IPS-E-TP-350(1)
FOREWORD
The Iranian Petroleum Standards (IPS) reflect
the views of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum
and are intended for use in the oil and gas
production facilities, oil refineries, chemical and
petrochemical plants, gas handling and
processing installations and other such facilities.
IPS is based on internationally acceptable
standards and includes selections from the items
stipulated in the referenced standards. They are
also supplemented by additional requirements
and/or modifications based on the experience
acquired by the Iranian Petroleum Industry and
the local market availability. The options which
are not specified in the text of the standards are
itemized in data sheet/s, so that, the user can
select his appropriate preferences therein.
The IPS standards are therefore expected to be
sufficiently flexible so that the users can adapt
these standards to their requirements. However,
they may not cover every requirement of each
project. For such cases, an addendum to IPS
Standard shall be prepared by the user which
elaborates the particular requirements of the
user. This addendum together with the relevant
IPS shall form the job specification for the
specific project or work.
The IPS is reviewed and up-dated approximately
every five years. Each standards are subject to
amendment or withdrawal, if required, thus the
latest edition of IPS shall be applicable
The users of IPS are therefore requested to send
their views and comments, including any
addendum prepared for particular cases to the
following address. These comments and
recommendations will be reviewed by the
relevant technical committee and in case of
approval will be incorporated in the next revision
of the standard.
Standards and Research department
No.19, Street14, North kheradmand
Karimkhan Avenue, Tehran, Iran .
Postal Code- 1585886851
Tel: 88810459-60 & 66153055
Fax: 88810462
Email: Standards@nioc.org
‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﺎر‬
‫ ( ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه دﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬IPS ) ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
‫وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬،‫ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز‬
‫ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و ﻓﺮاورش ﮔﺎز و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت‬،‫ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺰﻳﺪهﻫﺎﻳﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎت‬.‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ در ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻛﺸﻮر و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻻ از ﺑﺎزار داﺧﻠﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاردي ﺑﻄﻮر ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ اﺻﻼﺣﻲ در اﻳﻦ‬،‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻴﺎز‬
‫ ﻣﻮاردي از ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در‬.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ آورده ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ در داده ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎره ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان آورده ﺷﺪه‬
.‫اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﺪه‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
.‫اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪيﻫﺎي ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ را‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي‬.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ‬.‫ﺧﺎص آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ آن ﭘﺮوژه‬،‫اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
.‫و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎر ﺧﺎص را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داد‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻫﺮ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎل ﻳﻜﺒﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و روزآﻣﺪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردي ﺣﺬف و ﻳﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﺑﻪ آن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ‬
.‫ﻫﻤﻮاره آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎ و‬،‫از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات اﺻﻼﺣﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮارد‬
‫ ﻧﻈﺮات و‬.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ارﺳﺎل ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺧﺎص ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدهاﻧﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ در ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و در‬
‫ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ در ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬
.‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻮﭼﻪ‬،‫ ﺧﺮدﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬،‫ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﻛﺮﻳﻤﺨﺎن زﻧﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮان‬،‫اﻳﺮان‬
19 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ﭼﻬﺎردﻫﻢ‬
‫اداره ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬
1585886851 : ‫ﻛﺪﭘﺴﺘﻲ‬
66153055 ‫ و‬88810459 - 60 : ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬
88810462 : ‫دور ﻧﮕﺎر‬
Standards@nioc.org
:‫ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
General Definitions:
Throughout this Standard
definitions shall apply.
the
following
Company :
Refers to one of the related and/or affiliated
companies of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum
such as National Iranian Oil Company, National
Iranian
Gas
Company,
and
National
Petrochemical Company etc.
Purchaser :
Means the “Company" Where this standard is
part of direct purchaser order by the “Company”,
and the “Contractor” where this Standard is a part
of contract documents.
Vendor And Supplier:
Refers to firm or person who will supply and/or
fabricate the equipment or material.
Contractor:
Refers to the persons, firm or company whose
tender has been accepted by the company,
Executor :
Executor is the party which carries out all or part
of construction and/or commissioning for the
project.
Inspector :
The Inspector referred to in this Standard is a
person/persons or a body appointed in writing by
the company for the inspection of fabrication and
installation work
Shall:
Is used where a provision is mandatory.
Should:
Is used where a provision is advisory only.
Will:
Is normally used in connection with the action
by the “Company” rather than by a contractor,
supplier or vendor.
May:
Is used where a provision is completely
discretionary.
: ‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
.‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
: ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ و واﺑﺴﺘﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ‬
‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬،‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﮔﺎز اﻳﺮان‬، ‫ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
.‫ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮه اﻃﻼق ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
:‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ "ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ" ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﺳﻔﺎرش‬
‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ آن "ﺷﺮﻛﺖ" ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ و ﻳﺎ "ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎري" ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ‬
. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﻗﺮارداد آن اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه و ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎي‬
. ‫ﻣﻮرد ﻟﺰوم ﺻﻨﻌﺖ را ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
:‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ وﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدش‬، ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺼﻪ وﻳﺎ ﻣﺰاﻳﺪه ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﻣﺠﺮي‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮي ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ اﺗﻼق ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از‬
.‫ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ و ﻳﺎ راه اﻧﺪازي ﭘﺮوژه را اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‬
:‫ﺑﺎزرس‬
‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎزرس ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ اﺗﻼق ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺒﺎً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
.‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺟﺒﺎري اﺳﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
:‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮورت اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
:‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
.‫ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
: ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
. ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺧﺘﻴﺎري ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
ENGINEERING STANDARD
FOR
LININGS
FIRST REVISION
JANUARY 2010
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ اول‬
1388 ‫دي‬
This Standard is the property of Iranian Ministry of Petroleum.
All rights are reserved to the owner. Neither whole nor any
part of this document may be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in
any form or by any means without the prior written consent of
the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum.
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺣﻘﻮق آن ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ‬.‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ آن ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬،‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ ﻳﺎ روش دﻳﮕﺮي در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻓﺮاد ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬،‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬،‫ﺳﺎزي‬
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
CONTENTS :
Page
No
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
: ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
1. SCOPE ..........................................................................4
4.................................................................... ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
2. REFERENCES...........................................................5
5.............................................................................. ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
3. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........11
11........................................................ ‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و اﺧﺘﺼﺎرات‬-3
3.1 Definitions ................................................... 11
11.................................................................. ‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‬1-3
3.2 Abbreviations......................................................15
15............................................................ ‫ اﺧﺘﺼﺎرات‬2-3
4. UNITS ...........................................................................16
16............................................................................ ‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-4
5. PURPOSE OF LINING ..........................................16
16.................................................. ‫ ﻫﺪف از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬-5
6. THE NEED FOR STANDARD ............................16
16.............................................................‫ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬-6
7. LINING DESIGN ......................................................17
17................................................... ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬-7
8. SELECTION OF LINING MATERIAL ...........49
49........................................... ‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬-8
9. THERMOPLASTIC RESIN LINING ...............68
68.............................. ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ رزﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬-9
10. THERMOSETTING RESIN LINING .............71
71................................................. ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ رزﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬-10
10.1 General ( See BS 6374 ) ........................... 71
71. (‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬BS 6374 ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ )ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬1-10
10.2 Thickness ...........................................................72
72............................................................... ‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬2 -10
10.3 Application of Thermosetting Resin Lining
(see also IPS-C-TP-352 Lining) ....................73
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻜﺎرﺑﺮدن ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ رزﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬3-10
73............... (‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-C-TP-352 ‫)ﺑــﻪ‬
11. RUBBER LINING ..................................................81
81........................................................... ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬-11
11.1 General ................................................................81
81....................................................................‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-11
11.2 Design Aspects for Rubber Linings ............83
83.. ‫ دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬2-11
11.3 Thickness of Rubber .......................................84
84................................................. ‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬3-11
11.4 Hardness of Rubber ........................................85
85................................................... ‫ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬4-11
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11.5 Application of Rubber Liners ......................85
85.............................. ‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬5-11
12. GLASS AND PORCELAIN LINING ..............86
86.................................. ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي و ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬-12
12.1 Glass Lining (Vitreous Enameling) ............86
86................. (‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﺸﻪ )ﻟﻌﺎب ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي‬1-12
12.2 Porcelain Lining ...............................................88
88............................................... ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮادﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬2-12
13. CERAMIC LINING ...............................................89
89............................................ ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬-13
13.1 General ................................................................89
89................................................................. ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-13
13.2 Ceramic Lining Thickness.............................91
91..................................‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬2-13
13.3 Application of Ceramic Lining ....................92
92........................ ‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬3-13
14. CHEMICAL-RESISTANT BRICK AND
TILE LINING ............................................................92
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻛﺎﺷﻲ و آﺟﺮي ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ‬-14
92.............................................................. ‫ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
14.1 General ................................................................92
92...................................................................‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬-1-14
14.2 Type of Brick Lining .......................................93
93................................... ‫ ﻧﻮع ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ آﺟﺮي‬2-14
14.3 Thickness of the Brick Lining ......................107
107........................... ‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ آﺟﺮي‬3-14
15. REFRACTORY LINING .....................................109
109.....................................................‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻧﺴﻮز‬-15
15.1 Refractory Bricks and Shapes Lining .......109
109................. ‫ آﺟﺮﻫﺎي ﻧﺴﻮز و اﻧﻮاع ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬1-15
15.2 Refractory Concrete Lining ..........................109
109...................................‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻧﺴﻮز‬2-15
16. CEMENT-MORTAR LINING...........................111
111........................................ ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬-16
16.1 General ................................................................111
111.................................................................. ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-16
16.2 Materials .............................................................112
112...................................................................... ‫ ﻣﻮاد‬2-16
16.3 Cement-Mortar Lining Thickness ..............114
114................ ‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬3-16
16.4 Application of Cement-Mortar Lining ......114
114.................... ‫ اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬4-16
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16.5 Typical Problems Experienced with
Cement-Lined Tubular Goods .....................115
‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎي ﻟﻮﻟﻪاي‬5-16
115.......................................... ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬
16.6 Shop Applied Cement-Mortar Lining .......117
117... ‫ اﺟﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬6-16
16.7 Field Applied Cement-Mortar Lining .......119
119.......‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬7-16
17. BITUMEN (ASPHALT) AND COAL TAR
LINING ........................................................................121
121........................ ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ )آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ( و ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر‬-17
17.1 General ................................................................121
121...................................................................‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-17
17.2 Thickness.............................................................127
127................................................................ ‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬2-17
APPENDICES:
:‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ‬
APPENDIX A CLADDING OF PRESSURE
VESSELS ............................................130
130............. ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ اﻟﻒ روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﻓﻠﺰي ﻇﺮوف ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
APPENDIX B CLADDING OF PIPELINE
(WITH CRA)* ....................................143
143....... *(CRA ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ب روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﻓﻠﺰي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )ﺑﺎ‬
APPENDIX C EFFECT OF LINING MATERIALS
ON WATER QUALITY .................147
147............ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ج ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ آب‬
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‫ﺟﺠﺠﺠﺠﺠﺠﺞ‬
‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
1. SCOPE
‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬1-1
This Engineering Standard covers the minimum
requirement for the lining which will be used in
equipment e.g. vessel, storage tank and pipe line.
(‫ ﻣﺨﺰن ذﺧﻴﺮه و ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬،‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻇﺮف‬
.‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
1.2 It is intended for use in refineries, petrochemical
plants, oil and gas plant and, where applicable, in
exploration, production and new ventures.
‫ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎت‬،‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ‬2-1
1.3 The Standard covers 30 nonmetallic lining
systems which are classified in following main
groups (see Table 6):
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻠﺰي‬30 ‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺣﺎوي‬3-1
،‫ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ و ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬،‫ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف‬،‫ ﻧﻔﺖ وﮔﺎز‬،‫ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬
.‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬6 ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ زﻳﺮ )ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره‬
:‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
a) Thermoplastic material
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺖ‬
b) Thermoset material
‫ب ( ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬
c) Rubbers
‫ج ( ﻣﻮاد ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ‬
d) Mineral and bitumen material
‫د ( ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ و ﻗﻴﺮي‬
1.4 The lining applies to equipment fabricated in
metal or concrete and both bonded and loose lining.
For the choice of lining option is open to the
specifier regarding the provisions of Section 8.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﻓﻠﺰ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ‬4-1
1.5 Requirements for design and fabrication of the
equipment and the state of preparation necessary for
the surfaces to be lined are specified in this
Standard.
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻟﺰوم آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي‬5-1
1.6 Guidance on metallic lining (cladding) of
pressure vessels and pipelines are included in
Appendices of A and B, while the Appendix C
includes hardness comparison chart for plastics and
rubbers. The test procedure for effect of lining
materials on drinking water quality is given in
Appendix D.
‫ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ )اﻟﻒ( و )ب( ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻓﻠﺰي )روﻛﺶ‬6-1
1.7 Application of lining shall be in accordance with
IPS-C-TP-352.
IPS-C-TP- ‫ اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬7-1
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻮع‬.‫ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪه و ﻫﻢ آزاد اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬8 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻨﺪرج در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
.‫ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬،‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻓﻠﺰي( ﻇﺮوف ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر و ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻮده ﺿﻤﻦ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ )ج( ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺪول ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚﻫﺎ و‬
‫ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬.‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ روي ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ آب ﺷﺮب در ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ )د( آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬352
:1 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 1:
This standard specification is reviewed and updated
by the relevant technical committee on Aug 2004, as
amendment No. 1 by circular No.246.
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ‬1382 ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در ﻣﺮداد ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و روز آﻣﺪ ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻮارد ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬
.‫ اﺑﻼغ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬246 ‫ ﻃﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬1 ‫اﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
Note 2:
This bilingual standard is a revised version of the
standard specification by the relevant technical
committee on Junaury 2009, which is issued as
revision(1). Revision (0) of the said standard
specification is withdrawn.
:2 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
‫ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻓﻮق‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد دو زﺑﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬1387‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در دي ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
‫ از اﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ‬.‫( اراﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‬1) ‫ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
.‫( اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﺴﻮخ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬0) ‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
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:3 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 3:
‫ ﻣﺘﻦ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬،‫در ﺻﻮرت اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ و اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﻼك ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
In case of conflict between Farsi and English
languages, English language shall govern.
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
2. REFERENCES
Throughout this Standard the following dated and
undated standards/codes are referred to. These
referenced documents shall, to the extent specified
herein, form a part of this standard. For dated
references, the edition cited applies. The
applicability of changes in dated references that
occur after the cited date shall be mutually agreed
upon by the Company and the Vendor. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced
documents (including any supplements and
amendments) applies
‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار و‬
‫ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي ﻛﻪ در‬، ‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬. ‫ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ زﻳﺮ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮرداﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ‬
‫ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ‬،‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار‬. ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺪه ﻣﻼك ﺑﻮده و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ در آﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ و ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬،‫داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ‬، ‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬.‫اﺟـــﺮا ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ اﻧﻀﻤﺎم ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﺻﻼﺣﺎت و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي آن ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
API (AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTI-TUTE)
(‫ )ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬API
API 1631
‫"ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ و ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ‬
‫ذﺧﻴﺮه‬
‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬
‫دورهاي‬
"‫زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن و ﻣـﻮاد‬
"‫ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎري ﭼﺎه‬
"Interior Lining and Periodic
Inspection of Underground
StorageTanks"
API 10 A
"Specification for Cement
and Materials
Cementing"
for
Well
API 5L
"Specification for Line Pipe"
API 5L 7
"Recommended Practices for
Unprimed Internal Fusion
Bonded Epoxy Coating of
Line Pipe"
API 5L X
"High- Test Line Pipe"
"Specification for CorrosionResisting Chromium Steel
Clad Plate"
ASME-SA-264
"Specification for Stainless
Chromium-Nickel
Clad Plate, Sheet"
ASME-SA-265
API-10A
"‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
API- 5L
‫"ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﺠﻮﺷﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺧﻂ‬
"‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
"‫"ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ‬
API- 5L7
API- 5LX
(‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ASME
ASME (AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS)
ASME-SA-263
API-1631
Steel-
"Specification for Nickel
and Nickel –Base AlloyClad Steel Plate ASTM
A265-94a"
5
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ورق روﻛﺶ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮم دار ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
"‫ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬
،‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ورق روﻛﺶ‬
"‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮم ﻧﻴﻜﻞ دار زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن‬
ASME-SA-263
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ورق روﻛﺶ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻻدي ﻧﻴـﻜﻞ و آﻟﻴﺎژ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ‬
ASTM ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
"A265-94a
ASME-SA-265
ASME-SA-264
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
ASME-SA-578
‫"آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﻣﻮاج ﻣﺎوراء ﺻﻮت‬
‫ورقﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺳﺎده و روﻛﺶ‬
"‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد وﻳﮋه‬
"Straight Beam Ultrasonic
Examination of Plain and
Clad Steel Plates for
Special Application"
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨـﻲ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ اﻟﻜﺘﺮودﻫﺎ و‬،‫ﺳﻴﻢ ﺟﻮشﻫﺎ‬
"‫ﻓﻠﺰات ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
"Material Specifications for
Welding Rods, Electrodes
and Filler Metals"
"‫"آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺨﺮب‬
"Nondestructive Examination"
‫"روﺷﻬﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎ ذرات‬
"(mt) ‫ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬
"Methods
for Magnetic
Particle Examination (mt)"
ASME-Sec. VIII D.1-APP.8
ASME-Sec.VIII.D.1-APP.8
‫"روﺷﻬﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺎﻓﺬ‬
"(pt)
"Methods
for
Liquid
Penetrate Examination (pt)"
ASME-Sec. IX –Part 1-5
ASME-Sec. IX Part 1-5
‫و‬
"Welding Procedure and the
Welder Qualifications"
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻮﻻد‬
ASTM-A-106
‫ﺳﺎده ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﺪون درز ﺑﺮاي‬
"‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد در دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي‬ASTM-A-137(1943)
‫اﺗﺼﺎل دو ﻟﺒﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي‬
‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻮار ﻓﻠﺰي و ﭼﻜﺶ‬
"‫ﻛﺎري‬
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻮﻻدي‬
ASTM-A-185
‫ ﺑﺮاي‬،‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺪون آج‬
"‫ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ و‬،‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ورق‬
ASTM-A-240
‫ﻧﻮار ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن ﻛﺮم و ﻛﺮم‬
‫ﻧﻴﻜﻞ دار ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬
"‫ﻇﺮوف ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
"Specification for Seamless
Carbon Steel Pipe for HighTemperature Service"
ASTM-A-137(1943) "Standard Specification for
Lock-Bar Steel Pipe"
"Specification for Steel
Welded Wire, Fabric, Plain,
for Concrete Reinforcement"
ASTM-A-240
"Specification for HeatResisting Chromium and
Chromium-Nickel Stainless
Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
for Pressure Vessels"
ASTM-A-262
"Practices
‫"دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬
"‫ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎران‬
(‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ آزﻣﻮن و ﻣﻮاد آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ASTM
ASTM (AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING
AND MATERIALS)
ASTM-A-185
ASME- Sec. V
ASME-Sec.VIII-D.1-APP.6
ASME-Sec.VIII.D.1-APP.6
ASTM-A-106
ASME-SA-578
ASME-Sec-II partC
ASME-Sec. II Part C
ASME-Sec. V
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫"آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ داﻧﻪاي ﻓﻮﻻدﻫﺎي‬
"‫زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن آﺳﺘﻴﻨﺘﻲ‬
for Detecting
Susceptibility
to
Intergranular Attack in
Austenitic Stainless Steel"
6
ASTM-A-262
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
ASTM-A-283
"Specification for Low and
Intermediate
Tensile
Strength Carbon Steel
Plates"
ASTM-A-285
"Specification for Pressure
Vessel Plates Carbon Steel,
Low and IntermediateTensile Strength"
ASTM-A-314
"Standard Specification for
Stainless Steel Billets and
Bares for Forging"
ASTM-A-424
"Specification
Sheet
for
Enameling"
for Steel
Porcelain
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ورق ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻد‬
‫ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎم ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻛﻢ‬
"‫و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
ASTM-A-283
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ورقﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻد ﺳﺎده‬
‫ ﺑﺎ‬،‫ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﻇﺮوف ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
"‫اﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎم ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻛﻢ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
ASTM-A-285
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ﺷﻤﺶﻫﺎ و ﻣﻴﻠﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي زﻧﮓ‬
"‫ﻧﺰن ﺑﺮاي آﻫﻨﮕﺮي‬
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ورق ﻓﻮﻻدي‬
"‫ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻌﺎب ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬
ASTM-A-314
ASTM-A-424
‫ "ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨــﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ASTM-A-497/497M
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي‬
"‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ورق ﻫﺎي‬
ASTM-A-516
‫ﻓﻮﻻدي ﻛﺮﺑﻦ دار ﻇﺮوف ﺗﺤﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎر در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
"‫و ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ‬
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻴﻠﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻد‬
ASTM-A-575
"‫ﺳﺎده ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺗﺠﺎري‬
ASTM-A-497/ 497M "Standard Specification for
Steel
Welded
Wire
Reinforcement, Deformed,
for Concrete"
ASTM-A-516
"Specification for Pressure
Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel,
for Moderate and LowerTemperature Service"
ASTM-A-575
"Specification for Steel
Bars, Carbon, Merchant
Quality"
ASTM-B-432
"Copper and Copper Alloy
Clad Steel Plate"
‫"ورق ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﺎ روﻛﺶ ﻣﺲ و‬
"‫آﻟﻴﺎژ ﻣﺲ‬
ASTM-B-432
ASTM-C-27
"Classification of Fire Clay
‫"ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺧﺎك ﻧﺴﻮز و‬
"‫آﺟﺮﻧﺴﻮز ﺑﺎ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
ASTM-C-27
and
High-Alumina
Refractory Brick"
ASTM-C-33
"Specification for Concrete
Aggregates"
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ داﻧﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬
"‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
ASTM-C-33
ASTM-C-35
"Specification for Inorganic
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ داﻧﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﮔﭻ‬
"‫ﻛﺎري‬
"‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ‬
ASTM-C-35
ASTM-C-150
"‫"ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي آﺟﺮﻧﺴﻮز ﻋﺎﻳﻖ‬
ASTM-C-155
Aggregate for Use
Gypsum Plaster"
in
ASTM-C-150
"Specification for Portland
Cement"
ASTM-C-155
"Classification of Insulating
Fire Brick"
7
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
ASTM-C-494
"Specification for Chemical
Admixture for Concrete"
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
"‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
ASTM-C-581
"Standard Practice for Deter-
‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ رزﻳﻦﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﻟﻴﺎف‬
"‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪاي در ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
ASTM-C-581
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
"‫ﻛﻮارﺗﺰ ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
ASTM-C-616
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ذﻏﺎل‬
‫ﺳﻨﮓ و ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎم ﻳﺎ ﭘﻮزوﻻن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
"‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻨﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺑﺘﻦ‬
ASTM-C-618
‫"ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ و آﻣﺎده ﻛﺮدن ﭼﺪن‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻌﺎب‬
"‫ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫"روش آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻪ روش‬
‫ﺧﻮاص ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
"‫ﻛﻨﮕﺮهاي ﭘﻮزي و ﺟﻮﻧﺰ‬
‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
"‫ﻣﻌﺮفﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
ASTM-C-660
mining Chemical Resistance
of Thermosetting Resins
Used
in
Glass-FiberReinforced
Structures
Intended for Liquid Service"
ASTM-C-616
"Standard Specification for
Quartz-Based
Stone"
ASTM-C-618
Dimension
"Standard Specification for
Coal Fly Ash & Raw or
Calcined Natural Pozzolan
for Use in Concrete"
ASTM-C-660
"Production and Preparation
of Gray-Iron Casting for
Porcelain Enameling"
ASTM-D-531
"Standard Test Method for
Rubber Property –Pusey and
Jones Indentation"
"Standard
ASTM-D-543
Practices
for
Evaluating the Resistance of
Plastics
to
Chemical
Reagents"
ASTM-D-785
"Test Method for Rockwell
Hardness of
Electrical
Material"
ASTM-D-1415
Plastic and
Insulating
"Test Method for Rubber
Property-International
Hardness"
ASTM-D-2240
"Test Method for Rubber
Property-Durometer
Hardness"
ASTM-G-28
"Standard Test Method of
Detecting Susceptibility to
Intergranular Corrosion in
Wrought,
Nickel-Rich,
Chromium- Bearing Alloys"
ASTM-G-48
"Test Method for Pitting and
Crevice Corrosion Resistance
of Stainless Steel and Related
ASTM-D-531
ASTM-D-543
‫"روش آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ راﻛﻮل ﺑﺮاي‬
" ‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ و ﻣﻮاد ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ‬
ASTM-D-785
‫"روش آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﻮاص ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ‬
"‫روش ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ‬
ASTM-D-1415
‫"آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﻮاص ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ روش‬
"‫ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ دوروﻣﺘﺮي‬
ASTM-D-2240
‫"روش آزﻣﻮن اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ درون‬
‫ﺑﻠﻮري در آﻟﻴﺎژﻫﺎي ﻛﺎر ﺷﺪه )ﻛﻢ‬
"‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ( ﻏﻨﻲ از ﻧﻴﻜﻞ و ﻛﺮوم دار‬
ASTM-G-28
‫"روش آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ‬
ASTM-G-48
‫ﻧﺰن و آﻟﻴﺎژﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬
8
ASTM-C-494
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
Alloys by The Use of Ferric
Chloride Solution"
AWWA
(AMERICAN
ASSOCIATION)
WATER
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺣﻔﺮهاي و ﺷﻴﺎري ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
"‫از ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ آﻫﻦ‬
(‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ اﻣﻮر آب آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬AWWA
WORKS
AWWA-C-210
"Liquid- Epoxy Coating
Systems for the Interior and
Exterior of Steel Water
Pipelines"
‫ "ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬AWWW-C-210
‫ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ و ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
"‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻮﻻدي آب‬
AWWA-C-213
"Fusion-Bonded
Epoxy
Coating for the Interior of
Steel Water Pipelines"
‫ "ﭘﻮﺷﺶ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﺠﻮﺷﻲ‬AWWA-C-213
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺨﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
"‫ﻓﻮﻻدي آب‬
(‫ )ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ‬WHO
WHO ( WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION)
‫"رﻫﻨﻤﻮدﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ آب‬
"‫آﺷﺎﻣﻴﺪﻧﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ اول‬
"Guidelines for Drinking
Water Quality Vol.1"
(‫ )ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬BSI
BSI (BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION)
BSEN 545
"Ductile Iron Pipes, Fittings,
Accessories and their Joints
for
Water
Pipelines
,Requirements and Test
Methods”
BSEN 598
"Ductile Iron Pipes, Fittings
Accessories and their Joints
for Sewerage Application,
Requirements
and
Test
Methods”
BSEN 969
"Specification for Ductile
Iron
Pipes,
Fittings,
Accessories and their Joints
for
Gas
Pipelines
Requirements
and
Test
Methods "
،(‫"ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي داﻛﺘﻴﻞ )ﭼﺪن ﭼﻜﺶ ﺧﻮار‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎت و اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي‬
"‫ و روﺷﻬﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬،‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي آب‬
BS EN 545
‫"ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي داﻛﺘﻴﻞ )ﭼﺪن ﭼﻜﺶ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎت و اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬،(‫ﺧﻮار‬
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت و‬،‫ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻓﺎﺿﻼب‬
"‫روﺷﻬﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
BS EN 598
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي داﻛﺘﻴﻞ )ﭼﺪن‬
‫ ﻣﻮرد‬،‫ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎت اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬،(‫ﭼﻜﺶ ﺧﻮار‬
،‫ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﺎز‬
"‫و روﺷﻬﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
BS EN 969
BS 3416
BS 3416
"Bitumen –Based Coatings
for
Cold
Application
Suitable for Use in Contact
with Potable Water"
‫"ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻗﻴﺮي ﺳﺮد اﺟﺮاء‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ آب‬
"‫ﺷﺮب‬
BS 470
"Inspection, Access and
Entry Opening for Pressure
Vessels"
‫"ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ درﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ و‬
"‫ورودي ﻇﺮوف ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
BS 470
BS 6374
"Lining of Equipment with
Polymeric Materials for The
Process Industries"
‫"ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات در ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬
"‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮي‬
BS 6374
9
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
Part 1:
"For Lining with Sheet
Applied Thermoplastics"
"‫"ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ورق ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺖ‬
:1 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
Part 2:
"For Lining with Non-Sheet
Applied Thermoplastics"
‫"ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ورق‬
"‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺖ‬
:2 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
Part 3:
"For Lining with Stoved
Thermosetting Resins"
‫"ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻌﺎبﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬
"‫ﻛﻮرهاي‬
:3 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
Part 4:
"For Lining with Cold
Curing
Thermosetting
Resins"
‫"ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ رزﻳﻦﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬
"‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪه در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺮد‬
:4 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
Part 5:
"For Lining with Rubbers"
"‫"ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻬﺎ‬
:5 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
BS 8007
"Design
of
Concrete
Structures for Retaining
Aqueous Liquids"
‫"ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
"‫ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪاﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت آب دار‬
BS 8007
BS 8110
"Structural Use of Concrete"
"‫"ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﺎزهاي ﺑﺘﻦ‬
BS 8110
Part 1:
"Structural Use of Concrete:
Code of Practice for Design
and Construction"
‫ "آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ‬:‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﺎزهاي ﺑﺘﻦ‬
"‫ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
:1 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
Part 2:
"Structural Use of Concrete:
Code of Practice for Special
Circumstances "
‫"آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
:‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﺎزه اي ﺑﺘﻦ‬
"‫اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺣﺎﻻت ﺧﺎص‬
:2 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
Part 3:
"Structural Use of Concrete:
Design Charts for Singly
Reinforced Beams, Doubly
Reinforced
Beams
and
Rectangular Columns "
‫ "ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎي‬:‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﺎزه اي ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻴﺮآﻫﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪه‬
"‫ ﺟﻔﺘﻲ و ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺗﻜﻲ‬
:3 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي‬
(‫ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬IPS
IPS (IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS)
IPS-C-TP-101
"Construction Standard for
Surface Preparation"
‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺮاي آﻣﺎده‬
"‫ﺳﺎزي ﺳﻄﺢ‬
IPS-C-TP-101
IPS-C-TP-352
"Construction Standard for
Lining"
‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺼﺐ‬
"‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
IPS-C-TP-352
IPS-E-TP-760
"Engineering Standard for
Corrosion Consideration in
Design"
‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺎ درﻧﻈﺮ‬
"‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
IPS-C
E--TP-760
(‫ )ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ISO
ISO (INTERNATIONAL STANDARD-IZATION
FOR ORGANIZATION)
ISO 8501-1
‫"آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻮﻻدي‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ از رﻧﮓ آﻣﻴﺰي و ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ– ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﭼﺸﻤﻲ ﺗﻤﻴﺰي‬
‫ ﻣﻴﺰان زﻧﮓ‬:1‫ﺳﻄﺢ – ﺑﺨﺶ‬
"Preparation
of
Steel
Substrates before Application
of Paints and Related
Products- Visual Assessment
of Surface Cleanliness – Part
1:
Rust
Grades
and
10
ISO-8501-1
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
Preparation
Grades
of
Uncoated Steel Substrates
After Overall Removal of
Previous Coatings"
NACE
(NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION
CORROSION ENGINEERS)
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫زدﮔﻲ و آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻮﻻد‬
‫ﺑﺪون ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ‬
"‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‬
(‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬NACE
OF
NACE-6H160
"Glass Lining and Vitreous
Enamels"
‫"ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي و‬
"‫ﻟﻌﺎﺑﻬﺎي از ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
NACE-6H160
NACE-6K157
"Acid
Proof
Vessel
Construction
with
Membrane
and Brick
Lining"
‫"ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻇﺮف ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫اﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻏﺸﺎء و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
"‫آﺟﺮي‬
NACE-6K157
‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و اﺧﺘﺼﺎرات‬-3
3. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
3.1 Definitions
‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‬1-3
Blister:
:‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن‬
‫ﺣﻔﺮه ﭘﺮﺷﺪه از ﮔﺎز ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ در ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ و‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻠﺰ‬
A gas or liquid filled cavity within the lining material
or between the lining and substrate
Cermet:
A group of composite materials consisting of an
intimate mixture of ceramic and metallic components.
: ‫ﺳﺮﻣﻴﺖ‬
‫ از‬،‫ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮوه از ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻲ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎﻫﻢ‬
. ‫ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ و ﻓﻠﺰ‬
:‫ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ‬
Ceramic:
‫ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺪون ﻟﻌﺎب دار ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ‬،‫ﻣﻮاد ﻟﻌﺎبدار‬
‫ ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻠﺰي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬،‫ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﻪ اﺳﺎﺳﺎً از ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺪه و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮد ﻛﺮدن ﺗﻮده ﻣﺬاب ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ در آﻣﺪه ﻳﺎ‬
.‫ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻓﺮآوري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
Articles with a glazed or unglazed body of crystalline
or partly crystalline structure or of glass, produced
from essentially inorganic, non-metallic substances
and formed either from a molten mass solidified on
cooling, or simultaneously or subsequently matured
by the action of the heat.
:‫ﻣﻼت رزﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
Chemical Resistant Resin Mortar:
‫ ﻣﺎده ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬،‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ از ﻣﺎده رزﻳﻨﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ ﻣﻼﺗﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺪود و ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد‬،‫ ﻣﺎده اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ‬،‫ﺷﺪه‬
.‫ﻣﻲآورد ﻛﻪ در اﺛﺮ ﻓﻌﻞ و اﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻت ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
An intimate mixture of liquid resinous material,
selected filler material, and setting agent forming a
trowel able mortar that hardens by chemical reaction.
:‫روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي‬
Cladding:
‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ‬، ‫ورق ﻓﻠﺰي ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﺟﻬﺖ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دوام ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺧﻮاص ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮاد دﻳﮕﺮ‬
.‫)ﺑﻨﺎم زﻳﺮ آﻳﻨﺪ( ﻣﻲﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪ‬
Sheet of metal or other material bonded electrically,
mechanically , or through other process to another
metal or material (called substrate) to enhance its
durability or other properties.
:‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر‬
Contractor:
،‫ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻻ‬،‫ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬،‫ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
‫ راه اﻧﺪازي ﻳﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮوژه و ﻳﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري را‬،‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
‫ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از وﻇﺎﻳﻒ‬.‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‬
.‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪه ﮔﻴﺮد‬
The party which carries out all or part of the design,
engineering,
procurement,
construction,
commissioning or management of a project or
operation of a facility. The Company may undertake
all or part of the duties of the Contractor.
11
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
:(‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ )ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬
Company:
‫ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮوژه را ﺷﺮوع ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ و ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎً ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و‬
‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ‬.‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ را ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﺎور و ﻳﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه‬.‫را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﻛﺮد‬
.‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ از ﻃﺮف ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The party which initiates the project and ultimately
pays for its design and construction. The Company
will generally specify the technical requirements. The
principal may also include an agent or consultant
authorized to act for and on behalf of the Company.
:‫ﻃﺮاح‬
Designer:
‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و‬
.‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﭘﺮوژه را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
Person or party responsible for all or part of design
and engineering of project.
:‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ‬
Dew Point:
.‫دﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر آب ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
The temperature at which moisture will condense.
:‫ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬
Fabricator:
‫ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت را ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺎ ﻟﻐﺖ‬.‫وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ دارد‬
The party which manufactures components to
perform the duties specified by the Company. It is
generally considered to be synonymous with the term
manufacturer.
:‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن آﺑﻲ‬
Hydraulic Cement:
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ آب ﻓﻌﻞ و اﻧﻔﻌﺎل ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﻔﺖ و‬
.‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪه و ﻗﺎدر اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ را در زﻳﺮ آب اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‬
Cement that sets and hardens by chemical interaction
with water and capable of doing so under water.
:‫ﺑﺎزرس‬
Inspector:
‫ﺑﺎزرس ﻳﺎ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬
‫ ﺣﺪود اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات ﺑﺎزرس ﻳﺎ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس‬.‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪه او ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻳﺎ‬.‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ وﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ او ﻣﺤﻮل ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
The inspector or engineer employed by the Purchaser
and acting as the purchaser’s representative, the
inspector’s or engineer’s respective assistants
properly authorized and limited to the particular
duties assigned to them, or the Purchaser acting as the
inspector.
.‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺎزرس ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
:‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
Glass:
‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻣﺬاب ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ را ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪون ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎل ﺷﺪن ﺳﺮد و‬
.‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‬
Inorganic fusion product that has cooled to a rigid
condition without crystallizing.
:‫ﻛﻒ روي ﺑﺘﻦ‬
Laitance:
‫ﻛﻒ ﺷﻴﺮي رﻧﮓ روي ﺑﺘﻦ ﺗﺎزه‬
A milky white deposit on new concrete.
:‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
Lining:
‫ﻫﺮ ورق ﻳﺎ ﻻﻳﻪ از ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
.‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﺎر ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪه و ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ و ﻧﻤﺎي آن را ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺮد‬
Any sheet or layer of material attached directly to the
inside face of form work to improve or after quality
and surface texture.
:‫ﺣﺒﺎب‬
Lump:
ً‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬،‫در ﻟﻌﺎب ﻫﺎي ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮآﻣﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺪور در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﻌﺎب‬
.‫ﻳﻚ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ‬
In porcelain enamels, a rounded projection in the
enamel surface, usually a defect.
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:‫ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﭘﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﻟﻌﺎب ﭼﻴﻨﻲ و اﻳﺠﺎد زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻳﻚ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻟﺤﺎظ‬
.‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
Orange Peel:
A surface condition characterized by an irregular
waviness of the porcelain enamel resembling an
orange skin in texture, sometimes considered a defect.
:‫ﺣﻔﺮه رﻳﺰ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺣﻔﺮه ﻛﻮﭼﻚ در ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺰ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮاي آن ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد‬
.‫آﻳﺪ‬
Pinhole:
A small defect in the lining that would permit
corrosion of the substrate under the conditions for
which the lining is designed.
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫ ﻫــﻢ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬Pore ‫ و‬Holiday ‫ ﺑـــﺎ ﻟﻐﺎت‬Pinhole ‫ﻟﻐﺖ‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The word ’pinhole’ is synonymous with ’holiday’ and
’pore’.
:‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
Plastic:
‫ﻣﺎده اي ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎده ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮي ﺑﻮده و در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻼن ﺑــﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ در‬
. ‫ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ‬
A material that contains as an essential ingredient a
high polymer and which at some stage in its processing
into finished products can be shaped by flow.
:‫ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬
Porcelain:
‫ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي ﺑﺮاق ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﺑﺮاق ﻛﻪ از ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ و‬
.‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ در ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Glazed or unglazed vitreous ceramic whiteware
matured like ceramic and glazed together in the same
firing operation.
:‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ‬
Portland Cement :
،‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻜﺮ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﻠﻜﺎت آﺑﺪار‬
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﺎت و ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ دو ﻧﻮع از ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺎده اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
Ground clinker generally consisting of hydraulic
calcium silicates and aluminates and usually
containing one or more forms of calcium sulfate as an
interground additive"
:‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﭘﻮدر آﻟﻲ‬
Powder Organic Coating:
‫ رزﻳﻦ ﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ رﻧﮓ داﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﻮدر روي ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻠﺰ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد و ذوب ﺷﺪه‬
.‫و ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢ و ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪه در ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ‬
A product containing pigments, resins and other
additives which is applied in the form of a powder on
to a metallic substrate and is fused to form a coherent
continuous finish.
:‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﻮزوﻻن‬
Pozzolan :
‫ﻣﺎده ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ و آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ارزش‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﻮدر ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻧﺮم در ﻣﺠﺎورت‬
‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ در دﻣﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻓﻌﻞ و اﻧﻔﻌﺎل‬
،‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم داده ﺗﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮاص ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آورد‬
.‫ﭘﻮزوﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ و ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ وﺟﻮد دارﻧﺪ‬
A siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material that in
itself possesses little or no cementitious value but
that will, in finely divided form and in the presence of
moisture, chemically react with calcium hydroxide at
ordinary temperatures to form compounds having
cementitious properties; there are both natural and
artificial pozzolans.
:‫اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻢ‬/‫ﻛﻮارﺗﺰ‬
Quartz/Silica:
‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ و اﻧﻔﻌﺎل ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﺗﺘﺮاﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ذوب اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻛـــﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑـــﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
.‫داﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮارﺗﺰ ﻳﺎ اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻢ ذوب ﺷﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Glass made either by flame hydrolysis of silicon
tetrachloride or by melting silica, usually in the form
of granular quartz, i.e. fused silica.
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IPS-E-TP-350(1)
:‫ﻣﻮاد ﻧﺴﻮز‬
Refractories:
‫ﻣﻮاد ﻧﺴﻮز ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻠﺰي ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮاص ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ و ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎ‬
‫و ﻳﺎ اﺟﺰاء ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺣﺪود‬
‫ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﻗﺮار دارد‬1000) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬500
.‫ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
Non-metallic materials with chemical and physical
properties applicable for structures and system
components
exposed
to
high
temperature
environments about 500°C (1000°F).
:‫رزﻳﻦ‬
Resin:
‫ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎده آﻟﻲ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮم‬،‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎده ﺟﺎﻣﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺨﺺ و اﻏﻠﺐ زﻳﺎد داﺷﺘﻪ و زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض‬
،‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮد ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻼن از ﺧﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً داﻣﻨﻪ ﻧﺮم ﻳـــﺎ ذوب ﺷﺪن داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺳﻄﻮح ﺷﻜﺴﺖ آن‬
‫ در ﻳﻚ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم وﺳﻴﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ‬.‫داراي ﭘﺴﺘﻲ و ﺑﻠﻨﺪي اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ اﺗﻼق ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬،‫ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮي ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎده اوﻟﻴﻪ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ اﺳﺖ‬
A solid, semisolid, or pseudo solid organic material
that has an indefinite and often high relative
molecular mass, exhibits a tendency to flow when
subjected to stress, usually has a softening or melting
range and, usually fractures conchoidally. In a broad
sense, the term is used to designate any polymer that
is a basic material for plastics.
:‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
Rubber:
‫ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮاص ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ )ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﻨﺶ داﺷﺘﻪ( و ﺑﻌﺪ از‬
‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﮔﻮﮔﺮدي ﻳﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻋﺮﺿﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻪ در ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ از ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ اﺛﺮ‬
‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻳﺎ‬.‫دارﻧﺪ داراي ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ارﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬1000 ‫ﻛﺸﺶ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ از ﭼﻨﺪ ﺻﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
Any of a number of natural of synthetic high
polymers having unique properties of deformation
(Elongation or yield under stress) and elastic recovery
after vulcanization (q .v ) with sulfur or other cross
Linking agent , which in effect changes the polymer
from thermoplastic to thermo setting . The yield or
stretch of the vulcanized material rages from a few
hundred to over 1000 per cent .
:‫ﺷﻜﻢ دادن‬
Sagging:
‫( ﻧﻘﺼﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺧﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻄﻮط در ﺳﻄﻮح‬1
1) A defect characterized by a wavy line or lines
appearing on those surfaces of porcelain enamel
that have been fired in a vertical position.
‫ﻟﻌﺎب ﻫﺎي ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻮدي ﺣﺮارت داده ﺷﺪه‬
.‫اﺳﺖ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫( ﻧﻘﺼﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺧﻤﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ‬2
2) A defect characterized by irreversible
downward bending in an article insufficiently
supported during the firing cycle.
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ در ﺟﺴﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ در ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
.‫ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
:‫ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﺨﺖ‬
Stone Ware:
‫ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺷﻴﺸﻪاي داراي ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻇﺮﻳﻒ‬
.‫ﻛﻪ اﺻﻮﻻً از ﺧﺎك ﻏﻴﺮ ﻧﺴﻮز ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Vitreous or semi-vitreous ceramics of fine texture
made primarily from non-refractory fire clay,
‫ﻧﻴﻤﺮخ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
Surface Profile:
‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻤﻮدي ﺳﻄﺢ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي زﺑﺮي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﻤﻴﺰ‬
‫ ﻋﻤﻖ‬. ‫ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺗﺎب ﻣﻮاد ﺳﺎﻳﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ آن ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫زﺑﺮي اﻧﺪازه ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﮔﻮدي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺎري ﺗﺎ‬
. ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻮك ﻳﺎ ﻗﻠﻪ آن ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Surface profile is a measurement of the roughness of
the surface which results from abrasive blast cleaning.
The height of the profile produced on the surface is
measured from the bottoms of the lowest valleys to
the tops of the highest peaks.
:‫ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ‬
Tearing:
‫ﻧﻘﺺ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﻌﺎب ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮش ﻫﺎ و ﺗﺮك ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬
.‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
A defect in the surface of porcelain enamel,
characterized by short breaks or cracks which have
been healed.
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:‫ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺖ‬
Thermoplastic Material:
‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ در داﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻜﺮراً ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮارت ﻧﺮم‬
‫ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﻮده و‬.‫و ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮد ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺑﺎ روش ذوب و ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﻪ اﺷﻜﺎل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ آﻣﺪ‬
A plastic that repeatedly will soften by heating and
harden by cooling within a temperature range
characteristic for the plastic. In the softened state it
can be shaped by flow into articles, e.g. by
molding/extrusion.
:‫ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬
Thermosetting Material:
‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ و‬
.‫ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ روش ﻫﺎ اﺳﺎﺳﺎً ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ذوب و ﻧﺎﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
A plastic being substantially infusible and insoluble
after curing by heat or other means.
‫ اﺧﺘﺼﺎرات‬2-3
3.2 Abbreviations
BR
Polybutadiene Rubber
CSM
Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (Chlorinated
Rubber)
CR
Chloroprene Rubber
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﭘﻠﻲ ﺑﻮﺗﺎدﻳﻦ‬
‫)ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
ECTFE Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoro-Ethylene
EPDM
Ethylene-Propylene Diene Monomer
EPR
Ethylene-propylene Rubber
EVA
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate
FEP
Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene Copolymer
FKM
Fluorinated Rubber (Polymethylene Type)
IIR
Butyl Rubber
IR
Synthetic Polyisoprene
NBR
Nitrile Rubber
NR
Natural Rubber (Poly isoprene)
PA
‫ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮﻧﺎت ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
(‫ﻛﻠﺮﻳﻨﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
BR
CSM
CR
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ –ﻛﻠﺮو ﺗﺮي ﻓﻠﻮرو – اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
ECTFE
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ – ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ دﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻮﻣﺮ‬
EPDM
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ – ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ‬
EPR
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ اﺳﺘﺎت‬
EVA
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﻨﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
FEP
(‫ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﻨﻪ ﺷﺪه )ﻧﻮع ﭘﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﻴﻠﻦ‬،‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
FKM
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻮﺗﻴﻞ‬
IIR
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﻳﺰوﭘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬
IR
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ‬
NBR
(‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ )ﭘﻠﻲ اﻳﺰوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
NR
Polyamide
‫ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪ‬
PA
PE
Polyethylene
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
PE
PF
Phenol-Formaldehyde
‫ﻓِﻨﻞ – ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ‬
PF
PFA
Perfluoroalkoxy
‫ﭘﺮﻓﻠﻮرواﻟﻜﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
PFA
PP
Polypropylene
PTFE
Polytetra Fluoro Ethylene
PU
Polyurethane
PVC
Polyvinyl Chloride
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاﻓﻠﻮرواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
15
PP
PTFE
PU
PVC
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
PVDF
Polyvinylidene Fluoride
SBR
Styrene butadiene Rubber
XNBR
Carboxylated Nitrile Rubber
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ اﺳﺘﺎﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺗﺎدﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﺷﺪه‬
PVDF
SBR
XNBR
‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-4
4. UNITS
‫ ﻣﻨﻄﺒـﻖ‬،(SI) ‫ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ ﻣﮕـﺮ آﻧﻜـﻪ در ﻣـﺘﻦ‬،‫ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬IPS-E-GN-100 ‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
This standard is based on International System of
Units (SI), as per IPS-E-GN-100 except where
otherwise specified.
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪ دﻳﮕﺮي اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻫﺪف از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬-5
5. PURPOSE OF LINING
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ دﻻﻳﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي‬
.‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Preventation of corrosion by lining may be desirable
for several reasons:
.‫ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬1-5
5.1 To extend the life of equipment.
.‫ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﺪن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬2-5
5.2 To prevent shutdowns.
.‫ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺣﻮادث ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬3-5
5.3 To prevent accidents resulting from corrosion
failures.
.‫ از آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬4-5
5.4 To avoid product contamination.
‫ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬-6
6. THE NEED FOR STANDARD
‫ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ اﺳـﺖ ﺗﺤﻘـﻖ ﭘﻴـﺪا‬1-6
6.1 The potential life of a protective system is
unlikely to be realized, unless:
:‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد؛‬
a) The correct choice of system is made;
،‫ب( ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻮادي ﻛﻪ در ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬
b) the materials used in the system can be supplied
when required and with the properties attributed to
them when making the choice;
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻧﻴﺎز و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎن ﺧﻮاص ﻛـﻪ ﻣـﻮرد ﻧﻈـﺮ اﺳـﺖ‬
.‫اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
c) the materials are applied in conditions and with
standards of workmanship described in the
IPS-C-TP-352;
‫ج ( ﻣــــﻮاد در ﺷــﺮاﻳﻂ و اﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻛﻴﻔﻴــﺖ ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ‬
.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ‬IPS-C-TP-352 ‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺷﺪه در‬
d) the handling, transportation and storage (over
which the main contractor has minimal control) of
all materials and lined components results in no
damage to the integrity of the materials or coating
that can not be completely restored;
‫ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ و اﻧﺒﺎر ﻛـﺮدن )ﺑـﻴﺶ از ﺣـﺪاﻗﻞ‬،‫د ( ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬
e) the erection procedures cause no damage to the
lining that can not be completely restored;
‫ﻫ( روش ﻫــﺎي ﻧــﺼﺐ ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﻣــﻲ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﺗــﺎ از وارد آﻣــﺪن‬
f) such restoration of damaged areas results in a
protection at least as good as that of the
undamaged areas.
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﻪ‬،‫و ( ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ آﺳﻴﺐ دﻳﺪه در ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر اﺻﻠﻲ( ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻮاد و اﺟﺰاء ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺪف ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺧـﺴﺎرت ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﻞ ﻣـﻮاد ﻳـﺎ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻛـﻪ‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮان ﻛﻼً ﻋﻮدت داد ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد‬
.‫ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺒﺮان ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻫﻤﺎن ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻧﺪﻳﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري ﻫﺎ‬
Notes:
‫( اﮔﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﭘﺲ از ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷـﻮد‬1
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺳـﻄﺢ و ﻛﻨﺘـﺮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺖ‬
.‫ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺟﺮا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺖ‬
1) If the lining is applied after the equipment has
been installed, due consideration shall be given to
proper surface preparation and quality control
befor application.
16
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
2) If the lining is applied before the equipment is
installed, due consideration shall be given to lining
of field joints.
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫( اﮔــﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻗﺒـﻞ از ﻧـﺼﺐ ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات اﻧﺠـﺎم‬2
.‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﻮع زﻳﺎدي )ﻫـﻢ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ و ﻏﻴـﺮه( وﺟـﻮد‬2-6
6.2 There are many variable factors (both natural and
otherwise) which can influence the fulfillment of all
these conditions for success, and it follows that no
two projects can be exactly similar, this is one reason
why a "standard" specification shall always be
included in a set of contract documents.
‫دارﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮر ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ اﺛـﺮ‬
‫ در اﺟﺮاي دو ﭘﺮوژه اﻳﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻧﺒﻮده و ﺑـﻪ‬،‫داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
"‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ دﻟﻴﻞ اﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻫﻤﻴـﺸﻪ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎت "اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﺪارك ﭘﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬-7
7. LINING DESIGN
‫ ﻣﺒﺎدﻟﻪ داده ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬1-7
7.1 Exchange of Design Data
‫ﻫﻤﻔﻜﺮي اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل اﻳﻦ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ داﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﻮدن اﻃﻼﻋﺎت زﻳﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﮔﺮدد‬،‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺳﺎزي ﺷﻮد‬
Early consultation shall be arranged between all
parties concerned with the application of this
Engineering Standard, to establish the following
information which shall be fully documented.
.‫ اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬1-1-7
7.1.1 Information to be Supplied by the Purchaser
The Purchaser shall state either 7.1.1.1 or 7.1.1.2:
‫ را ﺑﻴـﺎن‬2-1-1-7 ‫ ﻳـﺎ‬1-1-1-7 ‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻜﻲ از دو ﺑﻨـﺪ‬
.‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
7.1.1.1 Precise details of the lining requirements;
.‫ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت دﻗﻴﻖ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬1-1-1-7
7.1.1.2 The service conditions for which the lining
required.
‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻧﻴﺎز دارد‬2-1-1-7
In case of 7.1.1.2 the Purchaser shall provide the
relevant information detailed in following:
‫ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻛـﻪ در‬2-1-1-7 ‫در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
.‫زﻳﺮ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ را ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات ﻛـﻪ ﻗـﺮار اﺳـﺖ‬
a) Design and fabrication details of the equipment
to be lined and provision of drawings (see Clause
7.3).
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـﻪ‬3-7 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ )ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪ‬
.(‫ﺷﻮد‬
b) Details of gasket materials.
.‫ب ( ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻣﻮاد ﻻﻳﻲ‬
‫ج ( ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﻇﺮوف ﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑـﻪ اﻧـﻀﻤﺎم اﺛـﺮ‬
c) Details of the contents of the vessels or
equipment, including trace materials (see Section
8).
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬8 ‫ﻣﻮاد )ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
d) The design temperature (see Section 8).
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬8 ‫د ( درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ )ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
e) The design pressure.
.‫ﻫ ( ﻓﺸﺎر ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
f) The details of any solids to be handled (see
Section 8).
8 ‫و ( ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣﺪي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
g) Any specific mechanical properties required of
the lining including suitability for machining (see
Section 8).
‫ز ( ﺧﻮاص ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺑـﻪ اﻧـﻀﻤﺎم‬
(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـﻪ‬8 ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮدن آن ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻛﺎري )ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
.(‫ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ح ( روش ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮم و ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮد ﻛﺮدن‬
h) The methods of heating and/or cooling.
،‫ ﺷﺴﺘـﺸﻮ ﺑـﺎ آب‬،‫ ﺑـﺮاي ﻣﺜـﺎل‬،‫ط( روش ﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻧﻤﻮدن‬
i) Cleaning methods, for example, water washing,
solvent washing, boiling out or steaming (see
IPS-C-TP-352).
‫ آب ﺟﻮش و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر زﻧﻲ )ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬،‫ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﺑـــﺎ ﺣﻼل‬
352
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-C-TP-351
17
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
j) Where the lining work will be done.
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
.‫ي ( ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
k) Site conditions which may affect the work, for
example, availability of services.
‫ك ( ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ روي ﻛﺎر اﺛﺮ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
l) Preparation of surface (see IPS-C-TP-101).
IPS-C-TP-101 ‫ل ( آﻣﺎده ﺳـﺎزي ﺳـﻄﺢ )ﺑـﻪ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺑﻮدن ﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬
(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
IPS-C-TP- ‫م ( ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ )ﺑﻪ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
m)Application of lining (see IPS-C-TP-352).
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬352
7.1.2 Information to be Supplied by the Designer
of Lining
‫ اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻃﺮاح ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬2-1-7
The contractor or his designer shall provide the
relevant information detailed in following:
‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر ﻳﺎ ﻃﺮاح او ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ را ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت زﻳـﺮ‬
:‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
a) Any special requirements for materials and
system used in surface preparation.
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز وﻳﮋه ﺑﺮاي ﻣـﻮاد و ﺳـﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻛـﻪ در آﻣـﺎده‬
b) The type and specification of material to be
used for lining (see Section 8).
‫ب ( ﻧﻮع و ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻮادي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬
c) The minimum thickness of the lining and where
applicable the maximum thickness (see Section 8).
‫ج ( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ و ﺟـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ اﻋﻤـﺎل‬
.‫ﺳﺎزي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬8 ‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ )ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬8 ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ آن وﺟﻮد دارد )ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
d) The provision of test plates.
.‫د ( ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ورق ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻫ( وﻗﺘﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ در ﺧﺎرج از ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻛﺎري ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر‬
e) When the lining is to be applied outside the
applicator’s works and the primers and/or adhesive
as applied contain solvents, the types of solvents
are to be stated, together with their flash points
and threshold limit values.
‫ ﻧـﻮع‬،‫ﻳﺎ ﭼﺴﺐ ﺣﺎوي ﺣﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬/‫اﻋﻤﺎل ﮔﺮدد و آﺳﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ و‬
‫ﺣﻼﻟﻬــﺎ ﻫﻤــﺮاه ﺑــﺎ ﻧﻘﻄــﻪ ﺟــﻮش و ﺣــﺪود ﻣﺠــﺎز آن ﺑﺎﻳــﺪ‬
.‫ﻗﻴﺪﮔﺮدد‬
f) Specified sheet or rubber lining.
.‫و ( ورق ﻳﺎ آﺳﺘﺮي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ز ( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت و رﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﻣﺠـﺎز ﻣـﻮرد‬
g) The minimum and maximum allowable
temperature and allowable humidity which are
required for the correct application of the lining.
.‫ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ح ( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دﻣﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴـﺎز ﺑـﺮاي ﺳـﺨﺖ ﺷـﺪن ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬
h) The minimum temperature required during the
vulcanization of the lining in case of rubber lining
and the vulcanization schedule, where applicable.
‫داﺧﻠﻲ در ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻜﻲ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ‬
.‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن آن ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺟﺮا اﺳﺖ‬
‫ط ( روش ﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻮن ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﺑﻜـﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﺮاﺣـﻞ ﻗﺒـﻮﻟﻲ و‬
i) Inspection techniques/procedures to be
employed, acceptance levels and stages of
inspection.
.‫ﺣﺪود ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺖ ﻛـﺮدن و‬،‫ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘـﻞ‬،‫ي( دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬
j) Handling, transport, storage and installation
procedure .
‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑـﺎ‬،‫ك( ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻃﻼع وﻳﮋه ﻻزم‬
k) Any special information needed or recognized
with regard to inorganic linings.
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
7.2 Compliance
‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻮدن‬2-7
7.2.1 Fabricator
‫ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬1-2-7
‫ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻠﺰي ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
:‫ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ را رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
The fabricator of metal equipment to be lined shall
comply with the following:
18
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
7.2.1.1 Design and fabrication details of the
equipment to be lined and provision of drawings (see
Clause 7.3)
‫ ﺟﺰﻳﻴــﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣــﻲ و ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴــﺰات ﻛــﻪ ﺑﺎﻳــﺪ‬1-1-2-7
7.2.1.2 Responsibility for inspection and testing of:
:‫ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬2-1-2-7
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـﻪ‬3-7 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫـﺎ )ﺑـﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪ‬
.(‫ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬‫ ﺑﻌﺪ از آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑـﺮاي ﺟﻮﺷـﻜﺎري درزﻫـﺎ و‬.‫ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻠﺰات و ﺳﻄﻮح و ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺘﻦ رﻳﺰي‬
- The equipment as fabricated.
- The equipment after preparation of welds and
edges in the case of metals, surfaces and edges in
the case of concrete.
‫ اﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺖ و‬،‫ ﺣﻤـﻞ و ﻧﻘـﻞ‬،‫ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬3-1-2-7
7.2.1.3 Handling, transport, storage and installation
procedure.
.‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬
(‫ ﻣﺠﺮي ﻃﺮح )ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر‬2-2-7
7.2.2 Applicator (contractor)
The applicator shall comply with IPS-C-TP-352.
‫ ﻋﻤـﻞ‬IPS-C-TP-352 ‫ﻣﺠﺮي ﻃـﺮح ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
7.2.2.1 Selectionob lining (see Section 8).
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـﻪ‬8 ‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ )ﺑـﻪ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ‬1-2-2-7
.(‫ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ روش اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬2-2-2-7
7.2.2.2 Method of lining.
:‫ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬3-2-2-7
7.2.2.3 Responsibility for inspection and testing of:
.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ روش ﺑﻼﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﭘﺲ از ﻧﺼﺐ‬
.‫ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
- The equipment after blast cleaning.
- The lining material.
- Lining after fitting.
- After welding of the lining.
-
7.2.2.4 Method of continuity test for lined equipment
.
‫ روش آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺪاوم ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪه‬4-2-2-7
7.2.2.5 Rectification of faults in fully cured linings.
‫ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻮب ﻛـﺎﻣﻼً ﺳـﺨﺖ‬5-2-2-7
.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
.‫ﺷﺪه‬
7.2.2.6 Handling, transport, storage and installation
procedure.
‫ اﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺖ و‬،‫ ﺣﻤـﻞ و ﻧﻘـﻞ‬،‫ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬6-2-2-7
7.3 Design, Fabrication and Surface Finish of
Equipment to be Lined (see also IPS-E-TP-760)
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و آﻣﺎده ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰاﺗـﻲ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬3-7
.‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬
IPS-E-TP-760 ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﺑـﻪ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-3-7
7.3.1 General
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰاﺗـﻲ‬،‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ و‬IPS ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺷـﻮد ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
‫ ﻗﺒـﻞ از ﺷـﺮوع‬5-3-7 ‫ و‬4-3-7 ‫ ﻳـﺎ‬3-3-7 ‫ و‬2-3-7 ‫ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
.‫اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
The basic design, fabrication and testing for
mechanical reliability of the equipment to be lined
shall be carried out to the appropriate IPS Standards
and shall comply with Clauses 7.3.2 and 7.3.3 or
7.3.4 and 7.3.5 before the lining operation
commences.
19
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
Linings will affect heat transfer and tolerances
required for joints; both features need to be
considered at the design stage of the equipment.
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ روي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت اﺛﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺬارﻧﺪ و ﻧﻴـﺎز‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در زﻣﺎن ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎز در اﺗﺼﺎﻻت دارﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
7.3.2 Design of metal equipment to be lined with
organic materials (Thermoplastics, thermosets and
rubber as well as bitumen and coal-tar) (see also
IPS-E-TP-760)
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻠﺰي ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮار اﺳﺖ ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﻮاد آﻟـﻲ‬
7.3.2.1 Equipment to be lined shall be sufficiently
rigid that there is no possibility of deformation which
would result in damage to the lining during
transportation, installation and operation. When
stiffeners are required, they shall normally be applied
to the unlined side of the equipment.
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮار اﺳﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬1-2-3-7
2-3-7
‫ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ ﻫـﺎ و ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ و ﻫﻤﻴﻨﻄـﻮر ﻛﻮﻟﺘـﺎر و‬،‫)ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺖﻫﺎ‬
IPS-E-TP-760 ‫ﻗﻴﺮ( ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ )ﺑـﻪ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻨـﺘﺞ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺧﺮاﺑﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ در ﺣﻴﻦ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد را ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬،‫ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﻧﻴﺎورد‬
.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
In the case of hard rubber and ebonite linings this
requirement is of particular importance.
‫درﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺋﻮﭼﻮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﻳﻦ‬
.‫ﻧﻴﺎز اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ دارد‬
7.3.2.2 The arrangements for the lifting of equipment
shall be determined at the design stage.
‫ ﻧﺤﻮه ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺮدن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬2-2-3-7
7.3.2.3 The design of all equipment shall allow for
access during the preparation of the surface and
application of the lining and for venting of fumes
evolved during the operation.
‫ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻣﻜـﺎن دﺳﺘﺮﺳـﻲ‬3-2-3-7
In completely enclosed vessels there shall be at least
one manhole that after lining complies with BS 470
and one additional branch of not less than 77 mm
bore to permit adequate circulation of air.
‫ﻇﺮوف ﻛـﺎﻣﻼً ﺑـﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺣـﺪاﻗﻞ ﻳـﻚ درﻳﭽـﻪ آدم رو و ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ ﺟﻬـﺖ‬،‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺪ‬77 ‫اﻧﺸﻌﺎب اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ آن ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
.‫ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬BS 470 ‫ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻫﻮا ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺮاي آﻣـﺎده ﺳـﺎزي ﺳـﻄﺢ و اﻋﻤـﺎل ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ و ﺧـﺮوج‬
.‫ﺑﺨﺎرات ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮔﺮدد‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻗﻄﺮ درﻳﭽـﻪ‬،‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬600 ‫آدم رو ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
It is recommended that, where practicable, the
minimum diameter of a manhole should be 600 mm.
.‫ در اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﻴﺦ ﭘﺮچ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬4-2-3-7
7.3.2.4 Riveted constructions shall not be used.
7.3.2.5 Bolted joints shall be permitted only if they
can be dismantled for lining.
‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﭘﻴﭻ و ﻣﻬﺮه اي وﻗﺘﻲ ﻣﺠﺎز ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‬5-2-3-7
7.3.2.6 When calculating clearances, allowance shall
be made for the thickness of the lining.
‫ ﺑـﺮاي ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬،‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﻓﻮاﺻـﻞ ﻣﺠـﺎز‬6-2-3-7
7.3.2.7 Surfaces to be lined shall be of a smooth
contour.
.‫ ﺳﻄﻮح ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺪه داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻤﻮار ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬7-2-3-7
7.3.2.8 Discontinuities, crevices and sharp projections
shall be avoided.
‫ ﺑﺮآﻣﺪﮔﻲ ﻫـﺎي ﺗﻴـﺰ‬،‫ درزﻫﺎ‬،‫ از ﻏﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ ﻫﺎ‬8-2-3-7
.‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎز ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﺠﺎزي در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
20
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
7.3.2.9 Fittings which have to be installed after the
completion of the lining process shall be designed to
be lined or fabricated from materials that will not be
affected by the process conditions.
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ اﺗﺼﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑﻌـﺪ از‬9-2-3-7
7.3.2.10 Normally all connections to lined parts of
equipment shall be flanged. If for any reason screwed
connections are required, then these parts shall be
fabricated in corrosion-resistant materials.
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻋﺎدي ﺗﻤﺎم اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬10-2-3-7
7.3.2.11 All nozzles and outlets shall be as short as
possible, straight and flanged. Flange faces shall have
a plain surface to allow the lining to continue over the
face.
،‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎ و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه‬11-2-3-7
‫اﺗﻤﺎم ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﻮادي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
.‫ﺑﺮ روي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي اﺛﺮ ﻧﮕﺬارد‬
‫ ﺣﺎل اﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ دﻟﻴﻠﻲ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬،‫ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﻮع ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧـﻮردﮔﻲ‬،‫ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺻﺎف ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬.‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ و ﻓﻠﻨﺠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ روي ﺳﻄﺢ آن ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﺑـــﻪ اﺳـــﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬،‫ ﺧﺮوﺟـــﻲ ﻫــــﺎ‬،‫ اﻧـــﺸﻌﺎب ﻫـــﺎ‬12-2-3-7
7.3.2.12 Branches and outlets, except for plain ended
pipes, shall be as short as possible and flanged so that
the lining may be taken over the flange face to
prevent the ingress of process fluid between the lining
and the substrate. Acceptable flange systems are
shown in Fig. 1. Plain-ended pipes shall be designed
so that the lining may be turned over the end and the
outside of the pipe. Where pads are required they
shall be designed as shown in Fig. 1(b).
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻟﺒﻪ ﺳﺎده )ﺑﺪون ﭘﺦ( ﺣﺘﻲ اﻻﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه و ﻓﻠـﻨﺞ‬
‫ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺳـﻄﺢ آن ﺑﺘﻮاﻧـﺪ از ورود و ﺟﺮﻳـﺎن‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي‬.‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ و ﻓﻠﺰ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻟﺒﻪ‬.‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬1 ‫ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺳﺎده ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ اي ﻃﺮاﺣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ در‬
‫ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻻﻳﻲ ﻧﻴـﺎز‬.‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ )ب( ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد‬1 ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻮراخ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﻗﻼوﻳـﺰ ﻛـﺎري در ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺮاي ﭘـﻴﭻ‬
.‫دوﺳﺮ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
Drilled and tapped holes in pads for studs shall not
penetrate the shell of the equipment.
7.3.2.13 Heating coils, immersion heater and sparger
pipes shall be installed after the completion of the
lining process and shall be located so that no part is
closer than 100 mm from a lined surface. In the case
of nozzles through which heating coals, etc., enter
equipment, a smaller clearance is permitted provided
that the temperature of the pipe through the nozzle
does not exceed 80°C. In no case shall this clearance
be less than 25 mm. Fluids introduced through
sparger pipes or dip pipes shall not impinge directly
on to the lining. External heating of equipment shall
not be permitted without full consultation with the
applicator of the lining.
‫ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎي‬،‫ آﺑﮕـﺮم ﺷـﻨﺎور‬،‫ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬13-2-3-7
7.3.2.14 The design of equipment shall be such that
there is easy hand access to areas where thermoplastic
sheets need to be welded.
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ اي ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬14-2-3-7
‫ﭘﺨﺶ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬
‫ در ﺣـﺎﻟﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻛﻮﻳـﻞ ﺣﺮارﺗـﻲ از‬.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬100 ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ ﺣـﺪﻣﺠﺎز ﻛﻤـﻲ در‬،‫ﻧﺎزﻟﻲ ﻋﺒﻮر و ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات وارد ﺷـﻮد‬
‫ درﺟـﻪ‬80 ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗـﺎ دﻣـﺎي ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻋﺒـﻮري از ﻧـﺎزل از‬
25 ‫ در ﻫﻴﭻ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳـﺪ از‬.‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻧﻴﺎﺑﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﭘﺨـﺶ‬.‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ﻛﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻨﺎور در ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻋﺒﻮر ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫روي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﭘﺮﺗﺎب ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺪون ﻣﺸﻮرت ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ﻋﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬
‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ورﻗﻬﺎي ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳـﺘﻴﻚ ﺑـﻪ‬
.‫راﺣﺘﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ اي ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬15-2-3-7
‫اﻣﻜﺎن دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري وﺧﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻮش و آﻣـﺎده‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬1 ‫ﺳﺎزي ﺳﻄﺢ و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
.(‫ﺷﻮد‬
7.3.2.15 The design of pipe work shall be such as to
allow ready access to welds and bends for weld and
surface preparation and permit the fitting of extruded
liners (see Fig. 1).
21
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
Pipe systems made from straight lengths with
separate ’standard’ (1.5 D) bends and tees meet this
requirement. Bends shall not be greater than 90°.
1/5) "‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻢ ﻫـﺎي "اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ ﺧﻤﻬـﺎ‬.‫( ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‬T) ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ( و ﺳﻪ راﻫﻲ‬
.‫ درﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬90 ‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬
Where pipe systems include ’non-standard’ fittings
their suitability for lining shall be established.
Suitable arrangements are illustrated in Fig.1( b)
‫در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ اﺗـﺼﺎﻻت ﻏﻴﺮاﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮدن آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻮرد‬،‫وﺟﻮد دارد‬
‫ )ب( آراﻳﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗـﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺷـﺪه‬1 ‫ در ﺷﻜﻞ‬.‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
.‫اﺳﺖ‬
The maximum dimensions of pipes and fittings which
can be rubber lined shall be determined during the
exchange of data (see Clause 7.1.1.2a). Typical
maximum lengths of straight pipe which can be
rubber lined are detailed in Table 1.
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ اﻧﺪازه ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﺗﺼﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬
‫ ﺑـﻪ‬.‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺣﻴﻦ ﻣﺒﺎدﻟﻪ داده ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺣـﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻃـﻮل ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎي‬.‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷـﻮد‬2 -1-1-7) ‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ در‬
.‫ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬1 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
TABLE 1 - MAXIMUM LENGTH BETWEEN FLANGES
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻃﻮل ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ‬-1 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
NOMINAL PIPE
SIZE
MAXIMUM LENGTH
BETWEEN FLANGES
‫اﻧﺪازه اﺳﻤﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻃﻮل ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ‬
mm
25
32
40
50
65
80 to 600
mm
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
6000
Cast iron pipe work and fittings manufactured to
BSEN (545, 598, 969) are of suitable dimensions
and shall be permitted for lining.
BSEN ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫـــﺎي ﭼﺪﻧﻲ و اﺗـﺼﺎﻻت ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫( ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪازه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﻲ ﺑـﺮاي اﺟـﺮا‬545,598,969)
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ دارﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ دارﻧـﺪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ‬25 ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺑـﺪون درز‬450 ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑـﺎﻗﻄﺮ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ از‬
‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬.‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﺎف‬،‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
‫و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮآﻣﺪه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ رواداري ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻋﻤﻮدي و ﻳﺎ اﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺟﻮش ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Pipes less than 25 mm diameter shall not be
rubber lined.
Pipes less than 450 mm diameter shall be of
seamless construction only. Screwed fittings
shall not be rubber lined.
Depending on the fabrication method, where flat
face or raised face flanges are used they shall be
welded square to the pipe or fitting according to
normal manufacturing tolerances.
‫( ﺑـﻪ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻣﺘـﺼﻞ‬Fillet) ‫ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـــﻪ ﺑــﺎ ﺟﻮش ﮔﻮﺷﻪاي‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜـﺎل ﺟﺎﺑﺠـﺎﻳﻲ روي ﻓﻠـﻨﺞ ﻫـﺎ( ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮر‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺻﺖ ﮔﻴﺮد و اﻳـﻦ اﻣﻜـﺎن ﻓـﺮاﻫﻢ ﮔـﺮدد ﺗـﺎ ﻫـﻮاي‬
‫ﻣﺤﺒﻮس ﺷﺪه ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻮش ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﺷﻪاي در ﺣﻴﻦ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬
.‫داﺧﻠﻲ و ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن آزاد ﺷﻮد‬
Flanges which are attached to a pipe by fillet
welding (for example slip-on flanges) shall be
suitably vented to allow any air trapped between
fillet welds to escape to atmosphere during
lining and vulcanizing.
22
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
This may be accomplished by using a vent hole
in the flange, providing this meets piping design
standard requirements.
‫ﺑﺎ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮراخ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ در ﻓﻠﻨﺞ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﻠـﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫـﺪ ﺷـﺪ‬
.‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
For pipe spools with a length > 400 mm: venting
is achieved by two vent holes of 3 mm ±0.5 mm
diameter drilled in the pipe wall, perpendicular
to each other, at a distance of 150 mm from each
flange. Hence four holes per pipe spool. For pipe
spool with a length < 400 mm, one vent hole of
minimum 3 mm ±0.5 mm diameter at each
flange is acceptable. Hence two holes per pipe
spool. Spiral grooves at the inside of the pipe,
venting through a perforated metallic back-up
gasket (a locking collar).
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ دو ﺳـﻮراخ ﺑـﺎ‬400 ‫ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺸﻌﺎب ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل ﺑـﻴﺶ از‬
150 ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ ﻋﻤـﻮد ﺑـﺮ ﻳﻜـﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ‬±0/5 ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳـﻪ و‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ از ﻫﺮ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ و ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺘـﻪ در دﻳـﻮاره ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ اﻳﺠـﺎد‬
‫ ﺑـﺮاي اﻧـﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت‬.‫ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻮراخ در ﻫﺮ اﻧﺸﻌﺎب ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
±0/5 ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮراخ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻪ و‬400 ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل ﻛﻤﺘﺮاز‬
‫ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ دو ﺳـﻮراخ درﻫـﺮ‬.‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ در ﻫﺮ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ داﺧـﻞ آﻧﻬـﺎ ﺷـﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﻠﺰوﻧـﻲ‬.‫اﻧﺸﻌﺎب ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻻﻳﻲ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻣﺸﺒﻚ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮد‬،‫وﺟﻮد دارد‬
.(‫)ﻳﻚ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ اي‬
7.3.2.16 The metallic equipment to be lined shall
be capable of withstanding heating up to a
processing temperature (or drying) of polymer.
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻠﺰي ﻛـﻪ ﻗـﺮار اﺳـﺖ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬16-2-3-7
(‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪن ﺗﺎ دﻣﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت )ﻳﺎ ﺧـﺸﻚ ﺷـﺪن‬
.‫ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
(‫)اﻟﻒ‬
(‫)ه‬
(‫)ب‬
( ‫)ج‬
( ‫)و‬
( ‫)ز‬
(‫)د‬
( ‫)ح‬
Fig. 1-PIPEWORK DETAILS
‫ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‬-1 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
23
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
Note:
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
The details shown in (a), (b) , (c) and (d) are
permissible; those shown in (e), (f), (g) and (h)
are not permissible.
‫ﺟﺰﻳﻴــﺎت ﻧــﺸﺎن داده ﺷــﺪه در )اﻟــﻒ( و )ب ( و )ج( و )د( ﻣﺠــﺎز‬
‫ در ﺣــﺎﻟﻲ ﻛــﻪ اﺷــﻜﺎل )ﻫ( و )و( و )ز( و )ح( ﻣﺠــﺎز‬.‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷــﺪ‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
7.3.2.17 Unless otherwise specified surface
treatment of metal components to be lined shall
be as in Table 2.
،‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ دﻳﮕـﺮي ﻣـﺸﺨﺺ ﻧـﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬17-2-3-7
2 ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ روي ﺳـﻄﻮح ﻓﻠـﺰي ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ ﺟـﺪول‬
.‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
TABLE 2 - FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PART
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‬-2 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
COMPONENT PART
FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS
‫ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
Outside Corners
‫ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
Round to minimum radius of 3 mm (1/8 in)
‫ اﻳﻨﭻ( اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﻮد‬1 ) ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬3 ‫ﮔﺮدي ﺑﺎ ﺷﻌﺎع‬
8
Sharp Inside Corners
‫ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﺰ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
Fill to smooth radius with uncured rubber fillet strip over primed
surface
‫ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮاري از ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ آﺳﺘﺮي ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺷﻌﺎع ﻣﻼﻳﻢ ﭘﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ‬
Welds shall be continuous. Grind to a smooth and uniform surface
Welds
‫ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﺎ زدن ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﻼﻳﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ آن ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺷﻮد‬
Porous Areas Cavities and Pockets
Fill in with weld metal
‫ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮش ﭘﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺷﻴﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺣﻔﺮه ﻫﺎ‬،‫ﺧﻠﻞ وﻓﺮﺟﻬﺎ‬
7.3.2.18 No welding is permitted on interior or
exterior surfaces of equipment during or after
application of lining. Hydrostatic tests on
equipment shall be performed prior to
application of lining.
‫ در ﺣـﻴﻦ و ﺑﻌــﺪ از ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠــﻲ ﺟﻮﺷــﻜﺎري‬18-2-3-7
7.3.2.19 The design of equipment shall allow for
adequate access and venting.
‫ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات دﺳﺘﺮﺳـﻲ و ﺗﻬﻮﻳـﻪ ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ‬19-2-3-7
7.3.2.20 All branches shall be flanged and the
lining shall be taken over the flange face to
prevent ingress of the process liquid behind the
lining.
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﻧﺸﻌﺎب ﻫـﺎ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻓﻠـﻨﺞ ﻣﺠﻬـﺰ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ و‬20-2-3-7
‫ آزﻣـﺎﻳﺶ‬.‫ﺳﻄﺢ داﺧﻠﻲ و ﺧـﺎرﺟﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات ﻣﺠـﺎز ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
.‫ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ داﺧﻠــﻲ ﺑﺎﻳــﺪ روي ﻓﻠــﻨﺞ را ﺑﭙﻮﺷــﺎﻧﺪ ﺗــﺎ از ﻧﻔــﻮذ ﻣــﺎﻳﻊ‬
.‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ آن ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
‫ از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﺰ در ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬21-2-3-7
7.3.2.21 Sharp changes of contour in the surface
to be lined shall be avoided. Such changes shall
be finished by means of grinding with mortar to
a suitable radius, such that the internal radius of
the lining is not less than 3 mm. Air vent holes
to prevent air trapped in welded joints may
sometimes be necessary (see Fig. 2).
‫ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﻴﺰ ﻳﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻪ وﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬.‫اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
‫ در ﭼﻨـﻴﻦ ﺷـﺮاﻳﻄﻲ‬.‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﺗﺎ ﺷﻌﺎع ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺮداﺷـﺘﻪ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي‬3 ‫ﺷﻌﺎع ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از‬
‫از ﻣﺤﺒﻮس ﺷﺪن ﻫﻮا و ﮔﺎز ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﻮراخ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ را ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﻳـﻪ در‬
.‫ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬2 ‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻃﺒﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
24
‫دي ‪Jan. 2010/ 1388‬‬
‫)‪IPS-E-TP-350(1‬‬
‫‪7.3.2.22 If necessary, connections for stairs,‬‬
‫‪supports, etc., shall be made before the rubber‬‬
‫‪lining is applied, since welding is not allowed on‬‬
‫‪lined equipment and piping.‬‬
‫‪ 22-2-3-7‬اﮔﺮ اﺗﺼﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺮدﺑﺎن‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ ﻫـﺎ و ﻏﻴـﺮه ﻻزم‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﻮد‪،‬‬
‫ﭼﻮن ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري روي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺷـﺪه ﻣﺠـﺎز‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮاي ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﮔـﺮم ﺷـﺪن زﻳـﺎد ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻫـﺎي‬
‫داﺧﻠﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ را ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ‪ 100‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ‬
‫از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﺮد‪.‬‬
‫‪Heating elements shall be situated at a distance‬‬
‫‪not less than 100 mm from the rubber lining to‬‬
‫‪avoid overheating.‬‬
‫‪ 23-2-3-7‬از ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﺮ روي ﺳﻄﺢ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ در ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫‪7.3.2.23 Impingement of steam on the rubber‬‬
‫‪surface shall be avoided when using steam‬‬
‫‪injection heating.‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻮش ﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻮراخ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﻮا‬
‫‪Fig. 2-AIR VENT HOLES‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -2‬ﺳﻮراﺧﻬﺎي ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻫﻮا‬
‫ﻳﺎدآوري‪:‬‬
‫‪Note:‬‬
‫ﺳﻮراخ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺘـﻪ اﻳﺠـﺎد‬
‫ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻮراخ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻇـﺮف دارد‪ ،‬اﻣـﺎ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻً ‪5‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Air vent holes to be drilled at regular distances.‬‬
‫‪Diameter of holes depends on dimensions of‬‬
‫‪vessel, but is generally 5 mm.‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ‪ 600‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫‪7.3.2.24 Pipes less than 600 mm diameter shall‬‬
‫‪not be lined with thermoset materials such as‬‬
‫‪epoxy.‬‬
‫‪ 25-2-3-7‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ از ‪ 650‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ )‪ 26‬اﻳـﻨﭻ(‬
‫)‪7.3.2.25 The pipe less than 650mm (26 in‬‬
‫‪diameter shall be joined in a manner that‬‬
‫‪eliminates the need for entering the pipe to‬‬
‫‪complete or repair the coal-tar or bitumen lining‬‬
‫‪at the joints. Pipe that is 686 mm (27 in) or‬‬
‫‪larger in diameter may be joined by any suitable‬‬
‫‪method, including welding.‬‬
‫‪ 26-2-3-7‬اﻧﻮاع ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴـﺸﻮد‪،‬‬
‫‪7.3.2.26 The types of pipes to which this‬‬
‫‪Standard is applicable include both welded and‬‬
‫‪seamless pipes of non-alloy steel used for the‬‬
‫‪conveyance of fluids. The types of fittings are‬‬
‫‪mainly bends, tees, reducers and collars.‬‬
‫‪24-2-3-7‬‬
‫ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﻮد ﻛـﻪ ﻧﻴـﺎز ﺑـﻪ ورود ﺑـﻪ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺟﻬـﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ و ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﻳﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ در ﻣﺤﻞ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬
‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄـﺮ ‪ 686‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ )‪ 27‬اﻳـﻨﭻ( و ﺑﺰرﮔﺘـﺮ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ‬
‫اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ روش ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺑﻬﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي درزدار و ﺑﺪون درز ﻓـﻮﻻدي ﻏﻴﺮآﻟﻴـﺎژي ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻻت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻴﮕﺮدﻧﺪ‪ .‬اﻧـﻮاع اﺗـﺼﺎﻻت ﻋﻤـﺪﺗﺎً‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از زاﻧﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪ راﻫﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪25‬‬
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‫ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻠﺰي ﻛـﻪ ﻗـﺮار اﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﻮاد‬3-3-7
7.3.3 Design of Metal Equipment to be Lined
With Inorganic Materials (Glass, Ceramic,
Brick, Cement-Mortar and Refractory)
(‫ ﻣـﻼت ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن و ﻣـﻮاد ﻧـﺴﻮز‬،‫ آﺟـﺮ‬،‫ ﺳـﺮاﻣﻴﻚ‬،‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ )ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﻣـﻮارد زﻳـﺮ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬2-3-7 ‫ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ رﻋﺎﻳـﺖ ﻣﻘـﺮرات ﺑﻨـﺪ‬
.‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
In addition to the provisions of Clause 7.3.2 the
following consideration shall also be carried out:
7.3.3.1 Design of Metal Equipment to be Glass
Lined
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻠﺰي ﻛـﻪ ﻗـﺮار اﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺎ ﻟﻌـﺎب‬1-3-3-7
7.3.3.1.1 Because glass is very strong in
compression, but weak in tension, the glass is
formulated so that it has less thermal expansion
than the base metal to which it is applied.
Therefore, during the cooling, very high
compressive stresses are set up in the glass
coating. Sharp edges will not glass well due to
the surface tension of the glass, but even edges
that are ground with a radius are not suitable if
the radius is not generous enough. Glass will
tend to shear off of radii that are too sharp. This
requirement for curved surfaces and rounded
edges results in the necessity for using swaged
openings, Vanston flanges, and flanges on
covers and clamp-top vessels.
‫ ﭼﻮن ﺷﻴﺸﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻘﺎوم اﻣﺎ در‬1-1-3-3-7
.‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻃـﻮري ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
،‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻧﺒـﺴﺎط ﺣﺮارﺗـﻲ آن ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ از ﻓﻠـﺰ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺳﺮد ﺷﺪن ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري ﺧﻴﻠﻲ زﻳﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻟﻌﺎب‬
‫ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺗﻴـﺰ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻠـﺖ ﺗـﻨﺶ ﺳـﻄﺤﻲ‬.‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي وارد ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻌﺎع‬.‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻟﻌﺎب ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ اﮔﺮ ﺷﻌﺎع آن ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ زﻳـﺎد ﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬،‫ﮔﺮد ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻌﺎع ﺗﻨﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻳﺪن دارد‬.‫ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
،‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻄﻮح ﺧﻤﻴﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻟﺒﻪ ﮔﺮد ﺑﻪ روزﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷـﺪه‬
‫ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎي واﻧﺴﺘﻮن و ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺎﻻي ﻇـﺮوف ﻣﺠﻬـﺰ ﺑـﻪ‬
.‫ ﻧﻴﺎز ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﮔﻴﺮه ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
7.3.3.1.2 Jacket aprons and sealers must be so
designed that no undue stresses are introduced
into the liner shell during welding of the jacket.
Excessive heat applied to the liner shell will
cause the steel to expand and thus crack the glass
by tension stress.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻨﺪي و آب ﺑﻨـﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻪ‬2-1-3-3-7
7.3.3.1.3 The heating (firing) procedure used in
glassing steel must be carefully controlled and for
this reason the design of the equipment must be
such that there are no sudden changes in metal
thicknesses, such as in very heavy flanges, etc.
‫ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي ﻓـﻮﻻد ﺑـﺎ روش‬3-1-3-3-7
7.3.3.1.4 The base metal must be thick enough to
withstand the operating pressures and also to
support the vessel from sagging during firing at
the elevated temperatures encountered in
glassing. The unit must be so designed that any
stress, or combinations of stresses occurring
during the actual operation of the vessel does not
exceed the yield point of the base metal.
‫ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗـﺎ در‬4-1-3-3-7
7.3.3.1.5 Sharp edges on castings shall be
avoided, because neither the wet nor dry-process
coatings will adequately cover sharp edges.
‫ از ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﺰ در رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﮔـﺮي ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ اﺟﺘﻨـﺎب‬5-1-3-3-7
،‫ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ اي ﻃﺮاﺣــﻲ ﺷــﻮد ﻛــﻪ در ﻫﻨﮕــﺎم ﺟﻮﺷــﻜﺎري ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ‬
‫ اﻋﻤـﺎل‬.‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ وارد ﻧـﺸﻮد‬
‫ﺣﺮارت اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻌـﺎب ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ اﻧﺒـﺴﺎط ﻓـﻮﻻد و ﺷﻜـﺴﺘﻦ‬
.‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ازﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺮارت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ دﻗﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل و ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣـﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ اي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛــﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻧﺎﮔﻬـﺎﻧﻲ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻫـﺎي‬
.‫ﻓﻠﺰ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ و ﻏﻴﺮه وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﻴﻦ از ﺗــﺎب‬،‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑــﻞ ﻓــﺸﺎرﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴــﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣــﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳــﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ ﻇﺮف ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دﻣﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻟﻌﺎﺑﻜـﺎري ﺷﻴـﺸﻪ اي‬
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ اي ﻃﺮاﺣـﻲ ﺷـﻮد ﻛـﻪ‬.‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه در ﺣـﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت‬،‫ﻫﺮﺗﻨﺸﻲ‬
.‫ﻇﺮف از ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻓﻠﺰ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻮد زﻳﺮا ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﺰ را ﻧﻪ در ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺮ و ﻧﻪ در ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺧـﺸﻚ‬
.‫ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻫــﺎ داﺧﻞ و ﺧﺎرج ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧـﺖ‬
‫ﮔﺮد ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺷـﻌﺎع ﻫـﺎي ﺑﺰرﮔﺘـﺮي ﺑـﺮاي ﮔـﺮده و ﮔﻮﺷـﻪ ﻫـﺎي‬
.‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
Inside and outside corners should be rounded to
uniform thickness and generous radii provided
for fillets and outside corners.
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‫ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات‬6-1-3-3-7
7.3.3.1.6 Special styling techniques shall be used
for designing appendages, internal passages, and
lug-fastening faces so as not to emplace a mass
of metal near an otherwise uniform enameling
surface. These design considerations shall
include a thorough review of the available moldmaking techniques in conjunction with the
pattern designer.
‫ ﭼﻔﺖ و ﺑﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود ﺗﺎ از ﻗﺮار ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬،‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ‬،‫ﻛﻤﻜﻲ‬
.‫ﺗﻮده ﻓﻠﺰي در ﺳﻄﻮﺣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮار اﺳﺖ ﻟﻌﺎب ﺷﻮد ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷـﻮد‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﻛﻠـﻲ ﻓﻨـﻮن ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﮔﻴـﺮي‬
.‫ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻃﺮاح ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬،‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬
7.3.3.2 Design of metal equipment to be
ceramic lined
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻠﺰي ﺑـﺎ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬2-3-3-7
7.3.3.2.1 All areas of high stress that will result
in movement of the steel structure, such as oil
conning or vibration, shall be externally
supported.
‫ ﻛﻠﻴــﻪ ﺳــﻄﻮح ﭘــﺮ ﺗــﻨﺶ ﻛــــﻪ ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﺣﺮﻛــﺖ‬1-2-3-3-7
7.3.3.2.2 Anchorage is required to secure the
lining to the shell and to distribute shrinkage
cracking evenly over the whole area.
‫ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎم ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ و‬2-2-3-3-7
‫ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﺰي ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ درﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي روﻏﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻟﺮزش ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬
.‫از ﺧﺎرج ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺳـﻄﻮح‬،‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺗﺮك ﻫﺎي اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ در اﺛﺮ اﻧﻘﺒﺎض‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﻬﺎر ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
7.3.3.2.3 Anchors, such as v-type or long horn
studs, shall be installed on the proper center lines
in a diamond or staged pattern with the lines
randomly oriented.
‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪ دو‬V ‫ ﻣﻬﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ از ﻧﻮع‬3-2-3-3-7
7.3.3.2.4 For lining up to 50 mm thickness,
anchorage may be provided by mild steel welded
wire fabric. Anchorage shall be used in both
single and dual layer systems.
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ‬50 ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬4-2-3-3-7
7.3.3.3 Design of metal equipment to be brick
lined
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻠﺰي ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬3-3-3-7
7.3.3.3.1 It is important to have smooth,
continuous steel surfaces, where membrane
lining are used.
‫ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺻﺎف و ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ‬1-3-3-3-7
7.3.3.3.2 Grades of steel generally used fall
within the requirements of ASTM specification
A-283/ A 283 M or A-285/ A 285 M.
‫ ﺑـــــﻪ ﻃــﻮر ﻛﻠـــــﻲ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓــﻮﻻد ﺑــــﺎ‬2-3-3-3-7
‫ﺳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ درﺳﺖ روي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻟﻮزي ﭼﻨﺪ ﻃﺒﻘـﻪ ﺑـﺎ‬
.‫ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﺟﻬﺖ داده ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﻬﺎرﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از ﻓﻮﻻد ﻧﺮم و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺷﺒﻜﻪ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﻬﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ و ﻫـﻢ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ دوﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫آﺟﺮي‬
.‫ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮار اﺳﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫درﺟﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﺑـــﺎﻳــﺪ ﻣﻄــﺎﺑــــﻖ ﺑــــﺎ اﺳﺘـــﺎﻧــــﺪارد‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬A-285/A 285 M ‫ ﻳﺎ‬A-283/283M ASTM
7.3.3.3.3 Tanks of cylindrical design are used
frequently in preference to rectangular shape for
reasons of economy, pressure rating and stability
of the brick linings.
‫ ﻣﺨــﺎزن ﺑــﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣــﻲ اﺳــﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي ﻧــﺴﺒﺖ ﺑــﻪ‬3-3-3-3-7
7.3.3.3.4 Thickness of steel in shell plates for
cylindrical vessels shall be as follows: [(Except
that 0.6 mm (¼ inch) minimum thickness is
recommended for tanks over 1.25 m (4 feet) in
diameter).]
‫ ﺿــﺨﺎﻣﺖ ورﻗﻬــﺎي ﻓــﻮﻻدي ﺑﺪﻧــــﻪ ﻇــﺮوف‬4-3-3-3-7
‫ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻓﺸﺎر و ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫـﺎي‬،‫ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬
.‫آﺟﺮي ﺑﺮﺗﺮي دارﻧﺪ‬
‫ )ﺑـﻪ اﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻳـﻦ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮاي‬.‫اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ‬0/6‫ ﻓﻮت( ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬4) ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬1/25 ‫ﻇﺮوف ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
.(‫اﻳﻨﭻ( ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
1
4
‫ وﻗﺘﻲ اﺧﺘﻼف دﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟـﺮي و ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ‬5-3-3-3-7
7.3.3.3.5 When the temperature differential
between brick lining and steel shell is negligible
‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻏﻤﺎض ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ وﻗﺘﻲ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت اﻧﺒـﺴﺎﻃﻲ در ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬
27
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
or when expansion joints are provided in the
brick lining, it is suggested steel tanks be
designed in accordance with the usual rules for
accommodating forces imposed by the internal
pressure, the weight of the vessel, lining and
contents and by wind, shock, or other loads that
may occur. If operating pressure is to be 1 bar
(15 psig) or less, consideration shall be given to
designing the vessel to permit hydrostatic testing
at twice the operating pressure. If vessels are to
operate at pressure above 1 bar, it is suggested
they be designed to meet requirements of the
ASME Code.
‫آﺟﺮي ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨـﺎزن ﻓـﻮﻻدي ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ‬
،‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ از ﻓـﺸﺎر داﺧﻠـﻲ‬
،‫ وزن ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳــﺎت و ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﻴﻦ ﻧﻴــﺮوي ﺑــﺎد‬،‫وزن ﻇــﺮف‬
‫ اﮔـﺮ ﻓـﺸﺎر ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت‬.‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي وارد‬،‫ﻟﺮزش‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ‬،‫ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ( و ﻳـﺎ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬15) ‫ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎر‬
‫داﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻇﺮف اﺟﺎزه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﻳﺴﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ دو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻓـﺸﺎر‬
،‫ اﮔﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻇﺮوف ﺑﻴﺶ ازﻳـﻚ ﺑـﺎر ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬.‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‬
ASME ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪه ﻛـﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣـﻲ ﻇـﺮوف ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
7.3.3.3.6 When a temperature differential
between the brick lining and steel shell will exist
and expansion joints are not provided in the
brick lining, it is suggested the thickness of steel
shall be determined by the following equation:
‫ وﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ دﻣﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮي و ﻓـﻮﻻد ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ‬6-3-3-3-7
ts =
‫اﺧﺘﻼف وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و اﺗﺼﺎﻻت اﻧﺒﺴﺎﻃﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ در‬
‫ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻓـﻮﻻد از‬،‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫راﺑﻄﻪ زﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
t bEb
PD
S
( a b  Ta - as  TS - S )+
ES
Ss
2S S
‫)اﮔﺮ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ داﺧﻞ ﭘﺮاﻧﺘﺰ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻮﻻد ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺶ از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮي ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻓﻮﻻد ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ از‬
،‫ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Ss ‫اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮي ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺠﺎز‬
.(‫آﻧﮕﺎه ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر داﺧﻠﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
(When the term in parenthesis is negative it
indicates the steel tank will expand more than
the brick lining or that the stress in the steel shell
caused by expansion of the brick lining is less
than the maximum allowable Ss. The thickness
of the shell then shall be determined from the
internal pressure.)
:‫ﻛﻪ در آن‬
Where:
ts
is thickness of shell-inches.
tb
is thickness of brick lining-inches.
Es
is modulus of elasticity for steel-psi (use
30 × 106 psi).
Eb
is modulus of elasticity in compression
for brick lining-psi (may vary from 2 ×
106 to 7× 106 psi).
Ss
is allowable stress for shell-psi (use
13,750 psi).
Sb
is allowable compressive stress for brick
lining-psi (may vary from 4000 to 10,000
psi).
as
is coefficient of expansion for steel
inches per inch per degree °F; 6 × 10-6.
ab
is coefficient of expansion for brick
inches per inch per degree °F; 3 × 10-6 to
6 × 10-6.
.‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﭻ‬
.‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮي ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﭻ‬
6
30×10 ) ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ارﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮﻻد – ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ‬
.(‫ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ارﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺘـﺮاﻛﻢ – ﭘﻮﻧـﺪ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳـﻨﭻ‬7×106 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬2×106 ‫ )ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از‬،‫اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
.(‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ‬13750) ‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺪﻧﻪ – ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
.‫اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﺠﺎز ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮ – ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
‫ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬10000 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬4000 ‫)ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از‬
.(‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﻓﻮﻻد ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ اﻳـﻨﭻﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺮ اﻳـﻨﭻ ﺑـﺮ درﺟـﻪ‬
.‫ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬6×10-6 ‫ﺣﺮارت ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ؛‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط آﺟﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
.‫ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬6×10-6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬3×10-6
28
ts
tb
Es
Eb
Ss
Sb
as
ab
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
 Ts
is average temperature rise of steel °F.
 Tb
is average temperature rise of brick °F.
p
is maximum allowable internal pressure,
psi.
D
is inside diameter of shell-inches.
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
.‫∆ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻓﻮﻻد – ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ اﺳﺖ‬Ts
.‫∆ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت آﺟﺮ – ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ اﺳﺖ‬Tb
.‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺠﺎز داﺧﻠﻲ – ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬P
.‫ ﻗﻄﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ – اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬D
‫ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ آﺟﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ‬
.‫از راﺑﻄﻪ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد‬
When the thickness of the shell has been
established, compression stress in the brick shall
be determined by the following equation:
bTb - Tb
S b = Eb
t bEb
1
tsEs
‫اﮔﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ آﺟﺮ ﺑـﻴﺶ از اﻧـﺪازه ﻣﻴـﺰان اﻳﻤﻨـﻲ آن‬
Should the compressive stress of the brick
exceed a safe value, expansion joints may be
‫ ﺿــﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬.‫ ﻣﻴﺘــﻮان از اﺗــﺼﺎﻻت اﻧﺒــﺴﺎﻃﻲ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤــﻮد‬،‫ﺷــﻮد‬
provided, the thickness of the brick lining may
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮي ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ اﻓـﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑـﺪ ﻳـﺎ از آﺟـﺮ ﻣﻘـﺎوم ﺗـﺮ‬
be increased, or stronger brick used. A reduction
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻓﻮﻻد ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗـﻨﺶ در آﺟـﺮ‬.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‬
in the thickness of the steel also will reduce the
stress in the brick.
.‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
3
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ) اﻳـﻨﭻ( ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬9 ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
Flat bottom thickness shall be 9 mm (3/8 inch)
8
minimum or sufficient to limit the deflection to
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ در ﻫـﺮ‬2/61 ‫اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻮده ﺗﺎ اﻧﺤﺮاف را ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴـﺰان‬
2.61 mm/1m (1/32 inch/ft.) of the span.
Consideration should be given to warpage of flat
bottoms which may result from welding. This
can be reduced by increasing thickness.
‫ ﺗﺎب ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ‬.‫ اﻳﻨﭻ ( ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﻣﺤﺪود ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬1 ) ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
32
‫ﻛﻒ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﻛﺎﻫﺶ داد‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺳﻘﻒ ﻫـﺎ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻪ اﻧـﺪازه ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ ﺳـﺨﺖ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺗـﺎ از‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮر ﺟـﺪي ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺗـﺮك و ﻣﺘﻼﺷـﻲ ﺷـﺪن و‬
‫ )ﺑــﻪ ﺑﻨــﺪ‬.‫رﻳﺨــﺘﻦ ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ آﺟــﺮي ﻣــﻲ ﺷــﻮد اﺟﺘﻨــﺎب ﺷــﻮد‬
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬2-3-3-3-7
‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺗﻤـﺎم ﺳـﻄﻮح ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ آﺳـﺘﺮي ﻏـﺸﺎء ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬
‫ اﺗـﺼﺎﻻت‬.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮوش ﻟـﺐ ﺑـﻪ ﻟـﺐ ﺟﻮﺷـﻜﺎري ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ در ﮔﻮﺷﻪﻫــﺎي‬.‫روﻳﻬﻢ و ﻳﺎ ﻣﻴﺦ ﭘﺮﭼﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر روﻧﺪ‬
‫داﺧﻠﻲ و ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺗﻤـﺎم ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﮔـﺮد ﺑـﻮده و‬
Shells and heads must be made stiff enough to
avoid deformations that will seriously crack the
brick lining and allow it to disintegrate or fall
(see 7.3.3.3.2).
Joints in all surfaces that are to be covered by a
membrane lining shall be made by butt welding.
Lap and riveted joints shall not be used. Welds
at inside and outside corners shall be finished so
that they may be ground to 4.5 mm (3/16 inch)
minimum radius. Vessels shall be hydrostatically
tested and repaired as may be necessary, before
any lining work is started.
‫ آزﻣــﺎﻳﺶ‬.‫اﻳــﻨﭻ( ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‬
3
16
) ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘــﺮ‬4/5 ‫ﺷﻌﺎﻋــﺸﺎن ﺣــﺪاﻗﻞ‬
‫اﻳﺴﺘﺎﺑﻲ و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻇﺮوف ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺷﺮوع ﭘﻮﺷﺶ اﻧﺠﺎم‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬7-3-3-3-7
7.3.3.3.7 Prevention of deformation
‫ از آﻧﺠــﺎ ﻛــﻪ ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ آﺟــﺮي ﺗﻐﻴﻴــﺮات‬1-7-3-3-3-7
7.3.3.3.7.1 Since the brick lining can not sustain
even very small deformations without cracking,
the shell must be very rigid.
‫ ﻟﺬا ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎرﻛﻮﭼﻚ را ﺑﺪون ﺗﺮك ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮان ﺻﻠﺒﻴﺖ را از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آورد‬
Rigidity can be obtained by the following design
measures:
29
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
a) The design shall ensure ample wall
thickness.
.‫اﻟﻒ( ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺟﺪاره ﻛﺎﻓﻲ را ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‬
b) High-strength steels with a tensile strength
exceeding 500 N/mm² shall not be used. The
maximum deflection due to wind load shall
‫ب ( از ﻓﻮﻻد ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﻪ اﺳـﺘﺤﻜﺎم ﻛﺸـﺸﻲ ﺑـﻴﺶ از‬
not exceed
.‫ ﻧﻴــﻮﺗﻦ ﺑــﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘــﺮ ﻣﺮﺑــﻊ دارد ﻧﺒﺎﻳــﺪ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده ﺷــﻮد‬500
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺧﻤـﺸﻲ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ از ﻧﻴـﺮوي ﺑـﺎد ﻧﺒﺎﻳـﺪ از‬
.‫ ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬H
H
100
100
H: The scale of altitude (m)
(‫= ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ارﺗﻔﺎع )ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺮ‬H
‫ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳـﺎت و ﺑـﺴﺘﺮ ﺑـﺴﺘﻪ‬،‫ج( ﺟﺮم ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮي‬
c) Full account shall be taken of the mass of
the brick lining, including packing bed,
contents, etc. This can be estimated as
follows.
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑـﻪ‬.‫ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ ﺑﺮآورد ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﻓﺸﺎر ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت‬3000 ‫د ( ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎ‬
d) Equipment with diameters up to 3000 mm,
operating at pressure up to 3 bars and
temperatures up to 100°C shall be designed
for an additional stress of 25-30 N/mm².
Equipment with diameters greater than 3000
mm, operating at pressures up to 10 bars and
temperatures up to 200°C shall be designed
for an additional stress of 30-50 N/mm². For
operating conditions above 10 bars and
200°C it is recommended that each
application shall be considered separately.
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺮاي اﺿـﺎﻓﻪ‬100 ‫ ﺑﺎر و دﻣﺎي ﺗﺎ‬3 ‫ﺗﺎ‬
.‫ ﻧﻴـﻮﺗﻦ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ ﻃﺮاﺣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‬30 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬25 ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ و ﻓـﺸﺎر‬3000 ‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺎ اﻗﻄﺎر ﺑـﻴﺶ از‬
‫ درﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬200 ‫ ﺑﺎر و درﺟﻪ دﻣﺎي ﺗـﺎ‬10 ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬50 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬30 ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ‬
‫ درﺟـﻪ‬200 ‫ ﺑـﺎر و‬10 ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑـﻴﺶ از‬.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﻫـﺮ ﻛـﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮر ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧـﻪ‬
.‫ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي اﺿـﺎﻓﻲ زﻳـﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﺪف‬2-7-3-3-3-7
7.3.3.3.7.2 The following additional measures,
aimed at avoiding stress concentrations, will
reduce the likelihood of (local) deformations
occurring:
‫ ﻣﻮﺟــﺐ ﻛــﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻐﻴﻴــﺮات اﺣﺘﻤــﺎﻟﻲ‬،‫اﺟﺘﻨــﺎب از ﺗﻤﺮﻛــﺰ ﺗــﻨﺶ‬
.‫)ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ( ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻫ( ﻇﺮوف اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬
e) Use cylindrical vessels.
f) Use vertical vessels supported on skirts
with the same diameter as that of the vessel
shell. Legs are not recommended.
‫و ( از ﻇﺮوف ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺑــﺮ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎه ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄــﺮ ﻫﻤﺴﺎن‬
g) If horizontal vessels are unavoidable, use
extra wide saddles or longitudinal supports of
ample rigidity.
‫ از‬،‫ز ( اﮔــﺮ ﻛــﺎرﺑﺮد ﻇــﺮوف اﻓﻘــﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑــﻞ اﺟﺘﻨــﺎب ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‬
.‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﭘﻬﻦ ﻳـﺎ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻃـﻮﻟﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺻـﻠﺒﻴﺖ زﻳـﺎد‬
.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‬
h) Avoid flat heads and use hemispherical
heads or other types of head with very
generous knuckle radii.
‫ ﻛﻠﮕﻲ ﻧﻴﻢ ﻛﺮه اي ﻳـﺎ‬.‫ح ( از ﻛﻠﮕﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺻﺎف اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
i) Atmospheric storage vessels with flat
bottoms can be brick-lined. The temperature
decrease over the brick lining shall be kept
small, since a cooler bottom causes lifting of
the brick lining. Welding the bottom plates to
the supports can prevent buckling of the steel
bottom.
‫ط ( ﻛــﻒ ﻣــﺴﻄﺢ ﻇــﺮوف ذﺧﻴــﺮه آﺗﻤــﺴﻔﺮي را ﻣــﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧــﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻛﺎﻫﺶ دﻣـﺎي روي ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ آﺟـﺮ‬.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮي ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ زﻳﺮا ﺳﺮﻣﺎي ﻛـﻒ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺑﻠﻨـﺪ ﺷـﺪن آﺟــــﺮ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ورق ﻫﺎي ﻛﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ از‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺗﺎب ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ ورق ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي ﻛﻒ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻨﺪ‬
j) Avoid sudden changes in wall thickness.
Where a change in wall thickness occurs, the
internal surface shall be flushed (see Fig. 3).
.‫ي ( از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺟﺪاره ﻓﻠﺰي اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
.‫دﻳﮕﺮ اﻧﻮاع ﻛﻠﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻌﺎع ﺑﺮآﻣﺪﮔﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ زﻳﺎد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬
‫ ﻟﺒـﻪ ﻫـﺎي داﺧﻠـﻲ‬، ‫ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺣـﺎدث ﺷـﻮد‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬3 ‫ورق ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
30
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
k) Avoid external stiffening rings or bars
attached to the vessel, and avoid internals
connected directly to the shell.
‫ك ( از ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺘﻲ ﻣﺘـﺼﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺨـﺎزن در‬
l) Connections for stairs, supports, etc., shall
be made before the brick lining is applied,
since welding afterwards will damage the
chemical-resistant brick lining.
‫ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻗﺒـﻞ از‬،‫ل ( اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﭘﻠـﻪ ﻫـﺎ و ﺗﻜﻴـﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬـﺎ و ﻏﻴـﺮه‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد زﻳﺮا ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮي آﺳﻴﺐ ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫ درﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي آدم رو و ﻏﻴـﺮه ﺗـﺎ ﺳـﺮﺣﺪ‬،‫م ( ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻣﻜﺎن در ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻞ و در زﻳﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﭘﻮش ﻣﻴﺘﻮان ﺗﻌﺪاد آﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از داﺧﻞ ﻣﺨﺰن ﺑﻴﺮون زده ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و‬.‫را ﻛﺎﻫﺶ داد‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﮔﻮﺷﻪ و ﻳﺎ در ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﺨـﺰن ﺑﻴـﺮون زده‬
‫( در ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑـﺎﻻ‬4 ‫ ﺟﻮش داده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺮﺟﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎي ﻧﺎﻗﻮس ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬
.‫ﺧﺎرج و اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ در داﺧﻞ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
m)
Minimize the number of nozzles,
manholes, etc., by combining as many of
these as possible into one manhole cover.
Nozzles shall not protrude into the inside of
the vessel, but shall be welded either in the
corner or on to the bulged-out vessel wall
(see Fig. 4). Belled-out nozzle openings
should be used whenever possible for vessels
operating at higher pressures.
‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺳﻄﺢ‬8-3-3-3-7
،‫وﻗﺘﻲ ﻇﺮف ﺑﺎ آﺟﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻏﺸﺎء ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻔﻮذ دارد‬
‫در اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺳﻄﺢ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎن ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻻﻳـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﭘﻮﺷـﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ )ﺑـﻪ‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬3 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
:‫از ورود ﻫﻮا ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ زﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﺘﻮان ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﻤﻮد‬
7.3.3.3.8 Surface condition
When the vessel to be brick-lined is to have an
impervious membrane, which is generally the
case, the requirements for the internal surface
condition of the shell shall be of those ruling for
the application of the membrane (see Table 3).
Air inclusions can be prevented as follows:
‫اﻟﻒ( از ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻧﺤﻨﺎء آن ﺳـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﻮ اﺳـﺖ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬
a) Avoid designs with head curved to the
inside (see Fig. 5).
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬5 ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﺷﻮد )ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
b) Provide for correct weld design.
.‫ب ( ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﻛﺎﻣﻞ و ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
c) Preferably in the cylindrical part of the
vessel (see Fig. 6).
6 ‫ج ( ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎً در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي ﻇﺮف )ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬
d) If not possible, then the corner may be
made with a profile giving a weld in the
cylindrical part and in the bottom; an extra
leg may be included to guide rain water, etc.,
(see Fig. 7).
‫ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﮔﻮﺷﻪ را ﺷﻜﻞ داده و ﺑﻪ‬،‫د ( اﮔﺮ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
e) Butt-weld cone-shaped ends or bottoms,
the welds can be made in the corner provided
it is finished smoothly (see Fig. 8).
‫ ﻛـﻪ‬،‫ﻫ( ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻮش ﻟﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺐ ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻒ ﻫﺎ‬
f) If corner welds can not be avoided, airescape holes are to be applied.
،‫و ( اﮔــﺮ از ﺟﻮﺷــﻜﺎري در ﮔﻮﺷــﻪﻫــﺎ ﻧﺘــﻮان اﺟﺘﻨــﺎب ﻧﻤــﻮد‬
g) V-welds made from the inside are
preferred.
.‫ ﺷﻜﻞ از داﺧﻞ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬V ‫ز ( ﺟﻮش‬
h) Sharp edges, weld spatters, etc., shall be
removed.
‫ ذرات ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪه ﺟﻮش و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮداﺷـﺘﻪ‬،‫ح ( ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﺰ‬
i) Welds shall be in-line and be finished
smoothly.
.‫ط ( ﺟﻮش ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ و ﺻﺎف و ﺻﻴﻘﻠﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
j) Internal changes shall be rounded with a
radius of at least 3 mm, but preferably 5 mm.
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و‬3 ‫ي ( اﺧﺘﻼف ﺳﻄﻮح داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺷﻌﺎع‬
.(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻧـﺼﺐ ﻳـﻚ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ اﺿـﺎﻓﻪ‬.‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ و ﻛﻒ ﺟﻮش ﻧﻤـﻮد‬
7 ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ آب ﺑﺎران و ﻏﻴﺮه را ﻫـﺪاﻳﺖ ﻛﻨـﺪ )ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬
.(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
.(8 ‫در ﮔﻮﺷﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ و ﺻﺎف ﺷﻮد )ﺷﻜﻞ‬
.‫ﺳﻮراخﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﺮار ﻫﻮا ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﭘﺦ زده و ﮔﺮد ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬5 ً‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎ‬
31
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IPS-E-TP-350(1)
.‫ك ( اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻣﻴﺦ ﭘﺮﭼﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
k) Riveted constructions are not acceptable.
Fig. 3-RECOMMENDED SHAPES FOR CYLINDRICAL SEAMS
‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮاي درزﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي‬-3‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
.‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﺟﻮش ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ و ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
All welds shall be finished smoothly.
Fig. 4-NOZZLE CONSTRUCTIONS
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎ‬-4‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
.‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The flange facing shall be adapted for receiving a
membrane.
32
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
Fig. 5-A NOT-ALLOWED FORM OF
A CURVED HEAD
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
Fig. 6-RECOMMENDED JOINT IN
A FLAT BOTTOM
‫ ﻛﻠﮕﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺠﺎز‬-5‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ اﺗﺼﺎل ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻒ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ‬-6‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
Fig. 7-RECOMMENDED CONSTRUCTION FOR FLAT BOTTOMS IN TANKS
‫ ﻧﺤﻮه ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺎ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ‬-7‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
Fig. 8-RECOMMENDED JOINT IN A CONE-SHAPED END
‫ اﺗﺼﺎل ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي در ﻇﺮوف ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ‬-8‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
33
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻠﺰي ﻛﻪ ﻗـﺮار اﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﻼت‬4-3-3-7
7.3.3.4 Design of Metal Equipment to be
Cement-Mortar Lined
.‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻮد‬
:‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮار اﺳﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي‬
The steel pipes to be lined shall have:
a) No holes in the wall, e.g. branches.
.‫اﻟﻒ( ﺳﻮراخ در ﺑﺪﻧﻪ و اﻧﺸﻌﺎب ﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
b) Limit of bending not exceeding 3 mm per
3 m of length.
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ در ﻫﺮ ﺳـﻪ ﻣﺘـﺮ ﻃـﻮل‬3 ‫ب ( ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺧﻢ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
c) Maximum out-of-roundness (difference
between
minimum
and
maximum
dimensions) not exceeding 1.6 mm or 1% of
the nominal outside diameter whichever is the
greater.
‫ج ( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻴﻀﻮي ﺷﺪن )اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣـﺪاﻗﻞ و ﺣـﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ درﺻﺪ ﻗﻄﺮ اﺳـﻤﻲ ﺧـﺎرﺟﻲ‬1 ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ‬1/6 ‫اﺑﻌﺎد( ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از‬
.‫ ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﻫﺮﻛﺪام ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
7.3.3.5 Design of Metal Equipment to be
Refractory Lined
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻠـﺰي ﻛـﻪ ﻗـﺮار اﺳـﺖ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬5-3-3-7
7.3.3.5.1 Wall and floor refractories for heaters
shall be of sufficient thickness to ensur the
exterior cold face temperature not to exceed
82°C with a 8 km/h wind velocity and a 40°C
ambient temperature. Arch refractory thickness
shall be in accordance with good design practice
and resulting casing temperature shall be noted
on the data sheets.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻧﺴﻮز دﻳﻮار و ﻛﻒ ﻫﻴﺘﺮ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬1-5-3-3-7
.‫ﻧﺴﻮز ﺷﻮد‬
‫اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ اﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎن ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﮔـﺮدد ﻛـﻪ دﻣـﺎي‬
8 ‫ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد در وزش ﺑﺎد ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬82 ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺮد آن از‬
‫ درﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ‬40 ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ و دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﺴﻮز در ﻗﻮس ﻫـﺎ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ ﻃﺮاﺣـﻲ ﻣﻮﻓـﻖ‬.‫ﻧﺸﻮد‬
.‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و دﻣﺎي ﺑﺪﻧﻪ در داده ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ﻫﺎ درج ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از دودﻛﺶ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻧـﺎل ﻛـﻪ در ﻣﺠـﺎورت ادوات اﺑـﺰار‬
‫دﻗﻴﻖ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ داﺷﺘﻪ و اﻳـﻦ‬
1
(‫ اﻳـﻨﭻ‬1 ) ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ‬38 ‫ﻧﻘﺎط ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
2
.‫ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Portions of stacks and ducting which are
adjacent to instrumentation or equipment which
requires frequent attention shall be insulated
with a minimum of 38 mm (1½") of insulating
concrete.
‫ ﻣﻬﺎر و ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﺮدن‬2-5-3-3-7
7.3.3.5.2 Anchoring and reinforcement
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬75 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
Linings 75 mm Thick or Less
‫ ﻣﻬﺎر ﻛﺮدن اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮه ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫـﺎي‬-
- The anchoring of this type of lining shall
consist of cleats, or 5 mm dia. V-shaped
studs. The cleats may be made from 5 mm
thick carbon steel or 2 mm stainless steel
plate. For the selection of the materials for
both types of anchor see Table 3. For other
lining thicknesses, the height and the pitch of
the cleats or studs shall be adapted.
‫ ﮔـﻮه ﻫـﺎ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ اﺳـﺖ از‬.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬5 ‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ‬V
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﻳﺎ ﻓـﻮﻻد زﻧـﮓ‬5 ‫ورﻗﻬﺎي ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﻣـﻮاد‬.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬2 ‫ﻧﺰن ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫ ﺑـﺮاي ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ‬.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷـﻮد‬3 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ دو ﻧﻮع ﻣﻬﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ارﺗﻔﺎع و ﮔـﺎم ﮔـﻮه ﻳـﺎ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﻫـﺎ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬75 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
Linings over 75 mm thick
‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑـﺎ ﻗﻄـﺮ‬V ‫ ﻣﻬﺎر اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎي‬‫ اﻧﺠﺎم‬،‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ دﻳﻮار ﺟﻮش ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬5
.‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬3 ‫ ﺑﺮاي آﮔﺎﻫﻲ از ﻣﻮاد اﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﺎرﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
- Anchoring of these linings shall be by 5 mm
diameter V-shaped studs welded to a crimped
wall.
- For the material of the studs see Table 3.
34
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IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻛﻒ‬
Lining of floors
-
‫ ﻣﻬﺎر ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻒ ﻛﻮره ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺑﺮآﻣﺪﮔﻲ ﻫـﺎ‬.‫و ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﮔﻮه ﻫﺎ و ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ ﻻزم ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
Anchoring of lining to furnace floors is not
necessary, except for protruding.
‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﮔﻴﺮهﻫﺎ و ﻣﻴﻞ ﭘﻴﭻﻫﺎ‬
Welding of cleats and studs
- Cleats and studs shall be welded to the walls
by means of the electric arc welding process
with welding electrodes appropriate for the
metals concerned.
‫ ﺟﻮش ﮔﻮه ﻫﺎ و ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻗﻮس‬.‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻚ و اﻟﻜﺘﺮودﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻠﺰ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
- Welding surfaces must be dry and clean.
Cleats and studs shall be welded along the
whole circumference of their base, and be
checked by hammer testing after welding,
and be rewelded if necessary.
‫ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺸﻚ و ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ و دور ﺗـﺎ دور‬‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﭘﺲ از ﺟـﻮش ﺑـﻪ وﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬
،‫ ﻣﻮرد آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و در ﺻـﻮرت ﻧﻴـﺎز‬،‫ﭼﻜﺶ‬
.‫دوﺑﺎره ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
TABLE 3 - THE MATERIAL OF THE ANCHORS
‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﻬﺎر ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬-3 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
PART
LOCATION
‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬
Radiant section
Floors
‫درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
V-SHAPED STUDS
AND CLEATS 2)
‫ ﺷﻜﻞ وﮔﻮه ﻫﺎ‬V ‫ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎي‬
---
Not applicable
CONCRETE SURFACE
TEMPERATURE °C
‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
‫ﻛﻒ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺎﺑﺶ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻧﻤﻴﺮود‬
Walls
‫دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬
Roof, incl. flue gas branches
‫ ﺑﻪ اﻧﻀﻤﺎم اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﻬﺎي ﮔﺎز ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬،‫ﺳﻘﻒ‬
Max. 600 600
Above 600 600
Max. 870
Above 870
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
870‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
870‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
Carbon steel
18/8 Cr-Ni
18/8 ‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﻛﺮم – ﻧﻴﻜﻞ‬
18/8 Cr-Ni
18/8 ‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﻛﺮم – ﻧﻴﻜﻞ‬
25/20 Cr-Ni
‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﻛﺮم – ﻧﻴﻜﻞ‬
25/20
"Hot" flue ducts and plenum
chamber 1)
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻫﺎي دود و ﻓﻀﺎي ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﮔﺮم‬
Convection section
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻃﺮاف‬
Max. 870
Above 870
---
870 ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
870 ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
18/8 Cr-Ni
18/8 ‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﻛﺮم – ﻧﻴﻜﻞ‬
25/20 Cr-Ni
‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﻛﺮم – ﻧﻴﻜﻞ‬
25/20
Unshielded walls and roof
‫دﻳﻮار ﻫﺎ و ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺪون ﺣﻔﺎظ‬
Max. 870
Above 870
870‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
870‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
18/8 Cr-Ni
18/8 ‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﻛﺮم – ﻧﻴﻜﻞ‬
25/20 Cr-Ni
‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﻛﺮم – ﻧﻴﻜﻞ‬
25/20
Shielded walls incl. bottom part
‫دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎظ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ اﻧﻀﻤﺎم ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻛﻒ‬
"Cold" flue ducts
" ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻫﺎي دود " ﺳﺮد‬
---
---
---
35
Carbon steel
‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬
Carbon steel
‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
1) The floor of the plenum chamber needs no reinforcing
Plate - ASTM A 283 Gr max. 0.23%
2) Carbon steel:
Bessemer steel not allowed
Bar - ASTM A 575 Gr 1020
Stainless steel:
18/8 Cr-Ni:
Plate - ASTM A 240; type 304 L, 321 or 347
Bar - ASTM A 314; type 304 L, 321 or 347
25/20 Cr-Ni: Plate - ASTM A 240;type 310 S
Bar - ASTM A 314;type 310 S
‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﻮره ﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﻤﺮ ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫( ﻛﻒ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎي ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺪارد‬1
ASTM A 283 Gr max. 0.23% ‫ورق ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
:‫( ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻦ دار‬2
ASTM A 575 Gr 1020 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻪ آﻫﻨﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
ASTM A 240; type 304 L, 321 or 347 ‫ورق‬
: 18/8 Cr-Ni
:‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﺿﺪ زﻧﮓ‬
ASTM A 314; type 304 L, 321 or 347 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻪ‬
ASTM A 240;type 310 S ‫ورق‬
:25/20 Cr-Ni
ASTM A 314;type 310 S ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻗـﺮار اﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﻮاد‬4-3-7
7.3.4 Design of concrete equipment to be
lined with polymeric materials (see also
IPS-E-TP-760)
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـﻪ‬IPS-E-TP-760 ‫ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻮد )ﺑـﻪ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
(‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺗﺮك ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ از اﻧﻘﺒـﺎض‬،‫ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺣﺬف‬1-4-3-7
7.3.4.1 Whilst it is not possible to eliminate
shrinkage cracks in concrete, the design shall be
such that structural cracking is eliminated.
Particular attention shall be paid to avoiding
cracking due to thermal stresses.
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺗـﺮك در‬،‫در ﺑﺘﻦ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد‬
‫ ﺟﻬﺖ رﻓـﻊ ﺗـﺮك ﻫـﺎي ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ از ﺗـﻨﺶ ﻫـﺎي‬.‫ﺳﺎزه ﺣﺬف ﺷﻮد‬
‫ در ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ آزاد‬.‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﻳﮋه ﻣﺒﺬول ﮔﺮدد‬
BS 8110 ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺑـــﺎﻳﺪ ﺑـــﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫و در ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣـﻲ دﺳـﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس‬
.‫ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد‬BS 8007 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
In the case of loose liners, equipment shall be
designed to BS 8110. In the case of bonded
liners, equipment shall be designed to BS 8007.
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ در اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﺮك ﺑـﺘﻦ ﺑـﺎ ﺟﺰﻳﻴـﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣـﻲ‬
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧـــﺪارد‬A ‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰاﺗــﻲ ﻛــــﻪ ﺑــﺎ ﻛــﻼس‬.‫ﺗﻌﻴــﻴﻦ ﻣــﻲ ﺷــﻮد‬
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗـﺮك ﻫـــﺎﻳﻲ‬BS 8007
‫ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬B ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑــﺎ ﻛﻼس‬0/1 ‫ﺑﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﺎي‬
‫ در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﺗـﺮك ﻫـــﺎﻳﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬،‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﻮد‬BS 8007
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬0/2 ‫ﭘﻬﻨﺎي‬
BS 8007 ‫ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬A ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎم ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻼس‬
The ability of the lining to accommodate
cracking of the concrete will determine the detail
of design. Equipment designed and constructed
to class A of BS 8007, is liable to develop cracks
up to 0.1 mm wide. Equipment designed and
constructed to Class B of BS 8007 is liable to
develop cracks up to 0.2 mm wide.
The concrete in case of Class A of BS 8007 shall
have compressive strength of 30 N/mm² and in
36
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
that of Class B of BS 8007 25 N/mm².
‫ اﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬B ‫ ﻧﻴــﻮﺗﻦ ﺑــــﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘــﺮ ﻣﺮﺑــﻊ و ﺑــــﺎ ﻛــﻼس‬30
.‫ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬25 BS 8007
7.3.4.2 If necessary extra reinforcements shall be
used and construction joints treated so as to
promote a bond between adjacent areas of
concrete. Expansion joints create special
problems in lining and shall not be used without
consultation between the Purchaser and the
applicator of the lining.
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬،‫ اﮔﺮ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬2-4-3-7
‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد ﺗﺎ ﭘﻴﻮﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻧﻘـﺎط ﺑـﺘﻦ‬
‫ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻫﺎي اﻧﺒﺴﺎﻃﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت زﻳـﺎدي در‬.‫ﻣﺠﺎور را اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دﻫﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻲ آورد و ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون ﻣﺸﻮرت ﺧﺮﻳﺪار و اﻋﻤـﺎل‬
.‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
7.3.4.3 Pipes and fittings shall be designed with
puddle flanges and cast into the concrete. Where
possible pipes and fittings shall either be of the
same material as the liner so that the weld may
be made between the liner and the fitting or
designed so that the lining may be carried
through the fitting. If this is not possible the
fitting shall be designed so that a mechanical
joint can be made between the fitting and the
lining. In the latter case the fitting shall be of a
corrosion resistant material.
‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫـﺎ و اﺗـﺼﺎﻻت ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﻓﻠـﻨﺞ ﻫـﺎي ﻫـﻢ زن‬3-4-3-7
7.3.4.4 The arrangements for the lifting of
equipment shall be determined at the design
stage.
‫ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻧﺤﻮه ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺮدن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬4-4-3-7
7.3.4.5 The design of all equipment shall allow
for access during the preparation of the surface
and application of the lining and for venting of
fumes evolved during the operation.
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬5-4-3-7
‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﺗـﺼﺎﻻت ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺣﺘـﻲ‬.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و در ﺑﺘﻦ ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﻮد‬
‫اﻻﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﻤﺠﻨﺲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛـﻪ ﺟﻮﺷـﻜﺎري ﺑـﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻳﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛـﻪ از‬،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ و اﺗﺼﺎﻻت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﮔـﺮ اﻳـﻦ اﻣـﺮ‬.‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺑﺘﻮان ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ را اﻧﺠـﺎم داد‬
‫ ﻣﻴﺘﻮان ﻳﻚ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ اﺗـﺼﺎل و ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬،‫ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟـﻨﺲ اﺗـﺼﺎﻻت ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣﻘـﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ‬
.‫ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد‬
‫آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺳﻄﺢ و اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ و ﺧـﺮوج ﺑﺨـﺎرات ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ از‬
.‫آن را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺳﺎزد‬
‫در ﻇﺮوف ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ درﻳﭽـﻪ آدم رو ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫ و ﻳـﻚ اﻧـﺸﻌﺎب اﺿـﺎﻓﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻗﻄـﺮ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬BS 470 ‫ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬75 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
In completely enclosed vessels there shall be at
least one manhole conforming to BS 470 and
one additional branch of not less than 75 mm
bore to permit adequate circulation of air.
7.3.4.6 All corners shall be designed to be
formed with a 45° fillet with a minimum leg
length of 20 mm.
‫ درﺟﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬45 ‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮش‬6-4-3-7
7.3.4.7 All equipment to be placed below ground
level or subject to external water pressure shall
be provided with a waterproof barrier on the
outside of the equipment.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات ﻛـﻪ در‬7-4-3-7
7.3.4.8 All equipment shall be designed with a
minimum of 20 mm of concrete over
reinforcement.
20 ‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺮاي ﺣـﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬8-4-3-7
7.3.5 Design of concrete equipment to be lined
with inorganic materials
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺘﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮار اﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﻮاد‬5-3-7
In addition to the provisions of 7.3.4 the
following consideration shall also be carried out:
:‫ اﺟﺮاي ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ‬4-3-7 ‫ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﺑﻨﺪ‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬20 ‫ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎق‬
‫زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ ﻗﺮار داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر آب ﺧـﺎرﺟﻲ ﻗـﺮار‬
.‫دارﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﻔﺎظ ﺿﺪ آب ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
37
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
7.3.5.1 Design of Concrete Equipment to be
Glass Lined.
.‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻌﺎب ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي‬1-5-3-7
7.3.5.1.1 Slopes of the surfaces shall be a
minimum of 3.2 mm to a maximum of 6.4 mm
per linear 30 cm (foot) and shall have attained a
minimum compressive strength of 21 MPa (3000
psi).
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺗـﺎ‬3/2 ‫ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬1-1-5-3-7
7.3.5.1.2 The anchoring system that is used shall
be placed at the specified centerline distance in a
diamond shape pattern with a random orientation
of anchor lines. The anchoring system shall
consist of V-type or longhorn studs.
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺣـﺪ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺧـﻂ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰي‬2-1-5-3-7
7.3.5.2 Design of Concrete Equipment to be
Brick Lined
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺘﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻗـﺮار اﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺎ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬2-5-3-7
7.3.5.2.1 Special attention shall be given to form
work for concrete equipment since bulging,
sagging, etc., in the equipment may cause the
lining to fail prematurely. Care shall be taken to
insure the inside forms of vessels are adequate to
prevent bowing in toward the center.
‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎص ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑـﺮاي ﺑـﺘﻦ ﻛـﺮدن ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات‬1-2-5-3-7
‫ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺧﻄـﻲ )ﻓـﻮت( ﺑـﻮده و‬30 ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ ﺑـﺮ‬6/4 ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ( ﻓـﺸﺎر‬3000) ‫ ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬21 ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
.‫را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه در ﻳﻚ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻟﻮزي ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺑـﺎ ﺧﻄـﻮط ﻣﻬـﺎر ﺑـﺪون‬
‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ‬V ‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﺎر ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎي‬.‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺧﺎص ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
.‫ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي دوﺳﺮ ﻛﺞ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
.‫آﺟﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺷﻜﻢ دادن و ﻏﻴﺮه در ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬،‫ﻣﺒﺬول ﮔﺮدد ﭼﻮن ﺗﺤﺪب‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ دﻗﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬.‫رﻳﺰش ﻧﺎﺑﻬﻨﮕﺎم ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫داﺧﻞ ﻇﺮوف از ﻗﻮس ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
‫ داﺷﺘﻦ ﻗﻮس ﺑــﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﻴﺮون ﺑﻬﺘـﺮ از داﺧـﻞ‬2-2-5-3-7
7.3.5.2.2 It is better to have bowing out rather
than in. In large rectangular vessels it is often
recommended to bow and batter the inside walls
to place the chemical resistant masonry lining in
compression upon thermal expansion. All
concrete tanks, regardless of shape, shall be
reinforced with steel. Where practical, the vessel
shall be poured monolithically to avoid "dry
joints" which are potentially weak.
‫ ﻗـﻮس و ﺧﻤﻴـﺪﮔﻲ در‬، ‫ در ﻇﺮوف ﻣـﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ ﺑـﺰرگ‬.‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻓـﺸﺎر ﻗـﺮار دادن ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻣﻘـﺎوم‬
‫ ﺗﻤـﺎم‬.‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺒـﺴﺎط ﺣﺮارﺗـﻲ ﭘﻴـﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮد‬
‫ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ دارﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﻻد ﺗﻘﻮﻳـﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻇـﺮف ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼـﻪ‬.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد و از اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺳﺮد ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻼً ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻫـﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﺟﺘﻨـﺎب‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬
،‫ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺟﺰﻳﻴـﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣـﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳـﻲ ﺧـﻮب‬3-2-5-3-7
7.3.5.2.3 In addition to good engineering design
details, it is desirable to have a smooth interior
surface when a flexible membrane type lining is
to be applied. A wood float finish generally is
desirable. Bolt holes, honeycombed surfaces,
etc. shall be filled with a stiff Portland cement
mortar. Rough projections or high spots shall be
removed by chipping or use of abrasive stone.
‫داﺷﺘﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺻﺎف ﺟﻬﺖ اﻋﻤـﺎل ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ اﻧﻌﻄـﺎف‬
‫ ﺑــﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻟـﻪ ﭼـﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﻄﻠـﻮب‬.‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺸﺒﻚ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬،‫ ﺳﻮراخ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﭻ‬.‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺮآﻣﺪﮔﻲ زﺑﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻨﻪ ﻳـﺎ‬.‫ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨﺪ ﭘﺮ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﺳﻨﺒﺎده ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
7.3.6 Fabrication of metal equipment to be
lined with organic materials
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻠﺰي ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮار اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ‬6-3-7
7.3.6.1 All metal-to-metal joints shall be made
by welding. Welds shall be homogeneous and
free of pores. Welds shall be ground smooth and
flush with the parent metal on the side to be
covered. Wherever possible they shall be made
from the side to be lined. Where this is not
possible the root shall be chipped out and a
sealing run shall be applied. Internal corner and
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻓﻠﺰي ﺑـﻪ ﻳﻜـﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻪ وﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬1-6-3-7
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺟﻮش ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧـﺖ و ﻋـﺎري از ﺧﻠـﻞ و‬.‫ﺟﻮش اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
‫ در ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺟـﻮش ﻫـﺎ را ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺎ‬.‫ﻓﺮج ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮓ زﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺻﺎف ﻧﻤـﻮد ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻓﻠـﺰ اﺻـﻠﻲ ﻫﻤـﺴﻄﺢ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺳﻤﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺷـﺪه‬،‫ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ ﺟﻮش را از ﻋﻤـﻖ‬،‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫اﻧﺠﺎم داد‬
38
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
tee joints shall be welded with full penetration.
Welds shall be ground smooth and concave to
the required radius. Welds shall be examined
according to applicable design codes.
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑـﺎ‬T ‫ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ و اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬.‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ و آﺑﺒﻨﺪي ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺳﻨﮓ زده‬.‫ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﻮش ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
، ‫و ﺑﻪ ﺷﻌﺎع ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻃﺮاﺣـﻲ‬
.‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬،‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ روي ﺳﻄﻮﺣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺪه‬2-6-3-7
7.3.6.2 All welds shall be continuous on surfaces
to be lined. Only butt joints shall be permitted on
surfaces to be lined. Stitch welding, spot welding
and other non-continuous welding processes
shall not be used.
‫ ﻓﻘﻂ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻟﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺐ روي ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣﺠـﺎز‬.‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮش و دﻳﮕﺮ‬،‫ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻲ‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ آﺳﺘﺮي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﺟﻮش ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر روﻧﺪ‬
7.3.6.3 Weld surfaces shall be smooth. Some
welding procedures provide surfaces of adequate
smoothness but, in other cases surfaces shall be
ground wholly or partly to removed weld
ripples. The grinding process shall be done so
that the remaining weld does not have sharp
edges.
‫ در ﺑﻌــﻀﻲ از‬.‫ ﺳــﻄﻮح ﺟﻮﺷــﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳــﺪ ﺻــﺎف ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‬3-6-3-7
7.3.6.4 Welding procedures shall be chosen to
avoid porosity on the side of the weld to be
lined.
‫ دﺳــﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫــﺎي ﺟﻮﺷــﻜﺎري ﺑﺎﻳــﺪ ﺑــﻪ ﺻــﻮرﺗﻲ‬4-6-3-7
‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫـﺎي ﺟﻮﺷـﻜﺎري اﻳﺠـﺎد ﺳـﻄﻮح ﺑـﻪ اﻧـﺪازه ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫ ﮔﺮد ﻧﻤﻮدن ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮداﺷـﺘﻦ ﻣـﻮج‬،‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ و در دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮارد‬
‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺳﻨﮓ زدن ﺗﺎ آﻧﺠﺎ اداﻣـﻪ ﻳﺎﺑـﺪ ﻛـﻪ در‬.‫ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﺰ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺟﻮش ﻫﺎ‬
‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔـﺮدد ﻛـﻪ از وﺟـﻮد ﺗﺨﻠﺨـﻞ در ﺟـﻮش در ﺳـﻤﺘﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬
.‫ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﮔﺮدد‬،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
It is preferable that capping runs are applied to
the lining side in order to minimize this effect.
‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎً درﭘﻮﺷﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن اﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ در ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬
.‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
All welds shall be free from the following
surface defects:
:‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻮش ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻒ( اﻳﺠﺎد ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ در رﻳﺸﻪ درز ﺟﻮش؛‬
a) Undercutting;
‫ب( ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ؛‬
b) cracks;
‫ج( ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ؛‬
c) porosity;
‫د( ﻫﺮﻧﻮع دﻳﮕﺮ از ﺣﻔﺮه ﺳﻄﺤﻲ؛‬
d) any other type of surface cavity;
.‫ﻫ( ﻋﺪم ذوب و اﺗﺼﺎل ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬
e) lack of fusion.
Weld defects that are exposed either on initial
inspection or after blast cleaning shall be
repaired.
‫ﻋﻴﻮب ﺟﻮش ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻳـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪ از ﺳﻨﺪﺑﻼﺳـﺖ ﺳـﻄﺢ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﮔﺮدد‬،‫ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
Repairs shall be by grinding or by welding (with
or without subsequent grinding) provided that
the requirements for equipment design and
fabrication are met.
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﮓ زدن ﻳﺎ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري )ﺑﺎ ﺳـﻨﮓ ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺪون‬
‫ﺳﻨﮓ زدن ﭘﻲ در ﭘﻲ( اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺗﺎ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و‬
.‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
7.3.6.5 Weld profile details shall be generally in
accordance with Figs. 9 to 13.
‫ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺟﻮش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬5-6-3-7
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬13 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬9
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
.‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻏﻠﻂ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
Incorrect details are also illustrated.
39
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
7.3.6.6 Filler materials, such as resin, putties,
fillers and low melting point solders and brazes,
shall not be used.
‫ و‬،‫ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﺘﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﻈﻴﺮ رزﻳﻦ‬6-6-3-7
7.3.6.7 Before the equipment is passed for
lining, all attachments to be made by welding,
for example lagging cleats and lifting lugs, shall
be complete.
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬،‫ ﻗﺒﻞ از ارﺳﺎل ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬7-6-3-7
7.3.6.8 All drilling shall be completed before the
equipment is passed for lining.
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻮراﺧﻜﺎري ﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻜﻤﻴـﻞ ﺑـﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬8-6-3-7
7.3.6.9 When the lining is to be thermo-formed
at corners, those corners shall be finished to a
radius of not less than 5 mm. When the lining is
to be bonded at corners, those corners shall be
finished to a radius of a nominal 1.5 mm.
‫ وﻗﺘﻲ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ در ﮔﻮﺷـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺣـﺮارت‬9-6-3-7
‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬،‫ زرد ﺟﻮش‬،‫ﻟﺤﻴﻢ ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ذوب ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
.‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﮔﻮه ﻫـﺎ و ﻗـﻼب‬،‫اﺟﺰاﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮔﻴﺮه ﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ‬5 ‫ ﺷﻌﺎع اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳـﺪ از‬،‫ﺷﻜﻞ داده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺷـﻌﺎع‬،‫ وﻗﺘﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ در ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮد‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬1/5 ‫اﺳﻤﻲ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﺪه ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ و ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ آن‬10-6-3-7
7.3.6.10 All slag, anti-spatter compounds or
similar materials shall be removed.
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻮش ﻫﺎي ﭘﺨﺶ ﺷﺪه روي ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ وﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﭼﻜـﺶ‬
.‫ﻛﺎري و ﻳﺎ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
All weld spatter shall be removed by chipping
and/or grinding.
7.3.6.11 Surface defects such as scores, pitting
and rolling defects, shall be removed by
grinding, or where necessary repaired by
welding provided that the requirements of design
and construction are met.
‫ ﺣﻔـﺮه و ﻋﻴـﻮب‬،‫ ﻋﻴﻮب ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ‬11-6-3-7
7.3.6.12 Rotating parts shall be balanced before
and after lining.
‫ ﻗﺒـﻞ و ﺑﻌـﺪ از اﺟـﺮا ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬،‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫـﺎي دوار‬12-6-3-7
‫ﻧﻮرد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻨﮓ از ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮود و ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻻزم اﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺎ‬
.‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ را ﺑﺮآورده ﺳﺎزد‬
.‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺷﻮد‬
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IPS-E-TP-350(1)
(a) weld flat and smooth
‫)اﻟﻒ( ﺟﻮش ﻣﺴﻄﺢ و ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬
(a) (‫)اﻟﻒ‬
(b)
weld flat and smooth
‫)ب( ﺟﻮش ﻣﺴﻄﺢ و ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬
(c)
(b) (‫)ب‬
weld convex and smooth
‫)ج( ﺟﻮش ﻣﺤﺪب و ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬
(d)
weld concave and smooth
(c) (‫)ج‬
‫)د( ﺟﻮش ﻣﻘﻌﺮ و ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬
(e)
weld undercut
‫)ﻫـ( آﻧﺪرﻛﺖ ﺟﻮش‬
(d) (‫)د‬
(f)
Excessive weld penetration
‫)و( ﺟﻮش ﺑﺎ ﻧﻔﻮذ زﻳﺎد‬
(g)
improper grinding
(e) (‫)ﻫـ‬
‫)ز(ﺳﻨﮓ زدن ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬
Fig. 9-WELD PROFILE DETAILS:
BUTT WELDS
Fig. 10- WELD PROFILE DETAILS:
EXTERNAL CORNERS AND EDGES
:‫ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺟﻮش‬-9‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
:‫ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺟﻮش‬-10‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺟﻮش ﻫﺎي ﻟﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺐ‬
‫ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
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:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
، (‫ )ج‬، ‫ ﻣﺠـﺎز‬9 ‫ )ب( در ﺷـﻜﻞ‬،(‫ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه )اﻟﻒ‬
.‫ )و( و )ز( ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺎز ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،(‫ )ﻫ‬،(‫)د‬
The details shown in (a), and (b) are permissible;
those shown in (c), (d), (e), (f) and (g) are not
permissible Fig. 9.
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫ ﻣﺠﺎز‬10 ‫ )ب( و )ج( در ﺷﻜﻞ‬،(‫ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه )اﻟﻒ‬
.‫و )د( ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺎز ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The details shown in (a), (b), (c) and (d) are
permissible; that shown in (e) is not permissible
Fig. 10.
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(a)
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
(‫)اﻟﻒ‬
(f )
(b)
(‫)ب‬
(g )
(c)
(d)
(e)
(‫)و‬
(‫)ز‬
(‫)ج‬
(‫)د‬
(‫)ه‬
Fig. 11-WELD PROFILE DETAILS: INTERNAL CORNERS AND EDGES
‫ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ‬:‫ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺑﺮش ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺟﻮش‬-11‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
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IPS-E-TP-350(1)
:‫ﻳﺎدآوريﻫﺎ‬
Notes:
1) The details shown in (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) and
(g) are permissible; that shown in (f) is not
permissible.
(‫ )و‬،(‫ )ﻫ‬،(‫ )د‬، (‫ )ج‬،(‫ )ب‬،(‫( ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه در )اﻟﻒ‬1)
2) The detail shown in (g) is to be used only
when the lining is bonded and is to be welded
at the internal corner.
‫( ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه در )و( وﻗﺘـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎر ﻣﻴـﺮود ﻛـﻪ‬2)
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺟﻮش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ ﻣﺠﺎز؛ و ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت )ز( ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬11 ‫در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
(a)
(d)
(a)
(b)
(e)
(b)
(c)
Fig. 12- WELD PROFILE DETAILS:
CONCAVE HEADS
(f)
Fig. 13-WELD PROFILE DETAILS:
FLANGES
‫ ﻛﻠﮕﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﻌﺮ‬:‫ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﺑﺮش ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺟﻮش‬-12‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﺑﺮش ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺟﻮش ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ‬-13‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
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:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت )اﻟﻒ( ﻣﺠﺎزﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ؛‬12 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
.‫ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت )ب( ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﻤﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬13 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
The detail shown in (a) is permissible;
that shown in (b) is not permissible.
Note:
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
The detail shown in (f) is to be used only when
the lining is bonded and it is welded at the
external corner.
‫ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت )و( ﻓﻘﻂ وﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻴﺮود ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﭼـﺴﺒﻴﺪه و در‬
.‫ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺟﻮش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
7.3.7 Fabrication of metal equipment to be
inorganic lined
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻠﺰي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣـﻮاد ﻣﻌـﺪﻧﻲ‬7-3-7
In addition to the provisions of 7.3.6 the
following consideration shall also be carried out:
:‫ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮد‬6-3-7 ‫ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﺑﻨﺪ‬
7.3.7.1 Pipe connections to glass lined
equipment shall be made only after the vessel
has been leveled and securely fastened to a
foundation. To avoid stress failures in glassed
pipe, the pipe must be adequately supported by
means of pipe hangers and allowance must be
made for expansion of the lines if surface
temperature is appreciably above room
temperature.
‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰاﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ از‬1-7-3-7
7.3.7.2 Enough pipe hangers must be provided
so that the weight of the pipe and its contents are
carried by the hangers rather than on the nozzles
of the vessel.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري وزن ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻪ اﻧـﺪازه ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ‬2-7-3-7
7.3.7.3 The welds shall be made as specified in
Table 4.
.‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬4 ‫ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره‬3 -7-3-7
7.3.8 Fabrication of concrete equipment to be
lined with organic materials
‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد‬8-3-7
7.3.8.1 All concrete equipment shall be
constructed in accordance with the requirements
of BS 8007 or BS 8110.
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات ﺑﺘﻨـﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس اﻟﺰاﻣـﺎت‬1-8-3-7
7.3.8.2 Proper curing of the concrete shall be
ensured by the use of curing membranes
wherever necessary. If shuttering is removed
under 7 days a curing membrane shall be
applied.
‫ ﺣــﺼﻮل اﻃﻤﻴﻨــﺎن از ﻋﻤــﻞ آﻣــﺪن ﺻــﺤﻴﺢ ﺑــﺘﻦ‬2-8-3-7
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘـﺲ از اﻳـﻦ ﻛـﻪ ﻇـﺮف ﺗـﺮاز و ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از‬.‫اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻧﺪاﺳﻴﻮن ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‬
،‫ﺧﺮاﺑﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﻨﺶ در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺷﻴﺸﻪاي‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ وﺳـﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧـﺪه ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻜـﻢ ﺷـﻮد و ﺟـﺎ ﺑـﺮاي‬
‫اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ دﻣﺎي ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از دﻣـﺎي اﺗـﺎق‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه و آوﻳـﺰ ﺗﻌﺒﻴـﻪ ﺷـﻮد ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮري ﻛـﻪ وزن ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎ و‬
.‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ روي ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎي ﻇﺮوف‬
.‫آﻟﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬BS 8007 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬BS 8110 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
‫درﺻﻮرت ﻟﺰوم ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻏﺸﺎء ﻫﺎي ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از‬،‫ روز ﺑـﺎز ﺷـﻮد‬7 ‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ از‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻏﺸﺎء ﺳﺨﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﻟﺰاﻣﻲ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ روز ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻞ آوردن ﺑﺘﻦ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬28 ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت‬
.‫ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬، ‫از اﻋﻤﺎل اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
Concrete equipment shall be allowed to cure for
28 days before the work of lining proceeds.
‫ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻫﺎي ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪه ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‬3-8-3-7
7.3.8.3 Equipment which is slip formed shall be
bagged as the concrete leaves the framework
before the curing membrane is applied.
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺲ از ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪن ﻗﺎﻟﺐ و ﺗﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﻏـﺸﺎء ﺳـﺨﺖ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
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Note:
.‫اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺣﺒﺎﺑﻬﺎ را ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داد‬
This process will reduce the amount of laitance.
‫ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪون ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻨﺪي اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ‬4-8-3-7
7.3.8.4 All concretes which have been not cast
against shutters or slip formed shall be float
finished.
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺷﻮد‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
In the case of equipment to be fitted with loose
linings a steel float or a wooden float may be
used. In the case of equipment where the lining is
to be bonded a wooden float finish shall be used.
‫در ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات از ﻧـﻮع ﻏﻴﺮﭼـﺴﺒﻨﺪه‬
‫ در‬.‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻳـﺎ ﭼـﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﺠـﺎز ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات از ﻧـﻮع ﭼـﺴﺒﻨﺪه ﺑـﻪ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
.‫ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
7.3.8.5 Any steps in the concrete due to
misalignment of shutters or surplus material
formed because of gaps at joints in shutters shall
be dressed off and ground smooth.
‫ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺮآﻣﺪﮔﻲ و ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻳﺠـﺎد ﺷـﺪه در ﺑـﺘﻦ‬5-8-3-7
7.3.8.6 All holes left after removal of ties to
secure and align formers shall be filled. Any
surface defects such that the aggregate is exposed
shall be filled. The material used for filling shall
be a sand/cement grout with a high cement
content or a sand/cement water miscible epoxy
resin grout or an epoxy resin mortar.
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻮراخ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪه ﻣﺤﻞ اﺗـﺼﺎل و ﺑـﺴﺘﻦ‬6-8-3-7
‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﺒﻮدن ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻫﺎ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺷﻜﺎف در‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺮاﺷﻴﺪه و ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺻﺎف ﺷﻮد‬،‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻧﺎﺻﺎﻓﻲ و ﻋﻴﻮب در ﺳﻄﻮح از ﻗﺒﻴـﻞ‬.‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﭘﺮﻛـﺮدن‬.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎن ﺑﻮدن ﺷﻦ‬
‫و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ دوﻏﺎب ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻋﻴﺎر ﺑـﺎﻻي ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن و‬
‫ﻳﺎ دوﻏﺎب ﻣﺨﻠﻮط اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ رزﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن و ﻳﺎ ﻣﻼت اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
.‫رزﻳﻦ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
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TABLE 4 - WELD TYPES OF GLASS LINED EQUIPMENT
‫ اﻧﻮاع ﺟﻮش ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي‬-4 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
‫ﻧﻮع‬
Enamel
‫ﻟﻌﺎب‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات‬
Welding on both sides also permissible
Angle β on the enamel side may range from 30 to
360° resulting edges on the enamel side shall be
rounded
.‫ﺟﻮش ﻛﺎري ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺠﺎز ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬360 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬30 ‫ در ﺳﻤﺖ ﻟﻌﺎب ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از‬β ‫داﻣﻨﻪ زاوﻳﻪ‬
.‫ﻟﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﺟﻮد آﻣﺪه در ﺳﻤﺖ ﻟﻌﺎب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﺮد ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Enamel
‫ﻟﻌﺎبﻟﻌﺎب‬
Enamel
‫ﻟﻌﺎب‬
‫ﻟﻌﺎب‬
Angle β on the enamel side may range from 30 to
320° resulting edges on the enamel side shall be
rounded
‫ ﻟﺒﻪﻫﺎي‬.‫ درﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬320 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬30 ‫ در ﺳﻤﺖ ﻟﻌﺎب ﻣﻤﻜﻦ از‬β ‫داﻣﻨﻪ زاوﻳﻪ‬
.‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮد آﻣﺪه در ﺳﻤﺖ ﻟﻌﺎب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﺮد ﺷﻮد‬
Enamel
‫ﻟﻌﺎب‬
‫ﻟﻌﺎب‬
Enamel
‫ﻟﻌﺎب‬
Enamel
‫ﻟﻌﺎب‬
Enamel
‫ﻟﻌﺎب‬
α = 45° ± 5°‫ﺧﻢ ﻛﺮدن ﺑﺎ اﻧﺤﻨﺎي ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
Roll in under α = 45° ± 5°
1)
Round off edge to r =
S
‫ ﮔﺮد ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‬r = S ‫( ﻟﺒﻪ را ﺗﺎ‬1
2
with r at least 2mm or chamfer at less than 45° to
2
S
2
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬S ‫ ﺗﺎ‬45° ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دو ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮﻳﺎ زاوﻳﻪ ﭘﺦ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬r ‫ﺑﻄﻮري ﻛﻪ‬
2
Enamel
‫ﻟﻌﺎب‬
(to be continued)
(‫)اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
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IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 4- (continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-4 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
‫ﻧﻮع‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات‬
Round off edge to r=2mm or chamfer accordingly at
less than 45°
Enamel
‫ درﺟﻪ‬45 ‫ ﺑﺎ زاوﻳﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮاز‬،‫ ﮔﺮد ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬r=2mm ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺷﻌﺎع‬
‫ﻟﺒﻪ را‬
.‫ﭘﺦ زده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻟﻌﺎب‬
Enamel
‫ﻟﻌﺎب‬
Gapless form closure of
the overlap
‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺪون درز‬
The maximum overlap length a. shall be 10mm .
3) Rounded to r ≥ 2mm
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬10 ‫( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬a) ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻃﻮل ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ‬
.‫ ﮔﺮد ﺷﻮد‬r ≥ 2mm ‫( ﺑﺎ ﺷﻌﺎع‬3
a
33
Enamel
‫ﻟﻌﺎب‬
Centre line of vessel
‫ﺧﻂ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﻇﺮف‬
Enamel
The maximum overlap length . a. shall be 10mm
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬10 ‫( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬a) ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻃﻮل ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ــــــــــــــ‬
Centre line of vessel
‫ﺧﻂ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﻇﺮف‬
Toes shall be finished without notches on the enamel side
Types 1 to 9 welds shall be made before enameling. Type 10 welds shall be made
after enameling .
10 ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﻠﻮ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻟﻌﺎب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون ﺷﻜﺎف ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ازﻟﻌﺎب ﻛﺎري‬10 ‫ ﺟﻮشﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد‬.‫ ﻗﺒﻞ ازﻟﻌﺎب ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬9 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬1 ‫ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎي ﻣﻮارد‬
.‫ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد‬
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‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬-8
8. SELECTION OF LINING MATERIAL
8.1 Selection of the type, and the thickness of
lining to be used shall be based on the duty for
which it is intended (see Table 6).
‫ اﻧﺘﺨــﺎب ﻧــﻮع و ﺿــﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ داﺧﻠــﻲ ﻣــﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻳــﺪ‬1-8
8.2 For the final selection of lining which to be
used and the method of application, which shall
be made in conjunction with the materials
specialist and the lining contractor, the following
details shall be considered. The designer who
selects the lining, with regard to this Engineering
Standard, shall verify that such a lining will
withstand existing chemical and physical
conditions and meet all requirements of this
Engineering Standard. Full details of lining shall
be submitted to the Company for approval.
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ و روش اﻋﻤـﺎل آن ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬2-8
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬6 ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد آن ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد )ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬
‫ﺑﺎﺣﻀﻮر ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻣﻮاد و ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر اﺟـﺮا ﻛﻨﻨـﺪه ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬.‫ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬،‫اﻧﺠﺎم و ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت زﻳﺮ‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬،‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ را اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‬
‫را ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ از ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣــﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﺷــﺮاﻳﻂ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜــﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد و ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي اﻳـﻦ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‬
‫ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣـﺎ‬،‫ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺗـﺼﻮﻳﺐ‬
.‫اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬3-8
8.3 Process Information to be Established
‫ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣـﻮاد‬1-3-8
8.3.1 Full analysis of the contents equipment
including constituents present in small and trace
quantities, and details of cleaning operations.
.‫ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻠﻪ در ﻣﻘﺪار ﻛﻢ و ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎري‬
:‫ دﻣﺎي ﻣﻮادي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﺷﻮد‬2-3-8
8.3.2 Temperature of material to be handled:
‫ دﻣﺎي ﻋﺎدي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دﻣﺎ‬‫ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات دﻣﺎ‬-
- Normal operating temperature
- Maximum and minimum temperature
- Cycle of temperature variation
:‫ درﺟﻪ ﺧﻼء ﻳﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر‬3-3-8
8.3.3 Degree of vacuum or pressure:
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻋﺎدي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر‬‫ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻓﺸﺎر‬-
- Normal operating pressure
- Maximum and minimum pressures
- Cycle of pressure variation
8.3.4 Cycle of operations:
:‫ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬4-3-8
Whether batch or continuous process.
.‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي‬
:‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ و ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ‬5-3-8
8.3.5 Abrasion and erosion:
‫ اﻧﺪازه ذره و وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫـﺎي ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜـﻲ ﻣـﺎده ﻣﻌﻠـﻖ‬، ‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت‬
.‫ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
Details of amount, particle size and physical
characteristics of the suspended matter together
with rates of flow.
:‫ ﺻﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬6-3-8
8.3.6 Mechanical damage:
‫ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨـﻲ در ﺟﺎﺑﺠـﺎﻳﻲ و ﻧـﺼﺐ ﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ‬
.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻟﺮزش ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و اﻣﻜﺎن ﺻﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
Any difficulties expected in the handling and
final siting of the equipment or any vibration of
equipment and the possibility of mechanical
damage.
‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ وري‬7-3-8
8.3.7 Immersion conditions:
‫در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻗﺮار ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺑـــﻪ ﺻـﻮرت داﻳـﻢ ﻳـﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎوب ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از آن ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ در ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﭘﺮ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Constant or intermittent immersion of the lining,
and partially or completely filled operation.
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‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ وﻳﮋه‬8-3-8
8.3.8 Special conditions:
For example, extremes of weather likely to be
encountered during the handling, transport and
storage of the equipment.
‫ ﺣﻤﻞ و‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﻮي اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً درﺣﻴﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬
.‫ﻧﻘﻞ و اﻧﺒﺎر ﻛﺮدن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
8.4 Material Characteristics to be Considered
‫ وﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎي ﻣﻮاد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬4-8
8.4.1 Chemical Resistance of the Lining (see
Table 6 and relevant table in each individual
section)
‫ و‬6 ‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣــﺖ ﺷــﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ داﺧﻠــﻲ )ﺑــﻪ ﺟــﺪول‬1-4-8
8.4.1.1 Unless documented previous experience
demonstrates that a lining will be suitable for a
particular duty, appropriate testing shall be
carried out. When testing is required service
conditions shall be reproduce accurately, (see
ASTM C-581, ASTM D-543, ASTM D-531).
‫ ﺑﻐﻴﺮ از ﺗﺠﺎرب ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮدن‬1-1-4-8
.(‫ﺟﺪول ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آن در ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺠﺰا ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ آزﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎت‬،‫ﻫﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺧﺎص ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲ ﻛـــﻪ آزﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﻻزم ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﭘـﺬﻳﺮد‬
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑـﺎ دﻗﺖ ﺑﺎزﺳـﺎزي ﺷـﻮد )ﺑـﻪ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
ASTM C-581 ‫ و‬ASTM D-543 ،ASTM D531
(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗـﺮار دادن ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎ در ﺟﺮﻳـﺎن ﻫـﺎي ﻓﺮآﻳﻨـﺪي‬
.‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺷـﺒﻴﻪ ﺳـﺎزي ﺷـﻮد‬،‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷـﺪه ﻛـﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ در ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ‬
،‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺗﺒﺎدل ﺣﺮارت از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ آن ﺻـﻮرت ﮔﻴـﺮد‬
.‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت در ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﻣﻮاد اﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪه در ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ در ﻣﻘـﺎدﻳﺮ‬
.‫ﻛﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
Where it is not possible to place samples in
process streams, service condition shall be
simulated. Where it is known that a lining has to
withstand an environment where heat transfer is
made through the lining, the heat transfer
condition shall be maintained during the test.
Substances including dissolved gasses present in
a process stream in trace quantities only shall be
added to the test liquors.
8.4.1.2 When selecting the lining effect of
materials on water shall be considered (see
Appendix D).
‫ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣـﻮاد روي‬2-1-4-8
8.4.2 For physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Lining (see Table 8)
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻮاص ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ و ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ )ﺑـﻪ‬2-4-8
.(‫ )ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ )د( ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬.‫آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
.(‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮد‬8 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
.‫ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬1-2-4-8
8.4.2.1 Available form of material.
.‫ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ و ﺳﺎﻳﺶ‬2-2-4-8
8.4.2.2 Abrasion and erosion aspects.
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـﻪ‬8 ‫ ﺷﻜﻞ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري )ﺑﻪ ﺟـﺪول‬3-2-4-8
8.4.2.3 Shape and weld ability (see Table 8).
.(‫ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻼء ﻳﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر‬4-2-4-8
8.4.2.4 Vacuum or pressure resistance.
8.4.2.5 Thermal expansion of the lining material.
.‫ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﺎده ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬5-2-4-8
8.4.2.6 Creep characteristics of the lining
material.
.‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺧﺰش ﻣﺎده ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬6-2-4-8
8.4.2.7 Liability of the lining material to stress
crack in the particular environment.
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗـﺮك ﺗﻨـﺸﻲ‬7-2-4-8
.‫در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص‬
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8.4.2.8 Whether or not the lining is to be bonded
to the substrate and the temperature limit of the
adhesive system when used.
‫ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪن ﻳﺎ ﻧﭽﺴﺒﻴﺪن ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠـﺰ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ‬8-2-4-8
8.4.2.9 Effect of vacuum on loose linings.
(‫ اﺛﺮ ﺧﻼء روي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ آزاد )ﻧﭽﺴﺒﻴﺪه‬9-2-4-8
‫در ﻣﺤﺪوده دﻣﺎي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﺴﺐ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
:‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ‬3-4-8
8.4.3 Other Characteristics
.‫ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬1-3-4-8
8.4.3.1 Maintainability of the lining.
. ‫ در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﻮدن ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬2-3-4-8
8.4.3.2 Availability of lining material.
.‫ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎده ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬3-3-4-8
8.4.3.3 Handling of lining material.
8.4.3.4 Compatibility of lining with the substrate
material: Efficiently compatible lining material
with the substrate; concrete and metal parts (see
Table 5).
‫ ﺳـﺎزﮔﺎري‬.‫ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬4-3-4-8
‫ ﺑـﺘﻦ و ﻗﻄﻌـﺎت ﻓﻠـﺰي )ﺑـﻪ‬،‫ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺟـﻨﺲ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬5 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
8.4.3.5 Thickness of lining; The thickness of
finished lining depends upon the material
selected and the duties for which it is intended
(see Table 9).
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬:‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬5-3-4-8
8.4.4 Complexity and Shape of Equipment to be
Lined.
‫ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ و ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬4-4-8
8.4.4.1 The size, configuration and complexity
of shape of substrate has an important bearing on
the suitability of the particular lining material.
‫ ﻧﺤﻮه ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﺟـﺰاء ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻨـﺪه و‬،‫ اﻧﺪازه‬1-4-4-8
‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎده اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد آن دارد )ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬9
.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ در دوام و ﻛـﺎرآﻳﻲ ﻳـﻚ‬
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ دارد‬
‫ اﻟﻴـﺎف‬،‫ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ‬2-4-4-8
‫ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬،‫ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﻟﻴﺎف ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳـﺖ ﻣﺤـﺪودﻳﺖ ﻫـﺎﻳﻲ در‬.‫را ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ دﻫﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺷﻜﻞ دﻫﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ اﻧﺤﻨﺎء دوﺗﺎﺋﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
8.4.4.2 Some of the lining materials are backed
with rubber, glass fiber or other fiber to enable
the lining to be bonded to the substrate. There
may be limitations on shaping, such as double
curvature.
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬8 ‫ روش اﻋﻤﺎل )ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬5-4-8
8.4.5 Method of Application (see Table 8)
8.4.5.1 The required surface preparation (see
Table 5).
5 ‫ ﻣﻴﺰان آﻣﺎده ﺳـﺎزي ﺳـﻄﺢ )ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﺪول ﺷـﻤﺎره‬1-5-4-8
.(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
8.4.5.2 The process and equipments shall be
used for application installation.
‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺮاي اﺟـﺮاي ﻧـﺼﺐ‬2-5-4-8
.‫ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬3-5-4-8
8.4.5.3 Field or shop application.
8.4.5.4 Curing condition.
.‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن‬4-5-4-8
8.4.6 Economics of lining
‫ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬6-4-8
The costs associated with the use of lining which
shall be considered in selection of lining are
mainly as follows:
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛـﻪ در اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب‬
:‫ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
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.‫ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬1-6-4-8
8.4.6.1 Cost of lining material(s).
.‫ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ اﻋﻤﺎل‬2-6-4-8
8.4.6.2 Cost of application.
.‫ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري‬3-6-4-8
8.4.6.3 Cost of maintenance.
‫ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺼﺐ و ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ ﻛﻪ از‬4-6-4-8
8.4.6.4 Extra cost for installation and
transportation due to possibility of mechanical
damage.
.‫ﺧﺴﺎرت اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ وﺳﺎﻳﻞ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن‬5-6-4-8
8.4.6.5 Personnel safety equipment.
‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽـﻪ ﺑﻴــﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﻗــﻒ ﻫــﺎ را ﺑﺘــﻮان ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﻳــﻚ‬6-6-4-8
8.4.6.6 In cases where major shutdowns can be
avoided through the use of a certain lining, the
economic advantages of such lining will be
clear. Other cases will require detailed economic
evaluations.
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺧﺎص ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﻤﻮد ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﭼﻨـﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺷـﺸﻲ‬
‫ در ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻻزم ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬.‫واﺿﺢ اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﺷﺪ‬
52
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TABLE 5 - TYPE OF THE SURFACE PREPARATION AND SUBSTRATE TO BE LINED
‫ ﻧﻮع آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺳﻄﺢ و ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﻮد‬-5 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
No.
‫ردﻳﻒ‬
LINING MATERIAL
‫ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
SHAPE
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
REQUIRED
SURFACE
PREPARATION
TYPE OF SUBSTRATE
‫ﻣﻴﺰان آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
METAL
CONCRETE
‫ﻓﻠﺰ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
ISO 8501-1
‫ﻧﻮع ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
Thermoplastic
‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
Sheet
1
PE
2
PE
3
PP
4
PP
5
PVC
6
PVC
7
PVDF
8
PVDF
9
FEP
10
FEP
11
PTFE
12
PTFE
13
PFA
14
PFA
15
E-CTFE
16
E-CTFE
17
Nylon (Polyamid)
18
19
‫ورق‬
Non –sheet
‫ﻏﻴﺮورق‬
Sheet
‫ورق‬
Non –sheet
‫ﻏﻴﺮورق‬
Sheet
‫ورق‬
Non –sheet
‫ﻏﻴﺮورق‬
Sheet
‫ورق‬
Non –sheet
‫ﻏﻴﺮورق‬
Sheet
‫ورق‬
Non –sheet
‫ﻏﻴﺮورق‬
Sheet
‫ورق‬
Non –sheet
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ورق‬
Sheet
‫ورق‬
Non –sheet
‫ﻏﻴﺮورق‬
(‫ﻧﺎﻳﻠﻮن )ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪ‬
Sheet
‫ورق‬
Non –sheet
‫ﻏﻴﺮورق‬
Non –sheet
‫ﻏﻴﺮورق‬
Non –sheet
EVA
‫ﻏﻴﺮورق‬
Non –sheet
Fusion-bonded epoxy
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﺠﻮﺷﻲ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮورق‬
Sa 2½
×
×
Sa 2½
×
--
Sa 2½
×
×
Sa 2½
×
--
Sa 2½
×
×
Sa 2½
×
--
Sa 2½
×
×
Sa 2½
×
--
Sa 2½
×
×
Sa 2½
×
--
Sa 2½
×
×
Sa 2½
×
--
Sa 2½
×
×
Sa 2½
×
--
Sa 2½
×
×
Sa 2½
×
--
Sa 2½
×
--
Sa 2½
×
--
Sa 2½
×
--
B-Thermosetting
‫ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﻴﻨﮓ‬- ‫ب‬
20
Phenol-formaldehyde ‫ﻓﻨﻞ– ﻓﻮرﻣﺎﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ‬
All shapes
21
Epoxy-phenolic
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ – ﻓﻨﻠﻴﻚ‬
All shapes
‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬
(to be continued)
Sa 2½
×
--
Sa 2½
×
--
(‫)اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
53
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 5 –(continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-5 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
No.
Furanes
25
Polyurethanes
26
Polychloroprene
C-Rubbers
27
NR
28
IR
29
IIR
30
NBR
31
CSM
32
FKM
33
CR
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﻴﺮﻳﻦ‬
Glass
36
Porcelain
37
Ceramic
39
Sheet
‫ورق‬
Sheet
‫ورق‬
Sheet
‫ورق‬
Sheet
‫ورق‬
Sheet
‫ورق‬
Sheet
‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺰ‬
Sa 2½
×
×
Sa 2½
×
×
Sa 2½
×
×
‫ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ‬- C
Sa 2½
×
×
Sa 2½
×
×
Sa 2½
×
×
Sa 2½
×
×
Sa 2½
×
×
Sa 2½
×
×
Sa 2½
×
×
‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
--
Sa 2½
×
---
‫ﻇﺮوف ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬
--
Sa 2½
×
---
--
Sa 2½
×
---
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ و اﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ‬
‫ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ‬، ‫ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬- D
‫ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ‬
E-Bricks
Acid-resistant brick&Tile
Fabricated
‫ آﺟﺮﻫﺎ‬-E
‫آﺟﺮ و ﻣﻮزاﻳﻴﻚ ﻣﻘﺎوم اﺳﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
Porcelain tiles (unglazed)
Fabricated
(‫ﻣﻮزاﻳﻴﻚ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻴﻨﻲ )ﻏﻴﺮﺑﺮاق‬
‫آﺟﺮﻫﺎي ﮔﺮاﻓﻴﺘﻲ‬
42
Silicon carbide bricks ‫آﺟﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﻛﺎرﺑﻴﺪ‬
48
CONCRETE
×
Graphit bricks
47
METAL
ISO 8501-1
×
41
46
‫ﻧﻮع ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
Sa 2½
‫آﺟﺮﻫﺎي ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ‬
45
TYPE OF SUBSTRATE
‫ورق‬
Sheet‫ورق‬
Carbon bricks
44
All shapes
‫ﻫﺮﻧﻮع اﺷﻜﺎل‬
Liquid‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ورق‬
40
43
All shapes
‫ﻫﺮﻧﻮع اﺷﻜﺎل‬
Sheet
Hard&Ebonite rubber
35
REQUIRED
SURFACE
PREPARATION
‫ﻣﻴﺰان آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﻓﻮران ﻫﺎ‬
D-Glass, ceramic
38
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
24
34
SHAPE
LINING MATERIAL
‫ردﻳﻒ‬
F-Cements
Silicate base cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ‬
Phenol formaldehyde cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻓﻨﻞ ﻓﻮرﻣﺎﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ‬
Furane resin cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن رزﻳﻦ ﻓﻮران‬
Reinforced epoxy cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪه‬
Phenolic furfuraldehyde cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻓﻨﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﻮرﻓﻮرآﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ‬
Sulfur cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
Fabricated
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
Fabricated
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
Fabricated
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
Sa 2
×
×
Sa 2
×
---
Sa 2
×
×
Sa 2
×
---
Sa 2
×
--‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ‬- F
--
Sa 2
×
---
--
Sa 2
×
---
--
Sa 2
×
×
--
Sa 2
×
×
--
Sa 2
×
×
--
Sa 2
×
×
54
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 5 –(continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-5 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
No.
‫ردﻳﻒ‬
SHAPE
LINING MATERIAL
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
REQUIRED
SURFACE
PREPARATION
‫ﻣﻴﺰان آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺳﻄﺢ‬
ISO 8501-1
49
TYPE OF SUBSTRATE
‫ﻧﻮع ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
METAL
Polyester based cement ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
Cold applied bitumen
‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺰ‬
Sa 2
--
×
×
‫ ﻗﻴﺮ و ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر‬- G
G-Bitumen and coal tar
50
CONCRETE
‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﺳﺮد اﺟﺮا‬
51
Hot applied bitumen
52
Cold applied coal tar
‫ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﺳﺮد اﺟﺮا‬
53
Hot applied coal tar
‫ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﮔﺮم اﺟﺮا‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﮔﺮم اﺟﺮا‬
×
Means the lining material can be used.
---
Means the lining material shall not be used.
Liquid
Sa 2
×
×
Solid
Sa 2
×
×
Liquid to paste ‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
Sa 2
×
×
Solid
Sa 2
×
×
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﻤﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪ‬
55
.‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮان از ﻣﺎده ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‬
×
.‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﺎده ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
---
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
REFERENCE TO TABLE 6
56
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 7- WORKING TEMPERATURE FOR LINING
‫ دﻣﺎي ﻛﺎري ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬-7 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
NO.
LINING
MATERIAL
Max. WORKING
TEMP. °C
LINING
MATERIAL
‫ردﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻣﺎده ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣﺎي ﻛﺎري‬
‫ﻣﺎده ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
Max.
WORKING
TEMP. °C
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣﺎي ﻛﺎري‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
1
Polyethylene – PE
2
Polypropylene – PP
3
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
60-65
20
Butyl rubber (11R)
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻮﺗﻴﻞ‬
120
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ‬
90-100
21
Nitril rubber (NBR)
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ‬
110
60-90
22
Chloro sulfonated poly ethylene.
(CSM)
‫ﻛﻠﺮرو ﺳﺎﻟﻔﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
100
Polyvinyl chloride PVC
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
Hard & Ebonite
4
E. CTEF
120-140
23
5
PTFE
160-200
24
Fluorinated rubber (FKM)
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﻨﻪ‬
200
90-110
25
Chloroprene rubber (CR)
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
90
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ و اﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ‬
90
6
PVDF
7
PFA
160
26
Glass and porcelain
8
FEP
120
27
Ceramic
9
Polyamide
80
28
Brick and tiles
80
29
Silicate base cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت‬
900
---
30
Phenolic furfuraldehyde cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻓﻨﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﻮرﻓﻮراﻟﺪ ﻫﻴﺪ‬
180
80-150
31
Furan resin cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن رزﻳﻦ ﻓﻮران‬
220
90-150
32
Reinforced epoxy cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪه‬
90
10
‫ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪ‬
Fusion bonded epoxy
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﺠﻮﺷﻲ‬
11
EVA
12
Phenol formaldehyde ‫ﻓﻨﻞ ﻓﻮرﻣﺎﻟﺪوﻫﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ و ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ‬
‫آﺟﺮ و ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﻫﺎ‬
200-260
200
65-200
13
Epoxy phenolic
14
Poly chloprene (liquid) (‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ )ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
100
33
Phenol formaldehyde cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻓﻨﻞ ﻓﻮرﻣﺎﻟﺪي ﻫﺎﻳﺪ‬
180
15
Furan
140
34
Sulfur cement
90
16
Polyester
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
70-130
35
Polyester based cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
120
17
Polyurethane
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن‬
140
36
Coal tar
‫ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ذﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ‬
32
90-140
37
Bitumen
‫ﻗﻴﺮ‬
32
18
19
‫ﻓﻨﻠﻴﻚ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻮران‬
Liquid epoxy lining
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
Natural or synthetic Polyisoprene
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﻳﺰوﭘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬
100
57
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﮔﻮﮔﺮدي‬
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 8 - PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LININGS
‫ وﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎي ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ و ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ‬-8 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
TABLE 8.1 - SPECIFICATION OF SHEET THERMOPLASTICS LINING
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ورق ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬1-8 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
NO.
‫ردﻳﻒ‬
SHEET
THERMOPLASTICS
SHAPE
ABILITY
WELD
ABILITY
AVAILABLE
FORM
TYPE OF
APPLICATION
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮه اﺟﺮا‬
UPVC sheet
UPVC ‫ورق‬
PVC sheet
PVC ‫ورق‬
Bond or
Loose
‫ورق ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
1
PVC
G
G
LDPE sheet
2
3
4
5
6
PE
PP
E. CTFE
PVDF
FEP
B
G
B
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
LDPE ‫ورق‬
HDPE sheet
HDPE ‫ورق‬
sheets with glass or
synthetic fiber or
rubber backing
‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪه ﻳﺎ آزاد‬
Normally
Loose
‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﻋﺎدي آزاد‬
Bond or
Loose
REMARK
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) softens
and loses strength as the temperature increases
(more than 85°C).
‫( ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ درﺟﻪ‬UPVC)‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮاﻳﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻧﺮم ﺷﺪه و اﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎم ﺧﻮد‬85 ‫ﺣﺮارت )ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
.‫را از دﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‬
Susceptible to environmental stress cracking in
polar organic.
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺗﺮك ﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺸﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ در ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ‬
The backing material can impose limitation on the
thermal forming process (shopping). Glass fiber
backed is not readily formed into
complex
shapes.
‫ورﻗﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺎ اﻟﻴﺎف ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪه ﻳﺎ آزاد‬
‫ﻣﺎده ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ را ﻣﺤﺪود‬
‫ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ اﻟﻴﺎف ﺷﻴﺸﻪ آﻣﺎدﮔﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮي‬،(‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ)ﻛﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ راﻧﺪارد‬
sheet with a glass fiber
backing
Bond or
Loose
The backing material impose limitation on the
thermoforming process (shopping)
‫ورق ﺑﺎ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ اﻟﻴﺎف‬
‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
sheets with glass or
synthetic fiber or
rubber backing Bond
or loose
‫ورﻗﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ اﻟﻴﺎف ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺸﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪه ﻳﺎ آزاد‬
sheet with or without
glass fiber backing
‫ورق ﺑﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺪون ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻴﺎف ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪه ﻳﺎ آزاد‬
‫ﻣﺎده ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ را ﻣﺤﺪود ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‬
(‫)آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻲ‬
Bond or
Loose
The backing material can impose limitation on the
thermal process.
‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪه ﻳﺎ آزاد‬
Bond or
Loose
‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪه ﻳﺎ آزاد‬
‫ﻣﺎده ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ را ﻣﺤﺪود ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‬
- When FEP is bonded to a substrate the
maximum service temperature will be
determined by the adhesive used.
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺟﻪ‬FEP ‫ اﮔﺮ‬-
.‫ﺣﺮارت ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺑﺎ ﭼﺴﺐ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
- In the case of glass backed material the
complexity of the formed shape may be limited.
‫ در ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬.‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺷﻮد‬
7
8
PFA
PTFE
G
No
G
G
up to 4
mm
Thickness
‫ﺗﺎﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬4
sheet with or without
glass and carbon fiber
Backing
‫ورق ﺑﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺪون ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
‫و اﻟﻴﺎف ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬
Sheet with or without
glass fiber backing
‫ورق ﺑﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺪون ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ اﻟﻴﺎف‬
‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
"G" means: Good.
Bond or
Loose
---
‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪه ﻳﺎ آزاد‬
usually
Loose
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً آزاد‬
The process is very difficult and required special
techniques and equipment.
‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﻮده و ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
.‫وﻳﮋه دارد‬
‫"ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺧﻮب‬G"
‫" ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺪ‬B"
"B" means: Bad.
58
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 8.2 - SPECIFICATION OF NON-SHEET THRMOPLASTICS LINING
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻏﻴﺮ ورق‬2-8 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
NO.
‫ردﻳﻒ‬
NON-SHEET
THERMOPLASTIC
AVAILABLE
FORM
TYPE OF
APPLICATION
‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻏﻴﺮورق‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس‬
‫اﻧﻮاع اﺟﺮا‬
- Dip
Powder (UPVC)
1
PVC
‫ﭘﻮدر‬
Plastisol (PVC) ‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻲ ﺳﻞ‬
‫ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور‬- Spray
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬- Fluid bed ‫ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺎل‬-
PE
- Powder
‫ ﭘﻮدر‬-
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
Some solvents e.g. aromatic hydrocarbons,
will extract the plasticizer and after
evaporation of the solvent the lining will be
hard and liable to develop cracks.
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺣﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي آروﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻧﺮم‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬،‫ از ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺣﻼل‬.‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ را ﺧﺎرج ﻛﺮده‬
.‫ﺳﺨﺖ و ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮك ﺧﻮردن ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬- Fluid bed ‫ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺎل‬-
All three grades of PE (low, medium and
high density) have susceptibility for
environmental stress. cracking in
polar
organic liquids.
(‫ )ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻢ – ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ – زﻳﺎد‬PE ‫ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ درﺟﻪ‬
- Spray
Polypropylene lined pipe and fitting are
suitable for conveying corrosive liquid and
gases in operating pressures up to 10 bar.
- Spray
2
REMARK
.‫ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺗﺮك ﺗﻨﺸﻲ در ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت آﻟﻲ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
3
PP
4
E.CTFE
5
PVDF
6
FEP
7
PFA
8
PTFE
- Powder
‫ ﭘﻮدر‬-
Powder
‫ﭘﻮدر‬
- Dispersion
- Powder
‫ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ‬‫ ﭘﻮدر‬-
- Dispersion
‫ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ‬‫ ﭘﻮدر‬-
- Dispersion
‫ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ‬-
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و اﺗﺼﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺎﻳﻊ و‬
.‫ ﺑﺎر ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬10 ‫ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه در ﻓﺸﺎر ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﺎ‬
- Spray
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬- Fluid bed ‫ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺎل‬-
Similar as characteristic noted for PP
.‫ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬PP ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
- Dip
‫ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور‬- Spray
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬- Fluid bed ‫ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺎل‬-
Similar as characteristic noted for PP
.‫ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬PP ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
- Dip
‫ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور‬‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬-
Similar as characteristic noted for PP
.‫ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬PP ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
- Spray
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬- Fluid bed ‫ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺎل‬-
Similar as characteristic noted for PP
.‫ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬PP ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
- Dip
PTFE lining are resistant to most chemicals
but because of the presence of pinholes, are
not used for corrosion protection.
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوم‬PTFE ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
- Spray
- Powder
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬-
- Fluid bed ‫ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺎل‬-
- Spray
‫ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور‬‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬-
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺣﻀﻮر ﺳﻮراخ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻮزﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻧﻤﻲ روﻧﺪ‬
9
EVA
- Spray
Powder
‫ﭘﻮدر‬
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬- Fluid bed ‫ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺎل‬-
EVA has excellent weather resistance. It may
be applied to a variety of metals including
zinc, without use of primer and adhesion to
the substrate is excellent.
‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ‬.‫ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻫﻮا ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ دارد‬EVA
‫روي ﻓﻠﺰات ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻨﺠﻤﻠﻪ روي ﺑﺪون آﺳﺘﺮي اﺟﺮا‬
.‫ﺷﻮد و ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
10
11
Nylon
Powder
‫ﻧﺎﻳﻠﻮن‬
‫ﭘﻮدر‬
Fusion bonded epoxy
Powder
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﺠﻮﺷﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻮدر‬
- Spray
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬- Fluid bed ‫ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺎل‬-
- Spray
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬- Fluid bed ‫ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺎل‬-
59
The grades of nylon available for power coating
are Nylon 11 and 12. (See ASTM-D-785)
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬12 ‫ و‬11 ‫اﻧﻮاع ﻧﺎﻳﻠﻮن ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASTM-D-785 ‫ )ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬.‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
Fusion-bonded epoxy coatings are suitable
for the interior and exterior of steel pipe lines
installed under ground or under water (see
API-RP-5L7 and AWWA-C 213).
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﺠﻮﺷﻲ ﺑﺮاي داﺧﻞ و ﺧﺎرج‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻮﻻدي ﻣﺪﻓﻮن در ﺧﺎك و زﻳﺮ آب ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ و‬AWWA C-213 ‫ )ﺑـــﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫـــﺎي‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬API-RP-5L7
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 8.3 - SPECIFICATION OF THERMOSET POLYMER LININGS
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮي ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬3-8 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
THERMOSET
RESIN
‫رزﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬
Phenol Formaldehyde
CURING
‫ﻧﺤﻮه ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن‬
AVAILABLE
FORM
TYPE OF
APPLICATION
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮه اﺟﺮا‬
Stoved
Liquid
Spray
‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬
Epoxy-phenolic
Stoved
Liquid
Spray
‫ ﻓﻨﻠﻴﻚ‬- ‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻞ ﻓﻮرﻣﺎﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ‬
Polyester
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
Epoxy
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
Furan
‫ﻓﻮران‬
Polyurethane
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن‬
Polychloro preen
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
Cold
Curing
‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن در‬
‫دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
Cold
Curing
‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن در‬
‫دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
Cold
Curing
‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن در‬
‫دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
Cold
curing
Backed
‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن در‬
‫دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﻧﻮع ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪه‬
Cold
Curing
‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن در‬
‫دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
Liquid
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
Spray, brushing
Trowelling
‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‬،‫ ﺑﺮس‬،‫ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻴﺪن‬
REMARKS
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
This lining have good resistance to erosion. For lining
application several coats are necessary in order to
achieve the specified thickness. When defects are
discovered, the lining shall be cleaned and abraded to
wherever resin is to be applied.
‫ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ دارد‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ‬،‫رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪه و ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺷﺪه و‬،‫ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﻮاﻗﺺ‬.‫اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﻮد‬
.‫رزﻳﻦ اﻋﻤﺎل ﮔﺮدد‬
Similar as characteristic is noted for phenolformaldehyde.
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻨﻞ – ﻓﻮرﻣﺎﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The different types of polyester used for lining include
isophthalic, terephthalic, orthophtalic bisphenol, vinyl
ester and HET acid. Polyester is used with or without
reinforced material.
‫ اورﺗﻮﻓﺘﺎﻟﻴﻚ‬،‫ ﺗﺮﻓﺘﺎﻟﻴﻚ‬،‫اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ اﻳﺰوﻓﺘﺎﻟﻴﻚ‬
‫ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬،HET ‫ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ اﺳﺘﺮ و اﺳﻴﺪ‬،‫ﺑﻴﺲ ﻓﻨﻞ‬
.‫ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺪون ﻣﻮاد ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Typical grades of epoxy are used for lining: Amine
cured solvent containing, poly amide cured solvent
containing, high solid epoxy, solvent-free epoxy, coal
tar epoxy.
Liquid
Spray
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ درﺟﺎت اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪه ﺑﺎ آﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺣﻼل ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻋﺎري‬،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬
. ‫ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر‬،‫از ﺣﻼل‬
Liquid
Brush, roller,
trowel, spray
This resin shall be used with reinforcing fillers. The
final coat is un-reinforced resin.
،‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‬،‫ ﻏﻠﺘﻚ‬،‫ﺑﺮس‬
‫ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬
‫ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬.‫اﻳﻦ رزﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬
.‫رزﻳﻨﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
The typical grades of polyurethane are used for lining:
Backed, Air dry and coal tar polyurethane. All
polyurethane systems are sensitive to moisture.
Liquid
Spray
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬
Liquid
Elastomer
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ اﺳﺘﻮﻣﺮ‬
Spray
‫ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬
60
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ درﺟﺎت ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺼﺮف‬
‫ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﻮﻧﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮا و ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر‬، ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻮع ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪه‬،‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن ﺑﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬.‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن ﻣﻴﮕﺮدد‬
.‫ﺣﺴﺎس ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
Several coats are necessary in order to achieve the
specified thickness. At 15°C the cure time of lining is
approximately 7 days. This lining have good
resistance to abrasion and water up to 100°C.
.‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد و ﻫﻔﺖ روز ﻋﻤﻞ‬15 ‫زﻣﺎن ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن ﭘﻮﺷﺶ در‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻣﻘﺎوم‬100 ‫ اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ و آب ﺗﺎ‬.‫ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 8.4 - SPECIFICATION OF RUBBER LINING
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬4-8 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
HARDNESS
(SHORE
DUROMETER)
RUBBER
‫ﺳﺨﺘﻲ )ﺷﻮر‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
(‫دوروﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
FORM ABILITY
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي‬
CURING
REMARKS
‫ﻧﺤﻮه ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
ASTM D2240
NR or IR
60° - Type A
‫ درﺟﻪ‬60 A ‫ﻧﻮع‬
SBR
50° - Type A
‫ درﺟﻪ‬50 A ‫ﻧﻮع‬
CR
60° - Type A
‫ درﺟﻪ‬60 A ‫ﻧﻮع‬
1-Un vulcanized
sheet
‫ ورق ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه‬-1
2- Pre-vulcanized
Sheet
1-Using an
autoclave for
vulcanization of lined
equipment
60° - Type A
‫ درﺟﻪ‬60 A ‫ﻧﻮع‬
Polychoroprenes give lining compounds with
greater resistance to heat, ozone, sunlight than
above rubbers.
2- The adhesives
used for bonding is
cold curing
This lining have very good resistance to heat
and have low permeability to gases.
‫ ﭼﺴﺐ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬-2
‫ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ از ﻧﻮع ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪه در‬
‫دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
NBR &
XNBR
CSM
HARD
RUBBER &
EBONITE
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ و اﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ‬SBR ‫ و‬IR ، NR ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮي ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ دﻳﮕـﺮ اﻧـﻮاع ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ از ﻧـﻮع‬
.‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ دارﻧﺪ‬
‫ از اﺗﻮﻛﻼو ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺨﺖ‬-1
‫ﻛﺮدن ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ورق ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪه‬-2
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
11R
Lining compounds based on NR, IR and SBR
have less abrasion resistance than other types of
rubber linings.
80° - Type A
‫ درﺟﻪ‬80 A ‫ﻧﻮع‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ ﻫـﺎ در ﻣﻘﺎﻳـﺴﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚﻫـﺎي ﻓـﻮق ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒـﺎت‬
‫ ﻧـﻮر‬،‫ ازون‬،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﺣـﺮارت‬
.‫ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮارت داﺷـﺘﻪ‬
.‫و ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﮔﺎزﻫﺎ در آن ﻛﻢ اﺳﺖ‬
These linings have excellent resistance to
swelling by mineral oils and fuels. Polymers of
high acrylonitrile to butadiene ratio have the
best resistance and also have lower gas
permeability. Higher butadiene ratio have better
low temperature properties. XNBR is normally
used for its outstanding abrasion resistance.
‫اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎد ﻛـﺮدن ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ از‬
‫ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻫـﺎي ﺑـﺎ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ اﻛـﺮي‬.‫روﻏﻨﻬﺎي ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ و ﺳﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎ دارﻧـﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻮﺗﺎدﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻻ داراي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮي داﺷـﺘﻪ و ﻧﻔـﻮذ‬
‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺑﻮﺗﺎدﻳﻦ ﺧﻮاص ﺑﻬﺘﺮي در دﻣﺎي‬.‫ﮔﺎز در آن ﻛﻢ اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ دارد‬XNBR .‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ دارد‬
CSM has excellent resistance to heat and ozone.
80° - Type A
‫ درﺟﻪ‬80 A ‫ﻧﻮع‬
.‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮارت و ازون دارد‬CSM
These lining have a higher resistance to
chemicals than soft rubbers based on the same
polymer types. This resistance again generally
increases with decrease in unsaturation of
vulcanized polymer.
80° - Type D
‫ درﺟﻪ‬80 D ‫ﻧﻮع‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻً ﺑـﺎ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬.‫ﺑﻪ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻬﺎي ﻧﺮم ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ دارﻧـﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد اﺗﺼﺎﻻت دوﺗﺎﺋﻲ )ﻏﻴﺮ اﺷﺒﺎع( در ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ‬
. ‫دوﺑﺎره اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
61
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 8.4 (continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬4-8‫ﺟﺪول‬
HARDNESS
(SHORE
DUROMETER)
RUBBER
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺳﺨﺘﻲ )ﺷﻮر‬
FORM
ABILITY
(‫دوروﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي‬
CURING
REMARKS
‫ﻧﺤﻮه ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
ASTM D2240
FKM
BR
EPR &
EPDM
These materials have excellent resistance to oil
and fuels.
80° - Type A
‫ درﺟﻪ‬80 A ‫ﻧﻮع‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ روﻏﻦ و ﺳﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎ دارﻧﺪ‬
Polybutadiene rubber is normally used in
combination with polyisoprene or carboxylated
nitrile rubber to produce linings with superior
abrasion resistance compared to the individual
rubbers and to improve the lower temperature
properties of nitrile rubber.
---
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﭘﻠﻲ ﺑﻮﺗﺎدﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﻳﺰوﭘﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﻮﻛﺴﻴﻞ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣـﻲروﻧـﺪ ﺗـﺎ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي را در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام از ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫـﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﻧﻤـﻮده ﺧـﻮاص ﺣﺮارﺗـﻲ‬
.‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ را در دﻣﺎي ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﺪ‬
These linings have very good resistance to
ozone.
---
‫اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ازون دارﻧﺪ‬
62
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 8.5 - SPECIFICATION OF BITUMEN AND COAL TAR LINING
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ و ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر‬5-8 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
LINING
MATERIAL
‫ﻣﺎده ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
AVAILABLE
FORM
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫دﺳﺘﺮس‬
TYPE OF
WORKING
APPLICATION
TEMP. °C
‫ﻧﺤﻮه اﺟﺮا‬
‫دﻣﺎي ﻛﺎري‬
Cold applied
Solvent base
1- Brushing
Bitumen
Liquid
2- Spraying
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﻴﺮ ﺳﺮد اﺟﺮا‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺣﻼل‬
‫ ﺑﺮس زﻧﻲ‬-1
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬-2
4 – 32
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬-1
2- Mapping
Bitumen
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﻴﺮ ﮔﺮم اﺟﺮا‬
‫ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬-2
Solid (molten
for use)
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪ )در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم‬
(‫ﻣﺬاب ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
3-Throwelling (For floor)
4 – 32
(‫ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻴﺪن )ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻒ‬-3
(1
coal tar
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﺳﺮد اﺟﺮا‬
Hot applied
coal tar
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﮔﺮم اﺟﺮا‬
(‫ روش ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي )ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬-4
Thin liquid to
1- Spraying
heavy paste
2- Brushing
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ رﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻏﻠﻴﻆ‬
3- Dipping
Solid (molten
for use)
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪ )در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺬاب ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ‬
(‫رود‬
Solvent base bitumen lining are suitable for protection of
ferrous metals, galvanized surfaces and concrete and
brick. Emulsion base bitumen shall not be used for the
protection of steel. This lining are neither intended to
withstand hot conditions, nor to resist contamination with
mineral oils or paint solvents.
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬-1
‫ ﺑﺮس زﻧﻲ‬-2
4 – 32
‫ ﺑﺮﺳﺰﻧﻲ‬-1
1- Brushing
2- Spraying
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬-2
3- Through method
(For pipe) 1)
4 – 32
(‫ ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي )ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬-3
(2
(‫ روش ﺧﻂ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ )ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬-4
5- Mapping
‫ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬-5
1) In through method the pipe shall be rotated
and molten enamel shall be introduced into
pipe by a pouring through extending the full
length of the pipe.
2) In retracting-weir or feed-line method, pipe
shall be rotated and molten enamel shall be
supplied to the weir or feed-line from a
reservoir through supply pipes.
This lining is not recommended for atmospheric
exposure and sunlight. Coal tar linings are suitable for
water and sewage lines and equipment. This lining have
excellent adhesion to ferrous metals,
slightly etched
galvanized iron and steel, concrete and brick. It is not
recommended where a high
degree of resistance to
abrasion is required.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬.‫اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﻫـﻮا و ﻧﻮر آﻓﺘﺎب ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻄﻮط آب و ﻓﺎﺿﻼب و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ آﻫﻦ ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه و ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ‬،‫ اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻠﺰات آﻫﻨﻲ‬.‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬.‫ ﺑﺘﻦ و آﺟﺮ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ دارﻧﺪ‬،‫اﺳﻴﺪ ﺣﻚ ﺷﺪه‬
.‫ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ زﻳﺎد در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور ﻧﻤﻮدن‬-3
4- Feed-line method
(For pipe) 2)
The bitumen in this lining used in molten state. For
lining of metallic or concrete surface, one or more coats
of primer shall be used prior to hot applied lining. This
lining have high resistance to moisture
and good
adhesion to steel.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﻮح‬.‫ﻗﻴﺮ در اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺬاب ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
‫ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﻪ روش ﮔﺮم‬،‫ﻓﻠﺰي ﻳﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ و‬،‫ اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﻻد دارد‬
4- Through method
(For pipe) 1)
Cold applied
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻗﻴﺮي ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺣﻼل ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻠﺰات آﻫﻨﻲ‬
‫ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ اﻣﻮﻟﺴﻴﻮن ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺘﻦ و آﺟﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻧﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﮔﺮم و ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ‬.‫ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮﻻد ﺑﻜﺎر روﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﺎ روﻏﻨﻬﺎي ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻼﻟﻬﺎي رﻧﮓ ﻣﻘﺎوم را ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
1- Spraying
Hot applied
REMARK
Hot applied coal tar lining shall be used only on metal
surfaces and usually are applied over a coal tar primer.
This lining provides for protection of buried steel water
pipelines and structures that are immersed in water.
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ روش ﮔﺮم ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻠﺰي و ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬.‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﭘﺮاﻳﻤﺮ اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
،‫ﻓﻮﻻدي آب ﻣﺪﻓﻮن در زﻣﻴﻦ و ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در آب ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
‫( در روش ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﭽﺮﺧﺪ و ﻟﻌﺎب ﻣﺬاب ﺑﺎ رﻳﺰش‬1
.‫در ﻃﻮل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ روي آن ﻗﺮ ار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬،‫( در روش ﺳﺮرﻳﺰ اﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﻲ ﻳﺎ روش ﺧﻂ ﺗﻐﺬﻳـﻪ‬2
‫ﺑﭽﺮﺧﺪ و ﻟﻌﺎب ﻣﺬاب از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ذﺧﻴـﺮه‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮرﻳﺰ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻂ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ارﺳﺎل ﺷﻮد‬
63
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 8.6 - SPECIFICATION OF CERAMIC LINING
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ‬6-8 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
LINING
MATERIAL
‫ﻣﺎده ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
TYPES
‫اﻧﻮاع‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮه اﺟﺮا‬
1- Alkali-alumina
borosilicate
‫ﺑٍُِﺮ‬
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨـــﺎ‬
-1
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت ﻗﻠﻴـــﺎﻳﻲ‬
Silicate base
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ‬
2- Barium, Crown
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪن‬،‫ ﺑﺎرﻳﻢ‬-2
3- Water-soluble
Silicate
‫ ﺳﻴﻠﻴـﻜﺎت ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬-3
‫در آب‬
Without
Reinforcement
Oxides base
TYPE OF
APPLICATION
‫ﺑﺪون ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
1- Spraying
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬-1
2- Dipping ‫ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور ﻧﻤﻮدن‬-2
3- Brushing (soluble type)
(‫ ﺑﺮس زﻧﻲ )ﻧﻮع ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﻲ‬-3
4- Packed cementation
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎري ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬-4
5- Trowelling (soluble
type)
(‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻴﺪن )ﻧﻮع ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﻲ‬-5
1- Flame spraying
(up to 6 mm)
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻣﺸﻌﻠﻲ‬-1
(‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬6 ‫)ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ اﻛﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
With
Reinforcement
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
2- Trowelling ‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻴﺪن‬-2
(up to 25 mm) (‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬25 ‫)ﺗﺎ‬
1- Flame spray
Carbides base
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻣﺸﻌﻠﻲ‬-1
---
2- Air spray ‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮا‬-2
3- Packed cementation
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎري ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪه‬-3
Suicide base
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻓﺪاﺷﻮﻧﺪه‬
---
With or without
Reinforcement
‫ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
Lining with silicate base ceramic, with or without added
refractory, have the greatest industrial usage of all ceramics.
These lining use for turbines, exhaust manifolds, heat exchanger and combustion chamber. Soluble silicate use for
lining Aluminum, copper, steel, stainless steel, super alloys
and magnesium. (See ASTM-C-616)
،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺪون اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﻣﻮاد دﻳﺮﮔﺪاز‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫــﺎ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ را دارد‬
.‫ ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ و ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ اﺣﺘﺮاق ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬،‫ﺗﻮرﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ و دودﻛﺶ‬
‫ ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ‬،‫ آﻟﻴﺎژﻫﺎي‬،‫ ﻓﻮﻻد‬،‫ ﻣﺲ‬،‫ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم‬
ASTM-C-616 ‫ﻧﺰن و ﺳﻮﭘﺮ آﻟﻴﺎژﻫﺎ و ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود )ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
Thermal shock resistance of flame sprayed lining decreases
with increasing thickness.
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺷﻮك ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻣﺸﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
.‫ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
Mineral
bonding
material
and
expanded-metal
reinforcements used for ceramic lining with trowelling.
‫ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪي ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ و ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﺰ ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ‬
.‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Principal use of carbides base ceramic lining is for wear and
seal application, in which the high hardness of carbides is
an advantage. This lining is used for jet engine seals,
compressor and turbine blades, and plug gages.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي‬،‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﺻﻠﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﭼﻮن ﻛﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻻي ﻛﺎرﺑﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ‬،‫ﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ و آﺑﺒﻨﺪي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮرﺑﻴﻦ و ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮر و‬،‫ اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮاي آﺑﺒﻨﺪي ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺟﺖ‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬
.‫درﭘﻮش ﮔﻴﺞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
This lining used for the protection of refractory metals
against oxidation. Suicide lining generally embitter the
metals (ferrous and non ferrous) to which they are applied,
but shall not be used for repair lined metals.
1- Cementation
‫اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻓﻠﺰات دﻳﺮﮔﺪاز در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺷﺪن ﺑـﻪ ﻛﺎر‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻓﺪا ﺷﻮﻧﺪه ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﻠﺰات )آﻫﻨﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮ آﻫﻨﻲ( را‬.‫ﻣﻲ رود‬
‫ ﻟﺬا ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻓﻠﺰات ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺪه ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬،‫ﭘﺲ از اﺟﺮا ﺑﺪﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎري‬-1
1- Air spraying
PhosphateBonded
REMARK
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮا‬-1
2- Trowelling
‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻴﺪن‬-2
64
These materials are formed by the chemical reaction of
phosphoric acid and a metal oxide. Phosphate-bonded lining
are used for the protection of metals against heat during high
temperature service.
‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻌﻞ و اﻧﻔﻌﺎل ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﻴﺪ ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻳﻚ و اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
،‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻓﺴﻔﺎت ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻓﻠﺰات در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺮارت‬.‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ دﻣﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 8.7 - SPECIFICATION OF BRICKS, TILES AND GLASS LINING
‫ ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬،‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ آﺟﺮﻫﺎ‬7-8 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
LINING
MATERIAL
‫ﻣﺎده ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
TYPES
‫اﻧﻮاع‬
REMARK
TYPE OF
APPLICATION
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮه اﺟﺮا‬
1- Slashing (1)
1- High silica glass
Glass
‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
‫ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ زﻳﺎد‬-1
2- Boro silicate
Glass
‫ﺮ‬‫ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت ﺑ‬-2
‫ روش ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور ﻳـﺎ‬-1
(1)
‫رﻳﺰش‬
2- Spraying
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬-2
3- Hot-dusting (2)
(2)
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﮔﺮد ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬-3
Brick and tiles
‫آﺟﺮ و ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﻫﺎ‬
2- Porcelain, tile
‫ ﻛﺎﺷﻲ‬،‫ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬-2
3- Carbon brick
‫ آﺟﺮ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ دار‬-3
Installation of three
layer of membrane,
Brick and cement
‫ آﺟﺮ و‬،‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻏﺸﺎء‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
4- Graphite brick
‫ آﺟﺮ ﮔﺮاﻓﻴﺘﻲ‬-4
1- Alkali resistant
‫ ﻣﻘـــﺎوم ﺑـــﻪ ﻣـــﻮاد‬-1
‫ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
2- Acid resistant
Porcelain lining
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ اﺳﻴﺪ‬-2
3- Hot water
Resistant
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ آب داغ‬-3
4- Regular-blueblack enamels
- ‫ ﻟﻌﺎب ﻫـﺎي ﺳـﻴﺎه‬-4
‫آﺑﻲ ﻋﺎدي‬
‫ ﻓﻮﻻدﻫـﺎي ﺑـﺎ‬،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻓﻮﻻدﻫﺎي ﻛﺮﺑﻨـﻲ‬
‫ ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن در ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات در‬،‫ ﭼﺪن‬،‫اﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎم ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ درﺟــﻪ‬260 ‫ﺑﺮاﺑــﺮ ﺑﻴــﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺤــﻴﻂ ﻫــﺎي ﺧﻮرﻧــﺪه ﺗــﺎ دﻣــﺎي‬
.‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ‬
Chemical-resistant brick lining is a multilayer
system supported by a shell, consist of an
impervious membrane to prevent the corrosive
medium reaching the shell and layer of chemicalresistant brick laid in chemical-resistant cement.
This lining is used for protection of steel and
concrete vessels and columns.
1- Acid resistant
Brick
‫ آﺟﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ‬-1
‫اﺳﻴﺪ‬
Glass lining are used for protection of carbon
steel, high tensile steel, cast iron, stainless steel in
equipment
in
against
many
corrosive
environments in temperature up to 260°C.
1- Slashing (1)
‫ روش ﻏﻮﻃـــﻪ ور ﻳـــﺎ‬-1
(1)
‫رﻳﺰش‬
2- Spraying
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬-2
3- Hot-dusting (2)
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﮔﺮد ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬-3
(2)
‫داغ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎ آﺟﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻗﺸﺮ )ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ( ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻏﺸﺎء ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﻮده ﺗﺎ از رﺳﻴﺪن ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ و ﻻﻳﻪ آﺟﺮي ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮ روي‬
‫ اﻳـﻦ‬.‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮار دارد ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌـﺖ ﻛﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻇـﺮوف و ﺑﺮﺟﻬـﺎي ﻓـﻮﻻدي و ﺳـﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد‬
Porcelain enamels are used for sheet steel, cast
iron, or aluminum parts to improve appearance
and to protect the metal surface against chemicals
and hot water. Porcelain enamels have specific
electrical properties and thermal shock capability
and are used to lining chemical reactors and heat
exchangers.
‫ ﻳــﺎ ﻗﻄﻌــﺎت‬،‫ ﭼــﺪن‬،‫ﻟﻌــﺎب ﻫــﺎي ﭼﻴﻨــﻲ ﺑــﺮاي ورﻗــﻪ ﻓــﻮﻻد‬
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ را ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨـﺸﻴﺪه و ﺳـﻄﺢ‬
.‫ﻓﻠﺰ را در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﻣـﻮاد ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و آب داغ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈـﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺎﺑﻬﺎي ﭼﻴﻨﻲ داراي ﺧﻮاص اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ وﻳـﮋه و ﺗﺤﻤـﻞ ﺷـﻮك‬
‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﻮده و ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ راﻛﺘﻮرﻫـﺎي ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪﻟﻬﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻴﺮوﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو‬.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬Slashing and spray (1
.‫روش ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور ﻧﻤﻮدن و رﻳﺰش ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﮔﺮد ﺷﻴـﺸﻪ ﺑـﺮ روي ﺳـﻄﺢ‬Hot dusting (2
.‫ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼً ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
1) Slashing and spraying are the wet-process.
Slashing consists of two method of dipping
and pouring.
2) Hot dusting consists of shifting glass dust onto
a preheated metal surface.
65
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 8.8 - SPECIFICATION OF CEMENT MORTAR AND REFRACTORY LINING
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن و ﻣﻮاد ﻧﺴﻮز‬8-8
LINING
TYPES
TYPE OF
REMARK
MATERIAL
‫اﻧﻮاع‬
APPLICATION
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
‫ﻣﺎده ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
Chemical resistance
cements mortar
‫ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮه اﺟﺮا‬
1- Silicate cements
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺗﻲ‬-1
2- Resinous cements
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي رزﻳﻨﻲ‬-2
1- Centrifugally
spinning (For pipe)
‫ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﭼﺮﺧـﺸﻲ‬-1
(‫)ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
2- Line trowelling
‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺧﻄﻲ‬-2
3- Shot grit
‫ ﺷﺎت ﮔﺮﻳﺖ‬-3
Silicate cements linings are resistant against acids, gases,
chlorine solution, and some of salts and solvents. Resinous
cement consist of furane-cement, phenolic cement,
polyester-cements, epoxy-cements and sulfur cement have
more resistance to chemicals than silicate cement.
‫ و ﺑﻌﻀﻲ‬،‫ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻛﻠﺮﻳﻦ‬،‫ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎ‬،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺗﻲ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي رزﻳﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬.‫از ﻧﻤﻜﻬﺎ و ﺣﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ و ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬،‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬،‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻓﻨﻠﻴﻚ‬،‫ﻓﻮران‬
‫ﮔﻮﮔﺮدي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺗﻲ دارﻧﺪ‬
4- Hand trowelling
‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ دﺳﺘﻲ‬-4
Refractory cement
---
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻧﺴﻮز‬
1-Shot
(gunning)
grit
(‫ ﺷﺎت ﮔﺮﻳﺖ )ﺗﻔﻨﮕﻲ‬-1
2- Casting ‫ رﻳﺨﺘﮕﻲ‬-2
Refractory brick
‫آﺟﺮ ﻧﺴﻮز‬
---
Installation of
brick lining
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮ‬
Refractory cement linings are used for insulating of
furnaces, boilers, flue ducts and steel stocks. This lining
applied to equipment fabricated in metals.
،‫ دﻳﮓﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺎر‬،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻧﺴﻮز ﺑﺮاي ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻛﺎري ﻛﻮره ﻫﺎ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ‬.‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻫﺎي دودﻛﺶ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﻓﻮﻻدي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻓﻠﺰي اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
Brick refractories are used for insulating of reformer
furnaces and where refractory cement linings are unsuitable
this lining normally used in conjunction with refractory
cement lining.
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫـــﺎي آﺟﺮ ﻧﺴﻮز ﺑﺮاي ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻛﺎري ﻛﻮره ﻫــﺎي رﻓﻮرﻣﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻧﺴﻮز ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ از اﻳﻦ‬
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻧﺴﻮز ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮل اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
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TABLE 9 - LININGS THICKNESSES
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬-9 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
THICKNESS
LINING MATERIAL
‫ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
For pipe-Min.
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
Rubbers:
0.4-2
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ‬
For vessel-Min. ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺰن‬
0.2-0.75
‫ ﻧﺮم‬PVC
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪه‬
Thermosets:
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه‬
‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
Reinforcement
Unplastisized PVC
‫ ﻧﺮم ﻧﺸﺪه‬PVC
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪه‬
Ceramic:
0.25-0.75
5
0.6-5
:‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‬
Glass
0.6 -10.0
3
:‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚﻫﺎ‬
Un-reinforcement
Plastisized PVC
mm
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
Reinforcement
Polypropylene (PP)
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺎده ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
mm
Polyethylene (PE)
THICKNESS
LINING MATERIAL
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
0.2-0.4
0.3-2
2-50
:‫ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ‬
Un-reinforcement
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه‬
0.01-6
Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene
(E-CTFE)
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ – ﻛﻠـﺮوﺗﺮي ﻓﻠﻮرواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
0.2-0.75
Brick
Poly-tetra-fluoroethylene (PTFE)
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﺗﺘﺮا – ﻓﻠﻮراﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
Poly vinylidene
Chemical resistance cement
0.015-0.05
Per fluoro alkoxy (PFA)
‫ﭘﺮﻓﻠﻮرواﻟﻜﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
Polyamid (Nylon)
0.25-0.75
Fusion bonded epoxy ‫ذوب ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪي اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻧﺴﻮز‬
Cold applied coal tar
0.05-0.3
0.025-0.17
(‫ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪ )ﻧﺎﻳﻠﻮن‬
Refractory cement
0.075-0.8
Fluorinated ethylene
propylencopolymer (FEP) ‫ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﻨﺘﺪ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ – ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ‬
50-80
4-13
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
fluoride (PVDF)
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻠﻲ دﻳﻦ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺪ‬
‫آﺟﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﺳﺮد اﺟﺮا‬
Hot applied coal tar
40-200
0.1-2.7
1.6-3.2
‫ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﮔﺮم اﺟﺮا‬
Cold applied bitumen
‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﺳﺮد اﺟﺮا‬
Hot applied bitumen
0.25-0.75
‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﮔﺮم اﺟﺮا‬
0.35-1.25
---
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ اﺳﺘﺎت‬
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1.6-3.5
3-6.5
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‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ رزﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬-9
9. THERMOPLASTIC RESIN LINING
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-9
9.1 General
‫ دو ﻧـﻮع ﻣــﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد ﻣــﻲ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ )ﺑــﻪ‬1-1-9
9.1.1 Thermoplastic materials are available in
two types: (see BS 6374). Sheet applied and
non-sheet applied thermoplastics. Non-sheet
applied polymers in forms of dispersion, powder
and granule shall not be used for lining of
concrete and shall only be used for metallic
surfaces. Sheet applied thermoplastics polymers
are suitable for lining of concrete and metallic
surfaces.
‫ ﻣـﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳـﺘﻴﻚ ﺑـﻪ دو‬.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬BS 6374 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﺻﻮرت ورﻗﻪ اي و ﻏﻴﺮ ورﻗﻪ اي ﻣﻮرد اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﻗـﺮار ﻣـﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪ‬
‫ ﭘـﻮدري و داﻧـﻪاي‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﭘﺮاﻛﻨـﺪه‬،‫ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ورﻗﻪ اي‬
‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻠﻜـﻪ‬
‫ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻫﺎي‬.‫ﻓﻘﻂ در ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻠﺰي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ورق ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ دادن ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺘﻨـﻲ و‬
.‫ﻓﻠﺰي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
9.1.2 Sheet applied polymers can be used in
bonded or loose forms.
‫ ورق ﻫﺎي ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮي را ﻣﻲ ﺗـﻮان ﺑـﺎ ﭼـﺴﺐ و ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺪون‬2-1-9
9.1.3 When the lining is to be bonded to the
substrate the type of adhesive, the maximum
service temperature and the conditions required
for application and curing shall be conferred by
the Company.
‫ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﭼـﺴﺐ روي‬3-1-9
.‫ﭼﺴﺐ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮد‬
‫ ﺣـﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣـﺎي ﻛـﺎرﻛﺮد و‬،‫ ﻧﻮع ﻣﺎده ﭼـﺴﺐ‬،‫زﻳﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي و ﻋﻤﻞ آوردن آن ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻮرد ﺗﺄﻳﻴـﺪ‬
.‫ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑـﺮ‬3/5 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ و زﻳﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ در‬5 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ در ﺑﺮش ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ و‬
.‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬20 ‫داﺧﻞ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ در دﻣﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
The minimum bond strength between the lining
and the substrate shall be 3.5 N/mm² in direct
shear and 5 N/mm² within peel at a test
temperature of 20°C .
The adhesive shall be capable of maintaining a
bond at the design temperature and after cycling
between ambient and maximum surface
temperatures. The applicator shall provide the
Company with evidence of the suitability of the
adhesive.
‫ﻣﺎده ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ در دﻣﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺑﻌﺪ از‬
‫ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜـﺎر‬.‫ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺑﻴﻦ دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣﺎي ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪي دال ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﺎده ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ اراﺋﻪ‬
.‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
9.1.4 When a lining is bonded to the substrate it
may be the choice of adhesive which is the
limiting factor. A typical maximum service
temperature for bonded lining is 100°C.
‫ اﺗﺼﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ زﻳﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ‬4-1-9
‫ ﺣـﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬.‫ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬،‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﭼﺴﺐ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤـﺪود ﻛﻨﻨـﺪه اﺳـﺖ‬
‫ درﺟـﻪ‬100 ‫دﻣﺎي ﻛـﺎرﻛﺮد ﺑـﺮاي اﺗـﺼﺎل ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ اﻋﻤـﺎل ﺷـﺪه‬
.‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﻮد ﺣـﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣـﺎي ﻛـﺎرﻛﺮد ﮔﻔﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪه‬
‫ ارﻗـﺎم‬. ‫ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﻪ زﻳﺮآﻳﻨـﺪ ﻧﭽـﺴﺒﻴﺪه اﻧـﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﺪوده دﻣﺎي ﺑـﺎﻻ را ﺑـﺮاي‬6 ‫اﻇﻬﺎر ﺷﺪه در ﺟﺪول‬
‫ اﻣﺎ اﻳﻨﻬـﺎ ﺑﻌﻨـﻮان رﻋﺎﻳـﺖ‬،‫دوام ﻣﺎده ﭘﻮﺷﺶ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫دﻣﺎﻫﺎي اﻳﻤﻦ ﻛﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮادي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
.‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
Except when stated otherwise the maximum
service temperature quoted is for linings which
are not bonded to the substrate. The limits
suggested in Table 6 are what might be
considered the upper temperature limit for the
stability of the material but are quoted as safe
working temperatures for the materials used as
linings.
The limits may be varied depending upon the
process environment and the design of the
equipment.
9.1.5 Selection for type of lining to be used shall
be based on the duty for which it is intended.
The characteristics of sheet and non-sheet
thermoplastic material for lining are given in
Tables 7 and 8.
‫ﻣﺤــﺪودﻳﺖ ﻫــﺎ ﻣﻤﻜــﻦ اﺳــﺖ ﺑــﺎ ﻣﺤــﻴﻂ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨــﺪي و ﻃﺮاﺣــﻲ‬
.‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻮع ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧـﻮع‬5-1-9
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳـﺘﻴﻚ‬.‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬8 ‫ و‬7 ‫ورﻗﻪ اي و ﻏﻴﺮ ورﻗﻪ اي )رﻳﺰداﻧﻪ( در ﺟﺪاول‬
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‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد ﻣﮕﺮ ﺗﺠـﺎرب ﮔﺬﺷـﺘﻪ‬6-1-9
9.1.6 Unless previous experiences demonstrate
that a lining will be suitable for a particular duty,
appropriate testing shall be carried out (see
ASTM D 543 and ASTM C 581).
‫ )ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﺧﺎص ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺳﺖ‬
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASTM C581 ‫ و‬ASTM D543 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
9.1.7 Only virgin polymer shall be used for the
production of the liner; a maximum of 0.2% wt
of additives is permitted. A large amount of
additives is allowed if electrically conductive
properties are required. Additives or coloring
agent shall be finely homogenized.
‫ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬7-1-9
9.1.8 Unless specified otherwise by the
Purchaser the specification and quality of lining
materials selected shall be approved by the
Purchaser before application.
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت و ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷـﺪه‬8-1-9
9.1.9 As the lining shall be inspected visually for
defects, selection of the bonding liner shall be
avoided where the shape of equipment does not
allow for visual inspection during installation
(i.e. in case of welded joint pipeline with ID
smaller than 610 mm).
،‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻻزم ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﻴـﻮب‬9-1-9
‫ درﺻﺪ وزﻧﻲ از ﻣﻮاد اﻓﺰودﻧـﻲ ﺑﻼﻣـﺎﻧﻊ‬0/2 ‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬،‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﻘـﺪار ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﻣـﻮاد‬،‫ اﮔﺮ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاد اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ رﻧﮓ داﻧﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻧـﺮم و‬.‫اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ ﻣﺠﺎز ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤـﻮ دﻳﮕـﺮي‬،‫ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺟﺮا ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﭼﺸﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﭼـﺴﺒﻲ در ﺟﺎﻳﻴﻜـﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﺟﺎزه ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﭼﺸﻤﻲ را در زﻣﺎن ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﻤﻲدﻫﺪ‬
‫ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺷـﺪه‬:‫ﺧﻮدداري ﻧﻤﻮد )ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل‬
.(‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬610 ‫ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ از‬
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬2-9
9.2 Thickness
‫ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺗﻤــﺎم ﺷــﺪه ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠــﻲ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳــﺘﻴﻚ‬1-2-9
9.2.1 The thickness of the finished thermoplastic
lining will depend upon the material selected and
the duties for which it is intended. The
maximum thickness as well as the minimum
thickness shall be specified by the designer. If
necessary the material shall be capable of being
thermo-formed and welded to give joints which
are pinhole free.
.‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه و ﻧـﻮع ﻛـﺎرﺑﺮي آن ﺧﻮاﻫـﺪ داﺷـﺖ‬
‫ در‬.‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻃﺮاح ﻣـﺸﺨﺺ ﮔـﺮدد‬
‫ﺻﻮرت ﻟﺰوم ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻗـﺎدر ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﮔﻴـﺮي ﺣﺮارﺗـﻲ ﺑـﻮده و‬
.‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺟﻮش ﺷﺪه ﻋﺎري از ﺳﻮراخ ﻫﺎي رﻳﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨـﺎي ﻣـﻮاد ﻏﻴـﺮ‬2-2-9
9.2.2 The thickness of linings based on nonsheet applied material varies considerably with
the particular plastic selected (see Table 10).
When the thickness of the lining is less than 400
µm it is difficult to obtain linings which are
pinhole free. Furthermore, even if linings as
applied
are
free
from
imperfections,
consideration has to be given to the possibility of
damage in operation. If the corrosion rate is low
then the thickness of the lining is not a critical
factor. If the corrosion rate is high and is due to
simple solution of the material, then it is not to
use thin linings because of the risk of severe
corrosion through a pinhole.
‫ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎده ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺧﺎص اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر‬،‫ورﻗﻪ اي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬10 ‫ )ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬.‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ اي ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺑـﻪ‬،‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮون ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬400 ‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ ﻋـﻼوه‬.‫دﺳﺖ آوردن ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺪون ﺳﻮراخ ﻫﺎي رﻳﺰ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ اﺳـﺖ‬
،‫ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺘﻲ اﮔﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ ﻋﺎري از ﻧﻮاﻗﺺ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ در‬.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺻـﺪﻣﻪ دﻳـﺪن در ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت در ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﻮد‬
‫ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻓـﺎﻛﺘﻮر‬،‫ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮدن ﺷـﺪت ﺧـﻮردﮔﻲ‬
‫ در ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮدن ﺷﺪت ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻣﺎده ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫راﺣﺘﻲ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪه ﻟﺬا ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻧـﺎزك ﻛـﻪ ﺧﻄـﺮ ﺧـﻮردﮔﻲ‬
.‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‬،‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻮراخ ﻫﺎي رﻳﺰ را ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ اﮔﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳـﺘﻴﻚ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬3-2-9
9.2.3 If steel pipes are to be lined with
thermoplastic materials the thickness of the
thermoplastic liner shall be in accordance with
Table 11.
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬11 ‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺟﺪول‬،‫ﺷﻮد‬
69
‫دي ‪Jan. 2010/ 1388‬‬
‫)‪IPS-E-TP-350(1‬‬
‫‪ 3-9‬اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
‫‪9.3 Application of Thermoplastic Linings‬‬
‫اﺟﺮا ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‪ ،‬اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت و ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ‪ IPS-C-TP-352‬اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫‪Application‬‬
‫‪of‬‬
‫‪thermoplastic‬‬
‫‪linings,‬‬
‫‪requirements and inspection of the works shall‬‬
‫‪be in accordance with IPS-C-TP-352.‬‬
‫‪TABLE 10 - THE THICKNESS OF FINISHED THERMOPLASTIC LINING‬‬
‫ﺟﺪول ‪ -10‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه‬
‫‪NON-SHEET‬‬
‫‪THICKNESS‬‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫‪THERMOPLASTIC‬‬
‫)‪(mm‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻏﻴﺮ ورﻗﻪ اي‬
‫‪0.25-0.75‬‬
‫اورﻳﺘﺎن ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ‪UPVC:‬‬
‫‪0.6 to 10‬‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ‪PVC:‬‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫‪PVC‬‬
‫* ‪to 2‬‬
‫‪0.4‬‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻞ‬
‫‪PE‬‬
‫* ‪to 0.75‬‬
‫‪0.2‬‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ‬
‫‪PP‬‬
‫* ‪to 0.75‬‬
‫‪0.2‬‬
‫* ‪to 0.8‬‬
‫‪0.075‬‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻠﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻠﻮراﻳﺪ‬
‫* ‪to 0.17‬‬
‫‪0.025‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻮري ﻧﻴﺖ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ‬
‫* ‪to 0.3‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬
‫‪to 0.05‬‬
‫‪0.015‬‬
‫‪to 1.25‬‬
‫‪0.35‬‬
‫* ‪to 0.75‬‬
‫‪0.25‬‬
‫‪to 0.75‬‬
‫‪0.25‬‬
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ – ﻛﻠﺮوﺗﺮﻳﻔﻠﻮرو – اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻓﻠﻮرو‪ -‬اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
‫‪E.CTFE‬‬
‫‪PVDF‬‬
‫‪FEP‬‬
‫‪PFA‬‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﺗﺘﺮا – ﻓﻠﻮرو اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
‫‪PTFE‬‬
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ اﺳﺘﺎت‬
‫‪EVA‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻳﻠﻮن‬
‫‪Nylon‬‬
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﺠﻮﺷﻲ ‪Fusion bonded epoxy‬‬
‫* ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ دﻗﻴﻖ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﻮع ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪* Exact thickness to be defined according to‬‬
‫‪duty.‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 11 - DIMENSIONS OF LINERS AND FLARES
‫ اﺑﻌﺎد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﻫﺎ‬-11 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
NORMAL
MINIMUM LINER THICKNESS
PIPE SIZE
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
FLARE
‫اﻧﺪازه ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
mm
DIAMETER,
Inch
mm
‫اﻳﻨﭻ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
PP
PDVF
FEP
PTFE
PTFE *
MINIMUM
PFA
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻗﻄﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻌﻞ‬
mm
1
25
3.2
3.8
1.9
1.5
3.0
1.9
47.6
1½
40
3.8
4.0
1.9
1.6
3.9
1.9
68.3
2
50
4.3
4.3
1.9
1.7
3.9
2.0
87.3
3
80
4.4
4.4
2.3
2.4
4.0
2.2
117.5
4
100
5.2
5.2
2.4
2.7
4.5
2.4
150.8
6
150
5.5
5.5
3.3
3.7
5.0
3.3
201.0
8
200
5.5
5.5
3.3
4.0
5.0
---
255.6
10
250
6.3
---
3.5
5.0
6.5
---
311.2
12
300
6.3
---
3.5
5.3
8.1
---
365.1
14
350
7.2
---
3.5
6.0
---
---
423.5
16
400
7.2
---
3.5
6.3
---
---
470.0
18
450
---
---
---
7.5
---
---
---
‫ ﺑـﺮوم‬،‫* ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻼء ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ )ﻛﻠﺮ‬
‫و ﻏﻴﺮه( ﻓﻘﻂ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻋﻤﺎل اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎي ﺧﺮﻳـﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
* Special thickness for vacuum or heavy duty
service (chlorine, bromine, etc.) only
applicable when specified in purchase order.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ رزﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬-10
10. THERMOSETTING RESIN LINING
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬BS 6374 ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ )ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬1-10
10.1 General ( See BS 6374 )
10.1.1 Thermosetting resins used for the lining
are divided into two groups: Cold curing
thermosetting resin and stoved thermosetting
resin (see Table 8.3). Cold curing resins are
suitable for lining concrete and metallic surfaces,
but stoved resin shall not be used for lining of
concrete and only be used for metallic surfaces.
‫ رزﻳﻦﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬1-1-10
10.1.2 The stoved thermosetting resin linings are
used
for
protection
against
corrosive
environments, prevention to contamination of
products and provision of surfaces that do not
foul easily or that can be cleaned easily.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ رزﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻮره اي ﺑـﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ در‬2-1-10
10.1.3 The minimum pipe diameter for liquid
epoxy lining shall be 610 mm (24") to permit
inspection and repair of the internal lining by
entering the pipe.
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ اﭘﻮﻛـﺴﻲ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬3-1-10
‫ رزﻳـﻦﻫـﺎي ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳـﺖ ﺳـﺨﺖ‬:‫ﺑـﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ رزﻳﻦ ﻫﺎي‬.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬3-8 ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪه ﺳﺮد و ﻛﻮره اي )ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬
‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪه ﺳﺮد ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑـﺘﻦ وﺳـﻄﻮح ﻓﻠـﺰات ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬
‫ اﻣﺎ رزﻳﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮره اي ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻧﻤﻲ روﻧﺪ‬،‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
.‫و ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻠﺰي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از آﻟﻮده ﺷـﺪن ﻣﺤـﺼﻮﻻت و‬،‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎي ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه‬
‫اﻳﺠﺎد ﺳﻄﻮﺣﻲ ﻛــﻪ ﺑﺮاﺣﺘﻲ زﻧﮓ ﻧﻤﻲ زﻧﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘـﻲ ﺗﻤﻴـﺰ‬
.‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﻳﻨﭻ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘـﻮان ﺑـﺮاي ﺑﺎزرﺳـﻲ و‬24) ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ‬610 ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ وارد آن ﺷﺪ‬
10.1.4 The actual stoving temperature are
specified by the lining supplier. Normally in the
range from 150°C to 200°C depends on stoving
time.
‫ دﻣﺎي واﻗﻌﻲ ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪه ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬4-1-10
200 ‫ ﺗـﺎ‬150 ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻃـﻮر ﻣﻌﻤـﻮل ﻣﺤـﺪوده اي از‬.‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ زﻣﺎن ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن دارد‬
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‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫــﺎي رزﻳﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﺮد ﺳـﺨﺖ‬
10.1.5 All of cold curing resin linings are poor
thermal conductor and therefore reduce heat
transfer. Most of these linings offer good
resistance to erosion by suspended particles and
to build-up of deposits (see Tables 12 and 13).
5-1-10
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺑﻮده ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت‬
‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫـﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ ﺧـﻮﺑﻲ در‬.‫را ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫ و‬12 ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ذرات ﻣﻌﻠﻖ و رﺳﻮب دارﻧﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﺟـﺪاول‬
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬13
10.1.6 Cold curing thermoset resins may be used
on metallic structures with or without
reinforcement regarding the lining thickness
required (see 10.2).
‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از رزﻳﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﺮﻳـﻖ ﺳـﺮد‬6-1-10
10.1.7 Some lining materials are not acceptable
due to incompatibility with petroleum products
or product additives. Acceptable thermosetting
material shall be tested in accordance with
ASTM-D-543 and ASTM- C-581.
‫ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑـﻪ دﻟﻴـﻞ ﻋـﺪم ﺳـﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑـﺎ‬7-1-10
10.1.8 For lining of underground storage tanks
with thermosetting materials see API-RP-1631.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺨﺎزن ذﺧﻴﺮه زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﻮاد‬8-1-10
10.1.9 For lining of water pipelines with liquid
epoxy systems see AWWA-C-210.
‫ ﺑــﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ داﺧــﻞ ﺧﻄــﻮط ﻟﻮﻟــﻪ آب ﺑــﺎ روﺷــﻬﺎي‬9-1-10
10.1.10
Unless
previous
experience
demonstrates that a lining will be suitable for a
particular duty, appropriate testing shall be
carried out. (see ASTM-D-543 and ASTM-C581).
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ را ﺑـﺮاي ﻛـﺎرﺑﺮدي‬10-1-10
‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﺰي ﺑﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺪون ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎ‬
2-10‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد )ﺑـﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪ‬
.(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎت ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮاد اﻓﺰودﻧﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ و‬ASTM-C-581 ‫ﻣـــﻮرد ﺗﺄﻳﻴـــﺪ ﺑﺎﻳـــﺪ ﻃﺒـــﻖ اﺳـــﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬ASTM-D-543
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬API-RP-1631 ‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬AWWA-C-210 ‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﮔـﺮدد )ﺑـﻪ‬،‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲ داﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـــﻪ‬ASTM-D-543 ‫ و‬ASTM-C-581 ‫اﺳـــﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
10.1.11 Selection of thermosetting lining, its
type and thickness for a special service shall be
based on the provisions of Section 8 and this
Section. Resistance of various types of thermoset
epoxy and polyurethane lining in chemical
environments are shown in Tables 12 and 13.
‫ ﻧـﻮع و ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ آن ﺑـﺮاي‬،‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬11-1-10
10.1.12 Selection of type of lining to be used
shall be based on duty for which it is intended
(see Tables 12 and 13) as well as the shape of
equipment.
‫ ﻧﻮع ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻛـﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣـﺪﻧﻈﺮ و‬12-1-10
‫ و اﻳـﻦ‬8 ‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﺧـﺎص ﺑــﺎﻳـــﺪ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨـﺎي ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳـﺎت ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ اﻧـﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ اﭘﻮﻛـﺴﻲ‬.‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﻮد‬
‫ و‬12 ‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ و ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ در ﺟﺪاول‬
.‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬13
13 ‫ و‬12 ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺷـﻮد )ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﺪول‬
.(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬2 -10
10.2 Thickness
10.2.1 The dry film thickness of the finished
lining will depend upon the type of material
selected and the duties for which it is intended.
The designer shall specify the thickness of the
finished lining (see IPS-C-TP-352).
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧـﻮع ﻣـﻮاد‬1-2-10
10.2.2 The dry film thickness of the finished
thermosetting resin lining without use of
reinforced material (thin layer) shall not be
thicker than 400 µm, as there is a tendency for
the material to crack when thicker, and shall not
normally be thinner than 200 µm in order to
‫ ﺿــﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﻬــﺎﻳﻲ ﻻﻳــﻪ ﺧــﺸﻚ ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ رزﻳــﻦ‬2-2-10
‫ ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬.‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد آن ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-C-TP-352 ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ )ﺑﻪ‬
(‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣـﻮاد ﻣﻘـﺎوم ﺳـﺎزي )ﻻﻳـﻪ ﻧـﺎزك‬
‫ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻳﻦ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻴﺶ از‬،‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮون ﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬400 ‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮك ﺧﻮردن داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻪ‬
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minimize the incidence of pinholes.
200 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳـﺎﻧﺪن اﻳﺠـﺎد ﺳـﻮراخ ﻫـﺎي رﻳـﺰ ﻧﺒﺎﻳـﺪ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ از‬
.‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮون ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
10.2.3 The thickness of finished thermosetting
resin lining with using of inert fillers and/or
reinforcing agent (thick layer) such as mica.
glass flake, glass fiber and carbon black are from
600 µm up to 5 mm.
‫ ﺿــﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ رزﻳــﻦ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳــﺖ ﺗﻜﻤﻴــﻞ ﺷــﺪه ﺑــﺎ‬3-2-10
(‫ﻳـﺎ ﻣﻘـﺎوم ﺳـﺎز)ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺿـﺨﻴﻢ‬/‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻮاد ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻲ اﺛﺮ و‬
600 ‫ اﻟﻴــﺎف ﺷﻴــﺸﻪ و دوده از‬،‫ ﭘﻮﻟــﻚ ﺷﻴــﺸﻪ اي‬،‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨــﺪ ﻣﻴﻜــﺎ‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬5 ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮون ﺗﺎ‬
‫ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪه ﺳﺮد ﻻﻳﻪ ﺿﺨﻴﻢ رزﻳـﻦﻫـﺎي‬4-2-10
10.2.4 In case of thick layer cold curing
thermosetting resins, typically the liner is 2.5 to
3.5 mm thick and averages 20-25% glass fiber
and 75-80% resin. For good long-term lining
performance the temperature shall be limited to
60°C.
3/5 ‫ ﺗــﺎ‬2/5 ‫ ﺑﻄــﻮر ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ داراي ﺿــﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬،‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳــﺖ‬
‫ ﺗـﺎ‬75 ‫ درﺻﺪ اﻟﻴﺎف ﺷﻴﺸﻪ و‬25 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬20 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي داﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑـﺎ راﻧـﺪﻣﺎن و‬.‫ درﺻﺪ رزﻳﻦ دارد‬80
.‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻣﺤﺪود ﺷﻮد‬60 ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺧﻮب دﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻜﺎرﺑﺮدن ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ رزﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ )ﺑـﻪ‬3-10
10.3
Application of Thermosetting Resin
Lining (see also IPS-C-TP-352 Lining)
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-C-TP-352
10.3.1 Description
‫ ﺷﺮح‬1-3-10
10.3.1.1 In the case of metal equipment the
lining process shall start as soon as possible after
surface preparation is complete and before any
visible rusting occurs. Unless maintained in a
dehumidified atmosphere application of the
lining shall commence within 4 h. If signs of
rusting occur then the surface shall be prepared
again to the required standard.
‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨـﺪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬،‫ در ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻠﺰي‬1-1-3-10
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺳﻄﺢ و ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺑﺮوز زﻧﮓ زدﮔﻲ‬
، ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ در ﻓﻀﺎي رﻃﻮﺑﺖ زداﻳﻲ ﺷـﺪه‬.‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺮوع ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﮔﺮ ﻋﻼﻳﻢ زﻧﮓ‬.‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺷﺮوع ﺷﻮد‬4 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ دﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻋﺮض‬
‫ آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ دوﺑﺎره ﺗـﺎ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬،‫زدﮔﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
10.3.1.2 In the case of concrete equipment lining
shall not proceed until at least 28 days after the
concrete was cast and when the free water
content is down to the level specified.
28 ‫ در ﻣﻮرد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺣـﺪاﻗﻞ‬2-1-3-10
10.3.1.3 Where necessary surfaces shall be
primed in order to promote a bond with the
lining material. Once a primer has been applied
the equipment shall be kept clean and the lining
process shall start as soon as possible with
references to manufacturer recommendation.
‫ در ﺻﻮرت ﻟﺰوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮدن ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑـﺎ‬3-1-3-10
‫روز ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮن رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪ و ﻣﻴـﺰان آب ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد آن در‬
.‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬
،‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ از اﻋﻤـﺎل آﺳـﺘﺮي‬.‫ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ آﺳﺘﺮي ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪه و ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
.‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺷﺮوع ﺷﻮد‬
: ‫ﻳﺎدآوري ﻫﺎ‬
Notes:
1) The primer shall be pigmented to facilitate
uniform application and to assist in
establishing full coverage of the surface to be
lined.
‫( ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ ﺑﺎﻳــﺪ ﺣــﺎوي رﻧﮕﺪاﻧــﻪ ﺑــﻮده ﺗــﺎ اﻣﻜــﺎن اﻋﻤــﺎل‬1
2) In the case of steel equipment with large
surface areas, holding primers may be used to
hold the blast cleaned surface, provided that
the holding primer is compatible with the
lining material and does not interfere with the
adhesion of lining.
‫ از‬،‫( در ﻣــﻮرد ﺗﺠﻬﻴــﺰات ﻓــﻮﻻدي ﺑــــﺎ ﺳــﻄﻮح زﻳـــﺎد‬2
.‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ و اﻳﺠﺎد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺳﺎزد‬
‫آﺳﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﺣﻔﻆ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﻴـﺰ ﺷـﺪه‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ آﺳﺘﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬،‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺳــﺎزﮔﺎري داﺷ ـﺘﻪ و در ﭼــﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ ﺧﻠﻠــﻲ اﻳﺠــﺎد‬
.‫ﻧﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
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Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
3) In order to follow the safety regulations
for application of interior and periodic
inspection of lining of underground storage
tanks. See API PR 1631
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫( ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻘﺮرات اﻳﻤﻨـﻲ ﺑـﺮاي اﻋﻤـﺎل ﺑﺎزرﺳـﻲ‬3
‫داﺧﻠﻲ و دوره اي از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺨﺎزن ذﺧﻴﺮه زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬
.‫ دﻳﺪه ﺷﻮد‬API RP 1631 ‫در‬
‫ رزﻳﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ ﻛﻮره اي‬2-3-10
10.3.2 Stoved Thermosetting Resins
‫ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣـﻮرد ﻧﻈـﺮ‬1-2-3-10
10.3.2.1 Several coats are necessary in order to
achieve the stipulated thickness and each coat
shall be allowed to air dry before application of
the next coat. Any intermediate stoving shall be
at a lower temperature than the final stoving
temperature such that cure does not proceed
beyond the stage that impairs intercoat adhesion.
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮد و ﻫﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺟﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﻌـﺪي ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ در‬
‫ دﻣﺎي ﻛﻮره ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ دﻣـﺎي‬.‫ﻣﻌﺮض ﻫﻮا ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن ﺑﻌـﺪ از‬،‫ﻛﻮره ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
،‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬.‫رخ ﻧﺪﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮاري ﻧﺎزك‬
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
All external angles and edges shall be ’strip
coated’ by applying a thin coat before the rest of
the surface is coated.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺟﻬـﺖ‬،‫ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﮔـﺮم ﻛـﺮدن ﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ‬2-2-3-10
10.3.2.2 Before the final stoving takes place the
lining shall be tested for continuity. If the
continuity of the lined equipment meets the
quality stated in IPS-C-TP-352, final stoving can
proceed; if not, further coats shall be applied
locally or over the whole surface until the
specified standard is reached. When extra coats
are applied, the final thickness shall not exceed
the specified limit.
‫ در ﺻــﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛــﻪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴــﺖ ﭘﻴﻮﺳــﺘﮕﻲ‬.‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳــﺘﮕﻲ آزﻣــﺎﻳﺶ ﺷــﻮد‬
IPS-C-TP-352 ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ دﺳـﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ در ﻏﻴـﺮ اﻳـﻦ‬،‫ ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺻﻮرت ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ روي ﺗﻤﺎم‬
‫ در‬.‫ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺎ رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ از ﺣـﺪ‬،‫ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
.‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
This procedure is necessary because once these
materials have been cured at the final stoving
temperature, it is not possible to obtain the same
level of intercoat adhesion.
‫ زﻳﺮا ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮاد در‬،‫اﻳﻦ روش ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ‬
‫ اﻣﻜﺎن رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﺎن ﺳـﻄﺢ ﭼـﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ‬،‫دﻣﺎي ﻛﻮره ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
10.3.3 Thick layer cold curing thermosetting
resins
‫ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺿﺨﻴﻢ رزﻳﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪه‬3-3-10
10.3.3.1 The lining process shall be appropriate
to the grade of material selected for the lining.
‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ درﺟـﻪ ﻣـﻮاد‬1-3-3-10
10.3.3.2 Cold curing thermosetting lining are
applied by following methods:
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪه ﺳﺮد ﺑـﻪ روﺷـﻬﺎي‬2-3-3-10
‫در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺮد‬
.‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫زﻳﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺼﻴﺮي دﺳﺘﻲ‬‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺧﺮد‬‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ از ﭘﻮﻟﻚ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‬-
- Hand laid-up mat linings
- Spray-up chopped lining
- Flake glass lining
- Toweled mortar lining
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺣﺼﻴﺮي دﺳﺘﻲ از دو ﺗـﺎ ﺳـﻪ ﻻﻳـﻪ اﻟﻴـﺎف‬3-3-3-10
‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ روي زﻳﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻼﺳﺖ ﺷﺪه آﺳـﺘﺮي‬
‫ﺷﺪه ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد و ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ رزﻳﻦ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ ﺗـﺎ‬2/5 ‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑـﺎ‬.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬3-2-10 ‫)ﺑﻪ‬
‫ درﺻﺪ اﻟﻴﺎف ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي‬25 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬20 ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬3/5
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬4-2-10 ‫ درﺻﺪ رزﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺖ )ﺑﻪ‬80 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬75 ‫و‬
10.3.3.3 Hand laid-up mat lining consist of two
to three layers of glass fiber mat laid up over a
blasted primed substrate and finish off with a
coat of resin (see 10.2.3). Typically, the liner is
2.5 to 3.5 mm thick and averages 20-25% glass
fiber and 75-80% resin (see 10.2.4).
74
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ ﺑﺮاي داﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺧﻮب ﺑـﺎ راﻧـﺪﻣﺎن و ﻋﻤـﺮ‬1-3-3-3-10
10.3.3.3.1 For good lining long-term lining
performance, the temperature shall be limited to
60°C.
.‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻣﺤﺪود ﺷﻮد‬60 ‫ دﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ‬،‫ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﭘﻮﻟﻚ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬4-3-3-10
10.3.3.4 Flake glass lining
‫ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺪاﻳﺶ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ از ﭘﻮﻟﻚ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻣﺤﺪوده دﻣﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت ﺗـــﺎ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪه ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮ‬.‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬71-82
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬.‫ﺷﺪن ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ )و ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﺪه( ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬
‫از ﺧﺮده ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ رزﻳـﻦ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮط ﮔﺮدﻳـﺪه و‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺧـﺮده‬.‫ﺑﺮاي ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧـﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻜـﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮد‬
‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪاي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺳﻪ ﻻﻳﻪ )ﻃﺒﻖ ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻪ ﺳـﺎزﻧﺪه( ﻃﺒـﻖ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﮔـﺎز و‬.‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﻮرﻧـﺪه ﺷـﺪﻳﺪ ﮔـﺎز و‬1 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬0/75 ‫ﺑﺨﺎرات‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ اﻋﻤـــﺎل‬2 ‫ ﺗــﺎ‬1/5 ،‫ﺑﺨﺎرات و ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫــﺎي ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور‬
‫ از روش آﺧـﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻇـﺮوف و ﻣﺨـﺰن‬.‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺑﺰرگ و ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي ﮔﻮﮔﺮد زداﻳﻲ از ﮔﺎزﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﭘﻮﻟﻚ ﺷﻴﺸﻪاي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮات ﺳـﺎزه ﻫـﺎ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺗـﻮان‬
‫ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻛـﺎري و ﺻـﺎف‬.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد‬
‫ﺷــﺪه و ﺳــﭙﺲ ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ ﭘﻮﻟــﻚ ﺷﻴــﺸﻪاي ﺑــﺎ ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ ﺣــﺼﻴﺮي‬
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
The advent of flake glass lining extended the
service range to 71-82°C. It also produced a
higher quality (and premium price) lining
system. The glass flakes, blended with a suitable
resin system selected for the service conditions.
Flake glass lining shall be applied in three coats
(according to manufacturer recommendation). A
formulation of 0.75 to 1 mm thickness of lining
used in gas and vapor service and 1.5 to 2 mm
system used in severe corrosive conditions for
gas, vapor and submerged areas. This last is the
system that can be used in lining of large vessels
and tank and flue gas desulfurization system.
Flake glass lining can not be used for structural
repairs. Edges and sharp corners shall be
radiused and the flake glass lining covered with
a mat lining.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‬5-3-3-10
10.3.3.5 Trowelled mortar lining
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪه از رزﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ اﻟﻴﺎف ﺳﺒﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار را ﻣﻲ ﺗـﻮان ﺑـﺮاي‬
‫ ﻣﺨـﺎزن ﺑﺘﻨـﻲ و ﻇـﺮوف اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬،‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻫـﺎ‬، ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﭼﺎﻫﻚﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎر ﺧـﻮب در‬،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗـﻲ‬،‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺧﺮده ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي‬
.‫در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ را ﻧﺪارد‬
‫از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺷﺪه از ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ را ﻣﻲ ﺗـﻮان ﺑـﺮاي‬
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ و و ﭼﺎﻫﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮد‬
The filled resin lining stabilized with a light
roving can be used in lining of sumps, trenches,
concrete tanks, and vessels.
The toweled mortar lining, although providing
much better abrasion resistance than a flake
glass lining, does not possess the heat resistance
to excursions.
Silica-filled epoxy liners can be used in lining of
concrete trenches and sumps.
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IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 12 - RESISTANCE OF VARIOUS TYPES OF THERMOSET EPOXY LININGS IN
CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENTS
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬-12 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
EPOXY AMINE
CURED COATING
CORROSIVE
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪه‬
‫آﻣﻴﻦ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
EPOXY ESTER
COATING
(NOT
RECOMMENDED
FOR
IMMERSION)
COAL TAR
EPOXY
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
‫)ﺑﺮاي ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور ﺷﺪن‬
(‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
Acids:
:‫اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
Sulfuric,10%
%10 ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﻚ‬
R
LR
NR
LR
NR
NR
R
R
--
%10‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﻠﺮﻳﻚ‬
R
LR
NR
LR
LR
NR
LR
---
%10 ‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
NR
NR
NR
NR
---
%10 ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻳﻚ‬
R
NR
R
LR
R
LR
‫اﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﮔﻼﻳﺴﻴﺎل‬
‫اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب‬
‫اﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﻮرﻳﻚ‬
:‫آب‬
‫ﺷﺮب‬
‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬
‫درﻳﺎ‬
:‫ﻗﻠﻴﺎ ﻫﺎ‬
NR
NR
--
NR
R
R
--
--
R
R
R
R
R
R
LR
R
R
R
%20 ‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
R
R
LR
NR
NR
LR
R
LR
--
--
--
R
--
--
R
NR
NR
--
R
R
--
R
R
--
R
R
--
(‫ﻛﻠﺮ)ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎك‬
LR
LR
LR
LR
LR
--
‫ﮔﺎز ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻴﻚ‬
‫آﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
R
R
R
LR
LR
--
‫آﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
LR
LR
--
50%
78%
Hydrochloric10%
20%
35%
Nitric, 10%
20% +
Phosphoric, 10%
85%
Acetic, Glacial
Fatty acids
Boric acid
Water:
Tap
Distilled
Sea
Alkalies:
SodiumHydroxid 20%
70%
Ammonium Hydroxide, 10%
Aluminum Hydroxide
%10‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮم ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Potassium hydroxide
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Oxidizing Agents
Fats and Oils:
Mineral
Animal
Vegetable
Gases:
Chlorine (wet)
Ammonia
Carbon Dioxide
Aldehydes
Amines
‫ﻣﻮاد اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
:‫ﭼﺮﺑﻲ ﻫﺎ و روﻏﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬
:‫ﮔﺎزﻫﺎ‬
76
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 12 – (continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬12 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
EPOXY AMINE
CURED
COATING
CORROSIVE
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪه‬
‫آﻣﻴﻦ‬
EPOXY ESTER
COATING
(NOT
RECOMMENDED
FOR
IMMERSION)
COAL TAR
EPOXY
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
‫)ﺑﺮاي ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور ﺷﺪن‬
(‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
Solvents:
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Ketones
Ethers
Esters
:‫ﺣﻼل ﻫﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻴﻔﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻮرﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻮرﻫﺎي آروﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻛﺘﻮن ﻫﺎ‬
‫اﺗﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬
General Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
(‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻮرﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﺮﻳﻨﻪ ﺷﺪه )ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
Carbon Tetrachloride
‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺗﺘﺮاﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
Diethyl Ether
‫دي اﺗﻴﻞ اﺗﺮ‬
Salts:
:‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎ‬
Sodium Chloride
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
Sodium Phosphate
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬
Copper Sulfate
‫ﻣﺲ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
Ferric Chloride
‫ﻓﺮﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
Wetting Agents (Ionic and Non-ionic)
Miscellaneous:
R
LR
--
R
R
--
R
R
LR
LR
NR
--
LR
NR
--
LR
NR
--
LR
NR
--
R
LR
--
R
NR
--
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
--
R
R
R
R
R
--
(‫ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﻛﻨﻨﺪه )ﻳﻮﻧﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮﻳﻮﻧﻲ‬
:‫ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﻪ‬
‫آب اﻛﺴﻴﮋﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﭙﻮ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺖ‬
NR
NR
--
NR
NR
--
Chromic Acid
‫ﻛﺮوﻣﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
NR
NR
--
Perchloric Acid
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻠﺮﻳﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
NR
NR
--
Hydrogen Proxide, 30%
Sodium Hypochloride
Code: R = Recommended;
،‫= ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه‬R :‫روش‬
NR = Not Recommended;
،‫= ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه‬NR
LR = Limited Recommendation
‫= ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﺪود‬LR
77
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 13 - RESISTANCE OF VARIOUS TYPES OF POLYURETHANE LININGS IN CHEMICAL
ENVIRONMENTS (AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE)
(‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ )در دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬-13 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
CHEMICALS
AIR DRY
POLYURETHANE
BAKED
POLYURETHANE
‫ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮا‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن ﭘﺨﺘﻪ‬
COAL TAR
POLYURETHANE
‫ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﭘﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﻮد‬
‫اورﺗﺎن‬
Acids, Mineral:
‫اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
Hydrochloric,
10%
‫اﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪرﻳﻚ‬
LR
LR
LR
Hydrochloric,
37%
‫اﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪرﻳﻚ‬
LR
LR
--
Sulfuric,
10%
‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﻚ‬
LR
LR
LR
Sulfuric,
70%
‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﻚ‬
NR
LR
--
Nitric,
10%
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
LR
LR
--
Nitric,
70%
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
NR
NR
--
Phosphoric,
10%
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻳﻚ‬
R
R
LR
Phosphoric,
85%
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻳﻚ‬
LR
LR
--
Chromic,
10%
‫ﻛﺮوﻣﻴﻚ‬
LR
R
--
Chromic,
50%
‫ﻛﺮوﻣﻴﻚ‬
NR
LR
--
‫ﻫﺎﻳﺪروﻓﻠﻮرﻳﻚ‬
LR
LR
--
LR
NR
--
‫اﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
LR
R
--
‫ﮔﻼﻳﺴﻴﺎل اﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
NR
NR
--
‫اﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
R
R
--
Hydrofluoric,
48%
Hypochlorous
‫ﻫﻴﭙﻮﻛﻠﺮوس‬
Acids, Organic:
Acetic,
:‫اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎي آﻟﻲ‬
10%
Glacial Acetic
Anhydride Acetic
Formic
‫ﻓﻮرﻣﻴﻚ‬
NR
LR
--
Lactic
‫ﻻﻛﺘﻴﻚ‬
R
R
R
Cresylic
‫ﻛﺮﺳﻠﻴﻚ‬
NR
NR
--
Oleic
‫اوﻟﻴﻴﻚ‬
R
R
--
Oxalic
‫اوﮔﺰاﻟﻴﻚ‬
R
R
--
Maleic
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻴﻴﻚ‬
R
R
R
Stearic
‫اﺳﺘﻴﺎرﻳﻚ‬
R
R
--
Benzene sulfonic
‫ﺑﻨﺰن ﺳﺎﻟﻔﻮﻧﻴﻚ‬
R
R
--
Fatty acids
‫اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب‬
R
R
R
‫ اﺗﻴﻞ ﺑﻮﺗﺮ ﻳﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬-2
R
R
--
Citric acid
‫ﺳﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
--
--
R
Boric acid
‫ﺑﻮرﻳﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
--
--
R
Acid Salts:
:‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎي اﺳﻴﺪ‬
Aluminum sulfate
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
R
R
--
‫ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬،‫ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬،‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
R
R
--
‫ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬،‫ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬،‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
R
R
--
‫ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬،‫ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬،‫روي ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
R
R
--
2-ethyl butyric acid
Ammonium chloride, nitrate, sulfate
Calcium chloride, nitrate, sulfate
Zinc chloride, nitrate, sulfate
78
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 13- (continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-13 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
CHEMICALS
AIR DRY
POLYURETHANE
BAKED
POLYURETHANE
‫ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮا ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن ﭘﺨﺘﻪ‬
COAL TAR
POLYURETHANE
‫ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﭘﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫اورﺗﺎن‬
Ferric chloride
‫ﻓﺮﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
--
--
R
Magnesium chloride
‫ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
--
--
R
Alkalis:
:‫ﻗﻠﻴﺎ ﻫﺎ‬
Aluminum hydroxide
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
--
--
R
Ammonium hydroxide dilute ‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ رﻗﻴﻖ‬
LR
R
--
Ammonium hydroxide:conc. ‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ‬
LR
R
--
Calcium hydroxide
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
LR
R
--
Potassium hydroxide
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
LR
R
--
Sodium hydroxide,
15%
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
LR
R
LR
Sodium hydroxide,
50%
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
LR
LR
LR
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻲ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت‬
R
R
R
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت‬
R
R
--
Sodium sulfide
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺖ‬
R
R
--
Sodium sulfite
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺖ‬
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
--
Alkaline Salts:
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium carbonate
Trisodium phosphate
Sodium nitrate
Oxidizing Agents:
:‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮي ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
:‫ﻣﻮاد اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
Sodium hypochlorite
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﭙﻮﻛﻠﺮﻳﺖ‬
NR
NR
--
Potassium-permanganate
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﭘﺮﻣﻨﮕﻨﺎت‬
NR
NR
--
LR
LR
--
LR
LR
--
Sodium chlorate
Hydrogen peroxide
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻠﺮات‬
‫آب اﻛﺴﻴﮋﻧﻪ‬
Gasses:
:‫ﮔﺎزﻫﺎ‬
Chlorine, dry
‫ﻛﻠﺮ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
LR
R
--
Chlorine, wet
‫ﻛﻠﺮ ﺗﺮ‬
LR
R
--
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎك‬
Ammonia
Hydrogen sulfide
Carbon dioxide
Solvents:
LR
R
--
‫ﻫﻴﺪروژن ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬
R
R
--
‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ دي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
--
--
R
:‫ﺣﻼل ﻫﺎ‬
Ethyl acetate
‫اﺗﻴﻞ اﺳﺘﺎت‬
NR
R
--
Butyl acetate
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻴﻞ اﺳﺘﺎت‬
NR
R
--
Acetone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
‫اﺳﺘﻮن‬
NR
LR
NR
‫ﻣﺘﻴﻞ اﺗﻴﻞ ﻛﺘﻦ‬
NR
R
--
‫ﻣﺘﻴﻞ اﻳﺰوﺑﻮﺗﻴﻞ ﻛﺘﻦ‬
NR
R
--
(to be continued)
(‫)اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
79
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 13- (continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-13 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
CHEMICALS
AIR DRY
POLYURETHANE
BAKED
POLYURETHANE
‫ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮا ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن ﭘﺨﺘﻪ‬
COAL TAR
POLYURETHANE
‫ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﭘﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫اورﺗﺎن‬
Cyclohexanone
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮﻫﮕﺰان‬
NR
LR
--
‫اﻳﺰوﻓﺮون‬
NR
R
--
‫ﻣﺘﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻞ‬
NR
R
--
Ethyl alcohol
‫اﺗﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻞ‬
NR
R
--
Fatty alcohols
‫اﻟﻜﻞ ﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب‬
R
R
--
‫ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮل ﻫﺎ‬
Isophorone
Methyl alcohol
Glycols
Trichloroethylene
Perchlorethylene
Carbon tetrachloride
Methylene chloride
Ethylene dibromide
R
R
R
‫ﺗﺮي ﻛﻠﺮواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
NR
R
LR
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻠﺮواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
LR
R
LR
‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺗﺘﺮاﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
LR
R
LR
‫ﻣﺘﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
NR
LR
--
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ دي ﺑﺮوﻣﻴﺪ‬
LR
LR
--
Toluene
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻮﻳﻦ‬
R
R
LR
Benzene
‫ﺑﻨﺰن‬
R
R
--
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي آروﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬
R
R
--
Ethyl ether
‫اﺗﻴﻞ اﺗﺮ‬
R
R
--
‫اﻟﻴﻔﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
R
R
--
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Gasoline
‫ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻦ‬
Jet fuel
Orthodichlorobenzene
Carbon disulfide
Dimethyl formamide
R
R
--
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺟﺖ‬
R
R
--
‫ارﺗﻮدﻳﻜﻠﺮوﺑﻨﺰن‬
R
R
--
‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ دي ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬
R
R
--
‫دي ﻣﺘﻴﻞ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻣﻴﺪ‬
NR
NR
--
Turpentine
‫ﺗﺮﭘﻨﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬
R
R
--
Xylene
‫زاﻳﻠﻴﻦ‬
--
--
LR
‫روﻏﻦﻫﺎ ي ﺑﺮﺷﻜﺎري‬
R
R
--
‫روﻏﻦ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬
R
R
--
‫روﻏﻦ ﻫﺎي روانﺳﺎزي‬
Other:
:‫و ﻏﻴﺮه‬
Cutting oils
Vegetable oils
Lubricating oils
R
R
--
Diester lubricants
‫روﻏﻦ ﻫﺎي دي اﺳﺘﺮ‬
R
R
--
Stryrene monomer
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻧﻮﻣﺮ‬
R
R
--
Glycerin
‫ﮔﻠﻴﺴﻴﺮﻳﻦ‬
NR
R
--
Pyridine
‫ﭘﻴﺮﻳﺪﻳﻦ‬
Detergents
Formaldehyde,
Distilled water
37%
NR
--
--
‫ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻮﻳﻨﺪه‬
R
R
--
‫ﻓﺮم آﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ‬
R
R
--
‫آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬
R
R
(to be continued)
LR
(‫)اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
80
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
Table 13- (Continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-13 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
AIR DRY
POLYURETHAN
E
CHEMICALS
‫ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
Tap water
Salt water
Condensate water
Fruit juices
Milk products
Phenol in alcohol
Sewage waste
Hydrazine
Glyoxal
Anionic wetting agents
Acetonitrile
Butyraldehyde
Monoethanolamine
BAKED
POLYURETHANE
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن ﭘﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
COAL TAR
POLYURETHANE
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮا‬
‫ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﭘﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﻮد‬
‫اورﺗﺎن‬
‫آب ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ‬
R
R
R
‫آب ﺷﻮر‬
R
R
LR
‫آب ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻴﺪه‬
R
R
--
‫آب ﻣﻴﻮه‬
R
R
--
‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻟﺒﻨﻲ‬
R
R
--
‫ﻓﻨﻞ در اﻟﻜﻞ‬
NR
LR
--
‫ﻓﺎﺿﻼب‬
R
R
--
‫ﻫﻴﺪرازﻳﻦ‬
LR
--
--
‫ﮔﻼي اﻛﺴﺎل‬
R
R
--
‫ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﻧﻴﻮﻧﻲ‬
R
R
--
‫اﺳﺘﻮﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ‬
LR
R
--
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻴﺮآﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ‬
R
R
--
‫ﻣﻨﻮاﺗﺎﻧﻮل آﻣﻴﻦ‬
LR
LR
--
Code: R = Recommended; NR = Not Recommended; LR = Limited Recommendation.
‫= ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه‬NR ‫= ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه‬R :‫روش‬
‫= ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﺪود‬LR
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬-11
11. RUBBER LINING
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-11
11.1 General
11.1.1 The storage of corrosive or abrasive, or
both, solutions or suspensions requires that the
metal surface of storage tank, large pipes, or
holding vessels be lined with a material that
resist such action. Vulcanized rubber that is
securely adhered to the tank or other metal and
concrete surface imparts such resistance (see
Table 8.4).
‫ ﻣﺨﺎزﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﻨﺪه و ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮدو ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮرت‬1-1-11
11.1.2 Rubbers are elastomeric polymers having
reactive sides along their molecular chain
enabling cross-linking with each other. The
cross-linking process is called vulcanization.
This process is induced either by heat or
vulcanization agents or by a combination of
both.
‫ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻫــﺎي اﻟــﺴﺘﻮﻣﺮ ﻫــﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛــﻪ داراي‬،‫ ﻻﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﻫــﺎ‬2-1-11
11.1.3 The physical and chemical properties of
vulcanized rubbers vary widely according to the
type of rubber used and the amount and type of
filler and vulcanization agent present in the
compound. Some rubbers are available both as
hard rubber (ebonites) and as soft rubber. For
one rubber, chemical resistance increases and
‫ ﺧﻮاص ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ و ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎي وﻟﻜـﺎﻧﻴﺰه در‬3-1-11
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط در آﻧﻬﺎ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺳـﻄﻮح داﺧﻠـﻲ‬
‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ و ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎه ﻫﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﻮادي ﻛـﻪ در‬،‫ﻣﺨﺎزن‬
‫ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ‬.‫ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻳﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻘـﺎوم ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‬
‫وﻟﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻣﻄﻠـﻮب ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻄﻮح ﻣﺨـﺎزن و ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ‬
.‫ﻓﻠﺰات و ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪه ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ اﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎم ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‬
‫واﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ در اﻣﺘـﺪاد زﻧﺠﻴـﺮه ﻣﻮﻟﻜـﻮﻟﻲ ﺑـﻮده و ﻗﺎدرﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‬.‫ﺻﻮرت ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ وﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ اﻧﺠﺎم اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد‬.‫را وﻟﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪن ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‬
.‫وﻟﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰه ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از ﻫﺮدو اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮع ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ و ﻣﻴـﺰان و ﻧـﻮع ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨـﺪه و ﻣـﻮاد‬
‫وﻟﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰه ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮر ﮔـﺴﺘﺮده اي ﻓـﺮق ﺧﻮاﻫﻨـﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺳﺨﺖ )اﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ( و ﻧـﻮع ﻧـﺮم‬.‫داﺷﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻳـﻚ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ اﻓـﺰاﻳﺶ ﺳـﺨﺘﻲ ﺳـﺒﺐ‬.‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
81
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
abrasion decreases with increasing hardness.
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
.‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑـﺮاي وﻟﻜـﺎﻧﻴﺰه ﺷـﺪن در‬4-1-11
11.1.4 Rubber lining are generally designed for
vulcanization at elevated temperature but similar
rubber lining containing accelerated system
capable of promoting vulcanization at ambient
temperature are also available. Certain rubber
lining can be applied in the form of
prevulcanized sheets.
‫ اﻣـﺎ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ ﻣـﺸﺎﺑﻪ اي‬،‫دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ‬
‫وﺟﻮد دارد ﻛﻪ داراي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻮده و ﻗـﺎدر اﺳـﺖ در‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺧﺎﺻـﻲ را ﻣﻴﺘـﻮان‬.‫دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ وﻟﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ورق ﻫﺎي از ﭘﻴﺶ وﻟﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮد‬
11.1.5 The minimum thickness of rubber lining
shall be 4.5 mm in vessels and 3 mm in piping.
Rubber shall be calendared to contain at least 4
plys for each 3 mm of thickness.
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ ﺑـﺮاي ﻇـﺮوف ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬5-1-11
11.1.6 The adhesive system used for bonding the
rubber sheet to the substrate shall depend upon
the type of rubber and the method of
vulcanization, and may consist of one or more
individual layers. It shall be the responsibility of
the applicator to select an adhesive system which
will provide an adequate bond between rubber
and substrate.
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭼـﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑـﺮاي اﺗـﺼﺎل ورق ﻫـﺎي ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬6-1-11
‫ ﺑـﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬3 ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‬4/5
3 ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺷﻮد ﻛـﻪ دﺳـﺘﻪ ﻛـﻢ ﻫـﺮ‬
.‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ داراي ﭼﻬﺎر ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﻮع ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ و روش وﻟﻜـﺎﻧﻴﺰه‬
‫داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷـﺪه‬
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ از وﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر ﺑـﻮده و ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫از ﭼﺴﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﺠﺎد اﺗﺼﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ و ﻓﻠـﺰ‬
.‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
: ‫ﻳﺎدآوري ﻫﺎ‬
Notes:
1) In case where there is a likelihood of
severe chemical reaction, abrasion or
mechanical damage, the thickness may be
increased to 6 mm or greater. When the
rubber is used as a membrane under
chemical-resistant brick lining, the thickness
shall not be less than 5 mm. Up to these
thicknesses linings are applied as one single
layer except in the case of a composite
buildup, i.e. soft rubber base with an ebonite
top layer. Thicknesses greater than 6 mm are
normally applied in two or more layers.
‫ ﺳــﺎﻳﺶ ﻳــﺎ‬،‫( در ﺷــﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﻛــﻪ واﻛــﻨﺶ ﺷــﺪﻳﺪ ﺷــﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬1
2) The applicator shall provide the Company
with evidence of the suitability of the
adhesive.
‫( ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪارﻛﻲ دال ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮدن ﭼـﺴﺐ ﺑـﺮاي‬2
6 ‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ را ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ‬،‫ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬.‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ داد‬
،‫ﻏﺸﺎء زﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫـﺎ ﺗـﺎ اﻳـﻦ‬.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬5 ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺟـﺰ در‬،‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜـﺎل ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ ﻧـﺮم ﺑـﺎ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ‬،‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ‬
6 ‫ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻫـﺎي ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ از‬.‫اﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻻﻳـﻪ ﻓﻮﻗـﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت دو ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎر‬
.‫ﺑﺮده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
11.1.7 The application of rubber lining shall be
carried out by experienced contractors.
‫ ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜـﺎران‬7-1-11
11.1.8 Properly applied rubber lining will resist
vacuum in the order of 130 m bar absolute.
Shop-vulcanized rubber linings have in general a
better resistance to vacuum than in-site
vulcanized ones.
‫ اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻗﺎدر اﺳـﺖ در‬8-1-11
11.1.9 Rubber lined equipment shall not be
stored in extreme temperature conditions, such
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳـﺪ در ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ دﻣـﺎي‬9-1-11
.‫ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدد‬
ً‫ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻ‬.‫ ﻣﻴﻠـﻲ ﺑـــﺎر ﻣﻄﻠـﻖ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‬130 ‫ﺑـﺮاﺑـﺮ ﺧﻼء‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ وﻟﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰه ﺷـﺪه در ﻛﺎرﮔـﺎه داراي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮي در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻼء ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻧﻮاع دﻳﮕﺮ وﻟﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺤﻞ‬
.‫دارد‬
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as below 0°C or above 49°C. Avoid sudden
changes in temperature.
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد اﻧﺒـﺎر‬49 ‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ زﻳﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ درﺟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻻي‬،‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬
.‫ از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ دﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
11.1.10 Rubber-lined equipment may be
protected for extended periods of time by storing
the tank partially filled with a diluted solution.
When recommended by the rubber lining
manufacturer, a 5% sulfuric acid, 5% sodium
carbonate solution, or a weak salt solution make
ideal storage media to help keep the lining
flexible, to minimize expansion and contraction,
and to keep the air (ozone) from prematurely
deteriorating the lining surface. Do not permit
the liquid contained within to freeze.
‫ ﻋﻤــﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴــﺰات ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ ﻻﺳــﺘﻴﻜﻲ را ﻣــﻲ ﺗــﻮان ﺑــﺎ‬10-1-11
‫ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻛـﺮده و‬،‫ﭘﺮﻛﺮدن ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﻣﺨﺰن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل رﻗﻴﻖ ﺷﺪه‬
‫ درﺻـﺪ‬5 ،‫ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺳـﺎزﻧﺪه ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬.‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ داد‬
‫ درﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻧﻤﻚ‬5 ،‫اﺳﻴﺪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ اﻧﻌﻄـﺎف ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷـﺘﻦ‬
‫آﺳﺘﺮي و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﻘﺒـﺎض و اﻧﺒـﺴﺎط و ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻫـﻮا‬
‫ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ اﺟـﺎزه‬.‫)ازون( از ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ زودﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻧﺪﻫﻴﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ درون ﻣﺨﺰن ﻳﺦ ﺑﺰﻧﺪ‬
11.1.11 It is recommended that all rubber lined
plant and equipment shall be thoroughly
inspected at the end of the first year of service. If
its condition is satisfactory then the inspection
period can be longer than one year, but one year
inspection period is preferred.
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮد ﻛﻠﻴـﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات و ﺗﺄﺳﻴـﺴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬11-1-11
11.1.12 The temperature range capability of a
particular rubber or compound lining will vary
depending upon the chemical environment to
which it is exposed and the composition of the
rubber compound, but in no case shall exceed
the maximum temperatures indicated in Table 7.
‫ ﺗﻮان ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات دﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬12-1-11
11.1.13 The designer shall specify the hardness
of the lining material. The hardness shall
conform to the value specified on the requisition
within a tolerance of ±5°, a minimum of three
readings per square meter shall be taken.
.‫ ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺳـﺨﺘﻲ ﻣـﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ را ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‬13-1-11
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻳﻜﺴﺎل ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻃـﻮر ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ‬
‫ زﻣـﺎن‬،‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽـﻪ وﺿـﻌﻴﺖ رﺿـﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬.‫ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
‫ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﺑﻌـﺪ از ﻳـﻚ‬،‫ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﻳﻜﺴﺎل ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺳﺎل ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺧﺎص ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در آن ﻗـﺮار دارد‬
‫ اﻣـﺎ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻫـﻴﭻ‬،‫و ﻧﻮع ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫـﺪ ﺑـﻮد‬
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از دﻣﺎي ﻣـﺸﺨﺺ ﺷـﺪه در‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬7 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
±5° ‫ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه در درﺧﻮاﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺎ رواداري‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
.‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
‫ دﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬2-11
11.2 Design Aspects for Rubber Linings
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻮاد‬1-2-11
11.2.1 Material selection
‫ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻮع ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ و روش ﺑﻜـﺎرﮔﻴﺮي آن‬
‫در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ﻣﻮاد و ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت زﻳـﺮ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬8 ‫در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد )ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
For the final selection of the type of rubber
lining to be used and the method of application,
which shall be made in conjunction with the
materials specialist and the lining contractor, the
following details shall be considered (see also
Section 8).
‫ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬1-1-2-11
11.2.1.1 Products to be handled
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ اﺟﺰاء ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ دﻫﻨـﺪه‬
‫ ﺑﻄﻮر اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﻣﻴﺘـﻮان ﮔﻔـﺖ‬.‫آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﺎﻣﻞ آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ اﺛﺮات زﻳﺎن ﺑﺎري ﺑﺮ روي ﻋﻤﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺷﺘﻪ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﺎري ﺧﺎص ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮع آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑـﻲ رﻧـﮓ ﺷـﺪن‬
‫ ﻣﻬـﻢ‬،‫ﻣﺎده ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣـﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ اﺗﻔـﺎق ﺑﻴﺎﻓﺘـﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
A full analysis shall be made of the products to
be handled, including components present in
trace quantities. It is imperative to state the latter
as they may have a deleterious effect on the life
span of the lining.
For certain services it may be important to
determine
whether
contamination
or
discoloration of the material by the liner can
occur.
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‫ دﻣﺎ‬2-1-2-11
11.2.1.2 Temperature
:‫دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
The temperature of the products to be
handled:
‫دﻣﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﺎدي؛‬
‫دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ؛‬
.‫ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات دﻣﺎ‬
- Normal operating temperature;
- maximum and minimum temperatures;
- cycle of temperature variation.
-
‫ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺧﻼء ﻳﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر‬3-1-2-11
11.2.1.3 The Degree of Vacuum or Pressure
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﺎدي؛‬‫ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻫﺎي ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ؛‬.‫ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻓﺸﺎر‬-
- Normal operating pressure;
- maximum and minimum pressures;
- cycle of pressure variation.
‫ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬4-1-2-11
11.2.1.4 The Cycle of Operations
.‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي‬
Continuous or batch process.
‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ و ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ‬5-1-2-11
11.2.1.5 Abrasion and Erosion
‫ ﻫﻤـﺮاه‬،‫ اﻧﺪازه ذرات و ﺧﻮاص ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‬،‫ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻣﻘﺪار‬
.‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
Details of the amount, particle size and physical
characteristics of suspended matter, together
with flow rates.
‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ وري‬6-1-2-11
11.2.1.6 Immersion Conditions
‫ﻏﻮﻃﻪ وري در ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت داﻳﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ و ﭘﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ‬
.‫ﭘﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺪه‬
‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻋـﺪاد ﻣﺒﻨـﺎي‬،‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ آﻣﺎدﮔﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺑــﺮاي ﺗﺄﻳﻴــﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒــﺎت ﻻﺳــﺘﻴﻚ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ ﻫــﺎي ورق ﻻﺳــﺘﻴﻚ‬
.‫وﻟﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
Constant or intermittent immersion of the lining,
and partially or completely filled operation.
The contractor shall be prepared to supply the
specification, including a reference number for
the approved rubber compound, and samples of
the vulcanized rubber sheet for test and reference
purposes.
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬3-11
11.3 Thickness of Rubber
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬3 ‫ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬1-3-11
11.3.1 Generally, the thickness of the lining
should be a minimum of 3 mm. In cases where
there is likelihood of severe chemical reaction,
abrasion or mechanical damage, the thickness
may be increased to 6 mm or greater.
‫ ﺳـﺎﻳﺶ‬،‫ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل واﻛﻨﺶ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
6 ‫ﻳﺎ ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺗﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
‫زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻏﺸﺎء زﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬5 ‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬،‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑـﺮده‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ‬،‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻃـﻮر ﻛﻠـﻲ ﺣـﺪاﻗﻞ‬.‫ﻧﺮم ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ اﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ‬3 ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‬4/5 ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻇﺮوف‬
.‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
When the rubber is used as a membrane under
chemical-resistant brick lining, the thickness
should not be less than 5 mm. Up to these
thicknesses linings are applied as one single
layer except in the case of a composite build-up,
i.e. soft rubber base with an ebonite top layer.
Generally minimum thickness shall be 4.5 mm
for vessels and 3 mm for piping.
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ روي زﻳﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬2-3-11
11.3.2 The thickness of the lining applied on a
metallic substrate shall be determined with a
suitable thickness meter and shall conform to the
specified thickness within a tolerance of ±10%. A
minimum of 3 measurements per square meter
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ و ﺑـﺎ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳـﻒ ﺷـﺪه و ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ ﺣـﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳـﻪ اﻧـﺪازه‬.‫ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬± 10 ‫رواداري‬
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬.‫ﮔﻴﺮي در ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدد‬
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Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
shall be made. The thickness of the rubber lining
applied on concrete or any other non-magnetic
surface shall be determined destructively.
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ روي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴـﺴﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬
.‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺨﺮب ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬4-11
11.4 Hardness of Rubber
‫ ﺳــﺨﺘﻲ ﻻﺳــﺘﻴﻚ ﺷﺎﺧــﺼﻲ از ﻣﻘﺎوﻣــﺖ ﺷــﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و‬1-4-11
11.4.1 The hardness of a rubber is a property
indicative of its chemical resistance and
mechanical strength. In general for one rubber
composition the chemical resistance increase and
the mechanical properties (e.g. abrasion
resistance) increases with increasing hardness
(see Table 8.4).
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ در ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ اﻓـﺰاﻳﺶ‬.‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ آن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺳــﺨﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ اﻓــﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣــﺖ ﺷــﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و اﻓــﺰاﻳﺶ ﺧــﻮاص‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ آن ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد )ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ( )ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﺪول‬
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬4-8
‫ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻴـﺰان ﻧﻔـﻮذ‬2-4-11
11.4.2 The hardness is determined by measuring
the penetration of a specified indenture under a
certain load. Various types of indenture and
loads are used. In general, it is common to
express hardness in Durometer A or Durometer D
readings in accordance with ASTM D 2240.
.‫دﻧﺪاﻧﻪﮔﺬار ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﺗﺤﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮوي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫دﻧﺪاﻧﻪ ﮔﺬارﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت در اﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﻪ ﻛـﺎر‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ در دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻫـﺎي ﺳـﺨﺘﻲ‬.‫ﻣﻲ رود‬
‫ ﻣﻲ ﺗـﻮان ﻗﺮاﺋـﺖ‬ASTM D 2240 ‫ ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬D ‫ و‬A ‫ﺳﻨﺞ‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ ﻧﻤــﻮدار ﻣﻘﺎﻳــﺴﻪ ﻣﻘــﺎدﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒــﻲ ﺳــﺨﺘﻲ ﻫـــــﺎي‬3-4-11
11.4.3 A chart giving an approximate
comparison of hardness values as measured with
different instruments is given in Appendix C.
‫اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺪه ﺑـﺎ اﺑـﺰارﻫـﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ در ﭘﻴﻮﺳـﺖ )ج( آﻣـﺪه‬
.‫اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺳـﺨﺘﻲ ﺑـﺮاي ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‬4-4-11
11.4.4 Typical values for the different rubbers
used for lining purposes are:
:‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶدﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬
‫ ﺳﺨﺖ‬NR
Hard NR
rubber
60°
‫ﻧﻮع‬
Type
D
shore durometer
‫ ﻧﺮم‬NR
Soft NR
rubber
50°
"
Type
A
shore durometer
SBR
rubber
50°
"
Type
A
shore durometer
CR
rubber
60°
"
Type
A
shore durometer
IIR
rubber
60°
"
Type
A
shore durometer
NBR
rubber
80°
"
Type
A
shore durometer
CSM
rubber
80°
"
Type
A
shore durometer
FKM
rubber
80°
"
Type
A
shore durometer
80°
"
Type
D
shore durometer
‫اﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ‬
Ebonites
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬5-11
11.5 Application of Rubber Liners
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت و ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﻛﺎرﻫﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬
.‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدد‬IPS-C-TP-352 ‫ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
Application of rubber liners, requirements and
inspection of the works shall be in accordance
with IPS-C-TP-352.
85
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي و ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬-12
12. GLASS AND PORCELAIN LINING
(‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﺸﻪ )ﻟﻌﺎب ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي‬1-12
12.1 Glass Lining (Vitreous Enameling)
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-1-12
12.1.1 General
12.1.1.1 Glass lining are used for protection of
ferrous metals equipment such as reactors,
storage tanks, pipes and valves in against
corrosive environments.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻠـﺰي‬1-1-1-12
12.1.1.2 Their resistance to strong alkalis is
dependent on temperature (see Table 14). At
room temperature practically any alkaline
concentration may be safely handled. At the
boiling point, concentration having a pH value
between 10 to 12 will cause glass etching, and
for this reason are not recommended.
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣـﻮاد ﻗﻠﻴـﺎﻳﻲ ﻗـﻮي ﺑـﻪ دﻣـﺎ‬2-1-1-12
‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺷﻴﺮآﻻت در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬،‫ ﻣﺨﺎزن ذﺧﻴﺮه‬،‫آﻫﻨﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ راﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
‫ در دﻣـﺎي اﺗـﺎق ﻫـﺮ‬.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـﻪ ﺷـﻮد‬14 ‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد )ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬
.‫ﻏﻠﻈﺘﻲ از ﻣﻮاد ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ را ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ اﺳـﺖ‬12 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬10 ‫ ﺑﻴﻦ‬pH ‫در دﻣﺎي ﺟﻮش ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺣﻚ ﻛﺮدن ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﺑـــﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ دﻟﻴـﻞ ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻪ‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
12.1.1.3 The glass lining shall only be used for
metals (ferrous metals, aluminum).
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴـﺸﻪ اي ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺮاي ﻓﻠـﺰات‬3-1-1-12
12.1.1.4 Carbon steel (ASTM-A-285-Grade A
and B), high-tensile steel, cast iron, stainless
steel (Type 430) can be glassed successfully.
Items made of cast steel do not glass well.
،(ASTM-A-285-GradeA&B)‫ ﻓــﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨــﻲ‬4-1-1-12
.‫)ﻓﻠﺰات آﻫﻨﻲ و آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم( ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮده ﺷﻮد‬
(430 ‫ ﻓـﻮﻻد زﻧـﮓ ﻧـﺰن )ﻧـﻮع‬،‫ ﭼـﺪن‬،‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﺤﻜﺎم ﺑـﺎﻻ‬
‫ اﻗﻼﻣـﻲ ﻛـﻪ از‬.‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻻد رﻳﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴـﺸﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داده‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ دو ﻧﻮع ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﺧـﻮردﮔﻲ‬5-1-1-12
12.1.1.5 There are two types of glasses which
have the high universal corrosion resistance
required by the chemical industry:
:‫ﻓﺮاﮔﻴﺮ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬
a) High silica glass, while being the most
acid resistant glass, is very difficult to apply
to steel.
‫ اﻣـﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳـﻴﺪ‬،‫اﻟﻒ( ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
b) Borosilicate glass, is the type used in
coating most vessels and equipment for
severe chemical service.
‫ ﺑــﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ ﻛﻠﻴــﻪ ﻇــﺮوف و‬،‫ــﺮ‬‫ب( ﺷﻴــﺸﻪ ﺳــﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت ﺑ‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮﻻد ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات در ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪاً ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑـﺮده‬
.‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از اﻛـﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﻠـﺰي‬‫ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت ﺑ‬6-1-1-12
12.1.1.6 Borosilicate glasses are combination of
metal oxides, which shall be dry mixed and
fused at 1370°C and then shall be chilled
suddenly. Glass in this quenched condition is
known as "frit". The glass frit is prepared for use
in production in two forms: "slip and dust".
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺧﺸﻚ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷـﺪه و ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺑـﺎ ذوب ﺗـﺎ‬
‫ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬.‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد و ﺳﺮدﻛﺮدن ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺖ‬1370
.‫ﺳﺮد ﺷﺪه ﺗﺤﺖ اﻳﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻧـﺎم »ﻓﺮﻳـﺖ« ﻧﺎﻣﻴـﺪه ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮد‬
‫ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ دو ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺧﻤﻴـﺮي و ﭘﺎﺷـﺶ ﭘـﻮدر داغ‬
.‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻣـﻮاد‬،‫در روش ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﻓـﺸﺎن ﻳـﺎ ﻏﻮﻃـﻪوري‬
‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬،‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺧﻤﻴﺮي و در روش ﭘﻮدر داغ‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﻮدري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
In spraying and slushing method of application
glass lining slip form of glass frit and in hotdusting method dust form of glass frit shall be
used.
‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﻴـﺸﻪ ﺑـﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬7-1-1-12
12.1.1.7 For more information on production of
glass for glass lining see NACE Publication 6 H
160.
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬NACE 6H 160 ‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ‬
86
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 14 - CORROSION RESISTANCE OF GLASSED STEEL TO ALKALINE MEDIA
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻓﻮﻻد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي در ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎي ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬-14 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
TEMPERATURE,
ALKALI
CONCENTRATION
PERCENT
LIQUID PHASE CORROSION
RATE, μm PER YEAR
‫دﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫درﺻﺪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬
‫ﻧﺮخ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ در ﻓﺎز ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻴﻜﺮون در‬
‫ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
°C
1
21
65
100
25
125
1600
5
21
65
100
25
250
4025
10
21
65
100
25
250
4375
20
21
65
100
25
550
5100
1
21
65
100
25
175
1000
5
21
65
100
25
225
2350
10
21
65
100
25
150
2350
20
21
65
100
25
175
1975
1
21
65
100
25
100
450
5
21
65
100
25
100
725
21
65
100
21
65
100
25
100
100
25
125
1325
NaOH
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Na3PO4
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬
Na2CO3
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت‬
10
20
‫ﺳﺎل‬
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬2-1-12
12.1.2 Glass Lining Thickness
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴـﺸﻪ اي ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس‬1-2-1-12
12.1.2.1 The thickness of glass lining shall be
selected based on duty for which it is intended
and with reference to the following general types
of glassed steel substrate. The types are:
‫ﻧﻮع اﺳﺘﻔﺎده آن و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠـﻲ زﻳﺮآﻳﻨـﺪ ﻓـﻮﻻدي‬
:‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺪه زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬
‫ﺮ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺪه‬‫اﻟﻒ( ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻴﺸﻪاي ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت ﺑ‬
a) High voltage tested glass lining or alkaliborosilicate (Thickness of 1 to 2 mm) for
very severe corrosive service.
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ( ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ ﻫـﺎﻳﻲ‬2 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬1 ‫ﺑﺎ وﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﺎﻻ )ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ از‬
.‫ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮرﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ب ( ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﺸﻪاي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷـﺪه ﺑـﺎ وﻟﺘـﺎژ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ( ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮرﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬1/25 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬0/3 ‫)ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ از‬
.‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
b) Low voltage tested glass lining (Thickness
0.3 to 1.25 mm) for mild corrosive service.
‫ج‬
‫ج ( ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺪه ﺑـﺮوش ﭼـﺸﻤﻲ‬
c) Visual tested glass lining (0.38 to 0.63
mm), shall not be used for corrosive
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ( در ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎي ﺧﻮرﻧـﺪه‬0/63 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬0/38 ‫)ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ از‬
87
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
environments but is used in handling stored
materials.
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ وﻟﻲ در ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻮاد اﻧﺒـﺎر ﺷـﺪه ﺑﻜـﺎر‬،‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻣﻲ رود‬
‫ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي آب ﮔﺮﻣﻜﻦ ﻫﺎ‬2-2-1-12
12.1.2.2 The upper and lower limits of thickness
for water heaters shall be 0.15 and 0.4 mm
where local increases in thickness are technically
unavoidable, they shall be of limited extent. The
lining thickness shall nowhere be greater than 1
mm.
‫ در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ اﻓـﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻮﺿـﻌﻲ‬،‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬0/4 ‫ و‬0/15 ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻴﺰان آن‬،‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ در ﻫﻴﭻ ﺟﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬.‫ﻣﺤﺪود ﮔﺮدد‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬1
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي‬3-1-12
12.1.3 Application of Glass Lining
Application of glass lining
accordance with IPS-C-TP-352.
shall
be
IPS-C-TP-352 ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣـﻮاد ﺷﻴـﺸﻪ اي ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻃﺒـﻖ‬
in
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮادﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬2-12
12.2 Porcelain Lining
‫ ﻟﻌﺎﺑﻬﺎي ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي اﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ در‬1-2-12
12.2.1 Porcelain enamels are glassy inorganic
coating that are applied primarily to fabricated
sheet steel, cast iron, or aluminum parts to
improve appearance and to protect the metal
surface. For standard specification of steel sheet
for porcelain lining see ASTM-A-424 and
ASTM-C-660.
‫ ﭼﺪن ﻳﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴـﻮﻣﻲ‬، ‫اﺑﺘﺪا روي ورق ﻓﻮﻻد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻇﺎﻫﺮ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻠـﺰ ﺑﻜـﺎر ﺑـﺮده ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨـﻲ ورق ﻓـﻮﻻد ﺑـﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻣـﻮاد‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASTM-A-424 ‫ و‬ASTM-C-660‫ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
12.2.2 Alkali resistant, acid resistant, hot water
resistant and regular blue-black enamels are four
types of porcelain enamel materials that are used
to protect the metal surface in corrosive
environments.
‫ ﻣﻘـﺎوم ﺑـﻪ‬،‫ ﻣﻘﺎوم اﺳـﻴﺪي‬،‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوم ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬2-2-12
12.2.3 In porcelain enamels for application to
most metals silica, alumina and the oxides of
boron, sodium, magnesium, calcium and
potassium are the basic ingredients.
‫ در ﻟﻌﺎﺑﻬﺎي ﻣﻮاد ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﻓﻠـﺰات ﺑﻜـﺎر‬3-2-12
‫آب ﮔﺮم و ﻟﻌﺎب ﻫﺎي ﻋﺎدي آﺑﻲ – ﺳﻴﺎه ﭼﻬـﺎر ﻧـﻮع ﻣـﻮاد ﻟﻌـﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻠـﺰات در ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ ﻫـﺎي‬
.‫ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ‬
،‫ ﺳـﺪﻳﻢ‬،‫ـﺮ‬‫ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴـﻮم و اﻛـﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﺑ‬،‫ ﺳـﻴﻠﻴﺲ‬،‫ﺑﺮده ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮد‬
.‫ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ و ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ‬
‫ درﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ذوب و ﺳـﭙﺲ‬420 ‫ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎم در دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي‬
‫ ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ دو ﺷﻜﻞ‬.‫ﺳﺮد ﺷﺪه ﺗﺎ ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻳﺪ‬
.‫ﭘﻮدري و ﺧﻤﻴﺮي ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
The raw material fused at a temperature above
420°C and then chilled to produce frits. The
porcelain frit is prepared in two forms of slip and
dust.
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻟﻌﺎب ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ زﻳﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﻓﻠﺰي و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬4-2-12
12.2.4 The optimum thickness of porcelain
enamel depends on the substrate metal and the
service requirements of the part (see Table 15).
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬15 ‫ﻛﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد )ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬
TABLE 15 - THE FIRED PORCELAIN ENAMEL THICKNESS
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻟﻌﺎب ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﺴﻮز‬-15 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
THICKNESS
TYPE OF METALS
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
mm
‫ﻧﻮع ﻓﻠﺰات‬
Aluminum
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم‬
0.065 – 0.125
Steel Sheet
‫ورق ﻓﻮﻻد‬
0.1
- 0.225
1
- 1.78
Cast iron
‫ﭼﺪن‬
88
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ ﻟﻌﺎبﻫﺎي ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻳﺎ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺗﻲ‬،ً‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬5-2-12
12.2.5 Normally, porcelain enamels are selected
for products or components where there is a
need for one or more of the special service
requirements that porcelain enamel can provide,
such as chemical resistance, corrosion,
protection,
weather
resistance,
specific
mechanical or electrical properties, and thermal
shock capability. Porcelain enamels are used for
lining of chemical reactors, heat exchangers,
induction heating coils, jet engine components
and transformer cases. In selection of porcelain
lining the provisions of section 8 shall be
considered.
‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣـﺎت ﺧـﺎص ﻛـﺎرﺑﺮي ﻧﻴـﺎز دارﻧـﺪ و‬
‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻨــﺪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣــﺖ‬،‫ﻟﻌــﺎبﻫــﺎي ﭼﻴﻨــﻲ ﻣــﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨــﺪ ﻓــﺮاﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﻨــﺪ‬
،‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﺟـﻮي‬،‫ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬،‫ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬،‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺧﻮاص وﻳﮋه ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ و ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮي ﺷـﻮك ﻫـﺎي‬
،‫ ﻟﻌــﺎب ﭼﻴﻨــﻲ ﺑــﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ راﻛﺘﻮرﻫــﺎي ﺷــﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬.‫ﺣﺮارﺗــﻲ‬
‫ اﺟـﺰاء ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫـﺎي‬،‫ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﺎي اﻟﻘـﺎء ﺣـﺮارت‬،‫ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
‫ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬.‫ﺟﺖ و ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻴﺮود‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺖ‬8 ‫ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﺑﺨﺶ‬
‫ آﻣﺎده ﺳـﺎزي ﻗﺒـﻞ از ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت ﻟﻌـﺎب دادن ﭼﻴﻨـﻲ و‬6-2-12
12.2.6 Preparation prior to porcelain enamelling
and lining application are the same as glass
lining (see IPS-C-TP 352). The porcelain
enamels shall be fired in 1010°C.
.‫اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻛﺮدن ﺷﻴﺸـﻪاي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ ﻟﻌﺎب ﻫﺎي ﭼﻴﻨـﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ در‬.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-C-TP-352 ‫)ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﭘﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬1010 ‫دﻣﺎي‬
‫ ﺳــﻄﻮح ﺳــﺨﺖ ﭘﻮﺷــﺶﻫــﺎي ﻟﻌــﺎﺑﻲ داراي ﺿــﺮﻳﺐ‬7-2-12
12.2.7 The hard surfaces of enamel coatings
have low coefficients of friction and are highly
resistant to abrasion, rating 3½ to 6 on Moh’s
scale (see Note) of mineral hardness. Being
smooth and impervious to absorption, they
minimize product adhesion and clean readily.
Porcelain enamels are essentially glassy and are
electrically non-conductors with dielectric
strength in the range from 100 to 450 volts per
0.025 mm depending upon composition.
‫ اﻧـﺪازه‬.‫اﺻﻄﻜﺎك ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺳـﺎﻳﺶ ﻫـﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣــﻮاد ﻣﻌــﺪﻧﻲ‬Moh's ‫ در ﻣﻘﻴــﺎس‬6 ‫ ﺗــﺎ‬3 1 ‫ﺳــﺨﺘﻲ آﻧﻬــﺎ از‬
2
‫ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺻـﺎف و ﻧﻔـﻮذ ﻧﺎﭘـﺬﻳﺮ‬.(‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎدآوري ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل را ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳـﺎﻧﺪه و ﺑـﻪ‬،‫ﺑﻮدن در ﺟﺬب‬
‫ ﻟﻌﺎب ﻫﺎي ﭼﻴﻨﻲ اﺻﻮﻻً ﺷﻴﺸﻪاي ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ‬.‫ﺳﺎدﮔﻲ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
450 ‫ ﺗـﺎ‬100 ‫و ﻏﻴﺮرﺳﺎﻧﺎي اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻗـﺪرت دياﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳـﻚ از‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻮده ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ دارد‬0/025 ‫وﻟﺖ ﺑﺮاي‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫ ﻧـﺸﺎن‬:1 ‫ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﻮده ﻛـﻪ‬:Moh's ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎس‬
:5 ،‫ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳـﺖ‬:4 ،‫ ﻛﻠـﺴﻴﺖ‬:3 ،‫ ﮔـﭻ‬:2 ،‫دﻫﻨﺪه ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﭘﻮدر ﺗﺎﻟـﻚ‬
:9 ،‫ ﻛـﻮارﺗﺰ‬:8 ،‫ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺧـﺎﻟﺺ ﺳـﻴﻠﻴﺲ‬:7 ،‫ اورﺗﻮﻛﻼز‬:6 ،‫اﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ‬
:12 ،‫ زﻳﺮﻛــﻮﻧﻴﻢ اﻛــﺴﻴﺪ ذوب ﺷــﺪه‬:11 ،‫ ﮔﺎرﻧــﺖ‬:10 ،‫ﺗﻮﭘــﺎز‬
‫ و‬،‫ ﺑﻮرﻛﺎرﺑﻴـﺪ‬:14 ‫ ﺳﻴﻠﻴـﺴﻢ ﻛﺎرﺑﻴـﺪ و‬:13 ،‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﺎي ذوب ﺷﺪه‬
.‫ اﻟﻤﺎس ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬:15
Mohs’ scale: A scale of hardness for minerals in
which 1 represents the hardness of Talc; 2,
gypsum; 3, calcite; 4, fluorite; 5, apatite; 6,
orthoclase; 7, vitreous pure silica; 8, quartz; 9,
topaz; 10, garnet; 11, fused zirconium oxide; 12,
fused alumina; 13, silicon carbide; 14, boron
carbide; and 15, diamond.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬-13
13. CERAMIC LINING
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-13
13.1 General
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺮوﻧـﻲ و داﺧﻠـﻲ از ﺟـﻨﺲ ﺳـﺮاﻣﻴﻚ در‬1-1-13
13.1.1 Ceramic coating and lining, by strict
definition, are "super porcelains" based on
silicates and oxides. However, by extension,
high-temperature coating based on carbides,
silicides, borides, nitrides, cermets and some
other inorganic materials also have come to be
referred to as ceramic coatings and linings (see
13.2).
‫ ﻋﺒﺎرت از »ﭼﻴﻨﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺗﺮ« ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ ﺳـﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺗﻬﺎ و‬،‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ دﻗﻴﻖ‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎل ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻌﻤـﻴﻢ اﻳـﻦ ﻣﻌﻨـﻲ‬.‫اﻛﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
،‫ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳـﺪﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﻮرﻳـﺪﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺳﻴﻠﻴـﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬،‫دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑـﺮ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﻴـﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫـــﺎي داﺧﻠـﻲ و ﺑﻴﺮوﻧـﻲ‬،‫ﺳﺮﻣﺖ ﻫﺎ و دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬2- 13 ‫ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ )ﺑــﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
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IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ و داﺧﻠﻲ از ﺟﻨﺲ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ ﺑـﺮاي‬2-1-13
13.1.2 Ceramic coatings and linings are applied
to metals, concrete and brick surfaces to protect
them against oxidation, corrosion and erosion at
room and at elevated temperatures. Special
coatings and linings have been developed for
specific uses, such as wear, chemical resistance,
and prevention of hydrogen diffusion. Some of
the application in which ceramic coated metals
are employed are furnace components, heat
treating
equipment,
chemical-processing
equipments and heat exchangers.
‫ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺘﻦ و آﺟﺮ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدﻧـﺪ ﺗـﺎ آﻧﻬـﺎ را در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ‬،‫ﻓﻠﺰات‬
‫ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ و ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ در دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ و در دﻣﺎﻫﺎي‬،‫اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺷﺪن‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎ و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺨـﺼﻮﺻﻲ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻘـﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ‬،‫رﺷﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮارد ﺧﺎص ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳـﺎﻳﺶ‬
.‫ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻫﻴـﺪروژن ﺑﻜـﺎر ﻣـﻲ روﻧـﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات‬،‫ﻓﻠﺰات ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺟﺰاء ﻛﻮره‬
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴــﺰات ﻓﺮآﻳﻨــﺪي ﺷــﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﻣﺒــﺪﻟﻬﺎي‬،‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴــﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗــﻲ‬
.‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
13.1.3 Ceramic lining can be applied in two
systems; single layer and dual layer system over
metallic, concrete, and brick substrate.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻜﻲ را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان در دو ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬3-1-13
13.1.3.1 Single-layer lining consist of a layer of
castable or gunitable ceramic with or without an
anchoring system.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺗﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﮔـﺮي‬1-3-1-13
13.1.3.2 Single layer of ceramic lining shall be
used only on metallic surfaces for specific uses
such as wear, chemical resistance, and electrical
resistance in heat treating equipment and
chemical processing equipment.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺗﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ روي ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻠﺰي ﺑﺮاي‬2-3-1-13
13.1.3.3 Dual lining consist of a layer of
membrane, protected by a surface layer of
erosion resistant castable ceramic. The surface
layer may be supported by either Y or V-studs or
retained in hex mesh supported by 50 mm,
square washers and studs (see Fig. 14).
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ دو ﻻﻳﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﻏـﺸﺎء اﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬3-3-1-13
‫ ﺑﺘﻨـﻲ و‬،‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ و دو ﻻﻳﻪ روي ﺳـﻄﻮح ﻓﻠـﺰي‬،‫ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮد‬
.‫زﻳﺮاﻳﻨﺪ آﺟﺮي‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ ﭘﺮﺗﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻳﺎ ﺑـﺪون ﺑﻜـﺎر ﺑـﺮدن ﺳـﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻬـﺎر‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣـﻮاد ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و‬،‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜـﻲ در ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗـﻲ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴـﺰات‬
.‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘـﺎوم ﺳـﺮاﻣﻴﻚ رﻳﺨﺘـﻪ ﮔـﺮي در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﻓﺮﺳـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ وﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﻫـﺎي‬.‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺷﺶ ﺿﻠﻌﻲ ﺑﺎ واﺷﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ‬Y ‫ ﻳﺎ‬V ‫دوﺳﺮ‬
‫ )ﺑـﻪ‬.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮي و ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎي دوﺳﺮ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ و ﭘـﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺷـﻮد‬50
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬14 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
13.1.3.4 Dual system is used for lining of both
steel and concrete equipments. Membrane
choices include asphaltics, resins and synthetic
elastomers (see Clause 14.2.2).
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ دوﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮﻻد و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬4-3-1-13
13.1.3.5 Dual system of ceramic lining shall be
used for storage of sodium chlorate (NaClO3),
hot HCl acid, titanium dioxide (TiO2) slurry,
ethylbenzene, aluminum chloride and benzene.
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻜﻲ دوﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ‬5-3-1-13
‫ رزﻳـﻦ ﻫـﺎ و‬،‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻏـﺸﺎء ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ آﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻫـﺎ‬.‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬2-2-14 ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻮﻣﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
،‫ دوﻏــﺎب‬،‫ اﺳــﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﺮﻳــﺪرﻳﻚ داغ‬، (NaClO3)‫ﺳــﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻠــﺮات‬
‫ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴـﻮم ﻛﻠﺮﻳـﺪ و‬،‫ اﺗﻴـﻞ ﺑﻨـﺰن‬،(Tio2) ‫ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم دي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﻨﺰن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
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Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
Chemical and moisture-resistant
monolithic lining membrance
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
Flexible chemical and
moisture-resistant
‫ﻏﺸﺎء اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬
‫و ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻏﺸﺎء ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬
‫و ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
Permanently flexible
elastomeric expansion joint
‫اﺗﺼﺎل اﻧﺒﺴﺎﻃﻲ اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ داﻳﻤﻲ‬
Steel and concrete
substrate
‫زﻳﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﻓﻮﻻد و ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫از ﺟﻨﺲ اﻻﺳﺘﻮﻣﺮ‬
Fig. 14
14 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ دوﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻏﺸﺎء ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﻌﻄـﺎف و ﻳـﻚ ﻻﻳـﻪ‬
‫ ﻏـﺸﺎء ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ اﻧﻌﻄـﺎف ﻣﻘـﺎوم ﺑـﻪ‬.‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ زﻳﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻد و ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎر‬
‫ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪه ﻣﻲ‬.‫ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬
‫ و دﻣـﺎي‬PH ‫ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﮔﺴﺘﺮده اي از‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Schematic of a chemical-resistant dual-lining
system that provides double protection to the
substrate in the form of a flexible membrane and
a rigid surface layer. The flexible corrosionresistant membrane is applied in direct contact
with steel or concrete substrates. It is then
covered by the monolithic ceramic lining, which
provides protection over a broad PH range as
well as against high temperatures.
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬2-13
13.2 Ceramic Lining Thickness
13.2.1 The thickness of ceramic linings are
depended on types of material and methods of
lining.
‫ ﺿــﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ ﻫــﺎي ﺳــﺮاﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑــﻪ ﻧــﻮع ﻣــﺎده و‬1-2-13
13.2.2 Silicate linings are applied by spray,
brushing and dipping at the usual thickness of
0.02 - 0.12 mm, and with reinforcement up to 25
mm thickness.
‫ ﺑـﺮس و‬،‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺳـﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت ﺑـﻪ وﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﺎﺷـﺶ‬2-2-13
13.2.3 Oxides linings are applied at the usual
thickness of 0.04 to 6 mm, and with
reinforcement up to 25 mm thickness.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ اﻛـﺴﻴﺪي در ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮل‬3-2-13
13.2.4 Carbides linings are applied at the usual
thickness of 0.04 to 0.3 mm.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﺎرﺑﻴـﺪي در ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮل‬4-2-13
.‫روﺷﻬﺎي اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ و‬0/12 ‫ ﺗـﺎ‬0/02 ‫ﻏﻮﻃﻪوري ﻛﺮدن در ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ‬25 ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎر‬25 ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺗﺎ‬6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬0/04
.‫ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ‬0/3 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬0/04
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IPS-E-TP-350(1)
13.2.5 Silicides linings are applied in thicknesses
of 0.0.1 to 0.1 mm.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﺪي در ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل‬5-2-13
13.2.6 Phosphate-bonded linings are applied
with reinforcement up to 50 mm thickness.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳـﺎزي‬6-2-13
13.2.7 Cermets linings are applied in thicknesses
of 0.02 to 0.7 mm.
‫ ﺗـﺎ‬0/02 ‫ در ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬،‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳـﺮﻣﺘﻲ‬7-2-13
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ‬0/1 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬0/01
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ‬50 ‫ﺗﺎ‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ‬0/7
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬3-13
13.3 Application of Ceramic Lining
Application of ceramic lining shall be in
accordance with IPS-C-TP-352.
IPS-C-TP-352 ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳـﺮاﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻃﺒـﻖ‬
14. CHEMICAL-RESISTANT BRICK AND
TILE LINING
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻛﺎﺷﻲ و آﺟﺮي ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد‬-14
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
14.1 General
‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬-1-14
14.1.1 A chemical-resistant brick lining is used
for the internal protection of steel and concrete
types of process vessels, columns, tanks,
trenches, etc.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮي ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ‬1-1-14
،‫ ﻣﺨـﺎزن‬،‫ ﺑـﺮج ﻫـﺎ‬، ‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﻇﺮوف ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ اﻧﻮاع ﻓﻮﻻدي و ﺑﺘﻨـﻲ‬
.‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻫﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻳـﻚ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺳـﺨﺖ و‬
:‫ و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
It is a multilayer system supported by a shell to
provide rigidity and strength and, generally,
consists of:
1) An impervious membrane to prevent the
corrosive medium reaching the shell; and,
‫( ﻏﺸﺎء ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻧﻔـﻮذ ﺑـﺮاي ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮي از رﺳـﻴﺪن ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ‬1
2) one or more layers of chemical-resistant
brick and tile, laid in a chemical-resistant
cement;
‫( ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﺷﻲ و آﺟﺮي ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬2
،‫ﺧﻮردﻧﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ؛ و‬
.‫در ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮار دارد‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬15 ‫ و ﺷﻜﻞ‬2-14 ‫( ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬3
3) see Clause 14-2 and Fig. 15.
‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ درﺑـﺎره ﻇـﺮوف ﺿـﺪ اﺳـﻴﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﻏـﺸﺎء و‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬NACE 6K 157 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ‬
For more information about acid proof vessel
with membrane and brick lining see NACE
publication 6 K 157.
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ آﺟﺮ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻜﻠﻲ ﻧـﺼﺐ‬2-1-14
14.1.2 Brick-lined equipment should be installed
such that a complete inspection of the outer
surface is always possible. Flat bottom steel
vessels shall therefore be supported on beams so
that an inspection of the bottom can be made.
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧـﺎرﺟﻲ ﻫﻤﻴـﺸﻪ اﻣﻜـﺎن ﭘـﺬﻳﺮ‬
‫ ﻇﺮوف ﻓﻮﻻدي ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ روي ﺗﻴـﺮ آﻫـﻦﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻜﻠﻲ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ از ﻛﻒ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮر‬3-1-14
14.1.3 Chemical-resistant lining shall be
regularly inspected for defects. The main defects
are spalling of the bricks or tiles, erosion effects,
cracks in the lining and degradation of chemicalresistant lining materials.
‫ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﻫﺎ‬.‫ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻴﻮب ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺗـﺮك ﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ در ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ و‬،‫ اﺛﺮات ﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬،‫ﻳﺎ آﺟﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﻋﻴـﻮب‬،‫ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻮاد ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
.‫اﺻﻠﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
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‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
‫‪Existing steel shell‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻓﻮﻻدي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻓﻮﻻدي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬
‫ﻏﺸﺎء‬
‫ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﺸﺘﺒﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
‫آﺟﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ اﺳﻴﺪ )‪(2‬‬
‫ﻇﺮف آﺟﺮي ‪ 50‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 100‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫‪Fig. 15- CHEMICAL - RESISTANCE BRICK AND TILE LINING‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -15‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻛﺎﺷﻲ و آﺟﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫‪ 4-1-14‬ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از آﺳـﻴﺐ‬
‫‪14.1.4 When a defect is detected, repairs shall be‬‬
‫‪carried immediately in order to prevent serious‬‬
‫‪attack to the concrete or steel substrate.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ زﻳﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮات اﻧﺠـﺎم‬
‫ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ 5-1-14‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ آﺟﺮي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑـﺎ دﻗـﺖ اﺟـﺮا ﺷـﺪه و در‬
‫‪14.1.5 The brick lining shall be carefully treated‬‬
‫‪and protected against damage by traffic loads,‬‬
‫‪impact and impermissible local chemical and‬‬
‫‪thermal attack (steam, leaking flanges, etc.).‬‬
‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ آﺳﻴﺐ ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺎر ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ و اﺛـﺮات ﺣﺮارﺗـﻲ و‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺎز )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺨﺎر‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫـﺎ و ﻏﻴـﺮه(‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2-14‬ﻧﻮع ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ آﺟﺮي‬
‫‪14.2 Type of Brick Lining‬‬
‫‪ 1-2-14‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮي ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ از ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ‬
‫‪14.2.1 Chemical-resistant brick lining is a‬‬
‫‪multilayer system consist of following layers:‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه و ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮار زﻳﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ ﻏﺸﺎء ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ )‪(2-2-14‬‬‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ )‪(3-2-14‬‬‫‪ -‬ﻻﻳﻪ آﺟﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺷﻲ )‪(4-2-14‬‬
‫)‪- Layer of brick or tile (14.2.4‬‬
‫‪ 2-2-14‬ﻏﺸﺎء ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬
‫‪14.2.2 Impervious Membrane‬‬
‫)‪- Impervious membrane (14.2.2‬‬
‫)‪- Chemical-resistant cement (14.2.3‬‬
‫‪ 1-2-2-14‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد ﻛـﻪ از ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬
‫‪14.2.2.1 It is almost always desirable to use a‬‬
‫‪continuous and impervious membrane lining‬‬
‫‪between the vessel shell and the chemical‬‬‫‪resistant brick. This will protect the vessel shell‬‬
‫‪from chemical attack by the solution which‬‬
‫‪permeates the brick lining through pores or‬‬
‫‪cracks. Materials which employed for this‬‬
‫‪purpose are sheet elastomers and plastics and‬‬
‫‪also coatings that vary in thickness and chemical‬‬
‫‪resistance properties (see Table 17).‬‬
‫ﻏﺸﺎء ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ و ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ در ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻇﺮف و آﺟﺮ ﻣﻘـﺎوم ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ از ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻇـﺮف در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺤﻠﻮل و از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ روزﻧﻪ ﻫـﺎ و‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮي ﻧﻔـﻮذ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ ﺧﻮاﻫـﺪ ﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮادي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ورق ﻫـﺎي‬
‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ و اﻻﺳﺘﻮﻣﺮي و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ و‬
‫ﺧﻮاص ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﺟـﺪول‬
‫‪ 17‬ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد(‬
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‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽــﻪ آﺟﺮﻛــﺎري ﺑــﻪ اﻧــﺪازه ﻛــﺎﻓﻲ ﺿــﺨﻴﻢ و‬2-2-2-14
14.2.2.2 It is desirable to provide brickwork
sufficiently thick to hold membrane temperatures
to about 65°C maximum.
‫ اﻳـﺪه‬،‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻧﮕـﻪ دارد‬65 ‫دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﻏﺸﺎء را در ﺣﺪود‬
.‫آل ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
‫ در ﺻــﻮرت ﻣﻮﺟــﻮد ﻧﺒــﻮدن ﻏــﺸﺎء ﻧﻔــﻮذ ﻧﺎﭘــﺬﻳﺮ‬3-2-2-14
14.2.2.3 When there is no suitable impervious
membrane available, even for moderate
corrosion and temperature conditions behind the
brick lining, a brick lining shall only be selected
when there is convincing evidence that a crackfree lining can be applied and maintained e.g. by
pre-stressing the brick lining (see Note).
‫ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧـﻮردﮔﻲ و دﻣـﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﭘـﺸﺖ‬،‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻧـﻮﻋﻲ از ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ آﺟـﺮي را‬، ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ آﺟـﺮي‬
‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻤﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻋﺎري از ﺗﺮك ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺘﻮان آﻧـﺮا ﺑـﺮاي ﻣﺜـﺎل ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ )ﺑـﻪ ﻳـﺎدآوري‬.‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﺟﺮي اﻋﻤﺎل و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻧﻤﻮد‬
(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
The heating and pressing of brick lined
equipment before the cement is fully cured,
known as pre-stressing. In this case joint cement
will cure in the expanded condition and will not
contract on cooling down.
‫ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن و ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻗﺮار دادن ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ آﺟﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ اﺗﺼﺎل ﺳﻴﻤﺎن در ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ اﻧﺒـﺴﺎط ﺳـﺨﺖ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ و در اﺛﺮ ﺳﺮد ﺷﺪن ﻣﻨﻘﺒﺾ ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
14.2.2.4 For compatibility of some membranes
with substrate material see Table 16.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از ﻏﺸﺎء ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد زﻳﺮآﻳﻨـﺪ‬4-2-2-14
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬16 ‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬
TABLE 16 - COMPATIBILITY OF MEMBRANE WITH SUBSTRATE MATERIAL
‫ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻏﺸﺎء ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد زﻳﺮآﻳﻨﺪ‬-16 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
MEMBRANE
‫ﻏﺸـــــﺎء‬
SURFACE
TO
BE LINED
‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
Hard &
Soft
Rubber
‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﺮم‬
PolyIsobutylene
Reinforced
Epoxy
PolyUrethane
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﻳﺰو‬
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن‬
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
Steel
Asphaltic
Bitumen
‫ﻗﻴﺮ آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺮب) ورق و‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪه‬
‫و ﺳﺨﺖ‬
Concrete
Lead
(Sheet and
Melted)
(‫ذوب ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
---
×
×
×
‫ﻓﻮﻻد‬
×
×
×
---
×
×
---
× = Can be used,
‫× = ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﺳﺖ‬
… = Shall not be used
‫… = ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
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TABLE 17- MEMBERANES FOR USE WITH BRICK LININGS
‫ ﻏﺸﺎء ﻫﺎي ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ در ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎ آﺟﺮ‬-17 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
CORRODENT
SOFT
NATRUAL
RUBBER
‫ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه‬
NEOPRENE
‫ﻧﻴﻮﭘﺮن‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﺮم‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
PLACTICIZE
POLYVINYLCHLORIDE
ASPHATIC
LEAD
‫آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺮب‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺮم ﺷﺪه‬
24°C
65°C
24°C
65°C
24°C
65°C
24°C
65°C
24°C
65°C
‫اﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
F
P
F
P
F
P
P
P
P
P
‫اﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﮔﻼﺳﻴﺎل‬
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
F
P
E
E
G
F
E
E
E
E
G
F
‫ﺑﻨﺰوﻳﻴﻚ اﺷﺒﺎع‬
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
P
P
‫ﺑﻮرﻳﻚ اﺷﺒﺎع‬
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻴﺮﻳﻚ‬
F
P
F
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
‫ﻛﻠﺮواﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
P
P
F
P
F
P
P
P
P
P
CHROMIC 5%
‫ﻛﺮوﻣﻴﻚ‬
P
P
P
P
G
F
G
F
E
E
CHROMIC 10%
‫ﻛﺮوﻣﻴﻚ‬
P
P
P
P
E
F
G
F
E
E
CITRIC 10%
‫ﺳﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
P
P
F
P
G
F
P
P
G
G
‫ﻓﻠﻮﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻚ‬
E
E
G
G
E
E
P
P
‫ﻓﺮﻣﻴﻚ‬
G
F
G
F
F
P
F
P
F
P
HYDROBROMIC 48%
‫ﻫﻴﺪروﺑﺮوﻣﻴﻚ‬
G
F
F
P
E
F
E
G
P
P
HYDROCHLORIC 37%
‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﻠﺮﻳﻚ‬
E
G
F
P
E
F
E
E
P
HYDROCYANIC 25%
‫ﻫﻴﺪروﺳﻴﺎﻧﻴﻚ‬
G
G
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
F
HYDROFLURIC 40%
‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻓﻠﻮرﻳﻚ‬
G
F
G
F
E
P
F
F
F
P
‫ﻫﻴﭙﻮﻛﻠﺮوس‬
E
G
P
P
E
P
P
P
P
P
LACTIC 25%
‫ﻻﻛﺘﻴﻚ‬
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
P
P
MALEIC 25%
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻴﻴﻚ‬
G
G
G
F
G
F
G
F
P
P
NITRIC 5%
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
P
P
F
P
E
E
G
G
P
P
NITRIC 10%
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
P
P
F
P
E
E
G
G
P
P
NITRIC 20%
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
P
P
F
P
E
F
G
F
P
P
OLEIC 100%
‫اوﻟﻴﻴﻚ‬
F
P
F
P
E
F
F
P
P
P
ACIDS:
:‫اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
ACETIC. 10%
ACETIC GLACIAL
BENZOIC SULFONIC 10%
‫ﺑﻨﺰوﻳﻴﻚ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮﻧﻴﻚ‬
BENZOIC SAT,D
BORIC SAT,D
BUTYRIC 100%
CHLOROACETIC 10%
FATTY ACIDS: (6 and Up)100%
(‫ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ‬6) ‫اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب‬
FLUOSILICIC 40%
FORMIC 90%
HYPOCHLOROUS 10%
(to be continued)
(‫)اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
95
P
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 17- (continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-17 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
CORRODENT
SOFT
NATRUAL
RUBBER
‫ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه‬
NEOPRENE
‫ﻧﻴﻮﭘﺮن‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﺮم‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
PLACTICIZE
POLYVINYLCHLORIDE
ASPHATIC
LEAD
‫آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺮب‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺮم ﺷﺪه‬
OXALIC 20%
‫اوﮔﺰاﻟﻴﻚ‬
24°C
G
65°C
G
24°C
G
65°C
G
24°C
E
65°C
F
24°C
E
65°C
E
24°C
P
65°C
P
PERCHLORIC 40%
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻠﺮﻳﻚ‬
G
F
G
F
E
P
PHOSPHORIC 85%
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻳﻚ‬
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
PICRIC 10%
‫ﭘﻴﻜﺮﻳﻚ‬
F
P
F
P
P
P
P
P
G
G
STEARIC 100%
‫اﺳﺘﻴﺎرﻳﻚ‬
F
P
F
F
E
F
F
P
G
F
SULFURIC 50%
‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﻚ‬
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﻚ‬
F
P
P
F
P
E
P
F
P
E
E
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
G
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
G
G
G
G
E
F
G
F
G
F
E
E
G
G
E
F
G
F
G
F
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
F
G
F
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
F
G
F
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
F
P
‫ﻗﻠﻊ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
E
E
G
F
E
E
E
ٍE
F
E
ZINC CHLORIDE, NITRATE,
SULFATE 10% ‫ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬،‫ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬،‫روي ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
F
SULFURIC 70%
SULFURIC 87%
‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﻚ‬
OLEUM 110% (SULFURIC)
(‫اوﻟﻴﻮم )ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﻚ‬
ALKALIES:
‫ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻫﺎ‬
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE 28%
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮم ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE SAT.D
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﺷﺒﺎع‬
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE 25%
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
SODIUM HYDROXIDE 25%
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
ACID SALTS:
‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎي اﺳﻴﺪي‬
ALUM 10%
%10 ‫زاج ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‬
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, NITRATE,SULFATE
‫ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬،‫ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬،‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮم ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
COPPER CHLORIDE, NITRAE,
SULFATE
‫ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬،‫ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬،‫ﻣﺲ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
FERRIC CHLORIDE, NITRATE,
SULFATE10%
‫ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬،‫ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬،‫ﻓﺮﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
NICKEL CHLORIDE SULFATE 10%
‫ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
STANNIC CHLORIDE 100%
(to be continued)
(‫)اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
96
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
[
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 17- (continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-17 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
CORRODENT
SOFT
NATRUAL
RUBBER
‫ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه‬
NEOPRENE
‫ﻧﻴﻮﭘﺮن‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﺮم‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
PLACTICIZE
POLYVINYLCHLORIDE
ASPHATIC
LEAD
‫آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺮب‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺮم ﺷﺪه‬
24°C
65°C
24°C
65°C
24°C
65°C
24°C
65°C
24°C
65°C
E
E
E
E
E
E
F
P
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
SOUDIUM CARBONAT10%‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت‬
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
F
E
E
SUDIUM SULFIDE
E
E
E
E
E
E
F
P
G
G
E
E
E
E
E
E
P
P
P
P
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
F
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
F
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
F
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
F
ALKALINE SALTS:
:‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
BARIUM SULFIDE
‫ﺑﺎرﻳﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬
SOUDIUM BICARBONAT 10%
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻲ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت‬
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬
TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE 10%
‫ﺗﺮي ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬
NEUTRAL SALTS: :‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﺜﻲ‬
CALCIUM CHLORIDE, NITRATE 10%
% 10 ‫ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬، ‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
MAGNESOUM CHLORIDE, NITRATE,
SULFATE 10%
%10‫ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬،‫ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬، ‫ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
POTASIUM CHLORIDE, NITRATE,
SULFAT 10%
%10 ‫ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬،‫ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬، ‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
SODIUM CHLORIDE, NITRATE,
SULFATE 10%
%10‫ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬،‫ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬، ‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
GASES:
:‫ﮔﺎزﻫﺎ‬
CHLORINE DRY
‫ﻛﻠﺮﺧﺸﻚ‬
G
F
P
P
E
F
E
E
E
E
CHLORINE WET
‫ﻛﻠﺮ ﺗﺮ‬
P
P
P
P
E
F
E
F
G
G
G
F
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
G
F
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
G
E
E
E
E
E
G
E
E
E
G
G
F
G
F
P
P
P
P
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
F
E
E
E
E
HYDROGEN SULFIDE
‫ﻫﻴﺪروژن ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬
SULFUR DIOXIDE DRY
‫ﮔﻮﮔﺮد دي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
SULFUR DIOXIDE WET
‫ﮔﻮﮔﺮد دي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺗﺮ‬
ORGANIC MATERIALS:
ACETONE 100%
:‫ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻮن‬
ALCOHOL, METHYL, ETHYLE 96%
% 96 ‫ اﺗﻴﻞ‬،‫ ﻣﺘﻴﻞ‬،‫اﻟﻜﻞ‬
ANILINE
‫آﻧﻴﻠﻴﻦ‬
F
P
F
P
P
P
P
P
E
E
BENSENE
‫ﺑﻨﺰن‬
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
E
E
(to be continued)
(‫)اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
97
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 17- (continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-17 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
CORRODENT
SOFT
NATRUAL
RUBBER
‫ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه‬
NEOPRENE
‫ﻧﻴﻮﭘﺮن‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﺮم‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
LEAD
‫آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺮب‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺮم ﺷﺪه‬
65°C
24°C
65°C
24°C
65°C
24°C
65°C
24°C
65°C
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
G
G
‫ﻛﻠﺮو ﻓﺮم‬
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
G
G
‫اﺗﻴﻞ اﺳﺘﺎت‬
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
E
E
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
E
E
P
P
G
P
G
E
F
F
P
P
P
P
P
P
E
G
‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺗﺘﺮاﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
CHLOROFORM
ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ دي ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
FORMALDEHYDE 37%
ASPHATIC
24°C
CARBON TETRACHOLORIDE
ETHYL ACETATE
PLACTICIZE
POLYVINYLCHLORIDE
‫ﻓﺮم آﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ‬
PHENOL 5%
‫ﻓﻨﻞ‬
TRICHLORO ETHYLIENE
‫ﺗﺮي ﻛﻠﺮو اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
G
G
P
P
P
P
E
E
P
P
F
P
P
P
P
P
E
E
P
P
F
P
P
P
P
P
E
E
P
P
P
P
P
P
F
P
E
P
F
F
P
P
P
P
P
P
E
P
P
P
P
p
BLEACH SOLUTIONS: ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻴﭻ‬
CHLORIDE DIOXIDE ACID
SOLUTIONS
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ دي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
CHLORIDE DIOXIDE NEUTRAL
SOLUTIONS
‫ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ دي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﺜﻲ‬
CHLORIDE DIOXIDE ALKALINE TO
PH 11
PH 11 ‫ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ دي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺎ‬
SODIUM HYPOCHLORIC ACID
NEUTRAL OR ALKALINE TO PH 11
(5% sol)
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﭙﻮﻛﻠﺮﻳﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻳﺎ‬
(‫ درﺻﺪ‬5 ‫ )ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬PH11 ‫ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
SODIUM HYPOCHLORIC ABOVE
PH11 (5% sol)
(‫ درﺻﺪ‬5 ‫ )ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬PH11 ‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﭙﻮﻛﻠﺮﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﻻي‬
‫ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ و اﺧﺘﺼﺎرات ﭘﺸﺖ‬،‫ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ در دودﻣﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻏﺸﺎء‬
‫آﺟﺮ‬
Resistance to corrosives at two temperature levels at surface of
membrane behind brick legend:
E
Excellent
G
Good Occasionally Used
F
Pair, For Limited Service Only
P
Poor, Not Recommended
98
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬
E
‫ﻣﺼﺮف آن در ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﺧﻮب اﺳﺖ‬
G
‫ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﻣﺤﺪود‬،‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
F
.‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬،‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‬
P
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬3-2-14
14.2.3 Chemical-resistant cement layer
‫ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت‬1-3-2-14
14.2.3.1 Description
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎنﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺳـﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت ﻳـﺎ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن ﻫـﺎي ﺑـﺎ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ رزﻳـﻦ‬
17 ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻛﺮدن آﺟﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬.(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ دﻗﺖ در اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬،‫آﺟﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺪاول ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬18 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ )ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬
‫در ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫـﻢ‬
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻚ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬.‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺖ‬
‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﺮدن آﺟﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣـﻮاد ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣـﻲ‬.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـﻪ‬19 ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻏﺸﺎء ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ )ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﺪول‬
(‫ﺷﻮد‬
Silicate-based cements or synthetic resin-based
cements are used to cement the bricks (see Table
17). The chemical resistance of these cement is
not as universal as that of the bricks, so that
careful selection with respect to chemical
resistance is required (see Table 18).
Sometimes it will also be necessary to consider
the erosion resistance of the cement. Hydraulic
cements shall not be used for chemical-resistant
brick lining for process equipment. Some
chemical-resistant cements can also be used as
membrane (see Table 19).
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت‬2-3-2-14
14.2.3.2 Silicate-based cements
‫ آﻧﻬﺎ‬.‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي دو ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت ﻣﺨﻠـﻮط ﺷـﺪه ﺑـﺎ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺳـﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺗﻪ‬.‫ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﻮدر ﻛﻮارﺗﺰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺨـﺎر و‬،‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ زﻳﺎدي در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺧـﺼﻮﺻﺎً در آب ﮔـﺮم‬
‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ واﻣﻜﺎن ﺷﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن ﺳﻴﻤﺎن از اﺗـﺼﺎﻻت‬
‫ ﻟﺬا ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ رزﻳﻨﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻳـﻦ‬.‫وﺟﻮد دارد‬
.‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺗﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻏﺸﺎء ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﺑﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷــﻮد( و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑـــﻪ ﻏـــﺸﺎء ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬19 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪ‬
Silicate-based cement are two component
systems. They consist of a sodium or potassium
silicate solution mixed with inert fillers e.g.
quartz flour.Silicate-based cements do not have
much resistance to erosion especially in hot
water, steam, and alkali service where washing
out of the cement from the joints may occur. The
use of resin-based cements for these condition
has to be considered.
Silicate-based cements shall not be used as a
membrane (see Table 19) and also they do not
adhere to rubber membrane.
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻓﻨﻞ ﻓﻮرﻓﻮراﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ‬3-3-2-14
14.2.3.3 Phenol-furfuraldehyde cement
‫اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ از رزﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﻞ– ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ و ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎت ﻓﻮران ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن ﻫـﺎ از دو ﺑﺨـﺶ‬.‫ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺧﻨﺜـﻲ ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻏﻠﻴﻆ )ﻣﺤﻠﻮل رزﻳﻦ( و ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮدر ﺧﻨﺜﻲ‬،‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬،(‫)ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﻘﺪاري از ﻋﺎﻣﻞ واﻛﻨﺶ دﻫﻨﺪه‬
.‫از ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪرو ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎرﻳﺖ ﻫــﺎ از ﮔﺮاﻓﻴﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻜﺎر رود ﻋﺎري از ﺳـﻮراخ ﻫـﺎي‬.‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫رﻳﺰ و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻏﺸﺎء ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮدن ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً روي‬
‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﻳﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﻳـﻚ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
These cements consist of phenol-formaldehyde
resin and furane derivates with an inert filler.
The cements are supplied as two components, a
syrup (the resin solution) and an inert powder
(containing also a part of the reactive agent),
which shall be mixed thoroughly and
immediately before use.
In cases where resistance to hydrofluoric acid is
required, graphite is used as a filler instead of
sand or barytes. They are erosion-resistance and
free of pores when properly applied.
When it is used as a membrane, before applying
the cement directly on to steel or concrete the
surface must be coated by a suitable primer.
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮران‬4-3-2-14
14.2.3.4 Furane cements
‫ ﻳﻜـﻲ ﭘـﻮدر و‬،‫اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ از دو ﺟﺰء ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷـﺪه اﻧـﺪ‬
‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽـﻪ درﺳـﺖ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮط ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮﻳﻦ‬.‫دﻳﮕﺮي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻏﻠﻴﻆ‬
They are supplied as two components, a powder
and a syrup, which gives a cement of excellent
99
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
adhesive qualities when mixed correctly. The
syrup cures to hard solid resin with the addition
of suitable catalysts.
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎي‬.‫ﭼﺴﺒﻴﻨﺪﮔﻲ را ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ رزﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ و ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣـﻲ‬،‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮه اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻓﻮران ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﻣـﻮاد ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ دارد )ﺑـﻪ‬
،‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﮔﺮاﻓﻴﺖ ﺑـﻪ آن اﺿـﺎﻓﻪ ﮔـﺮدد‬.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬18 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽـﻪ‬.‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪروﻓﻠﻮرﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ آﻳـﺪ‬
‫ ﻋـﺎري از‬،‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫــــﺎي ﻓﻮران ﺑــﻪ ﻃـﻮر ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻤـﻞ آﻳـﺪ‬
.‫ﺳﻮراخ ﻫﺎي رﻳﺰ و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
Furane-cement have a good chemical resistance
(see Table 18). If a filler such as graphite is
added, resistance to hydrofluoric acid is
obtained.Furane-cements are erosion resistant
and free of pores, when properly applied.
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮي‬5-3-2-14
14.2.3.5 Polyester cements
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ رزﻳﻦ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ)ﻏﻴﺮاﺷـﺒﺎع( از دو ﺑﺨـﺶ ﻳـﺎ‬
،‫ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴـﺴﺖ‬،‫ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﻫـﺎي )رزﻳـﻦ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬.‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﭘــﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﻏﻴـــﺮه( ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﻗﺒـﻞ از ﻣـﺼﺮف‬،‫ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﺜـﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﮔﺮاﻓﻴـﺖ‬.‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن راﺣﺘﻲ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪروﻓﻠﻮرﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ داده‬
‫و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ آن را در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ )ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﺪول‬
.‫ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ دارﻧﺪ‬،(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬18
Cements based on (unsaturated) polyester resin
are supplied in two or more components. The
components (liquid resin, catalyst, accelerator,
filler, etc.) are mixed immediately before use.
The addition of inert fillers, such as graphite, to
the cement extends its resistance even to
hydrofluoric acid and its resistance to alkalis
becomes greater (see Table 18). They posses
good erosion resistance.
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬6-3-2-14
14.2.3.6 Epoxy-cements
Cements based on epoxy resin are supplied in
two or more components (liquid resin, cold
curing agent, filler or fiberglass reinforcement,
etc.). Curing starts immediately after mixing.
Epoxy cements have the very good adhesion to
metallic and concrete substrate. In metallic
process equipment they can be used as a
membrane, if necessary, with glassfiber
reinforcement. When applied on a concrete
substrate, no prior treatment, other than proper
surface
cleaning
is
necessary
(see
IPS-C-TP-101). If a filler such as graphite is
added, resistance of hydrofluoric acid is
obtained. Epoxy-cements with glass-fiber
reinforcement can be used for marine steel
structures
specially
for
splash
zone
(see IPS-E-TP-270)
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﭘﺎﻳﻪ رزﻳﻦ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ از دو ﺑﺨﺶ ﻳـﺎ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ )رزﻳـﻦ‬
‫ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﻟﻴـﺎف ﺷﻴـﺸﻪ و‬،‫ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺳﺮد‬،‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﺮدن ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺑـﺴﺘﻦ‬.‫ﻏﻴﺮه( ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬.‫ﺷﺮوع ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ در ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻠﺰي از آﻧﻬـﺎ‬.‫زﻳﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﺰي و ﺑﺘﻨﻲ دارﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻏﺸﺎء و در ﺻﻮرت ﻟﺰوم ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻳـﺖ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪه اﻟﻴـﺎف ﺷﻴـﺸﻪ‬
‫ در ﺻﻮرت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑـﺪون‬.‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﻫﺮﻧﻮع ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺻﺤﻴﺢ آﻣﺎده ﺳـﺎزي ﺳـﻄﺢ‬
‫ اﻓـﺰاﻳﺶ ﮔﺮاﻓﻴـﺖ‬.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-C-TP-101 ‫ﻻزم اﺳﺖ )ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﺳﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪروﻓﻠﻮرﻳﻚ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫــﺎي اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻳـﺖ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪه اﻟﻴـﺎف ﺷﻴـﺸﻪ اي‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎً ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﭘﺎﺷـﺶ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬
14.2.3.7
Phenolic
cements
formaldehyde cements)
–‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻠﻲ )ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن ﻫـﺎي ﻓﻨـﻞ‬7-3-2-14
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-E-TP-270 ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ )ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
(phenol-
(‫ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ‬
Phenolic cements is prepared by combining the
liquid phenolic formaldehyde resin suitably
modified with an acid containing filler like
carbon or silica.
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ وﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ رزﻳـﻦ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﺪﻫﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﻴﺪي ﺣﺎوي ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺑـــﺎ ﺳـﻴﻠﻴﺲ‬
.‫ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬،‫اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷﺪن ﺣﺪود دو ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮدر ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨـﺪه‬
The mixing ratio is about two to one powder-toliquid for the carbon filled and 2½ to one for the
silica-filled cements.
.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻴﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬2 1 ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ و‬
2
‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه‬18 ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻓﻨﻠﻴﻚ در ﺟﺪول‬
.‫اﺳﺖ‬
The chemical resistance of phenolic cement is
shown in Table 18.
100
‫)‪IPS-E-TP-350(1‬‬
‫دي ‪Jan. 2010/ 1388‬‬
‫‪ 8-3-2-14‬ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﮔﺮدي‬
‫‪14.2.3.8 Sulfur cements‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺧﻤﻴﺮي ﮔﻮﮔﺮد ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻋﻤـﺪه از ﻣﺨﻠـﻮط ﮔـﻮﮔﺮد و‬
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺧﻨﺜـﻲ ﻫﻤـﺮاه ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻘـﺪار ﺟﺰﻳـﻲ ﻧـﺮم ﻛﻨﻨـﺪه ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪهاﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﮔﺮد ﺑــﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺬاب ﮔﺮم ﺑــﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﮔﺮدي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي رزﻳﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬در ﺿﻤﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Plasticized sulfur cements essentially are‬‬
‫‪mixture of sulfur and inert fillers with minor‬‬
‫‪amount of plastisizer. Sulfur cements are applied‬‬
‫‪as hot melt materials. The major advantages of‬‬
‫‪sulfur cements over the resin cements are lower‬‬
‫‪cost.They can be used with silica or carbon‬‬
‫‪fillers.‬‬
‫‪101‬‬
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 18 - RESISTANCE OF RESIN-CEMENTS IN CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي رزﻳﻨﻲ درﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬-18 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
RESISTANCE OF RESINS – CEMENT
CORROSION
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن رزﻳﻨﻲ‬
MEDIA
Furan
Phenolic
Polyester
Epoxy
Sulfur
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻮران‬
‫ﻓﻨﻠﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬
Silicate
Cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺗﻲ‬
Acids:
:‫اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
Acetic, dilute
Acetic, glacial
‫اﺳﺘﻴﻚ رﻗﻴﻖ‬
R
R
LR
R
R
R
‫اﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﮔﻼﺳﻴﺎل‬
R
LR
NR
NR
LR
R
Chromic
‫ﻛﺮوﻣﻴﻚ‬
NR
LR
LR
NR
R
R
Citric
‫ﺳﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
R
R
--
R
R
R
R
R
R
LR
R
R
R
R
R
LR
R
(With carbon
filled)
R
NR
NR
R
Fatty acids
‫اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب‬
Hydrochloric
R
‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﻠﺮرﻳﻚ‬
R
R
‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻓﻠﻮرﻳﻚ‬
R
(With carbon
filled)
R
(With carbon
filled)
‫ﺑﺎﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬
(With carbon
filled)
(With carbon
filled)
‫ﺑﺎﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
LR
LR
--
NR
--
R
‫ درﺻﺪ‬2 ‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
NR
--
LR
NR
R
R
Nitric, over 2%
‫ درﺻﺪ‬2‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬،‫ﻳﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
NR
--
NR
--
--
R
Nitric, over 5%
‫درﺻﺪ‬5‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬،‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
--
--
--
--
LR
R
Nitric, under5%
‫ درﺻﺪ‬5‫ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬،‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
--
NR
--
--
R
R
--
LR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
LR
LR
NR
NR
NR
--
--
NR
NR
NR
Hydrofluoric
Hypochlorous
‫ﻫﻴﭙﻮﻛﻠﺮوس‬
Nitric
Nitric, 2%
Phosphoric
Sulfuric, 50%
Sulfuric, 80%
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻳﻚ‬
(‫ درﺻﺪ‬50) ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﻚ‬
(‫ درﺻﺪ‬80) ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﻚ‬
Sulfuric, concentrated
Alkalis:
‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﻚ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ‬
‫ﺑﺎﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬
R
(With carbon
filled)
‫ﺑﺎﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬
NR
:‫ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻫﺎ‬
Ammonium hydroxide ‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
(to be continued)
R
(‫)اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
102
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 18 - (continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬18 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
RESISTANCE OF RESINS – CEMENT
CORROSION
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن رزﻳﻨﻲ‬
MEDIA
Furan
Phenolic
Polyester
Epoxy
Sulfur
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻮران‬
‫ﻓﻨﻠﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬
Silicate
Cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺗﻪ‬
Calcium hydroxide
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Sodium hydroxide, 1%
R
NR
NR
‫درﺻﺪ‬10 ‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Sodium hydroxide, 25%
‫ درﺻﺪ‬25 ‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Gases:
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‬
‫دارد‬
R
(carbon filled
PREFERRED)
NR
NR
NR
NR
R
LR
NR
LR*
NR
NR
R"
NR
NR
LR*
NR
NR
R"
NR
NR
‫ درﺻﺪ‬1 ‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Sodium hydroxide, 10%
R
(carbon filled
PREFERRED)
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‬
‫دارد‬
:‫ﮔﺎزﻫﺎ‬
Chlorine
‫ﻛﻠﺮ‬
NR
LR
LR
NR
NR
R
Bromine
‫ﺑﺮم‬
NR
NR
LR
NR
--
--
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
--
--
Sulfur Dioxide
‫دي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬
Hydrogen sulfide
‫ﻫﻴﺪروژن ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬
Oils:
:‫روﻏﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
Animal
‫ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﻲ‬
Vegetable
‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬
R
R
R
R
--
--
Mineral
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
R
R
R
R
--
--
--
--
R
LR
--
--
R
LR
--
--
--
--
LR
--
--
NR
--
--
Oxidizing Agents:
:‫ﻣﻮاد اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
Hydrogen peroxide
‫ﻫﻴﺪروژن ﭘﺮاﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Hydrogen peroxide, 3%
‫ درﺻﺪ‬3 ‫ﻫﻴﺪروژن ﭘﺮاﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Bleach
‫ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
(to be continued)
(‫)اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
103
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 18 (continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-18 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
RESISTANCE OF RESINS – CEMENT
CORROSION
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن رزﻳﻦ‬
MEDIA
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬
Furan
Phenolic
Polyester
Epoxy
Sulfur
‫ﻓﻮران‬
‫ﻓﻨﻠﻴﻚ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬
Silicate
Cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت‬
Acid bleach
--
LR
R
--
--
--
Alkaline BLEACH ‫ﻣﻮاد ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
--
NR
LR
--
--
--
Perchloric acid,10%
R
R
R
R
R
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
LR
LR
R
NR
NR
R
NR
NR
R
NR
NR
R
‫اﺳﻴﺪ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
%10‫ﭘﺮﻛﻠﺮﻳﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
Concentrated oxidizing ‫اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻏﻠﻴﻆ‬
agents, all types
‫ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻧﻮع‬،‫ﻣﻮاد‬
Chlorine solutions
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﺮ‬
Chlorine dioxide solutions
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﺮ دي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Salts:
:‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎ‬
Alum
‫زاج‬
R
R
R
R
R
R
‫ﻣﺲ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
R
R
R
R
LR
R
Ferric salts
‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻳﻚ‬
R
R
R
R
R
R
Magnesium sulfate
‫ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
R
R
R
R
R
R
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ‬
R
R
R
R
--
--
‫ﭘﺮﻣﻨﮕﻨﺎت‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮات ﻧﻘﺮه‬
R
R
R
R
--
--
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺖ‬
R
R
R
R
--
--
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت‬
R
LR
LR
R
LR
NR
R
R
R
R
R
R
LR
NR
LR
NR
NR
NR
Copper sulfate
Potassium
Permanganate
Silver nitrate
Sodium bisulfite
Sodium carbonate
Sodium chloride
Sodium hypochlorite
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﭙﻮﻛﻠﺮﻳﺖ‬
Sodium nitrate
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
R
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium sulfate
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
R
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium sulfite
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺖ‬
R
R
R
R
LR
NR
Solvents:
:‫ﺣﻼل ﻫﺎ‬
Alcohols
‫اﻟﻜﻞ ﻫﺎ‬
R
R
R
R
R
R
‫ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮل و ﮔﻠﻴﺴﻴﺮﻳﻦ‬
R
R
R
R
--
--
R
R
NR
LR
NR
R
Glycols and glycerin
Acetone
‫اﺳﺘﻮن‬
(to be continued)
(‫)اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
104
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 18 (continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-18 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
CORROSION
RESISTANCE OF RESINS – CEMENT
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن رزﻳﻨﻲ‬
MEDIA
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬
Furan
Phenolic
Polyester
Epoxy
Sulfur
‫ﻓﻮران‬
‫ﻓﻨﻠﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬
Silicate
Cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺗﻪ‬
Aniline
‫آﻧﻴﻠﻴﻦ‬
NR
NR
NR
LR
NR
R
Methylene chloride
‫ﻣﺘﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
NR
NR
NR
LR
--
--
Carbon tetrachloride
‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺗﺘﺮاﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
R
R
LR
LR
NR
R
Chloroform
‫ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﻓﺮم‬
R
R
LR
LR
NR
R
Ethyl acetate
‫اﺗﻴﻞ اﺳﺘﺎت‬
R
R
NR
R
NR
R
‫ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻦ‬
R
R
R
R
--
--
Gasoline
* For caustic alkali service, carbon filled mortars should be used.
In the lower range of temperatures, chemical resistance is
usually quite satisfactory but at high temperatures mortars of
different brands vary in caustic alkali resistance and simulated
field test should be made.
‫ در‬.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﻼت ﻫـﺎي ﭘﺮﺷـﺪه از ﻛـﺮﺑﻦ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﻮد‬،‫* ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
ً‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﻣـﻮاد ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻً ﻛـﺎﻣﻼ‬،‫ﻣﺤﺪوده دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ‬
‫ اﻣﺎ در دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣـﻼت ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ ﻗﻠﻴـﺎﻳﻲ‬،‫رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻮده‬
.‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﻲ دارﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎﻳﺪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‬
** Handling of perchloric acid in organic materials is hazardous.
Dangers of explosion will ordinarily be basis for rejection of
resin mortars.
ً‫ ﺧﻄـﺮات اﻧﻔﺠـﺎر ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻ‬.‫** ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد اﺳﻴﺪ ﭘﺮﻛﻠﺮﻳﻚ در ﻣﻮاد آﻟﻲ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺬف ﻣﻼتﻫﺎي رزﻳﻦ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
Code: R = Recommended; NR = Not Recommended;
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه‬:NR
LR = Limited Recommendation.
‫= ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه‬R :‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺮاردادي‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﺪود‬:LR
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TABLE 19 - PURPOSE OF CHEMICAL RESISTANT CEMENT IN BRICK LINING
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ در ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ آﺟﺮي‬-19 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
CHEMICAL RESISTANT CEMENT
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
PURPOSE
SILICATE
BASE CEMENT
PHENOLIC FURFURALDEHYDE CEMENT
FURAN
CEMENT
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻓﻨﻠﻲ ﻓﻮرﻓﻮراﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻓﻮران‬
‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬
×
×
×
‫ﻏﺸﺎء‬
---
×
---
PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE CEMENT
SULFUR
CEMENT
POLYESTER
CEMENT
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻓﻨﻞ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﮔﻮﮔﺮدي‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮي‬
×
×
×
---
×
---
‫ﻫﺪف‬
Joint
Membrane
REINFORCED
EPOXY
CEMENT
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪه‬
×
×
× = Can be used,
‫× = ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
--- = Shall not be used
‫= ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬---
‫ ﻻﻳﻪ آﺟﺮ و ﻛﺎﺷﻲ‬4-2-14
14.2.4 Brick and Tile Layer
14.2.4.1 There are several types of chemical
resistant brick and tiles, can be used for lining of
steel and concrete equipments (see Table 8.7).
‫ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﺟﺮ و ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬1-4-2-14
14.2.4.2 Most brick and tile materials have good
resistance to organic chemicals, so that the
resistance to inorganic chemicals often
determines the final selection.
‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮاد آﺟﺮ و ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ‬2-4-2-14
14.2.4.3 Porous bricks offer low resistance to
penetration of liquids and/or gases. They have
high thermal conductivity and good thermal
shock resistance. Porosity needs to be
considered, particularly in the case of
crystallizing liquids where there is a potential
danger of volume change destroying the brick.
‫ آﺟﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻣﺎﻳﻌـﺎت ﻳـﺎ‬3-4-2-14
‫وﺟﻮد دارد ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓـﻮﻻدي و‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬7-8 ‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد )ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﻣـﻮاد‬،‫ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ آﻟﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ‬
.‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ اﻏﻠﺐ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ آﻧﻬـﺎ داراي ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﻫـﺪاﻳﺖ‬.‫ﮔﺎزﻫﺎ داراي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻫـﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧـﻮب در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﺿـﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﮔﻬـﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﺮارﺗـﻲ‬
‫ ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﺼﻮص در ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ‬.‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ آﺟﺮ را ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ‬،‫ﺣﻀﻮر ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﺑﻠﻮري ﻛﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
.‫ آﺟﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﻢ در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﻧﻔـﻮذ ﻣﺎﻳﻌـﺎت ﻣﻘـﺎوم ﻫـﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬.‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮده ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﻓـﺖ ﻫـﺎي‬
‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ در آﺟﺮ رخ دﻫﺪ و ﺷﻮك دﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﻻﻳـﻪ‬
.‫ﺷﺪن ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
Dense bricks resist penetration of liquids.
Thermal conductivity is low, so high thermal
gradients can occur in the brick and temperature
shock(s) will lead to thermal spalling.
14.2.4.4 Erosion resistance of the bricks and tiles
also need to be considered at times.
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﻫﺎ و آﺟﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ اوﻗﺎت‬4-4-2-14
14.2.4.5 The bricks and tiles shall have a
roughened surface and shall not be glazed, which
will ensure good adhesion to the cement.
‫ ﺳﻄﺢ آﺟﺮﻫﺎ وﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ زﺑـﺮ و ﺑـﺪون ﻟﻌـﺎب‬5-4-2-14
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺑﻮده ﺗﺎ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺧﻮب و ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
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14.2.4.6 Arched bricks are required when the
width of the side joint at the back of the standard
brick would be greater than 1.5 times the joint
width at the front of the standard brick.
‫ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ آﺟﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﻮﺳـﻲ زﻣـﺎﻧﻲ اﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻋـﺮض‬6-4-2-14
14.2.4.7 Console bricks are sometimes used in
the inner course of bricks to support internals.
‫ در ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ازآﺟﺮﻫﺎي ﺷـﻤﻌﻲ ﺑـﺮاي ﺗﻘﻮﻳـﺖ‬7-4-2-14
14.2.4.8 Temperature drop through the brick in a
lined steel tank depends on the temperature
gradient between the atmosphere and the process
temperature and the total thickness of the brick
lining. This is subject to calculation. A rule of
thumb allowance of (3.2°C per 10 mm) 8.5°C
per 25 mm of thickness of fire clay or shale type
bricks and (2.2°C per 10 mm) 5.5°C per 25 mm
of thickness carbon brick has been found
adequate for design purposes for process
temperatures up to about 200°C. Temperature
drop through the brick in a lined concrete tank
will be somewhat less due to the insulting effect
of the concrete shell. In almost all instances total
thickness of brick used shall be sufficient to
limit temperature at the membrane lining
interface to 65°C maximum. In some services
even lower temperatures may be desirable.
،‫ اﻓﺖ دﻣﺎ در آﺟﺮ ﺑـﺮاي آﺳـﺘﺮي ﻣﺨـﺰن ﻓـﻮﻻدي‬8-4-2-14
‫ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﻋـﺮض‬1/5 ‫اﺗﺼﺎل ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ در ﭘﺸﺖ آﺟﺮ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫اﺗﺼﺎل در ﺟﻠﻮ آﺟﺮ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
.‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ در ﻻﻳﻪ داﺧﻠﻲ آﺟﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف دﻣـﺎي ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ و ﻓﺮآﻳﻨـﺪ و ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻛـﻞ‬
‫ ﻃﺒﻖ‬.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ آﺟﺮي دارد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
(‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ‬10 ‫ درﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد درﻫـﺮ‬3/2) ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﺳﺮاﻧﮕﺸﺘﻲ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ آﺟﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك‬25 ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد در ﻫﺮ‬8/5
10 ‫ درﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد در ﻫـﺮ‬2/2) ‫ﻧﺴﻮز ﻳﺎ ﻧـﻮع آﺟـﺮ رﺳـﻲ و‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ آﺟـﺮ‬25 ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد درﻫﺮ‬5/6 (‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ درﺟـﻪ‬200 ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺑﺮاي اﻫﺪاف ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪود‬
‫ اﻓﺖ دﻣﺎي ﺳﺮاﺳـﺮ آﺟـﺮ در ﻣﺨـﺰن‬.‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴـﻞ اﺛـﺮ ﻋـﺎﻳﻖ ﺑـﻮدن ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺘﻦ‬
‫ در اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﻛﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ آﺟﺮ ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬.‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
‫ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ دﻣﺎي ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫ در‬.‫ درﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻣﺤـﺪود ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‬65 ‫ﻏﺸﺎء را ﺗـﺎ ﺣـﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ اﺳـﺖ ﻣﻄﻠـﻮب‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ آﺟﺮي‬3-14
14.3 Thickness of the Brick Lining
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ آﺟﺮي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي‬1-3-14
14.3.1 The thickness of the brick lining is
determined by the number of layers of bricks, by
the dimensions of the brick and by the lay of the
brick within the layer. When the brick lining
functions as a heat barrier, the minimum
thickness is determined either by the maximum
permissible membrane temperature, (see Table
20) or by the steel wall temperature (maximum
100°C), or by the maximum temperature
gradient of the brick.
‫ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد آﺟﺮ و ﻛﺎر ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻦ آﺟﺮ در ﻫﺮ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬، ‫آﺟﺮ‬
‫ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ آﺟﺮي ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻳـﻚ ﻣـﺎﻧﻊ‬.‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣـﺎي‬،‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫( ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﻪ وﺳـﻴﻠﻪ دﻣـﺎي دﻳـﻮار‬20 ‫ﻏﺸﺎء ﻣﺠﺎز ) ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد( ﻳﺎ ﺑـﻪ وﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺣـﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬100 ‫ﻓﻮﻻدي )ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
.‫اﺧﺘﻼف دﻣﺎي آﺟﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
14.3.2 Too thin a lining may crack open and tear
away, because of high stresses due to internal
pressure and thermal gradient, even when
cements with swelling properties are used.
،‫ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻧﺎزك در اﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ‬2-3-14
14.3.3 Too thick a lining may result in spalling
and crushing of the weaker adjacent layer,
because of high thermal and tensile stresses.
‫ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫـــﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗــﻲ و ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﻳـﻚ‬3-3-14
‫ ﺣﺘﻲ زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ از ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬،‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻓﺸﺎر داﺧﻠﻲ و اﺧﺘﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
‫ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ اﺳـﺖ ﺗـﺮك‬، ‫ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮاص ﺗﻮرﻣﻲ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮد‬
.‫ﺧﻮرده و ﭘﺎره ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺷﺪن و‬
.‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﺠﺎور ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺗﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
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‫ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ دوﻻﻳـﻪ از‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ‬4-3-14
14.3.4 In general, a lining will comprise two
layers of bricks staggered, the layers overlapping both horizontally and vertically.
‫ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮر اﻓﻘـﻲ و ﻋﻤـﻮدي‬،‫آﺟﺮﻫﺎي ﺷـﻄﺮﻧﺠﻲ اﺳـﺖ‬
.‫ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ دارﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‬،‫اﻳﻦ آراﻳﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺳـﺖ‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺎ ﻳـﻚ ﻻﻳـﻪ‬90 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي اﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪرﻳﻚ‬
‫آﺟﺮﻫﺎي ﭼﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣـﺪه‬
‫ در دﻣﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺷـﺪن‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
This arrangement is suitable for severe corrosive
conditions, although for 90°C hydrochloric acid
service good results have been obtained with one
layer of bricks laid radially. At higher
temperatures this may cause spalling.
TABLE 20 - THICKNESS AND MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE WORKING OF BRICK LINING
MATERIAL
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ و دﻣﺎي ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺎده ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ آﺟﺮي‬-20 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
LAYERS
THICKNESS
OF LINING
max. TEMP.
‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
°C
‫دﻣﺎي ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫دﻳﻮار ﻇﺮف ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ‬
mm
10
100
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺳﺨﺖ‬
5
80
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻧﺮم‬
5
80
Butyl rubber
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻮﺗﻴﻞ‬
5
110
Polyisobutylene
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﻳﺰوﺑﻮﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
3
70
4
130
6
70
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺗﻲ‬
5-10
900
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ رزﻳﻦ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬
5-10
180
65
65
40
200
40
65
Carbon steel vessel wall
Hard natural rubber (80°C shore D)
Soft natural rubber (65°C shore A)
Glass-fiber reinforced epoxy
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎاﻟﻴﺎف ﺷﻴﺸﻪاي‬
Lead
‫ﺳﺮب‬
Silicate-based cement
Synthetic-resin-based cement
Acid-resistant brick (normally applied)
(‫آﺟﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ اﺳﻴﺪ )ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
Carbon brick (unimpregnated)
Porcelain tile
(‫آﺟﺮ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ )ﺑﺪون ﻟﻌﺎب‬
‫ﻛﺎﺷﻲ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬
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‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻧﺴﻮز‬-15
15. REFRACTORY LINING
‫ آﺟﺮﻫﺎي ﻧﺴﻮز و اﻧﻮاع ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬1-15
15.1 Refractory Bricks and Shapes Lining
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-1-15
15.1.1 General
‫آﺟﺮﻫــﺎي ﻧﺴﻮز ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻧﺴﻮز ﻛﻒ و ﻧـﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣـﺸﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻮره ﻫﺎ و دﻳﮓ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺎر و ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻧـﺴﻮز‬
‫ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻً ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻋﻤـﺎل ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫داﺧﻠﻲ آﺟﺮ ﻧﺴﻮز در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻧﺴﻮز اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬2-15 ‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد )ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
Application of brick refractories shall be for
refractory lining of floors and burner areas of
boilers furnaces and where refractory concrete
lining alone are unsuitable. Refractory brick
lining are normally used in conjunction with
refractory concrete lining (see Clause 15.2).
‫ ﻣﻮاد‬2-1-15
15.1.2 Materials
15.1.2.1 Refractory brick and tile classification
shall be as follows:
‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي آﺟﺮ ﻧﺴﻮز و ﻛﺎﺷـﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ زﻳـﺮ‬1-2-1-15
a) High alumina fire brick containing more than
50% wt alumina (see ASTM –C- 27).
‫ درﺻـﺪ‬50 ‫اﻟﻒ( آﺟﺮ ﻧﺴﻮز ﺑــــﺎ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨـﺎي ﺑـﺎﻻ داراي ﺑـﻴﺶ از‬
b) Insulating fire brick containing 50% wt
alumina or less (see ASTM –C- 155).
‫ درﺻـﺪ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨـﺎ ﻳـﺎ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ) ﺑـﻪ‬50 ‫ب( آﺟﺮ ﻧﺴﻮز ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻜـﺎري ﺑـﺎ‬
15.1.2.2 Bricks shall have their flat surfaces true
to within the following limits:
‫ آﺟﺮﻫــﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺨـﺖ واﻗﻌـﻲ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ‬2-2-1-15
a) Concavity: Not more than 3 mm in 30 cm
and prorate.
.‫ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬30 ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮدر‬3 ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬:‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻘﻌﺮ‬
b) Convexity: Not more than 1.5 mm in 30 cm
and prorate.
‫ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬30 ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮدر‬1/5 ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻴﺶ از‬:‫ب ( ﺗﺤﺪب‬
:‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASTM-C-27 ‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﺎ )ﺑﻪ‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASTM-C-155
:‫ﻣﺤﺪودهﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ اﺑﻌﺎد‬3-1-15
15.1.3 Dimension
2 ‫ آﺟﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬.‫اﺑﻌﺎد آﺟﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
The dimensions of brick shall be specified by the
Purchaser. The bricks shall not depart from the
stated dimension by more than 2%.
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬4-1-15
15.1.4 Application
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ آﺟﺮ ﻧﺴﻮز ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬
IPS-C-TP-352 ‫آﺟﺮ ﻣﻘـﺎوم ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻮاد ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ) ﺑـﻪ‬
(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
Application of refractory brick lining shall be in
accordance with chemical resistance brick lining
(see IPS-C-TP-352).
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻧﺴﻮز‬2-15
15.2 Refractory Concrete Lining
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-2-15
15.2.1 General
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻧـﺴﻮز ﺑـﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻛـﺮدن‬1-1-2-15
15.2.1.1 Refractory concrete lining are used for
lining of radiant and convection Sections of
furnace, waste heat boilers, flue ducts and steel
stacks.
‫ دﻳـﮓ ﻫـﺎي‬، ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻊ و ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻛـﻮره‬
‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻫﺎي دود و دودﻛـﺶ ﻫـــﺎي ﻓـﻮﻻدي‬،‫ﺑﺨﺎر اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
.‫ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﻧﺴﻮز ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ درﻫﻮاي ﻣﻨﺠﻤـﺪ ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎر ﮔـﺮم‬2-1-2-15
15.2.1.2 Refractory materials shall not be
applied in freezing or excessively hot weather
unless precautions are taken to maintain
refractory, steel and mixing equipment at as
close to an ambient temperature of 15°C as
possible during mixing, application, and for a
‫ ﻓـﻮﻻد و‬،‫ ﻣﮕـﺮ اﻳﻨﻜـﻪ ﺑـﺮاي ﻧﮕﻬـﺪاري ﻣـﻮاد ﻧـﺴﻮز‬،‫اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
15 ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﻦ ﺗـﺎ ﺣـﺪي ﻧﺰدﻳـﻚ ﺑـﻪ دﻣـﺎي ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ‬
‫ ﻛـﺎرﺑﺮي و ﺑــﺮاي‬،‫درﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد و در زﻣـﺎن ﻣﺨﻠــﻮط ﻛـﺮدن‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ از آن اﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ‬24 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت‬
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minimum of 24 hours thereafter. No admixture
of any kind, nor live steam shall be used for this
purpose.
‫ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨـﺎر داغ ﺑـﺮاي اﻳـﻦ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر‬.‫آﻳﺪ‬
.‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
15.2.1.3 Vessel is to be lined in erected position
in the field.
‫ ﻇﺮف ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬3-1-2-15
15.2.1.4 Only personnel who are thoroughly
familiar and experienced in application of
refractory shall be employed in application of
lining. Skilled tradesmen such as brick layers
and nozzle operators shall have at least one
year’s previous experience of such work on jobs
of a similar nature.
‫ ﻓﻘﻂ اﻓﺮادي ﻛﻪ آﺷﻨﺎﺋﻲ و ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ در زﻣﻴﻨـﻪ‬4-1-2-15
15.2.2 Types of Refractory Concrete and
Usage
‫ اﻧﻮاع ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺴﻮز و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد آن‬2-2-15
15.2.2.1 Refractory concrete lining material
consists of a mixture of calcium aluminate
cement and light-weight aggregates. It shall be
supplied by the manufacturer as a dry mix. After
the addition of water, it shall be suitable for
application by gunning or casting in the same
way as ordinary concrete.
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻧﺴﻮز از ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن‬1-2-2-15
.‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻮادﻧﺴﻮز دارﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ اﺳـﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﻫـﺎ و اوﭘﺮاﺗﻮرﻫـﺎي ﻧـﺎزل ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺣـﺪاﻗﻞ‬.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎل در ﺳﻤﺖ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻠـﻲ‬
.‫داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
. ‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﺎت ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ و داﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ وزن ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷـﺪه اﻧـﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﻌﺪ‬.‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺧﺸﻚ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻳـﺎ رﻳﺨﺘﮕـﻲ ﺑﻬﻤـﺎن‬،‫از اﻓﺰودن آب‬
.‫روش ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ دو ﻧﻮع ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺘﻨـﻲ ﻧـﺴﻮز ﺑـﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬2-2-2-15
15.2.2.2 Two type of refractory concrete
materials are used for lining of heating
equipment.
.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ‬1-2-2-2-15
15.2.2.2.1 Light-Weight (LW) Concrete
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻲ از ﺳﻴﻤﺎن آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﺎت ﻛﻠـﺴﻴﻢ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﻦ و‬
،‫ ﺧﺎك‬،‫ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﻛﻮره ﺑﻼﺳﺖ‬،‫ ورﻣﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﺖ‬،‫ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ﭘﺮﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﻧـﺴﻮز‬.‫ ﺳﻨﮓ رﺳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻠﻤﻪ ﺳـﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬،‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ‬،‫دﻳﺎﺗﻮﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻊ‬
‫و ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻮره ﻫﺎ و دﻳﮓ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺎر اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ دﻳﮕﺮي ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﻴـﺎن ﺷـﺪه‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜـﺎل ﻛﺎﻧـﺎل‬، (‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻫﺎي دود )داغ‬
/ ‫ﻫــﺎي ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻊ و ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫـﺎي ﺟﺎﺑﺠـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻮره ﻫـﺎ‬
.‫دﻳﮓﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺎر اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
Lw concrete shall be a mixture of calcium
aluminate cement with aggregates e.g. perlite,
vermiculite, blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite,
fly ash, shale or slate. Lw refractory concrete
shall be used as a lining material for radiant
Sections and convection sections of furnaces and
waste heat boilers-except as stated otherwise by
the Company and also for "hot" flue ducts, e.g.
ducts between radiant section and convection
Sections of furnaces/waste heat boilers.
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ وزن ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬2-2-2-2-15
15.2.2.2.2 Medium-Weight (MW) Concrete
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺴﻮز ﺑﺎ وزن ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻃﻲ از ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨـﺎت‬
،‫ ﺑـﺮاي ﻣﺜـﺎل ﺳـﺮﺑﺎره ﻛـﻮره ﺑﻼﺳـﺖ‬،‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ داﻣﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺷـﻨﻲ‬
‫ اﻳـﻦ‬.‫ ﺳﻨﮓ رﺳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻠﻤﻪ ﺳـﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬،‫ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ‬،‫ دﻳﺎﺗﻮﻣﻪ‬،‫ﺧﺎك‬
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺎده ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻌﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ راﻫﻪ‬
‫ ﺑـﺮاي‬،‫ ﺑـﺮاي ﻣﺜـﺎل‬.‫ﻛﻮره و ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻫﺎي دود "ﺳﺮد" اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻫﺎي ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ از دﻳﮓﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺎر اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي دودﻛﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي و ﺑﺮاي ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﻫـﺎي‬،‫ﺑﻪ دودﻛﺶ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻮره ﻫﺎ و دﻳﮓﻫﺎي ﺑﺨـﺎر اﺗـﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗـﻲ ﺟـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬
.‫ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺎري ﺷﺎت اﻋﻤﺎل ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
Mw refractory concrete shall be a mixture of
calcium aluminate cement with aggregates e.g.
blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite, fly ash, shale
or slate. It shall be used as a lining material for
furnace header boxes and "cold" flue ducts, e.g.
for ducts from convection Sections of waste heat
boilers to the stack, for steel stacks and for
convection Sections of furnaces and waste heat
boilers where shot cleaning will be applied.
110
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IPS-E-TP-350(1)
15.2.2.3 The water to be added to the dry mix
shall be clean, cool and potable. During cold
weather the water temperature shall not be less
than 5°C.
،‫ آﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺧﺸﻚ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﻴـﺰ‬3-2-2-15
15.2.2.3.1 Refractory concrete for lining of steel
walls shall be applied with use of anchors.
Anchoring of lining to furnace floors is not
necessary, except for protruding parts.
‫ ﺑــﺘﻦ ﻧــﺴﻮز ﺑــﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ داﺧﻠــﻲ دﻳﻮارﻫــﺎي‬1-3-2-2-15
‫ در ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺮد دﻣـﺎي آب ﻧﺒﺎﻳـﺪ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ از‬.‫ﺳﺮدو ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﺮب ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬5°c
‫ ﻣﻬﺎر ﻛـﺮدن‬.‫ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻬﺎرﻫﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﻗﻄﻌـﺎت ﺑﺮﺟـﺴﺘﻪ‬، ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻒﻫﺎي ﻛﻮره‬
.‫ﻻزم ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬3-2-15
15.2.3 Thickness of lining
15.2.3.1 Refractory cement lining should
preferably be not thicker than 200 mm nor
thinner than 40 mm.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻧﺴﻮز ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎً ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺿﺨﻴﻢﺗﺮ‬1-3-2-15
15.2.3.2 Minimum thickness of castable
refractories in convection Section of fired
heaters shall be 75 mm (3"). The tolerance of
lining thickness shall be ±5 mm.
‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻮاد ﻧﺴﻮز ﻗﺎﺑﻞ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﮔـﺮي در‬2-3-2-15
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬40 ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﻧﺎزﻛﺘﺮ از‬200 ‫از‬
‫ ﻣﻴﺰان‬.‫ اﻳﻨﭻ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬3) ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬75 ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻮره ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬±5 ‫رواداري ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬4-2-15
15.2.4 Application of lining
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺴﻮز ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ روشﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻳﺎ رﻳﺨﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت روش ﻫﺎي اﻋﻤﺎل و ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﻛﺎرﻫـﺎ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬.‫اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬IPS-C-TP-352 ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ‬
Refractory concrete lining is applied by gunning
or casting methods. The application methods,
requirements and inspection of works shall be in
accordance with IPS-C-TP-352.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬-16
16. CEMENT-MORTAR LINING
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-16
16.1 General
16.1.1 Cement-mortar lining is mainly used for
lining of steel, ductile-iron and cast-iron pipe
and tubing for shielding the steel from chemical
corrosive attack encountered in the handling of
water and oil field brines and the like. It is
intended for lining of new and old pipes and
fittings.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣـﻼت ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن اﺳﺎﺳـﺎً ﺑـﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬1-1-16
16.1.2 Cement-mortar-lined and cement-mortarcoated steel pipe combines the physical strength
of steel with the protective qualities of cement
mortar. The lining, applied centrifugally, creates
a smooth, dense finish that protects the pipe
from tuberculation and provides a measure of
corrosion protection. The smooth interior surface
provides a high flow coefficient, which is
maintained for a long period of time.
‫ در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ و ﺧـﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣـﻼت‬2-1-16
‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭼﺪﻧﻲ و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔـﺬاري ﺑـﺮاي‬،‫ آﻫﻦ ﭼﻜﺶ ﺧﻮار‬،‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﻓﻮﻻد‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻓﻮﻻد از ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ در ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺟﺎﺑﺠـﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ اﻳـﻦ‬.‫آب و آب ﻧﻤﻚﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺪان ﻧﻔﺘﻲ و اﻣﺜﺎل آن ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ و ﻗﺪﻳﻢ و اﺗـﺼﺎﻻت در ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ اﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎم ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻓـﻮﻻد ﺑـﺎ ﺧـﻮاص ﻣﺤـﺎﻓﻈﺘﻲ ﻣـﻼت‬، ‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ اﻋﻤـﺎل ﺷـﺪه ﺑـﻪ روش‬.‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻛﺎر ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺻﺎف و ﻣﺤﻜﻤﻲ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻣـﻲآورد ﻛـﻪ‬، ‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟــﻪ را از ﺧﻮردﮔــــﻲ دﻛﻤــﻪ اي ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈــﺖ ﻣــﻲﻛﻨــﺪ و ﺷــﺮاﻳﻂ‬
‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻـﺎف داﺧﻠـﻲ‬.‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑـﺎﻻﻳﻲ را ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮاي ﻣـﺪت زﻣـﺎن ﻃـﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺣﻔـﻆ‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
،‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد آﻣﺪن ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺳـﺨﺖ‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه‬
‫ﺑﺎدوام و ﻧﻴﺮوﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﺪه و در ﺟﺎﺋﻴﻜﻪ از اﻛﺴﺎﻳﺶ ﻳـﺎ ﺧـﻮردﮔﻲ ﻓـﻮﻻد‬
.‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ‬
In addition, the cementmortar coating results in a
tough, durable, and rugged coating that forms an
alkaline environment where oxidation or
corrosion of the steel is inhibited.
111
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺸﺪار داده ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﻛﻪ آب ﻫﺎي ﻧﺮم‬3-1-16
16.1.3 The user is cautioned that soft, aggressive
waters, as well as prolonged contact with heavily
chlorinated water, may be injurious to cementmortar linings. When this environment is
anticipated, further studies may be necessary to
determine the suitability of this type of lining.
، ‫و ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻢ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ آب ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﻨﻪ ﺷـﺪه در ﺗﻤـﺎس ﻃـﻮﻻﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣـﻼت ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن آﺳـﻴﺐ وارد‬
‫ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ اﺳـﺖ‬،‫ زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜـﻪ اﻳـﻦ ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ ﭘـﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨـﻲ ﺷـﻮد‬.‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑـﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻧﻤـﻮدن ﻧـﻮع ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬
.‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﻻزم ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاد‬2-16
16.2 Materials
‫ ﻧـﻮع‬ASTM-C-150 ‫ ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑـﺎ اﻟﺰاﻣـﺎت‬1-2-16
16.2.1 Cement meeting the requirements of
ASTM-C-150 Type I or II (Portland cement) is
required for the lining pipes and fittings carrying
water but cement conferring to ASTM-C-150
Type III (high sulfate resistant (HRS) similar to
API-RP 10A with zero tricalcium aluminate
(C3A) should be used for lining oil field pipe
and tubing. This cement is suitable for exposure
to corrosive waters, regardless of the soluble
sulfate concentration.
‫اول ﻳﺎ دوم )ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﺮﺗﻠﻨـﺪ( ﺑـﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﻟﻮﻟـــﻪﻫـﺎ و‬
‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻛــﻪ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ آب ﻫـﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣـﻮرد ﻧﻴـﺎز اﺳـﺖ اﻣـﺎ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن‬
‫ ﻧـﻮع ﺳـﻮم )ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ‬ASTM-C-150 ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑــﻪ‬
‫ ﺑــﺪون ﺗــﺮي‬API-RP-10A ‫( ﻣــﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑــﺎ‬HRS ‫ﺳــﻮﻟﻔﺎت زﻳــﺎد‬
‫( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻣﻴـﺪان‬C3A) ‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﺎت‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن در ﻣﻌﺮض آﺑﻬﺎي‬.‫ﻧﻔﺘﻲ و ﺗﻴﻮب ﮔﺬاري اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
16.2.2 When API Class C (API specification
10 ) cement with zero C3A is unavailable, other
cements as follow may be used, but only upon
specific approval by the Company.(See total
no.26, and IPS table 27).
API
CLASS
C ‫ زﻣــــﺎﻧﻲ ﻛــــﻪ ﺳــــﻴﻤﺎن‬2-2-16
16.2.2.1 Moderate sulfate resistant (MSR)
cements (having less than 8 percent C3A) may
be used when the corrosive fluid contains less
than 1000 ppm soluble sulfates.
‫ ﺳــﻴﻤﺎن ﻫــﺎي ﻣﻘــﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑــﺮ ﺳــﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﻣﺘﻮﺳــﻂ‬1-2-2-16
،‫ در دﺳــﺘﺮس ﻧﺒﺎﺷــﺪ‬C3A ‫( ﺑــﺪون‬10 ‫ ﻣﺸﺨــﺼﺎت ﻓﻨــﻲ‬API)
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ در ﺻـﻮرت ﺗﺄﻳﻴـﺪ ﺧـﺎص‬
‫ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﻮد )ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻜﻞ زﻳـﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬IPS 27 ‫ و ﺟﺪول‬API 26 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬
‫( ﻣﻤﻜــﻦ اﺳــﺖ در‬C3A ‫ درﺻــﺪ‬8 ‫( )داراي ﻛﻤﺘــﺮ از‬MSR)
‫ﺻــﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛــﻪ ﺳــﻴﺎل ﺧﻮرﻧــﺪه داراي ﺳــﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﻣﺤﻠــﻮل ﻛﻤﺘــﺮ از‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬1000PPM
‫ ﻳـﺎ‬API CLASS B (MSR) ‫اﻳﻦ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن ﻫـﺎ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ اﺳـﺖ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬CLASS C (HSR)
These may be either API Class B (MSR) or
Class C (MSR) cement.
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻ در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﺳـﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬2-2-2-16
16.2.2.2 High sulfate resistant (HSR) cements
(having less than 3 percent C3A) shall always be
used when the corrosive water contains 1000
ppm or higher soluble sulfates.
‫( ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬C3A ‫ درﺻﺪ‬3 ‫( )داراي ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬HRS)
‫ ﺳـﻮﻟﻔﺎﺗﻬﺎي ﻣﺤﻠـﻮل ﻳـﺎ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ‬1000PPM ‫آب ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه داراي‬
.‫اﺳﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻳــــﺎ‬API CLASS B (HSR) ‫اﻳـﻦ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ اﺳــﺖ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬CLASS C (HSR)
These may be either API Class B (HSR) or Class
C (HSR) cement.
16.2.3 The Purchaser of cement lined pipe may
require the applicator to furnish a written
statement of the chemical composition of the
cement for the Purchaser’s approval. Similarly,
the applicator may require the cement
manufacturer to furnish a written statement of
the chemical composition of the cement for the
approval by the applicator or by the Purchaser of
the cement lined pipe. The method for
determining the C3A content of the cement
selected should be by mutual agreement among
‫ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺷـﺪه ﺳـﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ‬3-2-16
‫اﺳﺖ از اﻋﻤﺎل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺨﻮاﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن را‬
‫ ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ‬.‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺑـﺮاي ﺗﺄﻳﻴـﺪ ﺧﺮﻳـﺪار ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‬
‫ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺨﻮاﻫـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬،‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن را ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﻧﻮﺷـﺘﻪ و ﺑـﺮاي ﺗﺄﻳﻴـﺪ‬
‫اﻋﻤﺎل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷـﺪه ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ‬
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻮرد‬C3A‫ روش ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان‬.‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
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the cement manufacturer, the applicator and the
Purchaser of the cement lined pipe.
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬،‫ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
.‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻛــﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن و ﭘﺮ‬4-2-16
16.2.4 The cement used for cement lining pipe
and filling shall be uniform and free of lumps.
.‫ﻛﺮدن ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ و ﺑﺪون ﻛﻠﻮﺧﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
16.2.5 Sand should be at least 95 percent quartz
(silicon dioxide ) and should not lose more than
0.5 percent on ignition.
‫ درﺻـﺪ ﻛـﻮارﺗﺰ )ﺳـﻴﻠﻴﺲ دي‬95 ‫ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬5-2-16
16.2.6 The sand should meet ASTM-C-33 and
conform to screen analysis as Table 21.
‫ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘــﺖ‬ASTM-C-33 ‫ ﻣﺎﺳــﻪ ﺑﺎﻳــﺪ ﺑــﺎ اﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬6-2-16
.‫ درﺻﺪ در اﺛﺮ اﺣﺘﺮاق ﺗﻠﻒ ﺷﻮد‬0/5 ‫اﻛﺴﻴﺪ( ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
.‫ ﭘﻴﺮوي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬21 ‫داﺷﺘﻪ و از ﺟﺪا ﺳﺎزي ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻟﻲ در ﺟﺪول‬
TABLE 21 - SCREEN ANALYSIS OF SAND USED FOR CEMENT - MORTAR LINING
‫ ﺟﺪا ﺳﺎزي ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬-21 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
OPENING
mm (US SERIES)
(‫( )ﺳﺮي آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ‬mm) ‫ﺳﻮراخ‬
PERCENT RETAINED
ON EACH SIEVE
1.19 (16)
0.590 (30)
0.420 (40)
0.297 (50)
0.177 (80)
0.149 (100)
> 0.149 ( > 100)
0
0-5
15 - 25
49 - 60
20 - 40
0-5
0-2
‫درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪه روي ﻫﺮ اﻟﻚ‬
‫ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ و ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎم ﻳﺎ ﭘـﻮزوﻻنﻫـﺎي ﻛﻠـﺴﻴﻨﻪ ﺷـﺪه‬7-2-16
16.2.7 Fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans
should conform to ASTM-C-618 and API Spec.
10, Section 11.
‫ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ‬API SPEC.10 ‫ و‬ASTM-C-618 ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ ﭘﻴﺮوي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬11
‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳـﺪ‬ASTM-C-618 ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﻠﻔﺎت اﺣﺘﺮاق ﻃﺒـﻖ‬
‫ درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬4 ‫ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
The loss on ignition for fly ash, conforming to
ASTM-C-618, should not exceed 4 percent.
‫ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻧﻴـﺎز داﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ اﻋﻤـﺎل‬8-2-16
16.2.8 The Purchaser may require the applicator
to furnish satisfactory reports of analyses which
certify that the pozzolanic materials meet the
ASTM requirements set forth in ASTM-C-618
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﮔﺰارش ﻫﺎي رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮزوﻻﻧﻴﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﺨــﻮاﻧﻲ‬ASTM-C-618 ‫ ﺑﻴــﺎن ﺷــﺪه در‬ASTM ‫اﻟﺰاﻣــﺎت‬
.‫ اراﻳﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫دارد‬
16.2.9 Pozzolanic material shall consist of
siliceous or a combination of siliceous and
aluminous material in a finely divided form that
in the presence of moisture will react with
calcium hydroxide, at ordinary temperatures, to
form compounds possessing cement properties.
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮزوﻻﻧﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ داراي ﺳـﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﻳـﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒـﻲ از‬9-2-16
16.2.10 Water for mixing the lining material,
clear potable water should be used.
‫ آب ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬10-2-16
16.2.11
Chemical
Additives-Chemical
admixtures may be used by agreement between
the applicator and purchaser.
‫ ﻣـﻮاد ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ اﻓﺰودﻧـﻲ‬،‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻣﻮاد ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬11-2-16
16.2.12 Cement, sand, and pozzolans should be
‫ ﺧﺸﻚ و ﺑـﺪون‬،‫ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ و ﭘﻮزوﻻن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ‬،‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬12-2-16
‫ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ و آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﺑـﺴﻴﺎر ﻧـﺮم ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ در‬
‫ﺣﻀﻮر رﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﺑـﺎ ﻛﻠـﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛـﺴﻴﺪ در دﻣﺎﻫـﺎي ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻟﻲ‬
،‫واﻛﻨﺶ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺗـﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒـﺎﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ داراي ﺧـﻮاص ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن اﺳـﺖ‬
.‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﺷﺮب ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار و اﻋﻤﺎل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
113
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
kept clean, dry and free from contaminants.
They should be stored in separate bins, tanks or
other containers closed to weather and
contamination. Cement and pozzolans should be
passed through a (6.4 mm) or less mesh screen,
to remove lumps and other extraneous matter,
before mixing. All materials should be handled
and transferred in such a manner that all foreign
matter is excluded.
‫ ﻣﺨـﺎزن‬،‫ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در اﻧﺒﺎرﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬.‫آﻻﻳﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﻇﺮوف ﺳﺮﺑﺴﺘﻪ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻮا و آﻻﻳﻨـﺪه ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮر‬
‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن و ﭘﻮزوﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺬف ﻛﻠﻮﺧﻪﻫﺎ‬.‫ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ اﻧﺒﺎر ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫و دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛـﺮدن از ﻏﺮﺑـﺎل ﺑـﺎ ﺗـﻮري‬
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ‬.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﻮر ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬6/4
.‫و ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
16.2.13 Cement-mortar shall be composed of
cement, sand and water, well mixed and of
proper consistency to obtain a dense,
homogeneous lining that will adhere firmly to the
pipe surface. To improve workability, density
and strength in the mortar, admixtures
conforming to the latest edition of ASTM-C-494,
may be used at the option of the contractor,
provided the ratio of admixture to cement does
not exceed that used in the qualification tests of
ASTM-C-494. The soluble chloride-ion ( Cl- )
content of the cement-mortar mix shall not
exceed 0.15 percent, expressed as a percentage of
cement weight. No admixture shall be used that
would have a deleterious effect on potable water
flowing in the pipe after the lining has been
placed.
‫ ﻣﺎﺳـﻪ و آب‬،‫ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن‬13-2-16
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷﺪه و ﺑـﺎ ﻏﻠﻈـﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﻳـﻚ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬،‫ﺑﻮده‬
‫ ﭼﮕﺎل را ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫـﺪ‬،‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ‬
‫ ﭼﮕـﺎﻟﻲ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ‬،‫ ﺑـﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒـﻮد ﻛـﺎرآﻳﻲ‬.‫ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪ ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ آورد‬
‫ ﭘﻴـﺮوي‬ASTM-C-494 ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ از آﺧـﺮﻳﻦ ﭼـﺎپ‬،‫ﻣﻼت‬
،‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻖ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﻮد‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن از آﻧﭽﻪ در آزﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎي‬
.‫ ﺑﻜـﺎر رﻓﺘـﻪ ﺗﺠـﺎوز ﻧﻨﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‬ASTM-C-494 ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫( ﻣﺤﻠﻮل در ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻣﻼت ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان‬Cl) ‫ﻳﻮن ﻛﻠﺮ‬
0/15 ‫درﺻﺪي از وزن ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻴـﺎن ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻴﺶ از‬
‫ از ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ اﺛﺮ زﻳﺎن آور ﺑـﺮ روي آب آﺷـﺎﻣﻴﺪﻧﻲ‬.‫درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺟﺎري در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻗﺮار دادن ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫـﺪ داﺷـﺖ‬
.‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬3-16
16.3 Cement-Mortar Lining Thickness
‫ ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﺰ در اﺗـﺼﺎﻻت ﻳـﺎ‬، ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
‫ در اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب‬.‫دﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﮕﻲ ﻫـﺎ در دﻳـﻮار ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻳﻜـﺴﺎن ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑـﻪ اﺑﻌـﺎد ﻫـﺮ ﻧـﻮع اﺑـﺰار ﻳـﺎ اﺑـﺰار‬،‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣـﺪ‬.‫دﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از وﺳﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﮕﺬرد اﻫﻤﻴﺖ دارد‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺠﺎز ﺧـﺎرج از ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﺑـﻮدن ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬،‫ﻣﺠﺎز ﭼﻨﻴﻦ اﻗﻼﻣﻲ‬
‫ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬20 ‫ و‬19 ‫ ﺟﺪاول‬.‫داﺧﻠﻲ و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ در راﺳﺘﺎي داﻣﻨﻪ رواداري ﻣﺠـﺎز ﻛـﻪ در‬
.‫ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه و در ﻣﺤﻞ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ را ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ‬
Cement-mortar lining shall be uniform in
thickness, except in joints or other
discontinuities in the wall. In selecting lining
thickness it is important to consider the
dimensions of any tools or instruments that must
pass through the pipe. In considering the
clearance for such items, the allowable
eccentricity of both lining and pipe shall be
considered. Tables 19 and 20 and list the
variations in lining thickness being applied in
shop and in place along the range of tolerances
permitted.
‫ اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬4-16
16.4 Application of Cement-Mortar Lining
16.4.1 Application of cement-mortar lining
either in shop or in place shall be as specified by
the Company. The application method and
requirements of the finished work shall be in
accordance with IPS-C-TP-352.
‫ اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه ﻳـﺎ در ﻣﺤـﻞ‬1-4-16
16.4.2 The contractor is required to furnish an
affidavit that all materials and work furnished
under the Company’s order will comply or have
complied with the applicable requirements of
this Standard and construction standard
IPS-C-TP-352.
‫ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر ﻣﻠﺰم اﺳﺖ اﻗﺮار ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اي ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﺗﻄـﺎﺑﻖ ﺑـﺎ‬2-4-16
‫ روش اﻋﻤـﺎل و اﻟﺰاﻣـﺎت‬.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﻛـــﺎر ﺗﻜﻤﻴـــﻞ ﺷـــﺪه ﺑــﺎﻳـــــﺪ ﻣﻄـــﺎﺑﻖ ﺑــــــﺎ اﺳـــﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬IPS-C-TP-352
‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻮاد و ﻛﺎر اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺳﻔﺎرش ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬
IPS-C-TP-352 ‫اﺟﺮا در اﻳـﻦ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد و اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ‬
.‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‬
114
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺷـﺪه ﺑـﺎ ﻛﺎﻻﻫـﺎي ﻟﻮﻟـﻪاي‬5-16
16.5
Typical Problems Experienced with
Cement-Lined Tubular Goods
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬
16.5.1 Cause of Failure
‫ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ‬1-5-16
Off specification materials, improper mix
properties, or poor application techniques, can
result in defective cement lining which can fail
by mechanical or chemical mechanisms.
‫ ﻳـﺎ‬،‫ ﻋـﺪم رﻋﺎﻳـﺖ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ درﺻـﺪ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮط ﻫـﺎ‬،‫ﻣﻮاد ﻏﻴﺮاﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻫﺎي ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن را ﻣﻌﻴﻮب‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺪم ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰم ﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬،‫ﻧﻤﻮده‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬2-5-16
16.5.2 Chemical Attack
16.5.2.1 Cement linings can not withstand strong
acids and will be deteriorated by acid
environments. Cement linings shall not be used
where the pH of the fluid is below 5.0.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ اﺳﻴﺪﻫـــﺎي‬1-2-5-16
16.5.2.2 Cement linings have been successfully
used in the following environments; however,
cement linings are known to deteriorate after
reaction
with
water
containing
high
concentrations of any one of several critical
individual ions or a mixture of ions. Recognized
as troublesome are high concentrations of
sulfate, sulfide, chloride carbon dioxide, or
mixtures of sulfide and oxygen.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮر ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴـﺖ‬2-2-5-16
‫ﻗــﻮي ﻣﻘــﺎوم ﻧﺒــﻮده و ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﻣﺤــﻴﻂ ﻫــــﺎي اﺳــﻴﺪي ﺗﺨﺮﻳــﺐ‬
pH ‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ در ﻣﺤـﻞ ﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ اﺳﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬5 ‫ﺳﻴﺎل زﻳﺮ‬
‫ ﻫـﺮ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬،‫آﻣﻴﺰي در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﻳـﺪه اﻧـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻌﺪ از واﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﺎ‬
‫آﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻳﻮنﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻳــﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻳﻮن ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺨـﺮب ﺑﺤﺮاﻧـﻲ را دارد ﺗﺨﺮﻳـﺐ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻳﺎ‬،‫ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ دي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬،‫ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬،‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ و اﻛﺴﻴﮋن ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ درد ﺳﺮ ﺳـﺎز ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
.‫ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‬
16.5.2.3 Chemical attack can cause holes,
grooves or thinning of the lining.
‫ ﺷـﻴﺎرﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺻﺪﻣﺎت ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺳﻮراخ ﻫﺎ‬3-2-5-16
16.5.2.4 Chemical attack can also cause
softening, shrinkage of the cement lining from
the pipe wall.
‫ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﺮم‬4-2-5-16
.‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎزك ﺷﺪن ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ ﻣﻨﻘﺒﺾ ﺷﺪن ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن از روي دﻳﻮار ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺷﺪن‬
‫ ﺣﻔﺮه ﻫﺎ‬3-5-16
16.5.3 Voids
‫ﻳﻚ ﺣﻔﺮه در ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻲ اﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ ﺣﻔﺮه ﻫﺎ در ﺣـﻴﻦ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨـﺪ ﭼﺮﺧـﺸﻲ زﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬.‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﭘﻮﺷـﺎﻧﺪن ﺗﻤـﺎم ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ‬
.‫ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻲ آﻳﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻓﻮﻻدي ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
A void is a place in the pipe where the cement
lining is not continuous. Voids occur during the
spinning process when the lining does not
distribute to cover all of the steel pipe.
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬4-5-16
16.5.4 Thickness of Lining
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧـﺖ‬1-4-5-16
16.5.4.1
Cement
lining
of
uniform
circumferential thickness which is too thick or
too thin along the length of the pipe is a result
of:
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ در اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻃﻮل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎر ﻧـﺎزك‬
:‫ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬، ‫اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻛﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر زﻳﺎد ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬‫ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬-
- Too little or too much cement mix.
- Use of improper sizing cone.
- Poor initial longitudinal distribution of
cement mixture.
- Loss of cement from the ends of the pipe
during spinning.
‫ ﻫﺪر رﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن از دو اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﺣﻴﻦ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬115
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪن ﺳﻴﻤﺎن در دو اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﺣﻴﻦ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬-
- Build-up of cement at the ends of the pipe
during spinning.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن ﻛـﻪ در ﻳـﻚ ﻃـﺮف ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ‬2-4-5-16
16.5.4.2 Cement lining which is too thin on one
side and too thick on the other side of the pips is
a result of:
‫ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﻣـﻮارد‬،‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻧﺎزك و در ﻃﺮف دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
:‫زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺳﻌﻲ در ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻛﺮدن ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺪور‬‫ ﺗﺮاز ﻧﺒﻮدن ﻏﻠﻄﻚ ﻫﺎي ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﻮل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬-
- Trying to line bent or out-of-round pipe.
- Pipe spinning rollers not aligned.
- Pipe spinning assembly too short for pipe
length.
- Excessive lateral (sidewise) movement
during spinning.
‫ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ اﺿﺎﻓﻲ )از ﭘﻬﻠﻮ( در ﺣﻴﻦ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬-
- Cement slurry too thick or too thin for
spinning speed time.
‫ ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺮاي زﻣﺎن ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺧﻴﻠـﻲ ﻏﻠـﻴﻆ و‬‫ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ رﻗﻴﻖ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﻮرﻓﺘﮕﻲ‬5-5-16
16.5.5 Sags
‫اﮔﺮ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫـﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ ﻃﻮﻗـﻪ و ﭼـﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ در ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻓﻮﻻد در‬،‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺗﺎزه ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺛﻘﻞ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻧﻘﺎط در اﻣﺘﺪاد ﺑﺎﻻي ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ دﭼـﺎر ﺗـﻮرﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﻛـﺸﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬
.‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
If the forces of hoop strength and adhesion in the
fresh cement lining are not greater than the force
of gravity, the lining will sag or pull away from
the steel at some points along the top of the pipe.
‫ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ دو اﻧﺘﻬﺎ‬6-5-16
16.5.6 Detective ends
:‫ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﻋﻴﻮب اﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬1-6-5-16
16.5.6.1 Some types of end defects are:
‫ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎت ﻗـﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻴﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬.‫ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺧﺮاﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮك دارد‬-
- Lining end not located as specified.
- Lining end not square.
- Lining end chipped or cracked.
.‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬‫ ﺳﻄﺢ از ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺗﻤﻴـﺰ ﻧـﺸﺪه‬،‫ ﭘﺦ ﺟﻮش ﻛﺎري ﻳﺎ‬،‫ دﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ از ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬.‫ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﻮد ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬-
- Lining thickness not as specified.
- Threads, welding bevel or land not cleaned
of cement.
- Lining separated from steel pipe.
- Lining end not perpendicular to longitudinal
axis of the pipe.
‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ دو اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬2-6-5-16
16.5.6.2 If the ends of the cement-lined pipe are
not as recommended, a corrosion-resistant joint
is difficult to make. This is a major cause of
lining failure.
‫ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻳﻚ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻣﻘـﺎوم ﺧـﻮردﮔﻲ ﻣـﺸﻜﻞ‬،‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ و ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷﺪن اﻧﺪك‬7-5-16
16.5.7 Foreign material and poor mixing
16.5.7. 1 Visible bubbles on the surface of set
cement lining.
‫ ﺣﺒﺎب ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻣـﺸﺎﻫﺪه روي ﺳـﻄﺢ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬1-7-5-16
16.5.7.2 The appearance of spots or small rough
lumps in the fresh lining.
‫ ﭘﻴﺪاﻳﺶ ﻟﻜﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻠﻮﺧﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮار ﻛﻮﭼـﻚ در‬2-7-5-16
.‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺗﺎزه‬
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‫ ﺗﺮك ﻫﺎ‬8-5-16
16.5.8 Cracks
16.5.8.1 Most cracking occurs when the lining is
allowed to dry out during curing, transportation
or storage.
‫ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ اﺗﻔﺎق ﻣﻲ اﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬1-8-5-16
16.5.8.2 Each joint of lined pipe shall be
inspected for cracks after curing, transportation,
storage, and handling. The intent in cement
lining is always to produce a crack-free lining;
however, cracking does occur. Acceptance or
rejection of pipe with cracked lining should be
left to the discretion of the inspector of the
Purchaser and the inspector of the applicator.
‫ ﻫﺮ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺷـﺪه ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑﻌـﺪ از‬2-8-5-16
‫ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ و اﻧﺒﺎر ﻛﺮدن‬،‫داﺧﻠﻲ در ﺣﺎل ﺧﺸﻚ و ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن‬
.‫اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎزرﺳـﻲ ﺷـﻮد‬،‫ اﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺖ و ﺟﺎﺑﺠـﺎﺋﻲ‬،‫ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ‬،‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن‬
‫ﻫﺪف از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻫﻤﻴـﺸﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬
‫ ﻗﺒـﻮل‬.‫ اﻣﺎ در ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎل ﺗﺮك اﺗﻔﺎق ﻣﻲ اﻓﺘﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺪون ﺗﺮك ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺎ رد ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺗﺮك ﺧﻮرده ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در اﺧﺘﻴـﺎر ﺑـﺎزرس‬
.‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎزرس ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮدار ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ اﺟﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬6-16
16.6 Shop Applied Cement-Mortar Lining
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-6-16
16.6.1 General
16.6.1.1 When specified by the company the
cement-mortar lining shall be applied in shop.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬،‫ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬1-1-6-16
16.6.1.2 The lining materials shall be as
specified by the Company based on the duty for
which it is intended.
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻧـﻮع ﻛـﺎرﺑﺮي و ﻫـﺪف‬2-1-6-16
16.6.1.3 The quality control inspector shall
ensure that the lining plant is operated and
maintained so that no foreign material is
introduced into the cement lining or its
components during handling, mixing, storage or
at any other time. He shall also ensure that all
components are thoroughly mixed in the correct
proportions. foreign material or poor mixing are
indicated by the appearance of spots or small
rough lumps in the fresh lining.
‫ ﺑﺎزرس ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺖ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ از ﻧﮕﻬـﺪاري و ﻓﻌـﺎل‬3-1-6-16
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺪن واﺣﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ و اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣـﻮاد ﺧـﺎرﺟﻲ در‬
‫ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط‬،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت آن در ﺣﻴﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ ﻛﺮدن و ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ زﻣﺎن دﻳﮕـﺮ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﻧـﺸﺪه اﺳـﺖ‬،‫ﻛﺮدن‬
‫ در ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣﻄﻤـﺌﻦ ﺷـﻮد ﻛـﻪ ﺗﻤـﺎم‬.‫اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮط ﮔﺮدﻳـﺪه اﻧـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻮاد ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷـﺪن ﻟﻜـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﻳـﺎ‬
.‫ﺑﺮآﻣﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﺎﺻﺎف ﻛﻮﭼﻚ در ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺗﺎزه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻳـــﺎ‬ASTM-A-185) ‫ ﺳﻴــــﻢ ﺗﻘﻮﻳـــﺖ ﺷــــﺪه‬4-1-6-16
16.6.1.4 Wire-fabric reinforcement (ASTM-A185 or ASTM-A-497) or ribbon-mesh
reinforcement shall be applied to the interior of
fittings larger than 610 mm (24 in) and shall be
secured at frequent intervals by tack welding to
the pipe, by clips, or by wire.
‫( ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮار ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﺗﻘﻮﻳـﺖ ﺷـﺪه ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ در داﺧـﻞ‬ASTM-A-497
‫ اﻳـﻨﭻ( اﺟـﺮا ﮔﺮدﻳـﺪه و در‬24) ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬610 ‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﻴﺮهﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺳـﻴﻢ‬،‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ زدن ﺧﺎل ﺟﻮش ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
.‫ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬2-6-16
16.6.2 Thickness
‫ ﺑـﻪ اﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎي‬،‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬1-2-6-16
16.6.2.1 Cement-mortar lining shall be uniform
in thickness, except at joint or other
discontinuities in the pipe wall.
‫ﻣﺤﻞ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻳﺎ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻋﺪم ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺟـﺪاره ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
.‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺟﺪول‬
‫ ﻫﻤـﺮاه ﺑـﺎ داﻣﻨـﻪ ﻣﺠـﺎز رواداري ﻳـﺎ آﻧﭽـﻪ‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬22
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـﻪ‬3-16 ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺑـﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪ‬، ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه‬
.(‫ﺷﻮد‬
Lining thickness of pipes shall be as listed in
Table 22 as a minimum along with the range of
tolerances permitted or as specified by the
Purchaser (see also 16.3).
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TABLE 22 - CEMENT MORTAR LINING THICKNESS OF PIPE (SHOP APPLIED)
(‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه‬-22 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE
LINING
THICKNESS
‫اﻧﺪازه اﺳﻤﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
mm
50 – 75
100 - 250
280 - 580
600 - 900
> 36
in
2-3
4 - 10
11 - 23
24 - 36
> 900
mm
in
5/32
¼
5/16
3/8
½
4
6
8
10
13
TOLERANCE
‫رواداري‬
mm
-0.8 + 3.2
-1.6 + 3.2
-1.6 + 3.2
-1.6 + 3.2
-1.6 + 3.2
in
-1/32 + 1/8
-1/16 + 1/8
-1/16 + 1/8
-1/16 + 1/8
-1/16 + 1/8
‫ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎن از اﻧﺠـﺎم ﻛـﺎر‬2-2-6-16
16.6.2.2 Lining thickness shall be determined at
intervals frequent enough to ensure compliance.
Thickness shall be determined while the mortar
is wet.
‫ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬.‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻼت ﻣﺮﻃﻮب اﺳﺖ‬
‫ اﺟﺮا ﻛﺮدن‬3-6-16
16.6.3 Application
‫اﻋﻤﺎل ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﻣـﻼت ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن در ﻛﺎرﮔـﺎه و اﺗـﺼﺎﻻت در‬
‫ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ از ﻛﺎرﻫﺎ و ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫـﺎي اﺟـﺮا ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻃﺒـﻖ‬،‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬،‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬
.‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬IPS-C-TP-352 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
Application of shop-applied cement-mortar
lining, and field joints, requirements, inspection
of the works and performance criteria shall be in
accordance with IPS-C-TP-352.
‫ ﻧﺼﺐ‬4-6-16
16.6.4 Installation
16.6.4.1 Inside joints
‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت داﺧﻠﻲ‬1-4-6-16
16.6.4.1.1 Material
(‫ ﻣﻮاد )ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬1-1-4-6-16
Cement mortar used for the joints shall be
composed of a minimum of 1 part cement to not
more than 2 parts sand, by weight, dry mixed,
and moistened with sufficient water to permit
packing and Trowelling without crumbling.
Sand shall be graded within the limits for plaster
sand conforming to ASTM- C-35. Water shall be
clean and free from injurious quantities of
organic matter, alkali, salts, and other impurities,
(potable water). If permitted by the Purchaser,
workability of the mortar may be improved by
replacing not more than 7 percent, by weight, of
the cement with hydrated lime, or by replacing
not more than 20 percent, by weight, of the
cement with pozzolan.
‫ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺮاي اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻳـﻚ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت‬،‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن و ﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از دو ﻗﺴﻤﺖ وزﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬
‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط و ﺑﺎ آب ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب و ﺑـﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪي ﺷـﺪه و ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬.‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻴﺪن ﺑﺪون ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪن ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬
ASTM-C-35 ‫در ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﮔﭻ ﻛﺎري ﺑـﺎ ﭘﻴـﺮوي از اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ ﻧﻤـﻚ ﻫـﺎ و‬،‫ ﻗﻠﻴـﺎ‬،‫ آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ و ﻋﺎري از ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻀﺮ آﻟﻲ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽـﻪ ﺧﺮﻳـﺪار ﻣﻮاﻓﻘـﺖ‬.(‫دﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )آب ﺷـﺮب‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎرآﻳﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن را ﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮان ﺑـﺎ ﺟـﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻧﻤـﻮدن‬
‫ درﺻﺪ وزﻧﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ آﻫﻚ آﺑﺪار ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻧﻤـﻮدن‬7 ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
.‫ درﺻﺪ وزﻧﻲ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮزوﻻن اﺻﻼح ﻧﻤﻮد‬20 ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
16.6.4.1.2 Application
16.6.4.1.2.1 Inside joints of mortar-lined pipe
shall be filled with cement mortar and finished
off smooth and flush with the inside surface of
the pipe by troweling or by equivalent means.
Before placing the joint mortar material against
the surfaces of the lining, the surfaces shall be
carefully cleaned, have all soap removed, and
then be wetted to ensure a good bond between
the lining and the joint mortar. The pipeline shall
not be put into service until the mortar has cured
for a minimum of 24 hrs.
‫ اﺟﺮا ﻛﺮدن‬2-1-4-6-16
‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت داﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺷـﺪه ﺑـﺎ‬1-2-1-4-6-16
‫ﻣﻼت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﺮﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ وﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻌـﺎدل‬
‫ ﻗﺒـﻞ از‬.‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ داﺧـﻞ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫﻤـﻮار و ﺗـﺮاز ﺷـﻮد‬
،‫ﻗﺮاردادن ﻣﻮاد ﻣـﻼت اﺗـﺼﺎل ﺑـﺮ روي ﺳـﻄﻮح ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ دﻗﺖ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ و ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣـﻮاد ﺻـﺎﺑﻮﻧﻲ ﺣـﺬف و ﺳـﭙﺲ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺲ ﺷـﺪه ﺗـﺎ از ﭘﻴﻮﻧـﺪ ﺧـﻮب ﺑـﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ و ﻣـﻼت‬
‫ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎن ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪن ﻣﻼت ﺑـﺮاي‬.‫اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬24 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
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16.6.4.1.2.2 When pipe is 560 mm (22 in.) in
diameter and larger, the joints shall be finished
smooth with the inside surface of the lining by
troweling.
‫ اﻳﻨﭻ( ﻳﺎ‬22) ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬560 ‫ وﻗﺘﻴﻜﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬2-2-1-4-6-16
16.6.4.1.2.3 When the pipe is smaller than 560
mm (22 in.), the joint shall be finished by
placing a sufficient amount of the joint mortar in
the bell end of the Section against the shoulder
of the lining, just before installing it in the line.
When the Section has been laid in place, the
joint shall be finished by pulling a rubber ball or
the equivalent through the joint to finish it off
smooth with the inside surface of the lining.
(‫ اﻳـﻨﭻ‬22) ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ‬560 ‫ وﻗﺘﻴﻜﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬3-2-1-4-6-16
‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ داﺧﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬،‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﻤﻮار و ﺗﺮاز ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ اﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻧـﺪازه ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ ﻣـﻼت‬، ‫ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
‫اﺗﺼﺎل در ﻓﺮورﻓﺘﮕﻲ اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺷـﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬
‫ زﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻗﻄﻌـﻪ‬.‫درﺳﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻧﺼﺐ آن در ﻣﺴﻴﺮ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺸﻴﺪن ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮپ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ‬،‫در ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻛﺮدن و ﻫﻤﻮار ﻛﺮدن ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ‬،‫ﻣﻌﺎدل آن روي اﺗﺼﺎل‬
.‫داﺧﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬7-16
16.7 Field Applied Cement-Mortar Lining
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-7-16
16.7.1 General
16.7.1.1 When specified by the Company the
cement-mortar lining shall be applied in place.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣـﻼت‬،‫ وﻗﺘﻴﻜﻪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ‬1-1-7-16
16.7.1.2 The lining materials shall be as
specified by the Company based on the duty for
which it is intended (see Clause 16.2).
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ آﻧﭽـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬2-1-7-16
16.7.1.3 Mortar shall be mixed long enough to
obtain maximum plasticity. The mortar shall be
used before initial set.
‫ ﻣﻼت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑـﻪ اﻧـﺪازه ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮط ﺷـﻮد ﺗـﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬3-1-7-16
.‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺤﻞ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي و ﻫﺪف ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬2-16 ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻼت ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻗﺒـﻞ از ﺳـﺨﺖ ﺷـﺪن‬.‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻤﻴﺮي ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬
.‫اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬2-7-16
16.7.2 Thickness of Lining
16.7.2.1 The lining shall be uniform in thickness
within the allowable tolerance, except at joints
or deformations in the pipeline. Cement-mortar
lining thickness shall be in accordance with
Table 22 as a minimum, unless otherwise
specified by the Purchaser. If a cement-mortar
lining thickness greater than 13 mm (1/2 in) is
required by the Company, it shall be at the
contractor’s option to apply the mortar lining in
multiple application.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﻣﺤﻞ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ‬1-2-7-16
‫ﺷﻜﻞ در ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧـﺖ ﺑـﺎ ﺣـﺪ ﻣﺠـﺎز‬
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬.‫رواداري ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﮕـﺮ اﻳـﻦ ﻛـﻪ‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ درﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﻮد‬22 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬.‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣـﺎ ﻣـﻮرد ﻧﻴـﺎز‬13 ‫ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣـﻼت‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ را ﭼﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮد‬
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن روي ﻧـﻮك‬2-2-7-16
16.7.2.2 The thickness of cement-mortar lining
over the top of rivet heads and lockbar*
longitudinal seams of steel pipe shall not be less
than 3.2 mm unless otherwise specified by the
Purchaser.
‫ درزﻫﺎي ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻓـﻮﻻدي‬،‫ﻣﻴﺦ ﭘﺮچ و ﻧﻮار* ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﻓﻠﺰي‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ اﻳـﻦ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺧﺮﻳـﺪار‬،‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬3/2 ‫ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
.‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد‬
‫* روش اﺗﺼﺎل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻮار ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ‬
.‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ دارد ﻣﻨﺴﻮخ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASTM A137-1943 ‫)ﺑﻪ‬
* Lockbar steel pipe is a methode of pipe joining
but due to it’s difficulties it is abolished.
(See ASTM A137-1943)
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TABLE 23 - CEMENT-MORTAR LINING THICKNESS FOR PIPELINES IN PLACE
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﻣﺤﻞ‬-23 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
TYPE OF PIPE
‫ﻧﻮع ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
OLD CAST IRON
AND DUCTILE IRON
OLD STEEL
NEW CAST IRON
AND DUCTILE IRON
‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﻬﻨﻪ‬
‫ﭼﺪن ﻛﻬﻨﻪ و ﭼﺪن ﻧﺸﻜﻦ‬
Diameter
‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬
mm
Nominal
Thickness
of
Lining*
NEW STEEL
‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﭼﺪن و ﭼﺪن ﻧﺸﻜﻦ‬
Diameter
‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬
mm
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫اﺳﻤﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
*‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬
Nominal
Thickness of
Lining*
Diameter
‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اﺳﻤﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
*‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬
mm
6.4
7.9
9.5
100 - 250
300 - 900
> 900
Nominal
Thickness of
Lining*
Nominal
Thickness
of
Lining*
Diameter
‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اﺳﻤﻲ‬
*‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
mm
3.2
4.8
6.4
100 - 300
350 - 900
1070 - 1500
1700 - 2300
> 2300
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫اﺳﻤﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
*‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬
mm
mm
mm
100 - 250
300 - 900
> 900
3.2
4.8
6.4
100 - 300
350 - 560
600 - 1500
> 1500
12.7
mm
4.8
6.4
9.5
11.1
12.7
‫* ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻏﻴﺮﻋﺎدي داﺷـﺘﻪ‬
‫ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒـﻖ ﻧﻈﺮﻳـﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳـﻲ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ رواداري ﺑـﺮاي‬،‫ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻮارد‬.‫داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮي را ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
* For badly deteriorated pipe or abnormal use,
the Purchaser should specify such greater
thickness of lining as engineering judgment
indicates. In all instances, tolerance for lining
shall be 3.2 mm (+ 1/8 in.) with no minus
tolerance.
‫اﻳـﻨﭻ( ﺑـﺪون رواداري‬
1
8
) ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ‬3/2 ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﻨﻔﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﺟﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬3-7-16
16.7.3 Application of lining
16.7.3.1 Application requirements of the cementmortar lining for pipelines are as follows:
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﺟﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑـﺮاي‬1-3-7-16
16.7.3.1.1 The lining of all straight pipe sections
and long radius bends shall be accomplished by
a machine that progresses uniformly through the
pipe, applies cement-mortar against the pipe
surfaces, and is provided with an attachment for
mechanically trowelling the mortar to obtain a
smooth transitions over joints.
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﻴـﻪ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﻫـﺎي ﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ و‬1-1-3-7-16
:‫ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‬
‫ﺧﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻌﺎع زﻳﺎد ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﻼت ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن را روي‬،‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺟﻠﻮ ﻣﻲرود‬
‫ و ﻳـﻚ وﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺑـﺮاي‬،‫ﺳﻄﻮح داﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﻋﻤﺎل و ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻼت ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺻـﺎف روي‬
.‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻳﺪ‬
16.7.3.1.2 That the lining of bends, specials, and
areas adjacent to valves shall be machine
sprayed and hand troweled or, where machine
placing is impractical, shall all be performed by
hand methods.
‫ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﻫـﺎي ﺧـﺎص و‬،‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺧـﻢ ﻫـﺎ‬2-1-3-7-16
16.7.3.2 Application of field applied cement
mortar lining, requirements, inspection of the
works and performance criteria shall be in
accordance with IPS-C-TP-352 (Lining).
‫ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ از ﻛﺎرﻫﺎ و ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻛـﺮد‬،‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬2-3-7-16
‫ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺠﺎور ﺷﻴﺮآﻻت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ و ﺑﺎ دﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻴﺪه ﺷﻮد ﻳﺎ در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ اﻣﻜـﺎن اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺎﺷـﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠـﻲ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً ﺑﺎ روش ﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺮا ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣـﻼت ﺳـﻴﻤﺎن در ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻃﺒـﻖ‬
.‫ )ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ( اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬IPS-C-TP-352 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
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‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ )آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ( و ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر‬-17
17. BITUMEN (ASPHALT) AND COAL
TAR LINING
17.1 General
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-17
17.1.1 Bitumen and coal tar materials are
suitable for protecting internal surfaces of steel
pipes, fittings, tanks, vessels and cementitious
concrete or brick work equipments (see Tables
24 and 25).
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﻗﻴﺮ و ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺳـﻄﻮح داﺧﻠـﻲ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ‬1-1-17
17.1.2 Both of bitumen and coal tar lining are
available in two groups, cold applied (solvent
base) and hot applied materials. Hot applied
lining have more resistance than cold applied
lining.
‫ ﺳـﺮد اﺟـﺮا )ﺑـﺎ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ‬،‫ ﻣﻮاد ﻗﻴﺮ و ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﺑـﻪ دو ﮔـﺮوه‬2-1-17
17.1.3 These linings are used for the transport
and storage of fluids with temperature within
4°C to 32°C.
‫ اﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑـﺮاي اﻧﺘﻘـﺎل و ذﺧﻴـﺮه ﺳـﺎزي‬3-1-17
17.1.4 Bitumen and coal tar lining material shall
not be applied to surface having a temperature
below 4°C to avoid poor wetting of the surface
and slow drying of the lining.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ رﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﺿـﻌﻴﻒ ﺳـﻄﺢ و‬4-1-17
17.1.5 The lining shall never be applied to a
surface having a temperature below the dew
point of the surrounding atmosphere because of
the possibility of entrapping moisture beneath
the coating.
‫ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ روي ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻛﻪ دﻣﺎي آن‬5-1-17
17.1.6 A lining material shall never be applied to
a surface having a higher temperature than that
recommended by manufacturer of the coating
because blistering and sagging of the lining can
result.
‫ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ را روي ﺳـﻄﺤﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬6-1-17
17.1.7 For contact potable water or in air
conditioning systems, special linings shall be
specified, which on drying impart no taste or
odor to the water or air. For contact with potable
water only bitumen material conforming to BS
3416 shall be applied.
‫ در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ آب ﺷـﺮب و ﻳـﺎ در ﺳـﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺗﻬﻮﻳـﻪ‬7-1-17
‫ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﻫـﺎي ﺳـﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ و‬،‫ ﻇـﺮوف‬،‫ ﻣﺨـﺎزن‬،‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬،‫ﻫﺎي ﻓﻮﻻدي‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬25 ‫ و‬24 ‫آﺟﺮﻛﺎري ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪاول‬
.(‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﺮم اﺟﺮا ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ‬.‫ﺣﻼل( و ﮔﺮم اﺟﺮا در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﺮد اﺟﺮا ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي دارد‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده‬32 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬4 ‫ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ داراي دﻣﺎي‬
.‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫دﻳﺮﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪن ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮاد ﻗﻴﺮ و ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﻧﺒﺎﻳـﺪ روي ﺳـﻄﻮﺣﻲ‬
.‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد اﺳﺖ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬4 ‫ﻛﻪ دﻣﺎي آن زﻳﺮ‬
‫زﻳﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﻃﺮاف اﺳﺖ ﺑـﻪ دﻟﻴـﻞ اﻣﻜـﺎن ﻣﺤﺒـﻮس‬
.‫ﺷﺪن رﻃﻮﺑﺖ در زﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﻮد‬
‫دﻣﺎي آن ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﭘﻮﺷﺶ اﺳﺖ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻧﻤـﻮد زﻳـﺮا‬
. ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ آن ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺎول زدﮔﻲ و ﺗﻮرﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠـﻲ ﺧﺎﺻـﻲ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﻛـﻪ در‬،‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮع‬
.‫زﻣﺎن ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪن ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺰه ﻳﺎ ﺑﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﻪ آب و ﻳﺎ ﻫﻮا ﻧﺪﻫﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ آب ﺷﺮب ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣـﻮاد ﻗﻴـﺮي ﻃﺒـﻖ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﻮد‬BS 3416
17.1.8 The excellent resistance to water and the
durability of coal tar lining are attested by the
fact that they have provided many years of
trouble-free service on ships, floating dry docks,
lockgates, tanks, water lines, penstocks, cooling
towers, and sewage disposal plants. The coal tar
lining shall not be used in contact with foods and
potable water.
‫ ﮔﻮاه ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ و دوام ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻟﺘـﺎر‬8-1-17
17.1.9 Coal tar lining are not recommended for
atmospheric exposure since they tend to alligator
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﺑـﺮاي در ﻣﻌـﺮض ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ ﻗـﺮار‬9-1-17
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آب ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎرﻛﺮد ﺑﺪون ﻣﺸﻜﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑـﺮاي ﺳـﺎﻟﻬﺎ در‬
‫ ﻣﺤـﺎﻓﻆ‬،‫ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﻨﺎور‬،‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺑﺮ روي ﻛﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﺑﺮج ﻫـﺎي ﺧﻨـﻚ‬،‫ درﻳﭽﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل آب‬،‫ ﺧﻄﻮط آﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻣﺨﺎزن‬،‫درﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﻏﺬاﻫﺎ و آب ﺷﺮب ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد زﻳﺮا ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎس ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮر ﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
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and crack on prolonged exposure to direct
sunlight although they still give protection.
‫ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺮك ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺳﻮﺳﻤﺎري ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﮔﺮﭼـﻪ ﻫﻨـﻮز‬
.‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ را دارد‬
17.1.10 Bitumen lining shall not be used where
contamination of petroleum products is
expected.
‫ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻣﻲ رود ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎت ﻧﻔﺘﻲ آﻻﻳﻨﺪه وﺟﻮد‬10-1-17
17.1.11 All materials shall be applied in
compliance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Care shall be exercised to ensure there is no
mixing of material from different sources or of
different types unless examination shows that
the final product has satisfactory properties. In
particular it shall be recognized that the chemical
and physical characteristics of coal-tar-based
coatings differ from those of bitumen-based
coatings and that the two kinds of coatings shall
not be blended in protective linings. It is also
essential to clean out plant thoroughly when the
use of bitumen lining materials follows that of
coal tar lining materials or vice versa.
.‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ دﺳﺘﻮرات ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه اﻋﻤـﺎل ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‬11-1-17
17.1.12 In selection of bitumen and coal tar
lining in addition to above consideration the
provision of Selection 8 shall also be considered.
‫ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻳـﺎ ﻛﻮﻟﺘـﺎر ﻋـﻼوه ﺑـﺮ‬12-1-17
.‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻗﻴﺮي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬،‫داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از ﻋﺪم ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷﺪن ﻣﻮاد از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻳﺎ اﻧﻮاع‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ دﻗﺖ ﻻزم ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﺼﻮص ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬.‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻮاص رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ را دارد‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ داده ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ و ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬
‫ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ و اﻳﻦ‬
‫دو ﻧﻮع ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺤـﺎﻓﻆ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮط‬
‫ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒـﺎل‬.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ واﺣـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮر ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ‬،‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
.‫ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺷﻮد ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬
‫ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻗـﺮار‬8 ‫ ﺗﺪارﻛﺎت اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬،‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻓﻮق‬
.‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬
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TABLE 24 - RESISTANCE OF COAL TAR AND BITUMEN LINING
IN CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENTS
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر و ﻗﻴﺮ در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬-24 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
TYPE OF LINING
TYPE OF LINING
‫ﻧﻮع ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
MEDIA
‫ﻧﻮع ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
MEDIA
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎ‬
Acids:
HOT
APPLIED
COLD
APPLIED
‫ﮔﺮم اﺟﺮا‬
‫ﺳﺮد اﺟﺮا‬
Gases:
:‫اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
Sulfuric,
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎ‬
HOT
APPLIED
COLD
APPLIED
‫ﮔﺮم اﺟﺮا‬
‫ﺳﺮد اﺟﺮا‬
‫ﻛﻠﺮ‬
NR
NR
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎك‬
LR
LR
R
R
LR
LR
R
R
LR
LR
LR
LR
NR
NR
NR
NR
:‫ﮔﺎزﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﻚ‬
LR
NR
Chlorine
‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﻚ‬
NR
NR
Ammonia
Hydrochloric,
10%
‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﻠﺮﻳﻚ‬
LR
NR
Hydrochloric,
20%
‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﻠﺮﻳﻚ‬
NR
NR
LR
NR
NR
NR
Solvents:
:‫ﺣﻼل ﻫﺎ‬
LR
NR
Alcohols
‫اﻟﻜﻞ ﻫﺎ‬
NR
NR
LR
NR
‫اﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﮔﻼﺳﻴﺎل‬
NR
NR
Ketons
‫اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب‬
NR
NR
Ethers
‫اﺗﺮﻫﺎ‬
NR
NR
Esters
‫اﺳﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬
NR
NR
NR
NR
R
R
10%
Sulfuric,
50%
Nitric,
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
10%
Nitric, Concentration
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ‬
Phosphoric,
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻳﻚ‬
10%
Phosphoric,
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻳﻚ‬
85%
Acetic,
‫اﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
10%
Acetic, glacial
Fatty acids
Water:
Tap
Carbon dioxide
‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ دي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Sulfur dioxide
‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ دي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Hydrogen sulfide
‫ﻫﻴﺪروژن ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬
Aliphatic hydrocarbons**
‫آﻟﻴﻔﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
Aromatic hydrocarbons
‫آروﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
:‫آب‬
‫آب ﺷﻴﺮ‬
R*
R
Distilled
‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬
R*
R
Sea
‫درﻳﺎ‬
R
R
‫ﻛﺘﻮن ﻫﺎ‬
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﺮﻳﻨﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
Salts:
:‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎ‬
Sodium chloride
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
(to be continued)
(‫)اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
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TABLE 24 – (Continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-24 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
TYPE OF LINING
MEDIA
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎ‬
Alkalies:
TYPE OF LINING
‫ﻧﻮع ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
HOT
APPLIED
COLD
APPLIED
‫ﮔﺮم اﺟﺮا‬
‫ﺳﺮد اﺟﺮا‬
10% ‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Sodium hydroxide,
70% ‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Ammonium hydroxide,
‫ آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮم ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬10%
Calcium hydroxide,
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
slaked lime slurry
‫دوﻏﺎب آﻫﻚ ﻛﺸﺘﻪ‬
Ammonium salts
‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎي آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
COLD
APPLIED
‫ﮔﺮم اﺟﺮا‬
‫ﺳﺮد اﺟﺮا‬
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
LR
LR
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
R
LR
NR
NR
R
LR
--
--
R
R
R
R
Sodium sulfate
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
Sodium bisulfite
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺖ‬
Sodium carbonate
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت‬
Sodium nitrate
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
Alum
‫زاج ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‬
Sodium sulfite
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺖ‬
Oxidizing Agents:
Sodium sulfate
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
:‫ﻣﻮاد اﻛﺴﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
Concentrated solutions
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺷﺪه‬
Dilute solutions
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي رﻗﻴﻖ‬
NR
NR
LR
R
Zinc chloride
‫روي ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
Sodium metasilicate
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت‬
Sodium bichromate
Fat and oils::‫ﭼﺮﺑﻲ و روﻏﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
Mineral
HOT
APPLIED
Calcium chloride
:‫ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻫﺎ‬
Sodium hydroxide,
‫ﻧﻮع ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
MEDIA
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻲ ﻛﺮﻣﺎت‬
LR
LR
Animal
‫ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﻲ‬
LR
LR
Vegetable
‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬
LR
LR
Miscellaneous: :‫ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﻪ‬
Sodium hypochlorite
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﭙﻮﻛﻠﺮﻳﺖ‬
Code: R = Recommended; NR = Not Recommended; LR =
Limited Recommendation.
* Coal tar is not recommended.
** Bitumen is not recommended
‫= ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه‬NR
124
‫ = ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه‬R :‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬
‫= ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﺪود‬LR
‫* ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫** ﻗﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 25 - MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SERVICE TEMPERATURE FOR COAL TAR AND
BITUMEN LINING IN CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENTS
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣﺎي ﻣﺠﺎز ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر و ﻗﻴﺮ در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬-25 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
SUGGESTED
Max.
OPERATING
TEMP. °C
CORROSIVE
MEDIA
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه‬
Alum
‫زاج ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‬
SUGGESTED
Max.
OPERATING
TEMP. °C
CORROSIVE
MEDIA
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮدﻣﺎي‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد‬
‫ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮدﻣﺎي‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد‬
‫ﺷﺪه‬
°C
c°
Magnesium sulfate
66
‫ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
66
Aluminum chloride
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
66
Mercuric acetate
‫ﺟﻴﻮه اﺳﺘﺎت‬
66
Aluminum nitrate
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
66
Methyl alcohol
‫ﻣﺘﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻞ‬
66
66
Nickel chloride
‫ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
66
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
66
Nickel nitrate
‫ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
66
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮم ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
66
Nickel sulfate
‫ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
66
27
Oxalic acid
‫اﮔﺰاﻟﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
66
Aluminum potassium sulfate
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
Aluminum sulfate
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium hydroxide
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮم ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Ammonium nitrate
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮم ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
66
Phosphoric acid
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻳﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
66
Ammonium sulfate
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮم ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
66
Phosphorous acid
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮوس اﺳﻴﺪ‬
66
‫ﺑﺎرﻳﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
66
‫ﺑﺎرﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
66
‫ﺑﺎرﻳﻢ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
66
‫ﺑﻨﺰوﻳﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
66
‫ﺑﻮرﻳﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
66
Potassium chloride
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
66
‫ﻛﺎدﻣﻴﻮم ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
66
Potassium cyanide
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﺎﻧﻴﺪ‬
66
Cadmium nitrate
‫ﻛﺎدﻣﻴﻮم ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
66
Cadmium sulfate
‫ﻛﺎدﻣﻴﻮم ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
66
Calcium bisulfite
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻲ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺖ‬
66
Calcium chloride
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
66
Potassium nitrate
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
66
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
27
Potassium sulfate
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
66
Barium chloride
Barium hydroxide
Barium nitrate
Benzoic acid
Boric acid
Cadmium chloride
Calcium hydroxide
Phosphorous trichloride
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺗﺮي ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
Phthalic acid
‫ﻓﺘﺎﻟﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
Potassium bicarbonate
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻲ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت‬
Potassium carbonate
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت‬
Potassium ferricyanide
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻓﺮي ﺳﻴﺎﻧﻴﺪ‬
Potassium ferrocyanide
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻓﺮو ﺳﻴﺎﻧﻴﺪ‬
Potassium hydroxide, 30%
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
(to be continued)
66
66
66
66
66
66
27
(‫)اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
125
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 25 – (Continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-25 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
SUGGESTED
Max.
OPERATING
TEMP. °C
CORROSIVE
MEDIA
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه‬
SUGGESTED
Max.
OPERATING
TEMP. °C
CORROSIVE
MEDIA
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮدﻣﺎي‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد‬
‫ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮدﻣﺎي‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد‬
‫ﺷﺪه‬
°C
°C
Calcium nitrate
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
66
Salicylic acid
‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
66
Chlorine gas, dry
‫ﮔﺎز ﻛﻠﺮ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
66
Silver nitrate
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮات ﻧﻘﺮه‬
66
‫ﮔﺎز ﻛﻠﺮ ﺗﺮ‬
27
Sodium acetate
‫ﺳﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
66
Sodium bicarbonate
Copper chloride
‫ﻣﺲ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
66
Sodium carbonate
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت‬
66
Copper nitrate
‫ﻣﺲ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
66
Sodium chloride
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
66
‫ﻣﺲ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
66
Sodium cyanide
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﻴﺎﻧﻴﺪ‬
66
‫اﺗﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻞ‬
66
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮل‬
66
‫ﮔﻠﻴﺴﻴﺮﻳﻦ‬
66
Chlorine gas, wet
Citric acid
Copper sulfate
Ethyl alcohol
Ethylene glycol
Glycerin
Gold cyanide (auric cyanide)
Hydrochloric acid, conc
‫ﺑﻲ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﺳﺪﻳﻢ‬
Sodium hydroxide, 30%
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Sodium nitrate
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮات ﺳﺪﻳﻢ‬
Sodium potassium tartrate
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺗﺎرﺗﺎرات‬
66
(‫ﺳﻴﺎﻧﻴﺪ ﻃﻼ )ﺳﻴﺎﻧﻴﺪاورﻳﻚ‬
Hydrochloric acid, 10%
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﺳﺘﺎت‬
66
66
27
66
66
66
Sodium sulfate
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺖ‬
66
‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﻠﺮﻳﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
27
Sodium sulfite
‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﻠﺮﻳﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ‬
66
Sodium thiosulfate
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﻴﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
66
‫ﻫﻴﺪروﺳﻴﺎﻧﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
66
Sodium thiosulfite
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﻴﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺖ‬
66
66
Sulfur dioxide gas, dry
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydrogen sulfide gas, dry
‫ ﺧﺸﻚ‬، ‫ﮔﺎز ﻫﻴﺪروژن ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬
Hydrogen sulfide gas, wet
‫ ﺧﺸﻚ‬،‫ﮔﺎز ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ دي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Sulfur dioxide gas, wet
66
‫ ﺗﺮ‬، ‫ﮔﺎز ﻫﻴﺪروژن ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬
Iron chlorides (ferric and ferrous)
Sulfur trioxide gas, dry
66
66
‫ ﺧﺸﻚ‬،‫ﮔﺎز ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ ﺗﺮي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Sulfur trioxide gas, wet
66
66
‫ ﺗﺮ‬،‫ﮔﺎز ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ ﺗﺮي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
(‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮاتﻫﺎي آﻫﻦ )ﻓﺮووﻓﺮﻳﻚ‬
Iron sulfates (ferric and ferrous)
66
‫ ﺗﺮ‬،‫ﮔﺎز ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ دي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
(‫ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪﻫﺎي آﻫﻦ )ﻓﺮووﻓﺮﻳﻚ‬
Iron nitrates (ferric and ferrous)
66
66
Sulfurous acid
(‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎتﻫﺎي آﻫﻦ )ﻓﺮووﻓﺮﻳﻚ‬
(to be continued)
‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮروس اﺳﻴﺪ‬
66
(‫)اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
126
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 25 - (continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-25 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
SUGGESTED
Max.
OPERATING
TEMP. °C
CORROSIVE
MEDIA
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه‬
SUGGESTED
Max.
OPERATING
TEMP. °C
CORROSIVE
MEDIA
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮدﻣﺎي‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮدﻣﺎي‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪه‬
°C
c°
Lactic acid
‫ﻻﻛﺘﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
66
Tannic acid
Lead acetate
‫ﺳﺮب اﺳﺘﺎت‬
66
Tartaric acid
Lead nitrate
‫ﺳﺮب ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
66
Urea
Magnesium chloride
‫ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
66
Zinc chloride
‫ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
66
‫ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
66
Magnesium hydroxide
Magnesium nitrate
‫ﺗﺎﻧﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
66
‫ﺗﺎرﺗﺎرﻳﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ‬
66
‫اوره‬
66
‫روي ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
66
Zinc nitrate
‫روي ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
66
Zinc sulfate
‫روي ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
66
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬2-17
17.2 Thickness
‫ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬،‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻛـﺎرﺑﺮي و ﻫـﺪف ﻣـﻮرد ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ ﭘﻴﺮوي‬26 ‫ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه در ﺟﺪول‬،‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﻮده‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
The lining thickness varies with regard to duty
for which it is intended, but shall comply with
the requirements specified in Table 26.
TABLE 26 - THICKNESS OF COAL TAR AND BITUMEN LINING
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر و ﻗﻴﺮ‬-26 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
NUMBER
OF
COAT
mm
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻻﻳﻪ‬
1.0 – 2.6
2–3
‫ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﮔﺮم اﺟﺮا‬
1.6 – 3.2
3–4
‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﺳﺮد اﺟﺮا‬
1.6 – 3.5
3–4
2.0 – 4.5
2–3
TOTAL
THICKNESS
LINING MATERIAL
‫ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬
Cold applied coal tar
Hot applied coal tar
Cold applied bitumen
Hot applied bitumen
‫ﻛﻮﻟﺘﺎر ﺳﺮداﺟﺮا‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﮔﺮم اﺟﺮا‬
127
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 27- Chemical Requirements
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻣﻮاد‬-27 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
Cement Class
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
A
B
C
D,E,F
G
H
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺻﺪ‬، (MgO) ‫ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
6.0
NA
6.0
NA
NA
NA
Sulfur trioxide (SO3), maximum,%
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺻﺪ‬، (SO3) ‫ﮔﻮﮔﺮد ﺗﺮي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
3.5a
NA
4.5
NA
NA
NA
Loss on ignition, maximum%
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺻﺪ‬، ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ وزن در اﺛﺮ اﺣﺘﺮاق‬
3.0
NA
3.0
NA
NA
NA
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺻﺪ‬،‫رﺳﻮﺑﺎت ﻏﻴﺮﺣﻼل‬
0.75
NA
0.75
NA
NA
NA
‫( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮدرﺻﺪ‬C3A) ‫ﺗﺮي ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﺎت‬
NR
NA
15
NA
NA
NA
NA
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺻﺪ‬، (SO3)‫ﮔﻮﮔﺮد ﺗﺮي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
NA
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ وزن در اﺛﺮ اﺣﺘﺮاق ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺻﺪ‬
NA
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮدرﺻﺪ‬،‫ﭘﺲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﻏﻴﺮﺣﻼل‬
NA
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
NA
NR
NA
NA
58b
58b
NA
NR
NA
NA
48b
48b
NA
8
8
8
8
8
NR
NR
NR
NR
0.75C
0.75C
‫ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺻﺪ‬
NA
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
‫ درﺻﺪ‬،‫( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬SO3) ‫ﮔﻮﮔﺮد ﺗﺮي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
NA
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ وزن در اﺛﺮ اﺣﺘﺮاق ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺻﺪ‬
NA
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺻﺪ‬،‫ﭘﺲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﻏﻴﺮﺣﻼل‬
NA
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
ORDINARY GRADE (O)
‫درﺟﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
Magnesium oxide (MgO), maximum,%
Insoluble residue, maximum%
Tricalcium aluminate (C3A), maximum%
MODERATE SULFATE-RESISTANT GRADE (MSR)
‫درﺟﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ – ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
MAGNESIUM OXIDE (MgO), MAXIMUM%
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺻﺪ‬، (MgO) ‫ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
Sulfur trioxided (SO3), maximum%
Loss on ignition, maximum%
Insoluble residue, maximum%
Tricalcium sulfur (C3S), maximum
Minimum%
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮدرﺻﺪ‬، (C3S) ‫ﺗﺮي ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ درﺻﺪ‬
Tricalcium aluminate (C3A), maximum% a
‫ﺗﺮي ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﺎت ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺻﺪ‬
Total alkali content, Expressed as sodium oxide (Na2O) equivalent, maximum.%
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺻﺪ‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه‬،‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﻗﻠﻴﺎ‬
HIGH SULFATE- RESISTANT GRADE (HSR)
‫درﺟﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ – ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﺑﺎﻻ‬
Magnesium oixide (MgO), maximum,%
Sulfur trioxided (SO3), maximum
Loss on ignition, maximum%
Insoluble residue, maximum%
Tricalcium sulfur (C3S), maximum%
Minimum%
Tricalcium aluminate (C3A), maximum%
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺻﺪ‬،(C3S) ‫ﺗﺮي ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬
NA
NR
NR
NR
65
58b
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ درﺻﺪ‬
NA
NR
NR
NR
48b
48b
NA
3b
3b
3b
3b
3b
‫( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮدرﺻﺪ‬C3A) ‫ﺗﺮي ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﺎت‬
(to be continued)
b
(‫)اداﻣﻪ دارد‬
128
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 27- (continued)
(‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-27 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
Cement Class ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
A
B
C
D,E,F
G
H
Tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF) plus twice the tricalcium aluminate
(C3A), maximum, %
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺻﺪ‬،(C3A) ‫( ﺑﻪ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ دوﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﺮي ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﺎت‬C4AF) ‫ﺗﺘﺮاﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻮﻓﺮﻳﺖ‬
NR
24b
24b
24b
24b
24b
Total alkali content, expressed as sodium oxide (Na2O) equivalent,
maximum, %
‫ درﺻﺪ‬،‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬،‫ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه‬،(Na2O)‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﻗﻠﻴﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
NA
NR
NR
NR
0.75C
0.75C
NR= No Requirement ; NA= Not Applicable
‫= ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺟﺮا ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬NA
a) when the tricalcium aluminate content (expressed
as C3A) of the cement is 8 % or less, the
maximum SO3 content shall be 3 %
:‫= ﺑﺪون اﻟﺰام‬NR
‫اﻟﻒ( وﻗﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﺗﺮي ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﺎت )ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
SO3 ‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮي‬،‫ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ‬%8 ‫( ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬C3A
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬%3‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
b) The expressing of chemical limitations by
means of calculated assumed compounds does
not
necessarily mean that the oxides are
actually or entirely present as such compounds.
When the ratio of the percentages of Al2O3 to
Fe2O3 is 0.64 or less, the C3A content is zero.
When the Al2O3 to Fe2O3 ratio is greater than
0.64
the compounds shall be calculated as
follows :
‫ب ( ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت‬
‫ﻓﺮﺿﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻟﺰوﻣﺎً ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺣﻀﻮر ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ وﻗﺘﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬.‫اﻛﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬0/64 ‫درﺻﺪﻫﺎي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﺑﻪ اﻛﺴﻴﺪ آﻫﻦ‬
‫ وﻗﺘﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم‬.‫ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺻﻔﺮ اﺳﺖ‬C3A ‫ ﻣﻴﺰان‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬0/64 ‫اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ آﻫﻦ اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
:‫ﻗﺮار زﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
C3A=(2.65 × % Al2O3 ) – ( 1.69 × % Fe2O3 )
C4AF=(3.04 × % Fe2O3 )
C3S=(4.07×% CaO ) – (7.60×% SiO2 ) – (6.72 × % Al2O3 ) – (1.43 × % Fe2O3 ) – (2.85×% SO3)
‫ اﺳﺖ‬0/64 ‫وﻗﺘﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ آﻫﻦ اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
C3S:‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮار زﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
When the ratio of Al2O3 to Fe2O3 is less than 0.64
the C3S shall be calculated as follows:
C3S=(4.07×% CaO ) – (7.60×% SiO2 ) – (4.48 × % Al2O3 ) – (2.86 × % Fe2O3 ) – (2.85×% SO3)
c)
‫ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺑﻴﺎن ﺷﺪه( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬Na2O ‫ج ( ﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﻌﺎدل )ﺑﻌﻨﻮان‬
That sodium oxide equivalent (expressed as
Na2O equivalent) shall be calculated by the
formula:
:‫ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل زﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﻌﺎدل‬Na2O = ( 0.658 ×% K2O ) + ( % Na2O)
Na2O equivalent = ( 0.658 ×% K2O ) + ( % Na2O)
129
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
APPENDICES
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ‬
APPENDIX A
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ اﻟﻒ‬
CLADDING OF PRESSURE VESSELS
‫روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﻓﻠﺰي ﻇﺮوف ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.1 General
A.1.1 This appendix covers the requirements for
design, fabrication, process, repair, and
inspection of pressure vessels constructed of
steel with corrosion resistant integral cladding
and weld metal overlay cladding.
،‫ ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ‬،‫ اﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺰاﻣـﺎت ﺑـﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣـﻲ‬1-1-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.1.2 Cladding involves a surface layer of sheet
metal usually put on by rolling two sheets of
metal together, or centrifugal casting (extrusion
and explosion) or a thin liner is spot-welded to
the walls of a steel equipment.
‫ روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﻓﻠﺰي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ورق ﻓﻠـﺰي‬2-1-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.1.3 A higher alloy rod is necessary for
welding clad parts to avoid dilution of the weld
deposit and loss of corrosion resistance (see
Table A.1).
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﻗﻄﻌﺎت روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي اﻟﻜﺘـﺮودي ﺑـﺎ‬3 -1-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.1.4 Cladding presents a great economic
advantage in that the corrosion barrier or
expensive material is relatively thin and is
backed up by inexpensive steel. Costs might be
astronomical if the entire wall were made of
highly corrosion resistant material.
‫ روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠـﺰي ﻣﺰﻳـﺖ اﻗﺘـﺼﺎدي ﺑﺰرﮔـﻲ را در ﻣـﺎﻧﻊ‬4-1-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.1.5 Cladding material is chosen for its
corrosion resistance a particular environment,
such as sea water, sour gas, high temperature.
Specific uses include heat exchangers, reactors
and pressure vessels, furnace tubes, tubes and
tube elements for boilers, scrubbers, and other
systems involved in the production of chemicals.
‫ ﺑـﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ آن در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ‬،‫ روﻛـﺶ ﻛـﺎري ﻓﻠـﺰي‬5-1-‫اﻟﻒ‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ از ﻇﺮوف ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻓـﺸﺎر ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪه از‬،‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ و روﻛﺶ‬،‫ﻓﻮﻻد‬
.‫ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت‬،‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮرد ﻛﺮدن دو ورق ﻓﻠﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜـﺪﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﮔﺮي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ )ﻓﺸﺎري واﻧﻔﺠﺎري( ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻏﻼف ﻧﺎزك‬
.‫روي دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺟﻮش ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اي ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫آﻟﻴﺎژ ﺧﻠﻮص ﺑﺎﻻ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از رﻗﻴﻖ ﺳﺎزي رﺳﻮب ﺟـﻮش و‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـﻪ‬1-‫ )ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول اﻟﻒ‬.‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ‬
.(‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﮔﺮان ﻗﻴﻤﺖ اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮده و ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﻧﺎزك و ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ دﻳﻮار ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬.‫ﻓﻮﻻد ارزان ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻮد ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
.‫اﺳﺖ ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ دﻣـﺎي ﺑـﺎﻻ‬،‫ ﮔـﺎز ﺗـﺮش‬،‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آب درﻳـﺎ‬،‫ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺧﺎص‬
،‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒـﺪل ﻫـﺎ ﺣﺮارﺗـﻲ‬.‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺗﻴﻮب ﻫﺎ و اﺟﺰاء‬،‫ ﺗﻴﻮب ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮره‬،‫راﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ و ﻇﺮوف ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
‫ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻫـﺎي ﺗـﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﮔـﺎز و دﻳﮕـﺮ‬،‫ﺗﻴﻮب ﺑﺮاي دﻳﮓ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺎر‬
.‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي درﮔﻴﺮ در ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻮاد روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي‬2-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.2 Selection of Cladding Material
‫ ورق روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي‬1-2-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.2.1 Clad plate
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ورق روﻛـﺶ ﻓﻠـﺰي ﺑـﻪ ﻓﻠـﺰ‬1-1-2-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.2.1.1 Integral clad plate bonded to the base
metal by the rolling or expansion method shall
be homogeneously made to have a material
quality and a thickness as specified. The clad
plate to be used for pressure vessel shall meet
one of the following standard specifications or
equivalent.
‫ در روش ﻧﻮرد ﻳﺎ واﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻄـﻮر ﻫﻤﮕـﻦ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﻮد ﺗـﺎ‬،‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
‫ ورق ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬.‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻮاد و ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه رﻋﺎﻳـﺖ ﺷـﻮد‬
‫ﻓﻠﺰي ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻇﺮوف ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬
.‫ﻓﻨﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎدل آن ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ روﻛـﺶ‬،‫ " ورق و ﻧـﻮار‬ASME SA 263 (‫اﻟـﻒ‬
" ‫ﻓﻠﺰي ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮم دار ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬
a) ASME SA 263 "Corrosion-Resisting
Chromium Steel-clad Plate, Sheet, and Strip"
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‫ " ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ورق ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮار روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي‬ASME SA 264 ( ‫ب‬
" ‫ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن ﻛﺮم – ﻧﻴﻜﻞ دار‬
‫ "ورق ﻓﻮﻻدي روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي آﻟﻴـﺎژ‬ASME SA 265 ( ‫ج‬
"‫ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ‬
‫ "ورق ﻓﻮﻻدي روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻣﺲ‬ASME SA 432 ( ‫د‬
"‫و آﻟﻴﺎژ ﻣﺲ‬
b) ASME SA 264 "Stainless ChromiumNickel Steel Clad Plate, Sheet, and Strip"
c) ASME SA 265 "Nickel-Base Alloy Clad
Steel Plate"
d) ASTM B 432 "Copper and Copper Alloy
Clad Steel Plate"
‫ ﭘﻴﻮﻧــﺪ ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼــﻪ ورق روﻛــﺶ ﻓﻠــﺰي ﺑــﺎ روش‬2-1-2-‫اﻟ ـﻒ‬
A.2.1.2 The integral clad plate bonded by
explosion method shall not be used for hydrogen
service vessels operating at elevated temperature
and high pressure at a hydrogen partial pressure
7 kg/cm² and over (hereinafter referred to as
"hydrogen service"). However, its use for
removable parts such as manhole covers and
tube sheets may be permitted.
‫اﻧﻔﺠﺎري ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻇﺮوف ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﻴﺪروژن ﻛﻪ در دﻣـﺎ و ﻓـﺸﺎر‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ ﻳـﺎ‬7 ‫ﺑﺎﻻ و در ﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﺰﻳﻲ ﻫﻴﺪروژن‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )از اﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ اﺷـﺎره ﺑـﻪ "ﻛـﺎرﺑﺮي‬
‫ در ﻫﺮ ﺣـﺎل اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده آن ﺑـﺮاي ﻗﻄﻌـﺎت ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬.("‫ﻫﻴﺪروژن دارد‬
‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ درﭘـﻮشﻫـﺎي درﻳﭽـﻪ آدم رو و ورقﻫـﺎي ﺗﻴـﻮب‬
.‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﺰي‬2-2-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.2.2 Weld metal overlay cladding
A.2.2.1 Weld metal overlay cladding shall be
mainly used for "hydrogen service" vessels as
above mentioned (item A.2.1.2).
‫ روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻋﻤـﺪﺗﺎً ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬1-2-2-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.2.2.2 When the "hydrogen service" vessel is to
be operated at a special condition such as in
"Hydro cracking Process" and "HydroDesulphurization Process" (hereinafter referred
to as "special hydrogen service"), the weld metal
overlay cladding shall be strictly adopted for all
inside surface of the vessel.
‫ زﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻇـﺮف "ﻛـﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﻴـﺪروژن" ﺗﺤـﺖ‬2-2-2-‫اﻟﻒ‬
‫در ﻇﺮوف " ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﻴﺪروژن" ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮر ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺎﻻ اﺷـﺎره ﺷـﺪه‬
.(2-1-2-‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺑﻨﺪ اﻟﻒ‬
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺎص ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ "ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺑـﺎ ﻫﻴـﺪروژن" و "ﻓﺮآﻳﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﮔﻮﮔﺮد زداﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﺪروژن" ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )از اﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ اﺷﺎره ﺑﻪ "ﻛـﺎرﺑﺮي‬
‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻫﻴﺪروژن دارد" روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺟـﻮش روﻳﻬـﻢ ﻓﻠـﺰي‬
.‫دﻗﻴﻘﺎً ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح داﺧﻠﻲ ﻇﺮف ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬3-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.3 Design
‫ ﻧﺎزل ﻫﺎ و درﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎي آدم رو‬1-3-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.3.1 Nozzles and manholes
‫ ﻧﺎزل ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻏﻼﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺷﺪه‬1-1-3-‫اﻟﻒ‬
1
‫ اﻳـﻨﭻ( اﻧـﺪازه اﺳـﻤﻲ‬1 ) ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ‬38/1 ‫و ﺑﺎﻧﺪازه ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ آن‬
A.3.1.1 Nozzles with sleeve lining shall be
flanged and be sized to a minimum of 38.1 mm
(1½ in.) nominal pipe size (NPS).
2
.‫( در آﻳﻨﺪ‬NPS) ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺎزل ﻫﺎ و درﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي آدم رو ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑـﺎ روﻛـﺶ‬2-1-3-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.3.1.2 All nozzles and manholes shall be
fabricated with integral cladding or weld metal
overlay cladding in case where possible.
However, the nozzle sized 100 mm (4 in). NPs
and smaller may be fabricated with sleeve lining
which behind space shall be vented to
atmospheric with 3.2 mm (1/8 in) NPT telltale
hole and the hole is filled with grease.
‫ﻓﻠﺰي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ در ﺻﻮرت اﻣﻜﺎن روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎزل‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ‬100 ‫ در ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎل ﻧﺎزل ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه‬.‫ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﺰي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
‫ و ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ داﺧﻠـﻲ ﻏﻼﻓـﻲ‬NPs (‫ اﻳﻨﭻ‬4) ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠـﻲ ﻣﺘـﺮ‬3/2 ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻓﻀﺎي ﭘﺸﺖ آن ﺑﺎ ﺳـﻮراخ ﺗﺨﻠﻴـﻪ‬
.‫ ﻛﻪ از ﻛﺮﻳﺲ ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬NPT (‫اﻳﻨﭻ‬
1
)
8
‫ ﺳﻄﻮح و ﮔﺮدن ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮش ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎزل ﻫــﺎ و‬3-1-3-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.3.1.3 The flange facings and neck connection
weld of shell to nozzles and manholes shall be
lined with weld metal overlay cladding as shown
in Fig. A.1.
‫ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻪ وﺳـﻴﻠﻪ روﻛـﺶ‬،‫درﻳﭽــﻪ ﻫﺎي آدم رو ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻴـﺸﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ‬1-‫ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻒ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
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‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﺎزل ﻫﺎ و درﻳﭽﻪ ﻫـﺎي آدم رو ﻇـﺮف‬4-1-3-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.3.1.4 All nozzles and manholes for special
hydrogen service vessel shall be employed the
weld metal overlay cladding. In the case, the
raised face type with spiral wound gasket shall
be recommended for the flange connection.
Where the ring joint type facing is unavoidably
employed, the corner radius of the ring joint
groove of flange facing shall be made as large as
possible, and the final weld metal over Layer of
the groove shall be made after final post weld
heat treatment.
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻫﻴﺪروژن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ‬
‫ در ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮع ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬.‫ﻓﻠﺰي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ در ﺟـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬.‫ﺑﺮاي اﺗﺼﺎل ﻓﻠﻨﺞ واﺷﺮ ﻧﻮع ﺣﻠﺰوﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷـﻮد‬
‫ ﺷﻌﺎع‬،‫ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮدن روﻳﻪ ﻧﻮع اﺗﺼﺎل ﺣﻠﻘﻪ اي ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﺷﻴﺎر اﺗﺼﺎل ﺣﻠﻘﻪ اي روﻳﻪ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺣﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺑـﺰرگ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺟﻮش ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ روﻛﺶ ﺷﻴﺎر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﭘﺲ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ‬
.‫ﺟﻮش اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺿﻤﺎﻳﻢ داﺧﻠﻲ‬2-3-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.3.2 Internal attachment
‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري داﺧﻠﻲ ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎ و ﻗﻼﺑﻬﺎي ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻛﻪ ﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻠﮕﻲ ﻇﺮف ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﻴﺪروژن ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ و‬،‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﭘﺲ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﺟﻮش ﺑﺎ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ اﺟﺮا ﺷـﻮد‬
‫ﺟﻮش ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ روﻛﺶ اﻃﺮاف ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎ و ﻗﻼﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت‬
.‫ اﺟﺮا ﺷﻮد‬2-‫( ﻃﺒﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻒ‬P.W.H.T.) ‫ﭘﺲ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﺟﻮش‬
Welding of internal support lugs and rings to be
directly attached to the shell or head of special
hydrogen service vessel shall be performed with
full penetration prior to post weld heat treatment,
and the final weld over Layer around the support
lugs and rings shall be applied after post weld
heat treatment, (P.W.H.T) as shown in Fig. A.2.
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‫)‪IPS-E-TP-350(1‬‬
‫)‪APPENDIX A (continued‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ اﻟﻒ )اداﻣﻪ(‬
‫ورق روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ‬
‫ورق روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ‬
‫ورق روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ‬
‫ورق روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ‬
‫ورق روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ‬
‫رﺳﻮب ﻓﻠﺰ ﺟﻮش‬
‫ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ‬
‫‪man hole and large dia nozzle‬‬
‫درﻳﭽﻪ آدم رو و ﻧﺎزل ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ زﻳﺎد‬
‫ﺟﻮش ﻓﻠﺰي روﻳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ‬
‫‪ 1/6 NPT‬اﻳﻨﭻ‬
‫‪1/6 in NPT‬‬
‫‪ 1/6‬اﻳﻨﺞ‪NPT‬‬
‫ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ ﻳﺎ روﻛﺶ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺰي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻮراخ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮا‬
‫‪Weld metal‬‬
‫‪deposit‬‬
‫رﺳﻮب ﻓﻠﺰ ﺟﻮش‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻏﻼﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫رﺳﻮب ﻓﻠﺰ ﺟﻮش‬
‫ﺳﻮراخ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮا‬
‫ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻧﺎزل‬
‫‪Fig. A.1- TYPICAL DETAIL OF LINED NOZZLES AND MANHOLES‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻒ‪-1-‬ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻧﺎزل ﻫﺎو درﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي آدم رو‬
‫)‪(to be continued‬‬
‫)اداﻣﻪ دارد(‬
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‫)‪IPS-E-TP-350(1‬‬
‫)‪APPENDIX A (continued‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ اﻟﻒ )اداﻣﻪ(‬
‫)‪ (1‬روﻛﺶ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ از )‪(P.W.H.T.‬‬
‫رﺳﻮب ﮔﺬاري ﺟﻮش ﻳﺎ ورق از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻇﺮف‬
‫اوﻟﻴﻦ روﻛﺶ‬
‫روﻛﺶ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫* ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺟﻮش ﺑﻌﺪ از )‪(P.W.H.T‬‬
‫‪1) Heavy Duty Support‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﭘﺮ ﻗﺪرت‬
‫اوﻟﻴﻦ روﻛﺶ‬
‫از ﺟﻨﺲ ورق روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﻓﻠﺰي‬
‫رﺳﻮب ﺟﻮش ﺑﻌﺪاز )‪(P.W.H.T.‬‬
‫روﻛﺶ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ از )‪(P.W.H.T.‬‬
‫‪2) Light Duty Support‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻛﻢ ﻗﺪرت‬
‫‪Fig. A.2- LINED DETAILS OF INTERNAL SUPPORT‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻒ‪ 2-‬ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎت ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه داﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫* ‪ :P.W.H.T‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬
‫‪* P.W.H.T: Post Weld Heat Treatment‬‬
‫)اداﻣﻪ دارد(‬
‫)‪(to be continued‬‬
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IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬4-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.4 Fabrication
A.4.1 Welding electrodes
‫ اﻟﻜﺘﺮودﻫﺎي ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬1-4-‫اﻟﻒ‬
Welding electrodes for cladding materials shall
be used as shown in Table A.1.
‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮودﻫﺎي ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاد روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺟﺪول‬
.‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬1-‫اﻟﻒ‬
TABLE A.1 - WELDING ELECTRODES FOR CLADDING MATERIALS
‫ اﻟﻜﺘﺮودﻫﺎي ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاد روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﻓﻠﺰي‬-1-‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﻒ‬
ASME/ASTM
SPEC.
CLADDING
MATERIAL
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻮاد روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﻓﻠﺰي‬
SA 263
SA 264
Type 405 or 410S
Type 304
Type 304 L
Type 316
Type 316 L
Type 321 or 347
SA 265
B 432
UNS 04400
(Ni - Cu Alloy)
UNS C 70600
UNS C 72200
UNS C 71500
(Cu - Ni Alloy)
* AWS electrode designation xx are
15 to 16. The equivalent grade of
AWS specifications may be used.
AWS - WELDING ELECTRODE
SPECIFICATIONS *
*‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﻟﻜﺘﺮود ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬
Weld to
Base Metal
Weld with
Cladding Metal
‫ﺟﻮش ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻮش ﺑﺎ ﻓﻠﺰ روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﻓﻠﺰي‬
E 310 - xx
or
E 309 - xx
E 310 - Mo - xx
or
E 309 - Mo – xx
E 310 - xx
or
E 309 – xx
ENi Cu – 7
E 310 - xx or E 309 – xx
E 308 – xx
E 308 L – xx
E 316 – xx
E 316 L – xx
ENi Cu - 7
or
ENi - 1
Ni Cu - 7
or
E Cu Ni
E 347 – xx
ENi Cu – 7
16 ‫ ﺗــﺎ‬15 ‫ اﻋــﺪاد‬AWS ‫ در اﻧﺘﺨــﺎب اﻟﻜﺘــﺮود‬xx *
‫ ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧـﺪ‬AWS ‫ از درﺟﻪ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬.‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
135
.
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ازﺟﺪاﺷﺪن روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي‬2 -4-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.4.2 Clad disbanding prevention
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ از ﺟﺪاﺷﺪن روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺟـﻮش روﻳﻬـﻢ ﻓﻠـﺰي‬
‫ﻛــﻪ ﻣﻤﻜــﻦ اﺳــﺖ در ﺣــﻴﻦ ﺑﻬــﺮه ﺑــﺮداري از ﻇــﺮف " ﻛــﺎرﺑﺮي‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ ﻇـﺮف ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ‬،‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻫﻴﺪروژن " ﺣﺎدث ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
Preventives of weld metal overlay clad
disbanding, which may occur during, operation
of the "special hydrogen service" vessel, shall be
provided in the vessel fabrication.
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬5-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.5 Thickness
1) No corrosion allowance shall be added to
the base plate.
.‫( ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ورق ﭘﺎﻳﻪ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد‬1
2) Thickness of cladding material which is
made from integral cladding or weld metal
overlay cladding shall not be included in
design calculation of wall thickness.
‫( ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺎده ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت روﻛـﺶ ﻛـﺮدن‬2
‫ﻓﻠﺰي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﻳﺎ روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﺰي ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ دﻳـﻮار ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
3) The thickness of the integral clad and/or
weld metal overlay clad materials shall be
considered as corrosion allowance.
‫( ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺟﻮش ﻣـﻮاد روﻛـﺶ‬3
‫ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﺰي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺟﺒﺮان‬
.‫ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﻓﻠﺰي‬6-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.6 Cladding Process
A.6.1 The principle cladding techniques include
cold roll bonding, hot roll bonding, hot pressing,
explosion bonding, and extrusion bonding.
‫ اﺗـﺼﺎل‬،‫ اﺻﻮل روﺷﻬﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ روﻛـﺶ ﻛـﺎري ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬1-6-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.6.2 All the techniques involve some form of
deformation to break up surface oxides, to create
metal-to-metal contact, and to heat in order to
accelerate diffusion.
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم روﺷﻬﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ درﮔﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻜﻠﻲ از ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ‬2-6-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.6.3 The techniques differ in the amount of
deformation and heat used to form the bond and
in the method of bringing the metals into
intimate contact.
‫ روشﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻴـﺰان ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ و‬3-6-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.6.4 Cold and hot roll bonding apply primarily
to sheet (less than 5 mm. thick), but explosion
bonding is usually restricted to thicker gages (up
to several centimeters).
‫ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻧﻮرد ﺳﺮد و ﮔﺮم در درﺟﻪ اول روي ورق اﺟﺮا‬4-6-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.6.5 The material shall be free from injurious
defects, shall have a workmanlike appearance,
and shall conform to the designated finish.
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬، ‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﺎري از ﻋﻴﻮب زﻳﺎن آور ﺑﻮده‬5-6-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.6.6 Stainless chromium-nickel steel and
corrosion-resisting chromium steel plates shall
be blast-cleaned and pickled (see ASTM A 240
and IPS-C-TP-101) prior to cladding.
‫ ﻧﻴﻜـﻞ و ورقﻫـﺎي ﻓـﻮﻻدي‬- ‫ ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن ﻛـﺮم‬6-6-‫اﻟﻒ‬
،‫ اﺗـﺼﺎل اﻧﻔﺠـﺎري‬، ‫ ﭘﺮس ﻛﺎري داغ‬،‫ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻧﻮرد ﮔﺮم‬،‫ﻧﻮرد ﺳﺮد‬
.‫اﺗﺼﺎل ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﺮد ﻛﺮدن اﻛﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻤﺎس ﻓﻠـﺰي ﺑـﻪ‬
.‫ و ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ در ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﻓﻠﺰ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎي ﻣﺼﺮف ﺷـﺪه ﺑـﺮاي ﺷـﻜﻞ دادن اﺗـﺼﺎل و در روش ﻗـﺮار‬
.‫دادن ﻓﻠﺰات در ﺗﻤﺎس اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﺮق ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﻣـﺎ اﺗـﺼﺎل اﻧﻔﺠـﺎري‬،(‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬5 ‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد )ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ از‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺪازه ﻫﺎي ﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﺗﺮ )ﺗﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ( ﻣﺤـﺪود‬
.‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
.‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎن ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺮم دار ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ از روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﻓﻠـﺰي‬
ASTM A 240 ‫ )ﺑــﻪ‬.‫اﺳﻴﺪ ﺷﻮﺋﻲ و ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺎري ﺑﻼﺳﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-C-TP-101 ‫و‬
136
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
A.6.7 Nickel base alloy plate shall be furnished
in the as-rolled condition prior to cladding,
unless otherwise specified.
‫ ورق آﻟﻴﺎژ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻧـﻮرد ﺷـﺪه‬7-6-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.6.8 The welding procedure and the welders or
welding operators shall be qualified in
accordance with Section IX part 1 to 5 of the
ASME Code.
‫ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري و ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎرﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ اوﭘﺮاﺗﻮرﻫﺎي‬8-6-‫اﻟﻒ‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ آن ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ دﻳﮕﺮي‬،‫ﻗﺒﻞ از روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﻓﻠﺰي ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺗـﺎ‬1 ‫ ﺑﺨـﺶ‬IX ‫ﺟﻮش ﻛﺎري واﺟﺪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ASME ‫ از آﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬5
‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬9-6-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.6.9 Heat-Treatment
A.6.9.1 Unless otherwise specified or a greed
upon between the Purchaser and the
manufacturer, all clad plates shall be furnished
in the normalized or tempered condition or both.
For example all austenitic stainless steel clad
plates shall be given a heat treatment consisting
of heating to the proper temperature for
dissolving of the chromium carbides in the
cladding followed by individual air cooling. For
base metals of air-hardening low-alloy steels the
above heat treatment shall be followed by a
tempering treatment.
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ دﻳﮕﺮي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ در راﺑﻄﻪ‬1-9-6-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.6.9.2 When plates over 25 mm in thickness
are to be cold formed, the Purchaser may may
specify that such plate be heat treated for grain
refinement of the base metal.
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘــﺮ‬25 ‫ زﻣــﺎﻧﻲ ﻛــﻪ ورق ﻫــﺎي ﺑــﻴﺶ از‬2-9-6-‫اﻟــﻒ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار و ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ورق ﻫﺎي روﻛﺶ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺰي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎزﭘﺨﺖ ﺷـﺪه ﻳـﺎ ﻫـﺮ دو ﻓـﺮاﻫﻢ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ورقﻫﺎي روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن آﺳﺘﻨﻴﺘﻲ‬.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن ﺗـﺎ دﻣـﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﺮاي‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪن ﻛﺎرﺑﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﻛﺮم در روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﻓﻠﺰي و ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒـﺎل آن‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻠﺰات ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬.‫ﺳﺮد ﻛﺮدن ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﻮا ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺠﺰا اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗـﻲ‬،‫از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻮﻻدﻫﺎي ﻛﻢ آﻟﻴﺎژ ﻫﻮا ﺳـﺨﺖ ﺷـﻮ‬
.‫ﻓﻮق ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺑﺎز ﭘﺨﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
‫ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ اﺳـﺖ‬،‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ روﺷﻲ ﺳﺮد ﺷﻜﻞ دﻫﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻈﻢ دﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ داﻧﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪي ﻓﻠـﺰ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ ﭼﻨـﻴﻦ ورﻗـﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت‬
.‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﻓﻠﺰي‬7-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.7 Repair of Cladding
Unless otherwise specified the material
manufacturer may repair defects in cladding by
welding Provided the following requirements are
met:
‫ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ‬،‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ دﻳﮕﺮي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺖ ﻋﻴﻮب روﻛـﺶ ﻛـﺎري ﻓﻠـﺰي را از ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺟﻮﺷـﻜﺎري رﻓـﻊ‬
:‫ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺎري اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
A.7.1 Prior approval is obtained from the
Purchaser if the repaired area exceeds 3 percent
of the cladding surface.
‫ درﺻﺪ ﺳـﻄﺢ‬3 ‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻴﺶ از‬1-7-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.7.2 The defective area is removed and the area
prepared for repair is examined by a magnetic
particle method (see A.8.3) or a liquid penetrate
method (see A.8.4) to insure all defective area
has been removed. Method of test and
acceptance standard shall be agreed upon by the
Purchaser and the manufacturer.
‫ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﻌﻴﻮب ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪه و آﻣﺎده ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ روش‬2-7-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.7.3 The weld will be deposited in a suitable
manner so as to leave its surface condition
equivalent in corrosion resistance to the alloy
cladding.
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛـﻪ‬،‫ ﺟﻮش ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬3-7-‫اﻟﻒ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻼً ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪﻳﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮد‬،‫روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد( ﻳﺎ روش ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺎﻓـﺬ‬3-8-‫ذرات ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ )ﺑﻪ اﻟﻒ‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد( آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ اﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎن ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ‬4-8-‫)ﺑــﻪ اﻟﻒ‬
‫ روش آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ و‬.‫ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﻌﻴﻮب ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﻗﺒﻮل اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار و ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ آﻟﻴـﺎژ روﻛـﺶ ﻛـﺎري‬
.‫ﻓﻠﺰي ﻳﻜﺴﺎن ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮ ﺷـﺪه ﺑـﺎ روش ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺎﻓـﺬ آزﻣـﺎﻳﺶ‬4-7-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.7.4 The repaired area is examined by a liquid
penetrate method (see A.8.4).
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬4-8-‫ )ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ اﻟﻒ‬.‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
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A.7.5 The location and extent of the weld repairs
together with the repair procedure and
examination results are transmitted as a part of
certification.
‫ ﻣﺤـﻞ و وﺳـﻌﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮات ﺟـﻮش ﺑـﺎ ﻳﻜـﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑـﺎ‬5-7-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.7.6 All repairs in CRA 1) type 410, or repair
penetrating into the base steel shall be stress
relieved(2) to eliminate residual stresses.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﺬف ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﭘﺲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮات در‬6-7-‫اﻟﻒ‬
‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮ و ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺑــــﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﺑﺨـﺸﻲ از‬
.‫ﮔﻮاﻫﻲ ﻧــﺎﻣــﻪ ﻛﺎر اراﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ در ﻓـﻮﻻد‬،‫ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﺟـﻮش در ﻫﻨﮕـﺎم ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮ‬410 ‫ ﻧﻮع‬CRA(1)
.‫( ﺷﻮد‬2)‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻨﺶ زداﺋﻲ‬
: ‫ﻳﺎدآوري ﻫﺎ‬
Notes:
.‫( ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ آﻟﻴﺎژ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ‬1
‫ ﺑﻨـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻘﺎﺿـﺎي‬،‫( ﺑﺮاي روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧـﮓ ﻧـﺰن‬2
‫ ورق ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬،‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎزرس ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬
.‫و ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدد‬
1) Corrosion Resistance Alloy Nickel.
2) For stainless steel clad, at the request of
the Purchaser or his inspector, plates shall be
preheat treated following repair by welding.
‫ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ و روش ﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8 Inspection and Test Methods
‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬1-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.1 Scope of inspection and testing
.‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬2-‫ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺟﺪول اﻟﻒ‬
The inspection and testing shall be shown in
accordance with Table A.2.
‫ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﻣﻮاد‬2-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.2 Material inspection
‫ﻣﻮاد ورق روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻇﺮوف ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﺷﻌﻪ ﻣﺎوراء ﺻﻮت ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﻣﻮاج‬ASME SA 578 ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ‬
‫ﻣــﺎوراء ﺻــﻮت ﺑــﺮاي ورقﻫــﺎي روﻛــﺶ ﻓــﻮﻻدي و ﺳــﺎده ﺑــﺮاي‬
S6 ‫ و ﺳﻄﺢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻃﺒـﻖ اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬،‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ در اﻣﺘـﺪاد‬75 ‫ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻋﺮض ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ از‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻟﺒﻪ ﺑﺮش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون ﻋﻴﻮب ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
The materials of integral clad plate to be used for
vessels shall be inspected by ultrasonic
examination so as to check the quality of the
bonding in accordance with ASME SA 578
"Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Plain
and Clad Steel Plates for Special Applications,
and the acceptance level shall be S6 as specified
in the Standard. However the band having a
width not less than 75 mm along with cut edge
shall have no defects.
(MT) ‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﻮش ﺑﻪ روش ذرات ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬3-8- ‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.3 Magnetic particle examination (MT)
‫ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻇـﺮوف در "ﻛـﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺨـﺼﻮص‬1-3-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.3.1 In case of vessels in "special hydrogen
service", the entire surface of the build-up
weldment and weld deposit for heavy duty
support as shown in Fig. A.2 shall be checked by
magnetic particle examination before placement
of first layer of weld metal overlay cladding, to
confirm that no cracks or other defects exist.
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳـﻄﻮح داراي ﺗﺠﻤـﻊ ﺟـﻮش و ﺟـﻮش‬،‫ﻫﻴﺪروژن" ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬2-‫رﺳﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ي ﭘﺮﻗﺪرت ﻃﺒﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻒ‬
‫از اﻧﺠﺎم اوﻟﻴﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ از روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬـﻢ ﻓﻠـﺰي ﺑـﺮاي‬
‫اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن از ﻋﺪم وﺟـﻮد ﺗـﺮكﻫـﺎ ﻳـﺎ ﻋﻴـﻮب دﻳﮕـﺮ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬
.‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ذرات ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﻮد‬
‫ در‬6 ‫ ﻃﺒﻖ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬MT‫ روش ذرات ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬2-3-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.3.2 The method of MT is in accordance with
Appendix 6 in ASME Code Sect. VIII Div. 1.
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬1 ‫ ﺑﺨﺶ‬، VIII ‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ASME‫آﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
(PT)‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺎﻓﺬ‬4-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.4 Liquid penetrate examination (PT)
‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺎﻓﺬ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻃﺒـﻖ ﻣـﻮارد زﻳـﺮ ﺑـﺮاي‬1-4-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.4.1 Liquid penetrate examination shall be
performed at the following portions of
weldments to check that no cracks or other
defects exist.
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻳﻲ از ﺟﻮشﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺗﺮك ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻴﻮب‬
.‫دﻳﮕﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
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‫اﻟﻒ( ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬـﻢ ﻓﻠـﺰي ﻧﻬـﺎﺋﻲ و‬
a) All final weld metal overlay surfaces and final
layer of groove welds for clad plate after
PWHT*.
‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ از ﺟﻮش ﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﺎري و ﺑﺮاي ورق روﻛـﺶ ﻓﻠـﺰي‬
*P.W.H.T ‫ﺑﻌﺪ از‬
b) All final welds of internal attachments on the
weld metal overlay or clad metal.
‫ب ( ﺗﻤﺎم ﺟﻮش ﻫﺎي ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺿﻤﺎﻳﻢ داﺧﻠﻲ روي ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ ﻳﺎ‬
A.8.4.2 The method of PT in accordance with
Appendix 8 in ASME Code Sect. VIII Div. 1.
‫ در آﺋــﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣــﻪ‬8 ‫( ﻃﺒــﻖ ﭘﻴﻮﺳــﺖ‬PT) ‫ روش‬2-4-8- ‫اﻟــﻒ‬
.‫روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي‬
.1 ‫ ﺑﺨﺶ‬، VIII ‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ASME
‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎوراء ﺻﻮت‬5-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.5 Ultrasonic Examination
‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎوراء ﺻﻮت ﺑﺮاي روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠـﺰي ﻇـﺮف‬1-5-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.5.1 Ultrasonic examination for clad vessel in
general service shall be performed as follows:
:‫در ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ زﻳﺮ اﺟﺮا ﺷﻮد‬
‫اﻟﻒ(ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ورق روﻛـﺶ‬
a) All surfaces of integrally bonded clad plate
after cold forming when the resulting extreme
fiber elongation is more than 5% from asrolled condition and all hot forming shall be
examined to detect gross lack of bonding.
‫ زﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬،‫ﻓﻠﺰي ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺷـﻜﻞ دﻫـﻲ ﺳـﺮد‬
‫ درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬5 ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬،‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﻮرد و ﺷﻜﻞ دﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﮔـﺮم داﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‬
.‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ و ﻋﺪم ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ اﺗﺼﺎل‬
b) All overlay weld deposit including butt
joint of clad plate shall be examined to detect
gross lack of fusion.
‫ب ( ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻮش ﻫﺎي روﻳﻬﻢ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑـﻪ اﻧـﻀﻤﺎم اﺗـﺼﺎل‬
c) The acceptance level shall be S6 shown in
ASME SA 578.
ASME SA ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛـﻪ در‬S6 ‫ج ( ﺳﻄﺢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻟﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺐ ورق روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﺪم ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﮕﻲ ذوب‬
.‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬578
‫ ﺑﺮاي روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻇﺮوف " ﻛـﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺨـﺼﻮص‬2-5-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.5.2 For clad vessels in "Special Hydrogen
Service", ultrasonic examination shall be
performed as follows:
:‫ﻫﻴﺪروژن" آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎوراء ﺻﻮت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ زﻳﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
‫ و‬،‫اﻟﻒ( ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﺑـﺎ ﺟـﻮش روﻳﻬـﻢ ﻓﻠـﺰي‬
a) All surfaces of weld metal overlay
cladding and all weld metal overlay deposits
of butt joints shall be examined from the
counter side of the clad surface in accordance
with the requirements of Para T-543 in
ASME Code Section V, Article 5. after
"PWHT". The acceptance standard shall be as
follows:
‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎي ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻟﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ‬
V ‫ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ‬ASME ‫ در آﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣـﻪ‬T-543 ‫اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﭘﺎراﮔﺮاف‬
‫( از ﻃــﺮف ﻣﻌﻜــﻮس آزﻣــﺎﻳﺶ‬P.W.H.T.) ‫ ﺑﻌــﺪ از‬5 ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟــﻪ‬
:‫ ﻗﺒﻮل اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
- No imperfection interpreted to be cracks, or
lack of bond.
.‫ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻘﺼﻲ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺮك ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪم اﺗﺼﺎل ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬-
- No indication exceeding 40% of the
reference level by Cathode Ray Tube (CRT).
‫ درﺻـﺪ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻣﺮﺟـﻊ ﻻﻣـﭗ‬40 ‫ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ اي ﺑﻴﺶ از‬.(CRT) ‫اﺷﻌﻪ ﻛﺎﺗﺪي ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
(CRT) ‫ درﺻﺪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬40 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬20 ‫ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ‬25 ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﻮد و زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ داراي ﻃﻮل ﺣـﺪاﻛﺜﺮ از‬
،‫ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﭘﺲ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﺟﻮش‬،‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ دﺳـﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
.‫ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺟﻮش ﻛﺎري ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
- Indications of amplitude 20 thru 40% by
CRT shall be recorded, when the indication
has the maximum length of 25 mm and over
before post weld heat treatment, the defect
portion shall be repaired in accordance with
the
approved
welding
procedure
specification.
b) The entire surface of weld build-up and
weld deposit for heavy duty support as
‫ب ( ﺗﻤــﺎم ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺗﺠﻤــﻊ ﺟــﻮش و رﺳــﻮب ﺟــﻮش ﺑــﺮاي‬
‫( ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺟﻬـﺖ‬1) 2-‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ي ﭘﺮ ﻗﺪرت ﻃﺒﻖ ﺷـﻜﻞ اﻟـﻒ‬
139
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
shown in Fig. A.2(1) shall be examined to
detect any lack of fusion. The acceptance
level shall be level I in ASME SA 578.
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬.‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﺪم ﻧﻔﻮذ ﺟﻮش آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ASME SA 578 ‫ در‬I ‫ﻗﺒﻮل ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻓﺎز ﻓﺮﻳﺖ‬6-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.6 Ferrite check
A.8.6.1 Austenitic stainless steel weld metal
overlay cladding shall be subject to a ferrite
check. The ferrite content of the weldment at 1.5
mm from the surface of the overlay as shown in
Fig. A.3, shall be limited within 3 to 10% value
of the Schaeffler diagram. Where inert gas
shielded welding process is employed, the De
Long Diagram and the nitrogen analysis
evaluation shall be applied.
‫ روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ ﻓﻠـﺰي ﻓـﻮﻻد زﻧـﮓ‬1-6-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.6.2 A ferrite check shall be performed for
each overlay welding procedure.
‫ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻓﺎز ﻓﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺮاي ﻫـﺮ دﺳـﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬2-6-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.6.3 The ferrite check sample may be made
from test pieces.
‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻓﺎز ﻓﺮﻳﺖ را ﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮان از ﻗﻄﻌـﺎت‬3-6-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
‫ ﻣﻴـﺰان‬.‫ﻧﺰن آﺳﺘﻨﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻓﺎز ﻓﺮﻳﺖ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ روﻳﻬـﻢ ﻛـﻪ در ﺷـﻜﻞ‬1/5 ‫ﻓﺮﻳﺖ در ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬
‫ درﺻـﺪ ﻣﻘـﺪار ﻧﻤـﻮدار‬10 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬3 ‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ‬3-‫اﻟﻒ‬
‫ در ﺻـﻮرت ﺑﻜـﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﻓﺮآﻳﻨـﺪ ﺟﻮﺷـﻜﺎري‬.‫ﺷﻔﻠﺮ ﻣﺤـﺪود ﺷـﻮد‬
‫ و ارزﻳـﺎﺑﻲ‬De Long ‫ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻧﻤـﻮدار‬،‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎز ﺑﻲ اﺛـﺮ‬
.‫ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن اﺟﺮا ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺟﻮش ﻛﺎري روﻳﻬﻢ اﺟﺮا ﺷﻮد‬
.‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬7-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.7 Chemical analysis
-‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ‬1-7-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.7.1 Chemical analysis of weld metal overlay
shall be performed by taking samples from 1.5
mm in depth from the surface as shown in Fig.
A.3, to assure that the chemical composition
conforms to the requirements of the applicable
material specification in ASME Section II Part
C.

‫ ﻧـﺸﺎن‬3-‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮي ﻋﻤﻖ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻒ‬1/5 ‫ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از‬
‫داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ از ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑـﺎ‬
ASME ‫اﻟﺰاﻣـﺎت ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎت ﻣـﻮاد ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ اﻋﻤـﺎل در آﺋـﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣـﻪ‬
.‫ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺷﺪ‬C ‫ ﺑﺨﺶ‬، II ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬
P.W.H.T. : Post Weld Heat Treatment.

A.8.7.2 Such analysis need not be performed on
those of monel metal and copper alloy.
‫ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻴﺎز ﻧﻴـﺴﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮ روي ﻓﻠـﺰ‬2-7-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.7.3 A chemical analysis shall be performed
for each overlay welding procedure.
‫ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺮاي ﻫـﺮ دﺳـﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬3-7-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.7.4 The chemical analysis sample may be
made from test coupons.
‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﻳـﻪ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ را ﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮان از‬4-7-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.8.7.5 Chemical analysis shall be in accordance
with applicable ASTM Methods.
‫ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ روش ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬5-7-8-‫اﻟﻒ‬
.‫ﻣﻮﻧﻞ و آﻟﻴﺎژ ﻣﺲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري روﻳﻬﻢ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻛﻮﭘﻦﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ASTM ‫اﻋﻤﺎل در‬
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Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE A.2 - SCOPE OF INSPECTION AND TESTING
‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬2 - ‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﻒ‬
INSPECTION ITEMS
DIVISION
OF WORK
‫ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺎر‬
1. Material Inspection
‫ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﻣﻮاد‬-1
2. Welding Inspection
‫ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﺟﻮش ﻛﺎري‬-2
2.1 Magnetic Particles Examination For weld build-up and weld
deposit of heavy duty support for special hydrogen service vessel
ACCORDING TO
TEST METHOD OF
‫ﻃﺒﻖ روش آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
PR
MFR
R
Tr & S
A.8.2
W/R
Tr & S
A.8.3
W/R
W/R
W/R
Tr & S
Tr & S
Tr & S
A.8.4
R
Tr & S
A.8.5
W/R
Tr & S
W/R
Tr & S
R
Tr & S
A.8.6
R
Tr & S
A.8.7
R
Tr & S
A.8.8
‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ذرات ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺟﻮش و رﺳﻮب ﺟﻮش ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﭘﺮ‬1-2
‫ﻗﺪرت ﻇﺮف ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﻴﺪروژن‬
2.2 Liquid Penetrate Examination
‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺎﻓﺬ‬2-2
2.2.1 Weld overlay and groove weld
‫ ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ و ﺟﻮش ﺷﻴﺎري‬1-2-2
2.2.2 Internal attachment weld on the weld overlay or clad metal
‫ ﺟﻮش ﺿﻤﺎﺋﻢ داﺧﻠﻲ روي ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ ﻳﺎ روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي‬2-2-2
2.2.3 Entire weld surface of final layer and gasket seating surface
‫ ﺟﻮش ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ و ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻦ واﺷﺮ‬3-2-2
2.3 Ultrasonic Examination
‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎوراء ﺻﻮت‬3-2
2.3.1 For cladding of general service vessel
‫ ﺑﺮاي روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﻓﻠﺰي ﻇﺮف ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-3-2
2.3.2 For cladding of special hydrogen service vessel
‫ ﺑﺮاي روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﻓﻠﺰي ﻇﺮف ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﻴﺪروژن‬2-3-2
2.3.3 For weld build-up and weld deposit for heavy duty support
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺟﻮش و ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻮش ﺑﺮاي ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ي ﭘﺮ ﻗﺪرت‬3-3-2
2.4 Ferrite check for austenitic stainless steel weld overlay
‫ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻓﺎز ﻓﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن آﺳﺘﻨﺘﻲ‬4-2
2.5 Chemical Analysis for Weld Overlay
‫ آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ‬5-2
3. Inspection for Completed Vessel
‫ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ از ﻇﺮف ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه‬-3
3.1 Leak Test for Weld of Pipe Sleeve
‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺟﻮش ﻏﻼف ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬1-3
Abbreviation
:‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎرات‬
‫ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬:PR
‫ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬:MFR
PR: The Purchaser
MFR: The manufacturer
R: Verify by reviewing the manufacturer’s
inspection/testing record
W: Witness inspection/testing
‫ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ اﺳﻨﺎد ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه و ﮔﺰارش آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬:R
‫ ﺷﺎﻫﺪان ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬:W
Tr: Manufacturer’s own inspection/testing with the
record to be prepared
T: Manufacturer’s own inspection/testing
‫ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﮔﺰارﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬:Tr
S: Submission of manufacturer’s inspection/ testing
record
‫ اراﻳﻪ ﻣﺪارك ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬:S
‫ ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬:T
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‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫آﻟﻴﺎژ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺟﻮش‬
‫روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﻓﻠﺰي روﻳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺰ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
‫‪Fig. A.3- SAMPLE FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻒ‪ 3-‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻒ‪ 8-8-‬آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﻮا‬
‫‪A.8.8 Air test‬‬
‫اﻟﻒ‪ 1-8-8-‬آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﻮا در ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎي ﻏﻼف ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫‪A.8.8.1 Air test for the weld of pipe sleeves shall‬‬
‫‪be performed before P.W.H.T. (1) where it is to‬‬
‫‪be conducted.‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ از )‪ P.W.H.T. (1‬ﺟﺎﺋﻴﻜﻪ ﻗﺮار اﺳﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻒ‪ 2-8-8-‬ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪A.8.8.2 No leak shall be permitted.‬‬
‫ﻳﺎدآوري‪:‬‬
‫‪Note:‬‬
‫‪ P.W.H.T. (1‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬
‫‪1) PWHT: Post Weld Heat Treatment.‬‬
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‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ب‬
APPENDIX B
*
CLADDING OF PIPELINE (WITH CRA)*
(CRA ‫روﻛﺶ ﻛﺎري ﻓﻠﺰي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )ﺑﺎ‬
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-‫ب‬
B.1 General
‫ روي ﺳـﻄﺢ‬CRA ‫روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫داﺧﻞ و ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻦ روي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻴﺮون ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ )ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﺪول‬
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬1-‫ب‬
‫ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳـــﻪ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜـﻲ آزﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﻫـﺎ و‬CRA ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬
‫ ﻃﺒﻖ آزﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎت‬،‫ﺑــﻪ ﻛﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﺮﺑﻦ آزﻣــﺎﻳﺶ در ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
ASTM ‫ و‬ASTM A262E, ASTM G28 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
‫ آزﻣـﻮن‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻫـــﺎي ﺣﻔﺮه اي ﺑﻴﻦ داﻧﻪ اي‬G48
.‫ اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﻓﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬
- Clad pipe consists of a composite material with
CRA on the inside and carbon steel on the
outside (see Table B1).
- CRA selection is based on a battery of tests
using in-service coupon testing, ASTM G 28,
ASTM A 262 E and ASTM G 48 tests for
intergranular corrosion pitting, crevice
corrosion testing, etc.
-
-
‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬2-‫ب‬
B.2 Pipe
‫ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺷـﻜﻞ ﮔﻴـﺮي ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮر ﻋـﺎدي ﻣـﺸﺨﺺ‬‫ اﻣﺎ روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺪون درز ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﭘﻴﻮﻧـﺪ‬،‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ اﻧﻔﺠﺎري ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬، ‫ﻣﺘﺎﻟﻮرژي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺸﺎر ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن‬
.‫داﺧﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ رﻳﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠـﺰي ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮردﮔﻲ ﻣﺠـﺎز و‬‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻴﺮوﻧـﻲ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ از ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﻓـﺸﺎر و ﻣﻼﺣﻈـﺎت‬
.‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
- The commonly used processes for pipe are
forming but seamless clad pipe is generally
made by metallurgical bonding using coextrusion, explosion bonding of the liner or
centrifugal casting.
- Clad thickness should be considered as
corrosion allowance and thickness of the
outer pipe is calculated from pressure and
mechanical considerations.
‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬3-‫ب‬
B.3 Fittings
‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت دو ﻓﻠﺰي را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ دﻫﻲ روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﻳﺎ ورق‬
‫روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي اﻛـﺴﺘﺮوژن ﮔـﺮم‬
.‫اﻳﺠﺎد ﻛﺮد‬
‫ ﻣـﻮرد ﻋﻼﻗـﻪ ﺳـﺎزﻧﺪﮔﺎن‬،‫اﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﺒﻮدن ﺗﻌـﺪاد‬
‫ ﺟﻮش روﻳﻬﻢ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨـﻲ‬،‫ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻳﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬.‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت دﺳﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ راه ﻣﻄﻠـﻮب ﺧﻮاﻫـﺪ‬
،‫ ﺑﺮاي اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪه از روﻛـﺶ ﻓﻠـﺰي ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻳـﺎ ورق‬.‫ﺑﻮد‬
‫ در‬.‫ﻫﻤﺎن اﻟﺰاﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎل ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻮش دﺳﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري اﻟﻜﺘﺮود ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ دﻳـﻮار و‬،‫ ﺑﻌﻼوه‬.‫ﺑﻴﺮون ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫رواداري روي دﻳﻮار ﺑﻴﺮوﻧـﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﻳﻜـﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻤﺨـﻮاﻧﻲ داﺷـﺘﻪ‬
‫ در ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺮاي داﺷﺘﻦ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮشﻫﺎي‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
ً‫ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻ‬.‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دو ﭘﺎس روﻳﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬، ‫روﻳﻬﻢ‬
‫دو ﭘﺎس ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎي روﻳﻬﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اﺗﺼﺎل را ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺟﻤـﻊ‬
.‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻟــﻮﻟــﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي رﻓﻊ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺨﺮوﻃـﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺮدن اﻧﺘﻬﺎي اﺗﺼﺎﻻت از ﻫﻢ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺷﺪن ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎي ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ‬
‫ ﻫﺪف از اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎر اﻳﺠـﺎد اﻧﺤﻨـﺎء در داﺧـﻞ دﻳـﻮار‬.‫ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ دﻟﻴﻞ‬،‫ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ و ﻧﻪ اﻳﺠﺎد اﻧﺤﻨﺎء روي ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ روﻛﺶ ﺑﻮده‬
Bimetallic fittings can be produced by forming
from clad pipe or clad plate using closed die
forming or hot extrusion processes.
But generally the quantities are not enough to
interest the manufacturer. In such a situation,
manual/automatic weld overlay on a standard
carbon steel fitting is the viable route. For fittings
made from clad pipe or plate, the same
requirements as applied to the pipe can be used.
However,
for
manual/automatic
weld,
compatibility of the weld material with pipe outer
material must be considered. Additionally, the
wall thickness and tolerances on the outer wall
have to be matched. Further, to get good uniform
coverage with weld overlays, a minimum two
passes of overlay should be specified. The
deposits with two overlays generally make the
total thickness of the fitting more than the total
thickness of the pipe.
This problem can be pre-empted by specifying
inside taper on the end of fittings to ensure proper
match to the pipe beveled end. The intent is to
taper the inside of the outer wall and not build a
taper on the overlay thickness because that
143
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
reduces the corrosion resistance and consequently
the life of the fitting (see Fig. B.1).
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬1-‫ﻋﻤﺮ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد )ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ب‬
‫ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ‬4-‫ب‬
B.4 Flanges
‫ ﺳـﻄﻮح‬،‫ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم روﻛﺶ روﻳﻬـﻢ ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ روي ﭘﻴـﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻠـﻨﺞ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم روﻛﺶ روﻳﻬﻢ ﺑﺪون‬.‫ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
1/58 ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ را ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان‬،‫ﺿﻌﻒ روي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ‬
To obtain a proper overlay on a flange face, the
raised face of the flange shall be machined off.
To achieve a dilution-free overlay on the raised
face, undercut the fvange face by 1.58 mm (1/16
in.)minimum. After machining the flange face,
overlay of the inside and face of the flange shall
be conducted in the same way as for the fittings.
Finally, the proper gasket seating flange finish
shall be prepared by re-machining the flange
face (see Fig. B.2).
‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ از ﻣﺎﺷـﻴﻦ ﻛـﺎري‬.‫ اﻳﻨﭻ( از زﻳﺮ ﺑـﺮش دﻫﻴـﺪ‬1 ) ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
16
‫ روﻛﺶ روﻳﻬﻢ داﺧﻞ و ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻠـﻨﺞ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﺎن‬،‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ‬
‫ در ﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺖ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺎﺷـﻴﻦ‬.‫روش اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي اﺗﺼﺎﻻت اﺟﺮا ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻛﺎري ﻣﺠﺪد ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎه واﺷﺮ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮر‬
.(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬2-‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد )ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ب‬
‫ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻓﻠﻜﻪ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ‬5-‫ب‬
B.5 Ball Valves
‫اﻋﻤﺎل روﻛﺶ روﻳﻬﻢ روي ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺷﻴﺮ ﻓﻠﻜﻪ ﺗـﻮﭘﻲ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻲ در ﻛﻼس ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ و ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً اﻧﺪازه ﻫﺎي ﺑـﻴﺶ‬
‫ روﻛﺶ روﻳﻬﻢ ﻓـﻮﻻد زﻧـﮓ ﻧـﺰن‬.‫ اﻳﻨﭻ( اﺳﺖ‬4) ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬100 ‫از‬
‫ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ‬825 ‫ اﻳﻨﻜﻮﻧﻞ‬،‫ ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن دو ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬،316
،‫ در ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ روﻛﺶ روﻳﻬﻢ ﺷﻮد‬.‫اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺳـﭙﺲ ﻣـﻮاد‬،‫در درﺟﻪ اول ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از اﻧﺪازه ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه‬
‫ در ﺻـﻮرت ﻧﻴـﺎز‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ از روﻛﺶ ﻛﺮدن‬.‫روﻛﺶ روﻳﻬﻢ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﭘﺲ ﮔﺮﻣﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد ﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﺷـﻴﻦ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫روﻛﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻮده ﺗـﺎ ﻣـﺎﻧﻌﻲ ﻣـﻮﺛﺮ در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ‬
‫ اﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﺎزك ﺑـﻮده ﺗـﺎ‬،‫ﺳﺎﻳﺶ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋـﻼوه‬. ‫روي ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫﺎي آﻟﻴﺎژي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﻣﻘﺮون ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫زﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ روﻛﺶ روﻳﻬﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺷﺪن ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣـﻮاد روﻛـﺶ‬
.‫روﻳﻬﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
applying overlay on the wetted parts of ball
valves is a viable alternative at higher pressure
classes and usually sizes larger than 100 mm (4
in). Overlay of 316 stainless steel, duplex
stainless steel, inconel 825, etc., have been
successfully applied. The valve bodies to be
overlaid are first machined over size then
overlay material is applied. After overlaying,
heat treatment as required is carried out and then
surfaces are machined to their finished
dimension. The overlay shall be thick enough to
provide as effective erosion barrier, but at the
same time thin enough to be economical over
solid alloy valves. Additionally, while deciding
on thickness overlay the possibility of dilusion
of carbon steel into the surface of overlay
material shall also be considered.
‫ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﻴﺮﻓﻠﻜﻪ ﻫﺎ‬6-‫ب‬
B.6 Other Valves
،‫ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻴﺮﻓﻠﻜﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛـﺸﻮﻳﻲ‬
.‫ روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻧـﺸﺪه اﺳـﺖ‬،‫ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻲ و ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮﺣﺎل ﺷﻴﺮ ﻓﻠﻜﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺪود ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﻮع ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺰ و ﻛﺸﻮﻳﻲ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺠﺮا ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ روﻛﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷـﺪه‬
.‫اﻧﺪ‬
‫ آﻟﻴﺎژ ﻫﺎي )ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ( ﻣﻘﺎوم در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬CRA *
Most commonly used valves such as gate, globe
and checks have not yet been made in clad
construction. However, special oil field-type.
Choke valves and through conduit gate valves
have been manufactured in clad construction.
* CRA: Corrosion Resistant Alloys (Nickel
Base)
‫ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري‬7-‫ب‬
B.7 Welding
‫ در ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻳﻜـﻲ از ﻣﻌـﻀﻼت اﻳﺠـﺎد‬CRA ‫رﻗّﺖ ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ و‬
‫ ﺟﻮﺷـﻜﺎري‬.‫ﺗﺮك و ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﺧـﻮردﮔﻲ اﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ روﻛـﺶ ﻓﻠـﺰي ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ از ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻓﻠـﺰ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ و‬
.‫ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﻟﻜﺘﺮودﻫﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﻴـﺮد‬CRA ‫اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻣﻮاد‬
Dilution of carbon steel and CRA into each other
is a major problem resulting in crack formation
potential and lowered corrosion resistance.
Welding clad piping systems must be take into
consideration the base material and the CRA
material requirements in the selection of
144
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
electrodes. It is essential to provide a weld
deposit that will match the strength of base
material (in this case CRA) and be compatible
with welding onto CRA material. It is good
practice to specify a minimum of two passes for
overlay. The filler material for carbon steel outer
pipe can be steel weld. The weld procedure
specification, procedure qualification and welder
qualifications shall clearly specify the
requirements for chemistry of material, shield
gas composition, preheat, interpass parameters,
hardness testing requirements in overlay, heat
affected zone and base metal liquid penetrant
examination, ultrasonic examination, mechanical
properties, impact testing, micro and macro
structure examination, etc. The procedure shall
also address the question of coupons for testing.
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
‫ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﺟﻮﺷﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﻲ‬
CRA ‫( و ﺑـﺎ ﺟﻮﺷـﻜﺎري روي ﻣـﻮاد‬CRA ‫داﺷﺘﻪ )در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬
‫ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬.‫ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑـﺮاي‬.‫دو ﭘﺎس ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎري ﺑﺮاي روﻛﺶ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎت‬.‫ﺑﻴﺮون ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﻮش ﻓﻮﻻد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ و ﺗﻮاﻧـﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﻮﺷـﻜﺎران‬،‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﻮش‬
‫ ﭘـﻴﺶ‬،‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﮔﺎز ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﻮر وﺿﻮح اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﻮاد‬
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣــﺎت آزﻣــﺎﻳﺶ ﺳــﺨﺘﻲ در‬، ‫ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫــﺎي ﭘــﺎس ﻣﻴــﺎﻧﻲ‬،‫ﮔــﺮم‬
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺣﺮارت و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺎﻓـﺬ در ﻓﻠـﺰ‬،‫روﻛﺶ‬
،‫ آزﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺿـﺮﺑﻪ‬،‫ ﺧـﻮاص ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬،‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎوراء ﺻـﻮت‬،‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
.‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﻴﻜـﺮو و ﻣـﺎﻛﺮو ﻓﻠـﺰ و ﻏﻴـﺮه ﻣـﺸﺨﺺ ﺷـﻮد‬
‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮاﺑﮕﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺌﻮال ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺑـﺮاي‬
.‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
TABLE B.1 - COMMONLY USED OUTER AND INNER LAYERS
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺮوﻧﻲ و داﺧﻠﻲ‬1-‫ﺟﺪول ب‬
OUTER PIPE
INNER CRA LINER PIPE
‫ﺑﻴﺮون ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫آﻟﻴﺎژ داﺧﻠﻲ روﻛﺶ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
Super austentic stainless steel 904
904 ‫ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن ﺳﻮﭘﺮآﺳﺘﻨﻴﺘﻲ‬
ASTM A 106 Gr. B
API 5L Gr. B
API 5LX Gr. 42
API 5LX Gr. 60
ASTM A 516 Gr. 60/65
Duplex stainless steel 2205
Alloy 625
‫ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن دو ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫آﻟﻴﺎژ‬
Alloy 825
‫آﻟﻴﺎژ‬
Alloy B-2
‫آﻟﻴﺎژ‬
Alloy C-276
‫آﻟﻴﺎز‬
Monel 400
‫ﻣﻮﻧﻞ‬
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‫روﻳﻬﻢ‬
Fig. B.1- OVERLAID ELBOW CROSS-SECTION
‫ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ زاﻧﻮﻳﻲ روﻛﺶ ﺷﺪه‬1-‫ﺷﻜﻞ ب‬
‫روﻳﻬﻢ‬
Fig. B.2- OVERLAID FLANGE CROSS-SECTION
‫ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ روﻳﻬﻢ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬2-‫ﺷﻜﻞ ب‬
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APPENDIX C
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ج‬
EFFECT OF LINING MATERIALS ON
WATER QUALITY
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ آب‬
When used under the conditions for which they
are designed, materials in contact with or likely
to come into contact with potable water shall not
constitute a toxic hazard, shall not support
microbial growth and shall not give rise to
unpleasant taste or odor, cloudiness or
discoloration of the water.
‫وﻗﺘﻲ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﺑﺮاي آﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣـﻲ ﺷـﺪهاﻧـﺪ ﺑﻜـﺎر‬
‫ در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﻳﺎ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ آب آﺷﺎﻣﻴﺪﻧﻲ ﻗـﺮار‬،‫ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ رﺷﺪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوب‬،‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻤﻲ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك‬،‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻲ رﻧﮓ ﺷﺪن آب ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ ﻛﺪر‬،‫و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺪﺑﻮ و ﻣﺰه ﺷﺪن‬
Concentrations of substances, chemicals and
biological agents leached from materials in contact
with potable water, and measurements of the
relevant organoleptic/physical parameters shall not
exceed the maximum values recommended by the
world health organization in its publication
"Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality" Vol. 1
"Recommendations" (WHO, Geneva 1984) or as
required by the EEC council directive of 15 July
1980 relating to the quality of water intended for
human consumption (official journal of the
European communities L 229 pp 11-29), whichever
in each case is the more stringent.
‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﺑﻴﻮﻟـﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﻛـﻪ از ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﻣـﻮاد در‬
‫ و اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻮاد در راﺑﻄﻪ‬،‫ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ آب آﺷﺎﻣﻴﺪﻧﻲ وارد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ اورﮔﺎﻧﻮﻟﭙﺘﻴﻚ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘـﺪار ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻪ‬
Vol.1 ‫ﺷـــﺪه در ﻧـــﺸﺮﻳﻪ "راﻫﻨﻤـــﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـــﺖ آب آﺷـــﺎﻣﻴﺪﻧﻲ‬
‫ ژﻧﻮ( و ﻳﺎ ﻃﺒـﻖ‬، 1984 ‫"ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻫﺎ" )ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺎل‬
‫ در راﺑﻄـﻪ ﺑـﺎ‬1980 ‫ ﺟـﻮﻻي‬15 ‫ ﻣـﻮرخ‬EEC ‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ آب ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﻧﺴﺎن )ﻣﺠﻠﻪ رﺳﻤﻲ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫـﺎي‬
‫ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام در ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﻗـﺎﻃﻊ ﺗـﺮ‬، (L 299 PP 11-29 ‫اروﭘﺎﻳــﻲ‬
.‫اﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري ﻫﺎ‬
Notes:
1) Requirements for the testing of nonmetallic materials in these respects are set out
in the UK water fittings Byelaws Scheme
Information and Guidance Note No. 5-01-02,
ISSN 0267-0313, obtainable from the water
research center, fittings testing station, 660
Ajax avenue, slough, Berkshire SL 1 4BG.
‫( اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻮاد ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻠﺰي در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع آب‬1
2)Requirements for the testing of metallic
materials in these respects are set out in DD 82.
‫( اﻟﺰاﻣــﺎت ﺑــﺮاي آزﻣــﺎﻳﺶ ﻣــﻮاد ﻓﻠــﺰي در اﻳــﻦ راﺑﻄــﻪ در‬2
3) Pending the determination of suitable
means of characterizing the toxicity of
leachates from materials in contact with
potable water, materials approved by the
Department of the Environment Committee
on Chemicals and Materials of Construction
for use in Public Water Supply and
Swimming Pools are considered free from
toxic hazard for the purposes of compliance
with this Appendix.
‫( در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﺑﺰار ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻤﻲ از‬3
‫ ﻣـﻮاد ﺗﺎﺋﻴـﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻮادي ﻛﻪ در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ آب آﺷـﺎﻣﻴﺪﻧﻲ ﻫـﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ زﻳـﺴﺖ روي ﻣـﻮاد ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺟﺎﻳﮕـﺎه ﻫـﺎي ﺗـﺄﻣﻴﻦ آب ﻫـﺎي ﻋﻤـﻮﻣﻲ و‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد دارﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎري از ﻣـﻮاد ﺳـﻤﻲ‬
.‫ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك و ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻫﺪاف اﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ‬
A list of approved chemicals and materials is
available from the Department of the
Environment Water Division, Romney
House, 43 Marsham Street, London SW1P
3PY.
‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﻣﻮاد در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه از ﻃﺮف‬
‫ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ آب ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم‬
Byelaws Scheme Information ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﺸﻮر اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن‬
and Guidance Note No. 5-01-02, ISSN 0267-0313
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت آب ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ‬
660 Ajax avenue, slough, Berkshire SL 1 ‫ﺑﻪ آدرس‬
.‫ درج ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ‬4BG
.‫ درج ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ‬DD82
Romney House, 43 Marsham Street, London
.‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
SW1P 3PY.
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‫( ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺼﺐ و ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي در ﻛـﺸﻮر‬4
4) Products manufactured for installation and use
in the United Kingdom which are verified
and listed under the UK Water Fittings
Byelaws Scheme administration by the Water
Research Center, (address as in note 1) are
deemed to satisfy the requirements detailed
in this Appendix.
UK ‫اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دﻓﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﺎم‬
‫ و‬Water Fittings Byelaws Scheme administration
‫( ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ و ﺗﺎﺋﻴـﺪ‬1 ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت آب )ﻃﺒﻖ ﻳـﺎدآوري‬
‫ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬،‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه‬
.‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
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TABLE 6 - CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF LININGS FOR SERVICE
IN VARIOUS CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENTS-1/8
( 8 ‫ از‬1 ) ‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬-6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
PETROLEUM FRACTIONS
‫ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎت ﻧﻔﺖ‬
MISCELLANEOUS
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﻪ‬
JET FULE
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻫﻮاﭘﻴﻤﺎ‬
KEROSENE
‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‬
LUBRICATING OIL
‫روﻏﻦ رواﻧﻜﺎري‬
MINERAL OIL
‫روﻏﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
NAPHTA
‫ﻧﻔﺘﺎ‬
MILK
‫ﺷﻴﺮ‬
SOAP
‫ﺻﺎﺑﻮن‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
--
R
--
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ‬
L
--
L
L
--
--
L
--
L
L
R
L
L
L
--
R
L
L
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
PVC
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
--
L
--
--
--
--
L
L
L
L
--
L
L
--
L
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاﻓﻠﻮرواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
R
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻠﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺪ‬
--
R
R
R
R
L
R
R
R
R
R
R
--
--
--
R
--
L
‫ﭘﺮﻓﻠﻮرو اﻟﻜﻮ ﻛﺴﻲ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
ETHYLENE CHLORO TRIFLUORO ETHYLANE ECTFE
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻠﺮوﺗﺮي ﻓﻠﻮرواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
POLYVINYLIDENE FLORIDE
PERFLUORO ALKOXY
PARAFFIN
‫ﭘﺎراﻓﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬
1. THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL
POLY TETRAFLURO ETHYLENE
SULFUR
‫ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬
GASOLINE
‫ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻦ‬
--
PP
INSECTICIDE
‫ﺣﺸﺮه ﻛﺶ‬
FUEL OIL
‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﻛﻮره‬
L
POLYPROPYLANE
DETERGENT
‫ﺷﻮﻳﻨﺪه‬
DIESEL FUEL
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺖ دﻳﺰل‬
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬-1
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
NATURAL GAS
‫ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
CRUDE
‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎم‬
PE
NAPHTHALIENE
‫ﻧﻔﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ‬
BITUMEN(ASPHALT)
(‫ﻗﻴﺮ )آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬
POLYETHYLANE
CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION
PTFE
PVDF
PFA
FLUORINATED ETHYLENE PROPYLENE
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻮﭘﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮﻓﻠﻮره‬
COPOLYMER FEP
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
POLYAMIDES
--
--
L
L
L
--
--
--
L
--
L
--
L
L
L
L
R
PA
2. THERMOSETTING MATERIAL
‫ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
-R
L
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬-2
‫ﻓﻨﻞ ﻓﻮرﻣﺎﻟﺪ ﻫﻴﺪ‬
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
L
--
L
--
L
--
--
--
--
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻓﻨﻠﻴﻚ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
POLYESTER
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
--
L
L
L
R
--
--
--
R
L
L
--
--
EPOXY
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
--
L
L
--
L
L
L
--
R
L
L
L
--
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن‬
--
--
--
--
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
--
L
L
L
PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE
PF
EPOXY PHENOLIC
POLY URETHANE
POLYCHLOROPRENE
PU
L
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
L
--
--
--
L
149
R
R
L
L
--
L
L
L
R
L
--
R
--
--
--
L
R
L
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
(8 ‫ از‬1) (‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
L
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻮﺗﻴﻞ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
NITRIL& CARBOXYLATED NITRIL
NBR ‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ و ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻛﺴﻴﻠﻴﺖ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ‬
L
L
--
--
--
R
R
R
L
L
L
CHLORINATED RUBBER
CSM
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
L
--
L
L
--
--
L
L
--
--
L
--
--
L
--
L
L
R
‫ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬- ‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
--
R
--
R
--
--
--
--
(‫ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ) ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﺨﺖ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
BRICK AND TILE
‫آﺟﺮ و ﻛﺎﺷﻲ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
CEMENT MORTAR
‫ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
FURANE
‫ﻓﻮران‬
3. RUBBERS
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
L
--
L
L
L
L
--
--
R
R
--
--
--
--
R
R
L
--
--
--
--
R
L
L
--
L
--
L
L
R
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
‫ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ‬-3
NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC POLYISOPRENE
IR&NR
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﻳﺰوﭘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬
BUTYL RUBBER
L
‫ﻛﺎﺋﻮﭼﻮ‬
(CHLORO SULFORATED POLYETHYLANE)
(‫)ﻛﻠﺮوﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﺖ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
HARD & ELBONITE
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ و اﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ‬
FLUORINATED RUBBER FRM
(FLORO RUBBER OF POLY-
METHYLANE TYPE)
(‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻠﻮره )ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻠﻮرو از ﻧﻮع ﭘﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﻴﻠﻦ‬
CHLORO PRENE
‫ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
4. MINERAL&BITUMEN MATERIAL
GLASS-PORCELAIN
CERAMIC (STONEWARE)
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ و ﻗﻴﺮي‬-4
CEMENT/RESIN FURAN,PHENOLIC,EPOXY,POLYESTER, SULFUR,
ASPHALT
‫ آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬،‫ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬،‫ ﭘﻮﻟﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬،‫ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬،‫ ﻓﻨﻠﻲ‬،‫ رزﻳﻦ ﻓﻮران‬،‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
COALTAR
‫ﻗﻄﺮان ذﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ‬
BITUMEN
R: Resistance
‫ﻗﻴﺮ‬
L: Limit Resistance
(--) One of following cases:
(Only resist at specific temperature and/or concentration limits of
chemicals for other cases not recommentded).
(a) No resistance
(b) conditional
(c) No data avialable
L
R
R
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﺤﺪود )ﻓﻘﻂ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻴﻦ دﻣﺎ وﻳﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي دﻳﮕﺮ ﺣﺎﻻت‬:L
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬:R
.(‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻧﮕﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
.‫)ج( داده ﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
150
‫)ب( ﻣﺸﺮ وط‬
‫(ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ )اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺪون ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬--)
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 6- 2/8
(8 ‫ از‬2)-6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
ALCOHOLS-HYDROCARBONS
ETHERS
‫اﺗﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎ‬- ‫اﻟﻜﻞ ﻫﺎ‬
ALDEHYDE/KETONES
‫ ﻛﺘﻮن ﻫﺎ‬/‫آﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ‬
FURFURYL
‫ﻓﻮرﻓﻮرﻳﻞ‬
GLYCEROL
‫ﮔﻠﻴﺴﺮول‬
ISOPROPYL
‫اﻳﺰوﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻞ‬
LAURYL
‫ﻻرﻳﻞ‬
METHYL
‫ﻣﺘﻴﻞ‬
PROPYL
‫ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻞ‬
ACETALDEHYDE
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ‬
ACETONE
‫اﺳﺘﻦ‬
BENZALDEHYDE
‫ﺑﻨﺰاﻟﺪﻫﻴﺪ‬
FORMALDEHYDE
‫ﻓﻮرﻣﺎﻟﺪ ﻫﻴﺪ‬
FURFURAL
‫ﻓﻮرﻓﻮرال‬
METHYL ETHYL
KETONE
‫ﻣﺘﻴﻞ اﺗﻴﻞ ﻛﺘﻮن‬
METHYL ISOBUTYL
KETONE
‫ﻣﺘﻴﻞ اﻳﺰوﺑﻮﺗﻴﻞ ﻛﺘﻮن‬
--
R
L
--
L
R
--
L
R
L
L
--
--
--
L
--
--
--
POLYPROPYLANE
PP
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ‬
L
L
L
--
L
L
--
L
L
--
L
L
L
--
--
--
L
--
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
PVC
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
--
L
L
--
L
--
--
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
L
--
L
L
--
L
--
--
L
--
--
--
L
--
R
L
--
--
L
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاﻓﻠﻮرواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
L
--
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
--
L
L
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻠﺪن ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺪ‬
L
L
L
--
L
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
L
‫ﭘﺮﻓﻠﻮرو اﻟﻜﻮ ﻛﺴﻲ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
R
--
--
L
--
FLUORINATED ETHYLENE PROPYLENE COPOLYMER
FEP
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻮﭘﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮ ﻓﻠﻮره‬
L
--
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
--
L
L
POLYAMIDES
--
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
L
--
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬
1. THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬-1
ETHYLENE CHLORO TRIFLUORO ETHYLENE ECTFE
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻠﺮوﺗﺮي ﻓﻠﻮرواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
POLY TETRAFLURO ETHYLENE
POLYVINYLIDENE FLORIDE
PERFLUORO ALKOXY
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮﻫﮕﺰاﻧﻮن‬
ETHYLENE GLYCOL
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮل‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
CYCLOHEXANONES
ETHYL
‫اﺗﻴﻞ‬
PE
ETHERS
‫اﺗﺮ ﻫﺎ‬
CYCLOHEXANOL
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮﻫﮕﺰاﻧﻮل‬
POLYETHYLENE
CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION
PTFE
PVDF
PFA
PA
‫ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
2. THERMOSETTING MATERIAL
‫ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬
PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE
‫ﻓﻨﻞ ﻓﻮرﻣﺎﻟﺪ ﻫﻴﺪ‬
--
L
L
--
L
L
--
L
--
--
--
L
--
--
L
--
L
L
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻓﻨﻠﻴﻚ‬
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
R
L
L
L
--
L
--
L
L
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
--
R
R
L
R
L
L
L
-
L
--
L
--
--
R
--
R
L
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
--
L
L
--
L
L
--
L
-
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
L
L
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن‬
--
L
R
--
R
--
--
L
--
R
--
L
--
L
--
--
L
L
PF
EPOXY PHENOLIC
POLYESTER
EPOXY
POLY URETHANE
PU
151
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 6- 2/8 (continued)
(8‫ از‬2) (‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
--
L
L
L
R
R
--
L
L
--
--
L
L
--
L
L
--
--
‫ﻓﻮران‬
--
L
L
L
L
--
--
L
--
--
--
L
L
L
L
--
L
L
--
R
L
L
R
L
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
R
L
R
L
--
L
L
--
--
L
L
L
R
L
L
--
L
R
R
--
R
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
R
R
--
--
R
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
-
--
L
R
R
--
R
--
--
R
--
--
L
L
R
R
R
--
L
R
L
--
L
L
--
--
L
--
--
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
L
R
R
--
R
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
L
--
R
L
R
--
‫ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬- ‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
--
--
R
--
R
--
--
R
--
--
--
L
--
L
--
L
--
--
‫ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ – ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﺨﺖ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
BRICK AND TILE
‫ ﻛﺎﺷﻲ‬- ‫آﺟﺮ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
CEMENT MORTAR
‫ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
L
R
L
R
--
--
--
--
R
R
--
R
--
--
R
L
--
--
--
L
--
R
--
--
--
‫ﻗﻄﺮان ذﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ‬
--
L
--
--
--
L
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
‫ﻗﻴﺮ‬
--
L
L
--
L
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
POLYCHLOROPRENE
FURANE
3. RUBBERS
‫ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ‬-3
NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC POLYISOPRENE
IR&NR
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﻳﺰوﭘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬
BUTYL RUBBER
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻮﺗﻴﻞ‬
NITRIL& CARBOXYLATED NITRIL NBR
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ و ﻛﺮﺑﻮاﻛﺴﻴﻠﺖ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ‬
CHLORINATED RUBBER
CSM
‫ﻛﺎﺋﻮﭼﻮ‬
(CHLORO SULFORATED POLYETHYLENE)
(‫)ﻛﻠﺮوﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﺖ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
HARD & ELBONITE
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ و اﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ‬
FLUORINATED RUBBER
FRM
(FLORO RUBBER OF POLYMETHYLENE TYPE)
(‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻠﻮره )ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻠﻮرو از ﻧﻮع ﭘﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﻴﻠﻦ‬
CHLORO PRENE
‫ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
4. MINERAL&BITUMEN MATERIAL
GLASS.PORCCELAIN
CERAMIC (STONEWARE)
‫ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ و ﻗﻴﺮي‬
CEMENT/RESIN FURAN,PHENOLIC,EPOXY,POLYESTER,
SULFUR, ASPHALT
‫ آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬،‫ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬،‫ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬،‫ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬،‫ ﻓﻨﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن –رزﻳﻦ ﻓﻮران‬
COALTAR
BITUMEN
152
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 6- 3/8
(8‫ از‬3) -6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
ESTERS-HYDROCARBONS
AMINE
‫آﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎ‬- ‫اﺳﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬
HALOGENATED/HYDROCARBON
‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬/ ‫ﻫﺎﻟﻮژﻧﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
AMYL ACETATE
‫آﻣﻴﻞ اﺳﺘﺎت‬
BUTYL ACETATE
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻴﻞ اﺳﺘﺎت‬
DIOCTYL PHTHALATE
‫دي اﻛﺘﻴﻞ ﻓﺘﺎﻻت‬
ETHYL ACETATE
‫اﺗﻴﻞ اﺳﺘﺎت‬
METHYL SALICYLATE
‫ﻣﺘﻴﻞ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻼت‬
SODIUM BENZOATE
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻨﺰوات‬
VINYL ACETATE
‫وﻳﻨﻴﻞ اﺳﺘﺎت‬
ANILINE
‫آﻧﻴﻠﻴﻦ‬
DIMETHYL AMINE
‫دي ﻣﺘﻴﻞ آﻣﻴﻦ‬
TRIETHYL AMINE
‫ﺗﺮي اﺗﻴﻞ آﻣﻴﻦ‬
UREA
‫اوره‬
ALLYL CHLORIDE
‫آﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
AMYL CHLORIDE
‫آﻣﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
CARBON TETRA
CHLORIDE
‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺗﺘﺮا ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
CHLORO BENZENE
‫ﻛﻠﺮو ﺑﻨﺰن‬
ETHYLENE BROMIDE
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﺑﺮوﻣﻴﺪ‬
ETHYLENE CHLORIDE
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
ETHYLENE CHLORO
HYDRIDE
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻠﺮو ﻫﻴﺪرﻳﺪ‬
METHYLENE CHLORIDE
‫ﻣﺘﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
PER CHLORO ETHYLENE
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻠﺮو اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
TRICHLORO ETYLENE
‫ﺗﺮي ﻛﻠﺮو اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
POLYETHYLENE
PE
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
L
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
POLYPROPYLANE
PP
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ‬
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
L
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
L
--
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
PVC
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
--
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
R
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاﻓﻠﻮرواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
L
L
L
L
--
--
L
L
--
L
L
L
L
L
--
L
L
--
L
L
L
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻠﺪان ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺪ‬
L
L
--
L
--
L
R
L
--
L
L
L
R
L
L
R
R
--
L
L
L
‫ﭘﺮﻓﻠﻮرو اﻟﻜﻮ ﻛﺴﻲ‬
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
L
R
--
FLUORINATED ETHYLENE PROPYLENE COPOLYMER
FEP
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻮﭘﺮﻟﻴﻤﺮ ﻓﻠﻮره‬
L
L
L
L
--
--
L
L
--
L
L
L
L
L
--
L
L
--
L
L
L
POLYAMIDES
L
L
L
L
--
L
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬
1. THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬-1
ETHYLENE CHLORO TRIFLUORO ETHYLENE ECTFE
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻠﺮوﺗﺮي ﻓﻠﻮرواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
POLY TETRAFLURO ETHYLENE
POLYVINYLIDENE FLORIDE
PERFLUORO ALKOXY
PTFE
PVDF
PFA
PA
‫ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
2. THERMOSETTING MATERIAL
‫ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬
PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE
‫ﻓﻨﻞ ﻓﻮرﻣﺎﻟﺪ ﻫﻴﺪ‬
--
L
L
L
--
--
R
L
L
L
--
L
--
L
L
--
L
--
--
L
L
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻓﻨﻠﻴﮏ‬
L
L
L
L
--
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
L
L
L
R
--
L
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
R
--
--
--
R
--
R
R
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
L
L
--
L
--
--
L
L
--
--
L
L
--
--
L
--
L
--
L
L
L
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن‬
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
L
L
L
PF
EPOXY PHENOLIC
POLYESTER
EPOXY
POLY URETHANE
PU
153
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 6- 3/8 (continued)
(8‫ از‬3) (‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
POLYCHLOROPRENE
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
--
--
--
--
L
--
L
--
L
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
‫ﻓﻮران‬
L
L
--
L
--
--
--
L
--
--
L
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
L
L
--
L
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
L
L
--
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
--
R
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
L
L
--
R
--
L
R
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
L
R
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
--
R
L
R
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
L
--
--
--
R
R
--
--
--
--
R
L
L
R
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
R
--
R
--
--
--
R
‫ ﻛﺎﺷﻲ‬- ‫آﺟﺮ‬
L
L
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
R
R
--
R
--
--
--
R
‫ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
L
L
--
R
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
R
--
L
--
R
--
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
L
--
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
FURANE
3. RUBBERS
‫ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ‬-3
NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC POLYISOPRENE
IR&NR
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﻳﺰوﭘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬
BUTYL RUBBER
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻮﺗﻴﻞ‬
NITRIL& CARBOXYLATED NITRIL NBR
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ و ﻛﺮﺑﻮاﻛﺴﻴﻠﺖ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ‬
CHLORINATED RUBBER
CSM
‫ﻛﺎﺋﻮﭼﻮ‬
(CHLORO SULFORATED POLYETHYLENE)
(‫)ﻛﻠﺮوﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﺖ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
HARD & ELBONITE
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ و اﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ‬
FLUORINATED RUBBER
FRM
(FLORO RUBBER OF POLYMETHYLENE TYPE)
(‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻠﻮره )ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻠﻮرو از ﻧﻮع ﭘﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﻴﻠﻦ‬
CHLORO PRENE
‫ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
4. MINERAL&BITUMEN MATERIAL
GLASS.PORCCELAIN
CERAMIC (STONEWARE)
BRICK AND TILE
CEMENT MORTAR
‫ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ و ﻗﻴﺮي‬
‫ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬- ‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ – ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﺨﺖ‬
CEMENT/RESIN FURAN,PHENOLIC,EPOXY,POLYESTER,
SULFUR, ASPHALT
‫ آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬،‫ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬،‫ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬،‫ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬،‫ ﻓﻨﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن – رزﻳﻦ ﻓﻮران‬
COALTAR
BITUMEN
‫ﻗﻄﺮان ذﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮ‬
154
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 6- 4/8
(8‫ از‬4) -6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
SALTS
‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎ‬
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
‫اﻟﻴﻔﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
‫آروﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
ALCOHOLS
‫اﻟﻜﻞ ﻫﺎ‬
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
L
--
--
--
POLY TETRA FLURO ETHYLENE PTFE
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاﻓﻠﻮرواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
L
L
L
--
L
L
--
--
--
L
L
L
--
--
L
L
L
--
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻠﺪآن ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺪ‬
L
L
L
L
--
L
R
R
R
R
R
R
L
L
L
L
L
‫ﭘﺮﻓﻠﻮرو اﻟﻜﻮ ﻛﺴﻲ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
L
L
L
--
L
L
--
--
--
L
L
L
--
--
L
L
--
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
--
L
L
--
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻴﻞ‬
--
BUTYL
--
‫ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻞ‬
--
BENZYL
--
‫آﻣﻴﻞ‬
--
‫آﻟﻴﻞ‬
--
ALLYL
--
‫زاﻳﻠﻴﻦ‬
--
XYLENE
ETHYLENE CHLORO TRIFLUORO ETHYLENE
ECTFE
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻠﺮوﺗﺮي ﻓﻠﻮرواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻮﺋﻦ‬
--
TOLUENE
--
--
‫ﻓﻨﻞ‬
--
--
PHENOL
--
--
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮوﺑﻨﺰن‬
L
--
‫اﺗﻴﻞ ﺑﻨﺰن‬
L
--
AMYL
NITRO BENZENE
ETHYL BENZENE
--
--
‫ﺑﻨﺰن‬
--
L
BENZENE
--
--
‫ﭘﺮوﭘﺎن‬
L
L
PROPANE
L
L
‫ﻫﮕﺰان‬
--
L
HEXANE
L
--
‫ﻫﭙﺘﺎن‬
--
--
HEPTANE
--
L
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
L
L
BUTYLENE
--
L
‫ﺑﻮﺗﺎن‬
L
L
BUTANE
R
--
‫ﺑﻮﺗﺎدﻳﻦ‬
L
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
BUTADIENE
SULFUR
CHLORIDE
--
‫ﮔﻮﮔﺮد ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
STANNIC
CHLORIDE
R
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
--
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﻴﻮ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
--
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬
R
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
--
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎت‬
SODUM
THIOSULFATE
SODUM SULFIDE
SODUM SULFATE
SODUM SILICATE
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ‬
CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬
1. THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL ‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬-1
POLYETHYLENE
PE
POLYPROPYLENE
PP
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE PVC
POLY VINYLIDENE FLORIDE
PERFLUORO ALKOXY
PVDF
PFA
FLUORINATED ETHYLENE PROPYLENE
COPOLYMER
FEP
POLYAMIDES
PA
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻮﭘﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮﻓﻠﻮره‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
--
--
--
--
R
R
--
--
--
L
--
L
--
--
R
L
L
L
--
L
--
--
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
--
L
L
L
R
--
--
--
L
--
L
L
--
L
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
2. THERMOSETTING MATERIAL
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬-2
PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE
‫ﻓﻨﻞ ﻓﻮرﻣﺎﻟﺪ ﻫﻴﺪ‬
--
L
--
L
L
--
L
--
--
L
--
--
L
--
--
L
L
L
L
--
L
--
‫ ﻓﻨﻠﻴﻚ‬- ‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
--
R
R
--
R
--
--
R
R
R
--
--
--
R
POLYESTER
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
R
L
L
--
R
--
--
--
--
L
L
--
R
--
L
L
--
--
--
L
L
L
EPOXY
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
R
R
R
L
R
--
L
L
--
L
L
L
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
--
L
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن‬
--
--
R
--
--
--
L
--
--
L
L
--
R
L
R
R
R
--
--
--
--
--
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
R
L
--
L
R
--
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
L
‫ﻓﻮران‬
--
L
L
--
R
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
L
L
L
--
--
L
L
L
PF
EPOXY PHENOLIC
POLY URETHANE
POLYCHLOROPRENE
FURANE
PU
155
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 6- 4/8 (continued)
(8 ‫ از‬4) -6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
3. RUBBERS
‫ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ‬-3
NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC POLYISOPRENE
IR&NR
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﻳﺰوﭘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬
L
R
L
L
R
--
--
--
--
--
BUTYL RUBBER
L
L
R
L
R
--
--
L
L
--
R
R
R
R
R
--
--
--
--
L
R
R
R
R
R
--
--
R
--
R
R
R
R
R
--
--
L
L
R
L
R
R
--
L
R
R
R
L
L
--
‫ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬-‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
L
R
--
--
R
‫ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ – ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﺨﺖ‬
--
--
--
--
--
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻮﺗﻴﻞ‬
NITRIL& CARBOXYATED NITRIL NBR
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ و ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ‬
CHLORINATED RUBBER CSM (CHLORO
SULFORATED POLYETHYLENE)
‫ﻛﺎﺋﻮﭼﻮ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
-
--
R
L
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
L
--
R
L
--
L
--
R
--
--
--
--
L
--
R
--
R
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
R
--
L
L
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
L
--
R
L
L
L
L
L
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
L
--
R
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
L
--
R
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
L
R
R
L
--
--
L
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
(‫)ﻛﻠﺮوﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﺖ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
HARD & ELBONITE
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ و اﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ‬
FLUORINATED RUBBER
FRM (FLORO
RUBBER OF POLYMETHYLEANE TYPE)
(‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻠﻮره )ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻠﻮرو از ﻧﻮع ﭘﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﻴﻠﻦ‬
CHLORO PRENE
‫ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
4. MINERAL&BITUMEN MATERIAL
GLASS,PORCELAIN
CERAMIC (STONEWARE)
BRICK AND TILE
CEMENT MORTAR
‫ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ و ﻗﻴﺮي‬
‫ ﻛﺎﺷﻲ‬- ‫آﺟﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
CEMENT/RESIN FURAN,PHENOLIC,EPOXY,
POLYESTER, SULFUR, ASPHALT
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
R
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
L
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
L
R
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
R
R
R
--
--
L
--
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
--
L
--
L
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
‫ آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬،‫ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬،‫ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬،‫ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬،‫ ﻓﻨﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن – رزﻳﻦ ﻓﻮران‬
COALTAR
BITUMEN
‫ﻗﻄﺮان ذﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮ‬
156
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 6- 5/8
(8‫ از‬5 ) -6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
SALTS
‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎ‬
--
--
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﺖ‬
--
SODIUM NITRITE
L
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
--
SODIUM NITRATE
--
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
--
SODIUM CHLORIDE
--
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت‬
--
SODIUM CARBONATE
L
‫ﻧﻘﺮه ﺳﻴﺎﻧﻴﺪ‬
L
SILVER CYANIDE
--
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
L
POTASSIUM SULFATE
L
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﭘﺮﻣﻨﮕﻨﺎت‬
L
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
--
POTASSIUM PERMANGATE
POTASSIUM NITRATE
--
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻛﺮوﻣﺎت‬
POTASSIUM
CHROMATE
R
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮوس ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
L
‫ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
R
L
‫ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
L
‫ﻧﻴﻜﻞ اﺳﺘﺎت‬
--
‫ﺟﻴﻮه ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
--
‫ﺟﻴﻮه ﺳﻴﺎﻧﻴﺪ‬
PHOSPHORUS
CHLORIDE
NICKEL SULFATE
NICKEL CHLORIDE
NICKEL ACETATE
MERCUROUS NITRATE
MERCURIC CYANIDE
‫ﺟﻴﻮه ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
MERCURIC CHLORIDE
‫ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
MAGNESIUM
CHLORIDE
‫ﺳﺮب اﺳﺘﺎت‬
LEAD ACETATE
‫آﻫﻦ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
FERROUS SULFATE
‫آﻫﻦ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
FERROUS CHLORIDE
‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺪ‬
FLUORIDE SALTS
L
CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬
1. THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL ‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬-1
POLYETHYLENE
PE
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
--
R
R
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
-
POLYPROPYLENE
PP
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ‬
--
R
R
R
R
L
L
R
--
R
R
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
--
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
ETHYLENE CHLORO TRIFLUORO ETHYLENE
ECTFE
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻠﺮوﺗﺮي ﻓﻠﻮرواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
POLYTETRA FLURO ETHYLENE PTFE
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاﻓﻠﻮرو اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
--
--
L
L
R
--
--
--
--
L
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻠﺪآن ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺪ‬
--
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
‫ﭘﺮﻓﻠﻮرو اﻟﻜﻮ ﻛﺴﻲ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE PVC
POLYVINYLIDENE FLORIDE
PERFLUORO ALKOXY
PVDF
PFA
FLUORINATED ETHYLENE PROPYLENE
COPOLYMER
FEP
POLYAMIDES
PA
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻮﭘﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮ ﻓﻠﻮره‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
--
R
--
--
R
--
--
L
L
L
R
R
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
L
--
L
L
L
--
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
L
L
--
L
--
L
L
L
--
--
L
-
--
L
--
L
--
L
L
L
--
2. THERMOSETTING MATERIAL
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬-2
PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE
‫ﻓﻨﻞ ﻓﻮرﻣﺎﻟﺪ ﻫﻴﺪ‬
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻓﻨﻠﻴﻚ‬
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
--
POLYESTER
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
L
R
L
R
R
R
--
--
--
R
L
--
R
R
L
R
--
L
R
R
R
EPOXY
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
--
L
L
L
R
L
--
--
--
L
L
--
R
R
L
L
--
R
R
R
L
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
R
--
PF
EPOXY PHENOLIC
POLY URETHANE
PU
157
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 6- 5/8 (continued)
(8‫ از‬5) (‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
POLYCHLOROPRENE
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
L
R
L
L
--
L
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
R
L
--
--
--
R
R
L
L
L
L
L
--
R
R
L
--
NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC POLYISOPRENE IR&NR
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﻳﺰوﭘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
R
L
--
R
L
L
--
L
L
L
L
BUTYL RUBBER
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻮﺗﻴﻞ‬
R
R
R
--
L
L
R
L
R
R
R
L
R
R
L
L
R
L
R
L
L
NITRIL & CARBOXYLATED NITRIL NBR ‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ و ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ‬
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
--
R
R
R
--
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
CHLORINATED RUBBER CSM (CHLORO SULFORATED
(‫ﻛﺎﺋﻮﭼﻮ )ﻛﻠﺮوﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﺖ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
POLYETHYLENE)
--
R
R
L
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
--
R
R
R
R
--
R
R
R
--
HARD & ELBONITE
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ و اﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ‬
R
R
R
--
R
R
R
--
R
R
R
--
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
FLUORINATED RUBBER FRM (FLORO RUBBER OF
POLYMETHYLENE TYPE)
--
--
R
L
R
L
R
L
L
R
L
R
--
R
L
R
L
R
L
R
--
R
R
R
--
R
R
R
--
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
--
--
R
--
R
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
R
L
L
--
L
R
R
R
‫ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ – ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﺨﺖ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
‫آﺟﺮ و ﻛﺎﺷﻲ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
‫ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
--
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
R
R
--
--
L
L
R
--
--
R
R
--
--
R
R
--
R
--
--
--
--
R
R
--
--
R
R
R
--
L
R
R
--
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
FURANE
‫ﻓﻮران‬
3. RUBBERS
‫ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ‬-3
(‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻠﻮره )ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻠﻮرو از ﻧﻮع ﭘﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﻴﻠﻦ‬
CHLORO PRENE
‫ﻛﻠﺮو ﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
4. MINERAL&BITUMEN MATERIAL
GLASS.PORCELAIN
CERAMIC (STONEWARE)
BRICK AND TILE
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ و ﻗﻴﺮي‬-4
‫ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬- ‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
CEMENT MORTAR
CEMENT/RESIN FURAN,PHENOLIC,EPOXY,
POLYESTER, SULFUR, ASPHALT
‫ آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬،‫ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬،‫ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬،‫ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬،‫ ﻓﻨﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن – رزﻳﻦ ﻓﻮران‬
COALTAR
‫ﻗﻄﺮان ذﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
R
R
--
BITUMEN
‫ﻗﻴﺮ‬
--
L
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
L
--
L
--
L
L
--
--
158
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 6- 6/8
(8‫ از‬6) -6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
SALTS
‫ﻧﻤﻚ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺲ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
COPPER SULFATE
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
CALCIUM SULFATE
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
CALCIUM NITRATE
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
CALCIUM HYDROCHLORIDE
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
CALCIUM CHLORIDE
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت‬
CALCIUM CARBONATE
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬
AMMONIUM SULFIDE
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
AMMONIUM SULFATE
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬
AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﻧﻴﺘﺮات‬
AMMONIUM NITRATE
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺪ‬
AMMONIUM FLUORIDE
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت‬
AMMONIUM CARBONATE
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻢ اﺳﺘﺎت‬
AMMONIUM ACETATE
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
ALUMINUM SULFATE
ALUMINUM SODIUM
SULFATE
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
ALUMINUM POTASIUM
SULFATE
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
ALUMINUM CHLORIDE
ALUMINUM AMMONIUM
SULFATE
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت‬
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم اﺳﺘﺎت‬
ALUMINUM ACETATE
CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬
1. THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL ‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬-1
POLYETHYLENE
PE
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
--
--
R
--
--
R
--
--
R
--
--
--
R
--
--
R
--
--
R
R
POLYPROPYLENE
PP
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ‬
--
R
L
L
--
L
L
L
R
L
R
R
R
R
L
L
L
L
L
L
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮاﻳﺪ‬
--
--
L
--
--
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
R
ETHYLENE CHLORO TRIFLUORO ETHYLENE
ECTFE
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻠﺮوﺗﺮي ﻓﻠﻮرواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
POLY TETRAFLURO ETHYLENE PTFE ‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاﻓﻠﻮرواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
--
L
L
--
L
L
L
L
--
L
POLYVINYLIDENE FLORIDE PVDF
--
R
L
L
--
--
--
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
--
L
L
--
L
L
L
L
--
L
--
--
L
--
--
L
--
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE PVC
PERFLUORO ALKOXY
PFA
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻠﺪآن ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻓﻠﻮرو اﻟﻜﻮ ﻛﺴﻲ‬
FLUORINATED ETHYLENE PROPYLENE
COPOLYMER
FEP
POLYAMIDES
PA
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻮﭘﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮﻓﻠﻮره‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
2. THERMOSETTING MATERIAL
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬-2
PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE
‫ﻓﻨﻞ ﻓﻮرﻣﺎﻟﺪ ﻫﻴﺪ‬
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
L
--
--
--
L
--
--
--
L
‫ ﻓﻨﻠﻴﻚ‬- ‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
-
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
POLYESTER
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
--
--
R
R
--
R
L
L
R
L
R
--
R
L
R
R
L
R
L
R
EPOXY
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
L
L
L
L
R
L
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
R
--
R
--
--
R
--
R
R
--
PF
EPOXY PHENOLIC
POLY URETHANE
PU
159
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 6- 6/8 (continued)
(8‫ از‬6) (‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
POLYCHLOROPRENE
--
--
R
R
--
--
R
R
R
L
R
R
R
R
--
R
--
L
--
--
--
--
R
R
--
--
R
L
L
L
L
L
R
L
--
L
--
L
L
R
NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC POLYISOPRENE
IR&NR
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﻳﺰوﭘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬
--
--
L
R
--
--
L
R
R
L
R
R
R
R
--
R
R
L
--
L
BUTYL RUBBER
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻮﺗﻴﻞ‬
R
R
L
L
R
R
R
R
R
L
R
R
R
L
R
R
R
L
--
R
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ و ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ‬
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
L
R
R
R
R
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
R
R
R
R
R
--
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ و اﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ‬
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
--
R
FLUORINATED RUBBER FRM (FLORO RUBBER
OF POLYMETHYLENE TYPE)
--
--
L
R
--
--
R
R
R
L
R
R
R
R
--
R
R
L
L
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
L
R
R
R
R
--
R
--
L
--
R
R
R
--
--
L
R
--
L
R
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
FURANE
‫ﻓ ﻮر ا ن‬
3. RUBBERS
‫ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ‬-3
NITRIL& CARBOXYLATED NITRIL NBR
CHLORINATED RUBBER CSM (CHLORO SULFORATED
POLYETHYLENE)
(‫ﻛﺎﺋﻮﭼﻮ )ﻛﻠﺮوﺳﻮﻟﻘﻮرﻳﺖ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
HARD & ELBONITE
(‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻠﻮره )ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻠﻮرو از ﻧﻮع ﭘﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﻴﻠﻦ‬
CHLORO PRENE
‫ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
4. MINERAL&BITUMEN MATERIAL
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ و ﻗﻴﺮي‬-4
GLASS,PORCELAIN
‫ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬- ‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
--
--
L
L
--
R
--
CERAMIC (STONEWARE)‫ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ – ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﺨﺖ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
BRICK AND TILE
‫آﺟﺮو ﻛﺎﺷﻲ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
CEMENT MORTAR
‫ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
R
L
R
--
--
R
L
R
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
R
--
R
--
--
R
--
R
L
R
CEMENT/RESIN FURAN, PHENOLIC, EPOXY,
POLYESTER, SULFUR, ASPHALT
--
‫ آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬،‫ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬،‫ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬،‫ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬،‫ ﻓﻨﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن – رزﻳﻦ ﻓﻮران‬
COALTAR
‫ﻗﻄﺮان ذﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
L
--
--
R
L
BITUMEN
‫ﻗﻴﺮ‬
--
--
L
L
--
--
L
--
L
--
L
--
L
--
--
L
--
--
R
--
160
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 6- 7/8
(8‫ از‬7) -6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
ALKALIS
‫ﻗﻠﻴﺎ ﻫﺎ‬
LIQUIDS GAS
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﮔﺎزي‬
WATER
‫آب‬
‫آب درﻳﺎ‬
SEA WATER
‫آب ﺗﺎزه‬
FRESH WATER
‫آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬
DISTILLATED WATER
‫ﮔﻮﮔﺮد ﺗﺮي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
SULFUR TRIOXIDE
‫ﮔﻮﮔﺮد دي اﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
SULFUR DIOXIDE
‫اﻛﺴﻴﮋن‬
OXIGEN
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮوس اﻛﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
NITROUS OXIDES
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن‬
NITROGEN
‫آب اﻛﺴﻴﮋﻧﻪ‬
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
‫ﮔﺎز ﻛﻠﺮ‬
CHLORINE
‫ﮔﺎز ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻴﻚ‬
CARBON DIOXIDE
‫ﺑﺮوﻣﻴﻦ‬
BROMINE
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎك‬
AMMONIA
‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE
‫آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﻫﻴﺪرواﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE
CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬
1. THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL ‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬-1
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
--
R
L
L
R
L
--
L
--
L
--
--
--
L
L
R
R
R
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ‬
L
L
L
R
L
L
--
--
--
L
--
L
L
L
--
R
R
R
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاﻓﻠﻮرواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
L
L
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻠﺪآن ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺪ‬
L
L
‫ﭘﺮﻓﻠﻮرو اﻟﻜﻮ ﻛﺴﻲ‬
--
L
FLUORINATED ETHYLENE PROPYLENE
COPOLYMER
FEP
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻓﻠﻮره‬
L
L
POLYAMIDES
--
POLYETHYLENE
PE
POLYPROPYLENE
PP
L
R
L
L
L
R
L
--
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
L
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
R
L
L
L
--
L
--
--
R
L
--
--
L
--
L
L
L
--
R
--
--
L
--
R
L
L
--
R
R
R
--
L
--
L
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
L
--
L
--
--
R
L
--
--
L
--
--
R
--
L
--
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
-
--
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
R
R
R
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻓﻨﻠﻴﻚ‬
--
R
--
--
R
L
--
R
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
R
R
POLYESTER
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
--
L
L
L
L
L
L
R
R
L
--
--
L
L
--
R
L
L
EPOXY
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
L
L
R
R
L
L
--
R
L
--
--
--
--
L
--
R
R
L
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
PVC
ETHYLENE CHLORO TRIFLUORO ETHYLENE
ECTFE
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻠﺮوﺗﺮي ﻓﻠﻮرواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
POLY TETRAFLURO ETHYLENE PTFE
POLYVINYLIDENE FLORIDE PVDF
PERFLUORO ALKOXY
PFA
PA
‫ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
2. THERMOSETTING MATERIAL
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬-2
PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE
‫ﻓﻨﻞ ﻓﻮرﻣﺎﻟﺪ ﻫﻴﺪ‬
EPOXY PHENOLIC
PF
--
161
R
R
---
--
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 6- 7/8 (continued)
(8 ‫ از‬7) (‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
POLY URETHANE
PU
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن‬
--
L
L
L
L
L
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
R
R
R
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
--
L
--
L
R
L
--
--
--
L
--
--
L
R
--
R
R
R
‫ﻓﻮران‬
L
L
L
L
L
R
L
R
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
R
--
NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC POLYISOPRENE IR&NR
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﻳﺰوﭘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬
--
--
--
R
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
L
BUTYL RUBBER
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻮﺗﻴﻞ‬
--
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
L
R
L
R
L
L
R
R
R
NITRIL& CARBOXYLATED NITRIL NBR ‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ و ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ‬
--
R
R
R
R
R
--
R
--
R
--
R
L
L
R
R
R
CHLORINATED RUBBER CSM (CHLORO
SULFORATED POLYETHYLENE)
R
R
--
R
R
--
--
L
L
L
--
--
--
L
--
--
R
R
--
R
R
R
R
R
R
L
L
R
--
--
R
R
R
R
R
--
--
L
--
L
--
L
--
--
L
--
L
R
R
--
R
R
R
--
R
R
R
R
R
L
R
--
L
R
--
R
L
L
R
R
R
‫ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬، ‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
--
R
--
--
L
--
L
--
--
L
--
L
--
L
--
R
R
R
(‫ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ ) ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﺨﺖ‬
--
L
--
--
L
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
BRICK AND TILE
‫آﺟﺮ و ﻛﺎﺷﻲ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
CEMENT MORTAR
‫ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
R
--
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
L
--
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
L
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
R
R
R
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
POLYCHLOROPRENE
FURANE
3. RUBBERS
‫ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ‬-3
‫ﻛﺎﺋﻮﭼﻮ‬
L
(‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﻨﻪ )ﻛﻠﺮوﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﺖ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
HARD & ELBONITE
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ و اﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ‬
FLUORINATED RUBBER
FRM (FLORO RUBBER
OF POLYMETHYLENE TYPE)
(‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻠﻮره )ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻠﻮرو از ﻧﻮع ﭘﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﻴﻠﻦ‬
CHLORO PRENE
‫ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
4. MINERAL&BITUMEN MATERIAL
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ و ﻗﻴﺮي‬-4
GLASS,PORCELAIN
CERAMIC (STONEWARE)
CEMENT/RESIN FURAN,PHENOLL,EPOXY,
POLYESTER, SULFUR, ASPHALT
‫ آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬،‫ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬،‫ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬،‫ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬،‫ ﻓﻨﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن – رزﻳﻦ ﻓﻮران‬
COALTER
‫ﻗﻄﺮان ذﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ‬
L
--
R
--
L
BITUMEN
‫ﻗﻴﺮ‬
--
L
L
L
L
162
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 6- 8/8
(8‫ از‬8) -6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
ORGANIC ACIDS
‫اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎي آﻟﻲ‬
INORGAINC ACIDS
‫اﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
NITROUS
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮوس‬
PERCHLORIC
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻠﺮﻳﻚ‬
PHOSPHORIC
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻳﻚ‬
PHOSPHOROUS
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮوس‬
SULFURIC
‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﻚ‬
SULFURIC FUMING
‫ﺑﺨﺎرات ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﻚ‬
L
--
--
R
--
L
--
--
L
L
L
L
--
L
R
--
L
--
PVC
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
L
L
L
L
L
--
L
R
--
L
--
ETHYLENE CHLORO TRIFLUORO ETHYLENE
ECTFE
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻠﺮوﺗﺮي ﻓﻠﻮرواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
L
L
L
--
L
--
--
R
--
L
--
POLY TETRAFLURO ETHYLENE
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاﻓﻠﻮرواﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
L
L
L
--
L
--
--
L
--
L
‫ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻠﺪآن ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺪ‬
--
L
R
L
L
L
L
R
--
R
‫ﭘﺮﻓﻠﻮرو اﻟﻜﻮ ﻛﺴﻲ‬
R
L
L
--
L
--
--
L
--
L
FLUORINATED ETHYLENE PROPYLENE
COPOLYMER
FEP
‫اﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻮﭘﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮ ﻓﻠﻮره‬
L
L
L
--
L
--
--
L
--
POLYAMIDES
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
R
L
L
L
L
L
--
--
L
--
L
--
L
--
L
--
--
L
--
--
L
L
L
--
L
--
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
L
--
--
L
L
--
L
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
L
STEARIC
‫اﺳﺘﺌﺎرﻳﻚ‬
L
PHTHALIC
‫ﻓﺘﺎﻟﻴﻚ‬
PERFLUORO ALKOXY
--
OLEIC
‫اوﻟﺌﻴﻚ‬
POLYVINYLIDENE FLORIDE
L
MATHYL SULFURIC
‫ﻣﺘﻴﻞ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﻚ‬
POLYVINYL CHLORIE
FORMIC
‫ﻓﻮرﻣﻴﻚ‬
NITRIC
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
--
CHLORO ACETIC
‫ﻛﻠﺮواﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
HYDROGEN SULFIDE
‫ﻫﻴﺪروژن ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬
L
BENZENE SULFONIC
‫ﺑﻨﺰن ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮﻧﻴﻚ‬
HYDROFLUORIC
‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻓﻠﻮرﻳﻚ‬
L
--
L
--
L
--
--
L
L
L
--
--
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ‬-1
PE
POLYPROPYLENE
ADIPIC
‫ادي ﭘﻴﻚ‬
HYDROCHLORIC
‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﻠﺮﻳﻚ‬
--
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﭘﺮوﭘﻴﻠﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬
1. THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL
POLYETHYLENE
ACETIC
‫اﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
CHLOROSULFONIC
‫ﻛﻠﺮوﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮﻧﻴﻚ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
PP
CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION
PTFE
PVDF
PFA
PA
‫ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬
L
L
--
--
2. THERMOSETTING MATERIAL
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ‬-2
PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE
‫ﻓﻨﻞ ﻓﻮرﻣﺎﻟﺪ ﻫﻴﺪ‬
L
L
--
L
--
--
L
L
L
L
--
L
--
L
--
L
--
L
--
L
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻓﻨﻠﻴﻚ‬
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
R
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬
--
L
L
L
L
L
R
R
--
R
--
R
--
L
L
L
--
L
L
R
‫اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
--
L
--
L
L
L
R
R
--
L
--
L
L
--
L
--
--
L
L
L
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اورﺗﺎن‬
--
L
L
R
L
--
--
L
--
L
--
L
--
R
--
--
--
R
--
R
EPOXY PHENOLIC
POLYESTER
EPOXY
POLY URETHANE
PU
PF
163
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
TABLE 6- 8/8 (continued)
(8‫ از‬8) (‫ )اداﻣﻪ‬-6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬
POLYCHLOROPRENE
--
R
L
L
--
--
L
L
--
L
--
R
L
--
L
L
L
L
L
--
R
L
L
--
--
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
R
R
R
--
R
L
R
NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC POLYISOPRENE IR&NR
‫ﭘﻠﻲ اﻳﺰوﭘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬
--
--
--
L
--
--
--
R
--
L
--
R
L
--
--
R
--
--
--
--
BUTYL RUBBER
--
R
L
L
L
--
R
R
--
L
--
R
L
--
L
R
R
--
L
L
--
L
L
L
--
--
L
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
--
R
--
L
R
R
L
R
--
L
--
L
--
L
--
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
R
R
--
--
--
L
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
L
--
L
L
L
L
--
--
R
--
R
L
R
L
R
L
L
L
L
L
L
--
L
L
L
--
--
L
R
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
L
R
L
--
R
R
--
R
R
--
R
R
R
--
R
R
L
--
L
L
L
--
L
--
--
L
--
--
L
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
‫ﭘﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
FURANE
‫ﻓﻮران‬
3. RUBBERS
‫ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ‬-3
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻮﺗﻴﻞ‬
NITRYL& CARBOXYLATED NITRIL NBR
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ و ﻛﺮﺑﻮاﻛﺴﻴﻠﺖ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻞ‬
CHLORINATED RUBBER
CSM (CHLORO
SULFORATED POLYETHYLENE)
(‫ﻛﺎﺋﻮﭼﻮ )ﻛﻠﺮوﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرﻳﺖ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺗﻴﻠﻦ‬
HARD & ELBONITE
‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ و اﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ‬
FLUORINATED RUBBER
FRM (FLORO RUBBER
OF POLYMETHYLENE TYPE)
(‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻠﻮره )ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﻠﻮرو از ﻧﻮع ﭘﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﻴﻠﻦ‬
CHLORO PRENE
‫ﻛﻠﺮوﭘﺮﻳﻦ‬
4. MINERAL&BITUMEN MATERIAL
GLASS,PORCELAIN
CERAMIC (STONEWARE)
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ و ﻗﻴﺮي‬-4
‫ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬، ‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
(‫ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻚ ) ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﺨﺖ‬
BRICK AND TILE
‫آﺟﺮ و ﻛﺎﺷﻲ‬
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
CEMENT MORTAR
‫ﻣﻼت ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
--
R
--
R
R
--
R
R
--
--
--
R
--
R
R
--
--
R
--
R
--
R
R
R
L
--
R
R
--
L
--
L
--
R
L
--
--
R
--
R
CEMENT/RESIN FURAN,PHENOLIC,EPOXY,
POLYESTER, SULFUR, ASPHALT
‫ آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬،‫ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬،‫ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ‬،‫ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬،‫ ﻓﻨﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن – رزﻳﻦ ﻓﻮران‬
COALTAR
‫ﻗﻄﺮان ذﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ‬
--
L
--
R
L
--
--
L
--
L
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
BITUMEN
‫ﻗﻴﺮ‬
--
L
--
L
--
--
--
L
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
L
--
164
Jan. 2010/ 1388 ‫دي‬
IPS-E-TP-350(1)
Commercially available under the registered trade mark "
Hypolun "
.‫از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺠﺎري ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺎرك ﻫﻴﭙﺎﻟﻮن ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
Ebonites are rubbers with a hardness valve of milrast 60° type D
shore and be produced from NR synthetic ISO prene rubber (IR)
SER, NBR or blends there of
‫ درﺟﻪ ﻧﻮع دي ﺷﻮر ﺑﻮده و از ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬60 ‫اﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻣﻴﻠﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ ﻳﺎ آﻣﻴﺨﺘﻪ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬NBR ، SER ،NR ‫اﻳﺰوﭘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬
Commercially available under the registered trade mark " Vition"
.‫از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺠﺎري ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺎرك "وﻳﺸﻦ" ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
165