sensual,
ambition,
whosemental
use?
and Pride
the
pow'rs
pride
answers,
ascends:
of kings.
" 'Tis
Mark
Let
forusmine:
how
(since
itFor
mou
lifem
wakes
mperial
upply her
Than
race,
genial
just
From
to
pow'r,
look
the green
Suckles
aboutmyriads
us
each
andherb,
to
in die)
the
and
peopled
Expatiate
spreads
grass:
free
out o'er
ev'ry
What
allflow'r;
modes
this scene
Annual
of sight
of for
man;
betwixt
me,
A the
mighty
each
grape,
wide
maze
th
mole's
without
he juice
dim
anectareous,
plan;
curtain,
A wild,
and
and
where
thethe
lynx's
weeds
balmy
beam:
dew;
and Of
flow'rs
For
smell,
me,
promiscuous
the headlong
mine a thousand
shoot;
lioness
Or between,
treasures
garden, tempting
And
brings;
hound
For
with
me,
sagacio
forbid
hea
rom
ainted
ogether
a thousand
green:
let usOf
beat
springs;
hearing,
this ample
Seas
fromroll
field,
thetolife
waft
Trythat
what
me,
fillsthe
suns
theopen,
to
flood,
light
what
To
methat
the
rise;
which
covert
My foot-stool
warbles
yield; The
through
earth,
latentmy
the
tracts,
canopy
vernal
thetw
pider's
xplore
rrs not Of
touch,
Nature
all who
how
from
blindly
exquisitely
this gracious
creep,fine!
orend,
sightless
Feels
From
at soar;
each
burning
thread,
Eyesuns
Nature's
and
when
lives
walks,
livid
along
deaths
shoot
thefolly
descend,
line:asInitthe
flies,
When
nice
And
earthqu
bee,
catch
wh
ubtly
ving
r when
as
true
they
tempests
From
rise;pois'nous
Laugh
sweepwhere
Towns
herbswe
toextracts
one
must,
grave,
be
thecandid
healing
wholewhere
nations
dew: we
How
tocan;
the
instinct
But
deep?
vindicate
varies
"No,in
('tis
the
thereplied)
ways
grov'lling
ofthe
God
swine
first
to
ight and, spite of pride, in erring reason's spite, One truth is clear, Whatever is, is right. Cause
tihg
hgti
Or
Half-reas'nin
manActs
belon
with
we
ut reason,
by
thine:
gen'ral
'Twixt
butlaws;
from
that,
Th'
what
and
exceptions
we
reason,
know?
few;
what
Of some
man
a nice
what
change
barrier;
seesince
we,
Forbut
all
ever
began:
his
sep'rate,
station
And yet
here,
what
forFrom
created
ever which
near!
perfect?"—W
Rememb
to reason
eflection
efer?
the great
Through
how
endallied;
worlds
be human
What
unnumber'd
happiness,
thin partitions
though
Thensense
the
Nature
God
from
deviates;
bethought
known,
and
divide:
'Tis
can
ours
man
And
todo
trace
middle
less?
him
natures,
Asonly
much
inhow
that
our they
own
end
hrough
ourse
et never
requires
vast
passimmensity
th'
Ofinsuperable
show'rs
canand
pierce,
line!
sunshine,
Without
See worlds
as of
thisman's
onjust
worlds
gradation,
desires;
compose
Ascould
much
one
they
eternal
universe,
be Subjected,
springs
Observe
and
these
how
cloudless
to
system
tho
or
hee?
uns,
ever
What
The
temp'rate,
pow'rs
other planets
ofcalm,
all subdu'd
and
circlewise.
other
by thee
If plagues
suns,
alone,
What
orIsearthquakes
not
varied
thybeing
reason
break
peoples
all these
notev'ry
Heav'n's
pow'rs
star,in
design,
May
one?
tellWhy
See,
whythrough
then
Heav'n
a
scean,
atiline?
we are.
and
Who
But
thisknows
ofearth,
this frame
but
All matter
he,the
whose
bearings,
quick,
hand
and
and
the
bursting
lightning
the ties,
into
The
forms,
birth.
strong
Who
Above,
connections,
heaves
how old
high,
ocean,
nice
progressive
dependencies,
and who
lifewing
may
G
ours
owthy
as
wide!
fierce
pervading
how
ambition
deep
soulextend
inLook'd
a Cæsar's
below!
through?
mind,
Vastor
Or
chain
can
turns
aofpart
young
being,
contain
Ammon
which
thefrom
loose
whole?
God
to Isscourge
began,
the great
Natures
mankind?
chain,
ethereal,
that
From
draw
pr
h
man,
ride,
nd drawn
Beast,
our very
supports,
bird,
reas'ning
fish,upheld
insect!
springs;
by
what
God,
Account
nooreye
thee?
for
canmoral,
Presumptuous
see, No
asglass
for nat'ral
can
man!
reach!
things:
the from
reason
Whyinfinite
charge
wouldst
towe
thee,
thou
Heav'n
find,
From
inWh
th
th
weak,
cquit?
othing!—On
soInlittle,
both,
superior
and
to reason
so blind?
pow'rs
right
First,
Were
is to
if thou
submit.
we tocanst,
press,
Better
the
inferior
for
harder
us,might
perhaps,
reason
on guess,
ours:
it might
Or
Why
in
appear,
the
form'd
fullWere
creation
no weaker,
thereleave
allblin
haa
ess!
irtue
ne step
Ask
here;
of
broken,
thy
That
mother
never
the great
earth,
air or
scale's
ocean
whydestroy'd:
oaks
felt are
the made
wind;
FromTaller
That
nature's
never
or stronger
chain
passion
whatever
than
discompos'd
thelink
weeds
youthe
strike,
they
mind.
shade?
Tenth
Butor
Or
allte
as
rgent
lemental
reaks fields
the strife;
chain
above,
And
alike.
Why
passions
And,
Jove's
if each
are
satellites
the
system
elements
are
in less
gradation
ofthan
life.Jove?
The
roll Alike
gen'ral
Of systems
essential
order,possible,
since
to th'the
amazing
if whole
'tis confest
whole,The
began,
That
Is ke
lW
nfinite
nd
ut in
is one,
kept
must
in
not
form
man.
all That
the
What
best,
system
would
Where
only,
thisall
but
man?
must
theNow
full
whole
or
upward
not
must
coherent
will
fall.he
Letsoar,
be,
earth
And
And
unbalanc'd
all
little
thatless
rises,
from
than
rise
her
angel,
inorbit
due
would
deg
fly, P
ooking
he
unsscale
rundownwards,
lawless
of reas'ning
through
just
life,as
the
'tisgriev'd
sky;
plainLet
There
appears
ruling
must
To
angels
want
be somewhere,
from
the strength
their spheres
such
of bulls,
a be
rank
hurl'd,
the
as fur
man:
Being
of And
bears.
onallbeing
Made
the quest
wrec
for h
reatures
'er
n world;
so long)
ifHeav'n's
he
Is call,
onlywhole
Say
this,what
iffoundations
God
their
hasuse,
plac'd
to
had
their
him
he wrong?
centre
the pow'rs
nod,
Respecting
ofAnd
all?nature
Nature
man,tremble
whatever
to these,
to without
wrong
the throne
we
profusion,
call,
of God.
May
roper
rder
ght, as
break—for
organs,
relativeproper
to
whom?
all. pow'rs
In human
for thee?
assign'd;
works,
Vile Each
worm!—Oh
though
seeming
labour'd
madness,
want
oncompensated
with
pride,
pain,
impiety!
A thousand
of course,
Whatmovements
ifHere
the with
foot ordain
degree
scarce
read,
here
ain; In
of
OrGod's,
force;
handone
All
to toil,
insingle
exact
aspir'd
can
proportion
its
to be
endthe
produce;
tohead?
the state;
What
Yet serves
Nothing
if thetohead,
to
second
add,
theand
too
eye,nothing
some
or ear
other
repin'd
to abate.
use.ToSo
Each
serve
man,
beast,
mere
who
he
rincipal
appy
ruling
in its
alone,
mind?
own:Perhaps
Just
Is Heav'n
as absurd
acts
unkind
second
for to
any
to
man,
part
some
and
tosphere
claim
man alone?
To
unknown,
be another,
ShallTouches
heinalone,
thissome
gen'ral
whom
wheel,
frame:
rational
or verges
Just
weas
call,
to
absu
so
Be
he
ut tasks
othing,
a partiforwe
not
pains,
see,
bless'd
and
Thewith
not
great
aall?
whole.
directing
The bliss
When
Mind
ofthe
man
of proud
All(could
ordains.
steed
pride
All
shall
that
areknow
but
blessing
parts
whyfind)
of
man
one
Isrestrains
not
stupendous
to act
Hisorfiery
whole
think
co
Nature
mankind;
im o'eris,the
No
andplains:
pow'rs
God the
When
of soul;
body
the
That,
ordull
of soul
chang’s
ox, why
to share,
through
now he
Butall,
breaks
what
andhis
the
yetnature
clod,
in all Is
the
and
now
same,
hisa state
victim,
Great
can
and
inbear.
the
now
earth,
Why
Egypt's
has
as i
Time Correlation
t=0
Awake, my St. John! leave all meaner things To low ambition, and the pride of kings. Let us (since life can little
more supply Than just to look about us and to die) Expatiate free o'er all this scene of man; A mighty maze! but
not without a plan; A wild, where weeds and flow'rs promiscuous shoot; Or garden, tempting with forbidden
fruit. Together let us beat this ample field, Try what the open, what the covert yield; The latent tracts, the giddy
heights explore Of all who blindly creep, or sightless soar; Eye Nature's walks, shoot folly as it flies, And catch the
manners living as they rise; Laugh where we must, be candid where we can; But vindicate the ways of God to
man. Say first, Right. Or man below, What can we reason, but from what we know? Of man what see we, but his
station here, From which to reason, or to which refer? Through worlds unnumber'd though the God be known,
'Tis ours to trace him only in our own. He, who through vast immensity can pierce, See worlds on worlds
compose one universe, Observe how system into system runs, What other planets circle other suns, What varied
being peoples ev'ry star, May tell why Heav'n has made us as we are. But of this frame the bearings, and the ties,
The strong connections, nice dependencies, Gradations just, has thy pervading soul Look'd through? or can a part
contain the whole? Is the great chain, that draws all to agree, And drawn supports, upheld by God, or thee?
Presumptuous man! the reason wouldst thou find, Why form'd so weak, so little, and so blind? First, if thou canst,
the harder reason guess, Why form'd no weaker, blinder, and no less! Ask of thy mother earth, why oaks are
ample range extends,
The scale
of sensual,
pow'rs
ascends:
how
it mounts,
to man's
race,Jove's
Fromsatellites
the green
made Taller
or stronger
thanmental
the weeds
they
shade?Mark
Or ask
of yonder
argent
fieldsimperial
above, Why
eopled grass: What
of Jove?
sight betwixt
eachpossible,
wide extreme,
The mole's
dim curtain,
andmust
the lynx's
Of Where
smell, the
are modes
less than
Of systems
if 'tis confest
That Wisdom
infinite
form beam:
the best,
all must
s between, And hound
sagacious
on the
tainted
green:
Of hearing,
from
the life
thatin
fills
flood,
To
that which
warbles
through
full or not
coherent
be, And
allAsk
that
rise
due
degree;
Then,
thethe
scale
of
life, Pride
'tis
plain
There
forrises,
what
endinthe
heav'nly
bodies
shine,
Earth
forreas'ning
whose
use?
answers,
" 'Tis for mine: For me
: The spider's touch,
exquisitely fine!
atas
each
thread,
and
lives
alongSuckles
the
line:
In
the
bee,
whatthis,
sense
so flow'r;
subtly
musthow
be somewhere,
suchFeels
a rank
man:
And
the
question
(wrangle
e'er
sonice
long)
Is only
if God
has plac'd
Nature
wakes
herall
genial
pow'r,
each
herb,
and
spreads
out
ev'ry
Annual for me, the grap
ous herbs extracts
healing
dew: Howman,
instiand,
himthe
wrong?
Respecting
and, spite of pride, in erring reason's spite, One truth is clear, Whatever is, is right. rose renew, The juice
ephant, with thine:
'Twixt
that,
and
reason,
what
a nice barrier;
Forbalmy
everscarce
sep'rate,
near!
Remembrance
though labour'd on with pain,nectareous,
A thousand
movements
purpose
gain;
God's,
one
singleand
can
its end
and
the
dew;one
Foryet
me,for
theever
mine
aInthousand
treasures
brings;
For me, health gushes f
llied; What thin partitions
sense
fromtothought
divide:
And
middle
natures,
to
Yet
pass
th' insuperable
produce; Yet
serves
secondthousand
too some
other
use.
Soroll
man,
whothey
herelong
seems
principal
alone,
Perhaps
actsearth,
second
springs;
Seas
tohow
waft
me,
suns
tojoin,
light
menever
rise;
My
foot-stool
my canopy the skies.“
s just gradation,to
could
they
be Subjected,
those,
or
allthis
toor
thee?
Thetoend,
pow'rs
of all
subdu'd
thee
Is not
thy
some
sphere
unknown,these
Touches
some from
wheel,
verges
some
goal;
'Tis
but
aby
part
wealone,
see,deaths
and
notdescend,
a whole.When earthquakes sw
nottoNature
gracious
From
burning
suns
when
livid
pow'rs in one? See,
through
this air,
thisshall
ocean,
andwhy
thisman
earth,
All matter
quick,
andgrave,
bursting
into
birth.
howWhen
high,
When
the proud
steed
know
restrains
His fiery
or drives
him
o'erAbove,
thethe
plains:
when
tempests
sweep
Towns
to course,
one
whole
nations
to
deep?
"No,the
('tisdull
replied) the first Almig
may go! Around, ox,
howwhy
wide!
deep extend
below!
Vast
chainnot
ofand
being,
which
God
began,
Natures
ethereal,
human,
nowhow
he breaks
the clod,
Is now
a Acts
victim,
Egypt's
God:
Then
shallTh'
man's
pride
and
dulness
Right
cause
by now
partial,
butfrom
by
gen'ral
laws;
exceptions
few;
some change since all began: An
st, bird, fish, insect!
what
no
eye
can
see,
No
glass
can
reach!
from
infinite
to
thee,
From
thee
to
nothing!—On
superior
pow'rs
comprehend His actions', passions',
use and end;
doing,
check'd,
impell'd;
and why
ThisNature deviates; and ca
createdbeing's,
perfect?"—Why
thenWhy
man?
If thesuff'ring,
great end
be human
happiness,
Then
s, inferior might hour
on ours:
Or inthe
thenext
full acreation
leave
amuch
void,
Where,
one
stepHeav'n
broken,
great scale's
destroy'd:
From nature's
a slave,
deity. less?
Then
say
not man's
imperfect,
inthe
fault;
As
that end
a constant
course
requires
Of show'rs
and sunshine,
as of man's desires; As muc
ink you strike, Tenth or ten thousandth, breakssprings
the chain
And,skies,
if eachAssystem
in ever
gradation
roll Alike
essential
to th'
amazingor earthquakes break
andalike.
cloudless
men for
temp'rate,
calm,
and wise.
If plagues
confusion but in one, not all That system only,Heav'n's
but the whole
Let
earth unbalanc'd
fromWho
her knows
orbit fly,
Planets
and suns
design,must
Whyfall.
then
a Borgia,
or a Catiline?
but
he, whose
hand the lightning forms,
ugh the sky; Let ruling angels from their spheres
be hurl'd,
Being and
on being
wreck'd,
worldPours
on world;
heaves
old ocean,
who wings
theand
storms,
fierceHeav'n's
ambitionwhole
in a Cæsar's mind, Or turns young A
heir centre nod, And nature tremble to the throne
of
God.
All
this
dread
order
break—for
whom?
for
thee?
Vile
worm!—Oh
loose to scourge mankind? From pride, from pride, our very reas'ning springs; Account for moral, as for
RINGO
Correlator
Output
Recording @4 Gbps
43,200 GB/day
Transmitting @1 Gbps
96 hours
Correlator
Output
St Croix
North Liberty, IA
Hancock, NH
Los Alamos, NM
Fort Davis, TX
Kitt Peak, AZ
Pie Town, NM
Brewster, WA
Owens Valley, CA
1 Gbps Cable ($1/ft)
• 11,500 miles
• $58 Million
1 Gbps service ($2000/mo)
• 10 sites year-round
• $240,000/yr
• Transfer time: 1.3 years/site
Correlator
Output
Socorro, NM
Mauna
Kea, HI
160 11-TB drives / site / year
• $4000 / site / year
• $40,000 / year
• Overnight service = 160 days
Correlator
Output