IPS-G-ME-160(2)
FOREWORD
The Iranian Petroleum Standards (IPS) reflect the
views of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum and
are intended for use in the oil and gas production
facilities,
oil
refineries,
chemical
and
petrochemical plants, gas handling and processing
installations and other such facilities.
IPS is based on internationally acceptable
standards and includes selections from the items
stipulated in the referenced standards. They are
also supplemented by additional requirements
and/or modifications based on the experience
acquired by the Iranian Petroleum Industry and
the local market availability. The options which
are not specified in the text of the standards are
itemized in data sheet/s, so that, the user can
select his appropriate preferences therein.
The IPS standards are therefore expected to be
sufficiently flexible so that the users can adapt
these standards to their requirements. However,
they may not cover every requirement of each
project. For such cases, an addendum to IPS
Standard shall be prepared by the user which
elaborates the particular requirements of the user.
This addendum together with the relevant IPS
shall form the job specification for the specific
project or work.
The IPS is reviewed and up-dated approximately
every five years. Each standards are subject to
amendment or withdrawal, if required, thus the
latest edition of IPS shall be applicable
The users of IPS are therefore requested to send
their views and comments, including any
addendum prepared for particular cases to the
following address. These comments and
recommendations will be reviewed by the relevant
technical committee and in case of approval will
be incorporated in the next revision of the
standard.
Standards and Research department
No.19, Street14, North kheradmand
Karimkhan Avenue, Tehran, Iran.
Postal Code- 1585886851
Tel: 88810459-60 & 66153055
Fax: 88810462
Email: Standards@nioc.org
‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﺎر‬
‫( ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه دﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬IPS) ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
‫وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻔﺖ‬
،‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ و ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬،‫و ﮔﺎز‬
‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و ﻓﺮاورش ﮔﺎز و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬
.‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺰﻳﺪهﻫﺎﺋﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎت ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻛﺸﻮر‬.‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاردي‬،‫و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻻ از ﺑﺎزار داﺧﻠﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻴﺎز‬
.‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ اﺻﻼﺣﻲ در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻮاردي از ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ آورده ﻧﺸﺪه‬
‫اﺳﺖ در داده ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺷﻤﺎره ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﺪه‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
.‫اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪيﻫﺎي ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ را ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص‬.‫ﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪ‬.‫آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ آن ﭘﺮوژه و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎر‬،‫ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
.‫ﺧﺎص را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داد‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻫﺮ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎل ﻳﻜﺒﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و روزآﻣﺪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردي ﺣﺬف و ﻳﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﺑﻪ آن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ‬
.‫ﻫﻤﻮاره آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎ و‬،‫از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات اﺻﻼﺣﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮارد‬
‫ ﻧﻈﺮات و‬.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ارﺳﺎل ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺧﺎص ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدهاﻧﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ در ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و در‬
‫ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ در ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬
.‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻮﭼﻪ‬،‫ ﺧﺮدﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬،‫ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﻛﺮﻳﻤﺨﺎن زﻧﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮان‬،‫اﻳﺮان‬
19 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ﭼﻬﺎردﻫﻢ‬
‫اداره ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬
1585886851 : ‫ﻛﺪﭘﺴﺘﻲ‬
66153055 ‫ و‬88810459 - 60 : ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬
021-88810462 : ‫دور ﻧﮕﺎر‬
Standards@nioc.org
:‫ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ‬
:‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
GENERAL DEFINITIONS:
Throughout this Standard
definitions shall apply.
the
following
COMPANY:
Refers to one of the related and/or affiliated
companies of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum
such as National Iranian Oil Company, National
Iranian Gas Company, National Petrochemical
Company and National Iranian Oil Refinery And
Distribution Company.
PURCHASER:
Means the "Company" where this standard is a
part of direct purchaser order by the “Company”,
and the “Contractor” where this Standard is a part
of contract documents.
VENDOR AND SUPPLIER:
Refers to firm or person who will supply and/or
fabricate the equipment or material.
CONTRACTOR:
Refers to the persons, firm or company whose
tender has been accepted by the company.
EXECUTOR:
Executor is the party which carries out all or part of
construction and/or commissioning for the project.
INSPECTOR:
The Inspector referred to in this Standard is a
person/persons or a body appointed in writing by
the company for the inspection of fabrication and
installation work
SHALL:
Is used where a provision is mandatory.
SHOULD:
Is used where a provision is advisory only.
.‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
:‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ‬،‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﮔﺎز اﻳﺮان‬،‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ و ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ و ﭘﺨﺶ ﻓﺮآوردهﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻧﻔﺘﻲ اﻃﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
:‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ "ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ" ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﺳﻔﺎرش‬
‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ آن ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﻗﺮارداد آن اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه و ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻣﻮرد ﻟﺰوم ﺻﻨﻌﺖ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
:‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدش‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺼﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﻣﺠﺮي‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮي ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ اﻃﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي‬
.‫اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ و ﻳﺎ راه اﻧﺪازي ﭘﺮوژه را اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‬
:‫ﺑﺎزرس‬
‫ﮔﺮوه ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪاي اﻃﻼق‬/‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎزرس ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد‬
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻧﺼﺐ‬،‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺒﺎً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ‬
.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺟﺒﺎري اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬
.‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮورت اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
WILL:
Is normally used in connection with the action by
the “Company” rather than by a contractor,
supplier or vendor.
MAY:
Is used where a provision is completely
discretionary.
:‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
.‫ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺧﺘﻴﺎري ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
0
GENERAL STANDARD
FOR
WATER COOLING TOWERS
SECOND REVISION
OCTOBER 2009
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ و ﻛــﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬
‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ دوم‬
1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
This Standard is the property of Iranian Ministry of
Petroleum. All rights are reserved to the owner. Neither
whole nor any part of this document maybe disclosed to any
third party, reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior
written consent of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum.
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺣﻘﻮق آن ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ‬.‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ آن ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
،‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬،‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬،‫از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﻳﺎ روش دﻳﮕﺮي در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻓﺮاد ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
Page
No.
CONTENTS:
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
:‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
1. SCOPE................................................................ 4
4 ..................................................... ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
2. REFERENCES .................................................. 4
4 ............................................................. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
3. CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS............... 6
6 ............................................... ‫ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮت در اﺳﻨﺎد‬-3
4. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY ......... 7
7 ................................................ ‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و واژﮔﺎن‬-4
4.1 Service Conditions ....................................... 7
7 .......................................... ‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي‬1-4
5. UNITS ................................................................. 7
7 ............................................................ ‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-5
PART 1 ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬1 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
6. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ............................ 8
8 ..................................................‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬-6
6.1 Parameters Involved in the Design of the
Cooling Towers.............................................. 8
‫ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي درﮔﻴﺮ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي‬1-6
8 ................................................ ‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
6.2 General Thermal Design ............................. 8
8 ................................. ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬2-6
6.3 Water Quality Requirements...................... 10
10 ....................................... ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ آب‬3-6
6.4 Water Losses ................................................ 11
11 ................................................... ‫ اﺗﻼف آب‬4-6
6.5 Water Distribution Systems........................ 11
11 ................................... ‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب‬5-6
6.6 Winter Operation Design Requirements ... 13
13 .................... ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻛﺎرﻛﺮد زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬6-6
6.7 Water Basin Design ..................................... 18
18 ..................................... ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب‬7-6
6.8 Sitting, Orientation, Spacing and
Environmental Considerations .................... 21
‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬،‫ ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬8-6
21 ........................................... ‫زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
6.9 Mechanical and Electrical Equipment....... 25
25 ....................... ‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ و ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬9-6
6.10 Safety Provisions........................................ 31
31 ............................................. ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬10-6
1
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IPS-G-ME-160(2)
6.11 Special Requirements ................................ 33
33 .............................................. ‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺧﺎص‬11-6
6.12 Performance Tests ..................................... 35
35 .................................... ‫ آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد‬12-6
6.13 Warranties and Guarantees...................... 35
35 ................................... ‫ ﺗﻌﻬﺪات و ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺎ‬13-6
PART 2 MATERIALS
‫ ﻣﻮاد‬2 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
7. PURPOSE AND GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS............................................. 36
36 ......................................... ‫ﻫﺪف و اﻟﺰﻣﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬-7
8. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION ............. 36
36 ...................................................... ‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬-8
8.1 Basin.............................................................. 37
37 ..................................................... ‫ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬1-8
8.2 Basin Sump................................................... 37
37 ............................................‫ ﭼﺎﻻب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬2-8
8.3 Cooling Tower Framework (Structure)..... 37
37 .....................(‫ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه )ﺳﺎزه‬3-8
8.4 Casing ........................................................... 38
38 ....................................................... ‫ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬4-8
8.5 Splash Type Packings .................................. 38
38 ................................. ‫ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮع ﭼﻜﻪ اي‬5-8
8.6 Film Type Packings ..................................... 38
38 ................................. ‫ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮع ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ‬6-8
8.7 Spray Nozzles ............................................... 38
38 ................................................. ‫ اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ‬7-8
8.8 Louvers ......................................................... 38
38 .................................................... ‫ ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬8-8
8.9 Drift Eliminators.......................................... 39
39 ........................... ‫ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬9-8
8.10 Blade of Axial Flow Type Fans................. 39
39 ..........................‫ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺤﻮري‬10-8
8.11 Blade of Centrifugal Flow type Fans........ 39
39 ............................ ‫ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬11-8
8.12 Fan Hub ...................................................... 39
39 ........................................... ‫ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ‬12-8
8.13 Fan Deck ..................................................... 39
39 ................................................ ‫ ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ‬13-8
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Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
8.14 Fan Stack (Cylinder) ................................. 40
40 .................................. (‫ دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ )اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ‬14-8
8.15 Fan Shaft, Discs, Flexible Coupling,
and Bolting.................................................. 40
‫ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ‬، ‫ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ دﻳﺴﻚ ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ‬15-8
40 ........................... ‫اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ و ﭘﻴﭻ و ﻣﻬﺮه‬
8.16 Hardware (Bolts, Nuts, Washers, Nails,
Lag Screws and Washers).......................... 40
، ‫ ﻣﻴﺦ ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ واﺷﺮﻫﺎ‬، ‫ ﻣﻬﺮه ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ ﺳﺨﺖ اﻓﺰار )ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ‬16 -8
40 ....................... (‫ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻴﻤﻪ رزوه و واﺷﺮﻫﺎ‬
8.17 Supports and Guards for Mechanical
Equipment, Electric Motor Support,
Ladders, Safety Cages and Gratings ......... 40
، ‫ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و ﺣﻔﺎظ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬17-8
‫ ﺣﻔﺎظ ﻫﺎي‬، ‫ ﻧﺮدﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻗﻲ‬
40 ........................ ‫اﻳﻤﻨﻲ و ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻒ ﭘﻮش‬
8.18 Packings Supports and Hangers............... 41
41 ................. ‫ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و ﮔﻴﺮه ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ‬18-8
8.19 Tower Supports.......................................... 41
41 .................................... ‫ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮج‬19-8
8.20 Risers, Manifolds, Reducers and
Distributors................................................. 41
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ و‬، ‫ ﭼﻨﺪ راﻫﻪ ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ‬20-8
41 .......................................... ‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬
8.21 Risers and Trash Racks Including
Frame .......................................................... 41
41 ........ ‫ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و آﺷﻐﺎل ﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ‬21-8
8.22 Gear (Speed Reducer) Casing................... 41
41 ............... (‫ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه )ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬22-8
APPENDICES:
:‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ‬
APPENDIX A INFORMATION TO
BE PROVIDED BY THE
PURCHASER ............................... 42
42 ...... ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ اﻟﻒ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار آﻣﺎده ﮔﺮدد‬
APPENDIX B INFORMATION TO
BE PROVIDED BY VENDOR.... 47
47 . ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ب اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
APPENDIX C CONSIDERATION ON SOME
FACTORS AFFECTING
RECIRCULATION ...................... 53
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ج ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺗﻲ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ‬
53 ............................................ ‫ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬
3
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
1. SCOPE
This Standard specification covers the
minimum requirements for the water cooling
towers, where is applicable in the refineries and
petrochemical plants with their specific service
conditions. This standard is included in two
parts as follow:
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻛﻪ در ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ و ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎت ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ‬.‫وﻳﮋه ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ را ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‬
:‫ﺑﺮ دو ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺸﺮح ذﻳﻞ اﺳﺖ‬
requirements
with
Part 1: Engineering
exception of civil and structural engineering
matters.
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﻣﻮارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن و‬:1 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
Part 2: Material of different parts and relevant
components.
.‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و اﺟﺰاء ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬:2 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
.‫ﺳﺎزه‬
:1 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 1:
‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ در ﻓﺮوردﻳﻦ ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
‫ از اﻳﻦ‬.‫( ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬1) ‫ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬1385
.‫( اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد داراي اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬0) ‫ﭘﺲ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
This is a revised version of the standard
specification by the relevant technical
committee on Mar. 2006, which is issued as
revision (1). Revision (0) of the said standard
specification is withdrawn.
:2 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 2:
‫ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻓﻮق‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد دو زﺑﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬1388‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در آﺑﺎن ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
‫ از اﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬.‫( اراﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‬2) ‫ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
.‫( اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﺴﻮخ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬1)
This bilingual standard is a revised version of
the standard specification by the relevant
technical committee on October 2009, which is
issued as revision (2). Revision (1) of the said
standard specification is withdrawn.
:3 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 3:
‫ ﻣﺘﻦ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬،‫در ﺻﻮرت اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ و اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﻼك ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
In case of conflict between Farsi and English
languages, English language shall govern.
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
2. REFERENCES
Throughout this Standard the following dated
and undated standards/codes are referred to.
These referenced documents shall, to the extent
specified herein, form a part of this standard.
For dated references, the edition cited applies.
The applicability of changes in dated references
that occur after the cited date shall be mutually
agreed upon by the Company and the Vendor.
For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced
documents
(including
any
supplements and amendments) applies.
‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار و ﺑﺪون‬
‫ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ‬،‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬.‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ زﻳﺮ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ‬
‫ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻼك‬،‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار‬.‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
،‫ﺑﻮده و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ در آﻧﻬﺎ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ در‬.‫ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ و ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻧﻀﻤﺎم ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﺻﻼﺣﺎت‬،‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬
.‫و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎي آن ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
BSI(BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION)
(‫ )ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬BSI
BS 4235: Part 1
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺎرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ و ﺟﺎ ﺧﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮازي و‬
"‫ﺧﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻲ‬
"Specification
for
Metric Keys and
Keyways
Parallel
and Taper Keys"
4
BS 4235: Part 1
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
BS 4485: Part 2 (1988) "Water
Cooling
Towers : Method for
Performance
Testing"
:‫ "ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬BS 4485: Part 2(1988)
"‫روش آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي‬
BS 4485: Part 3(1988) "Water
Cooling
Towers (Code of
Practice for Thermal
and
Functional
Design)"
‫ "ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬BS 4485 Part 3(1988)
‫)آﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
"(‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي‬
BS 4485: Part 4(1996) "Water
Cooling
Towers, Code of
Practice
for
Structural
Design
and Construction"
‫ "ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬BS 4485 Part 4(1996)
‫)آﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
"(‫ﺳﺎزه و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
BS / ISO 281
‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻏﻠﺘﺸﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ و‬
"‫ﻣﻴﺰان ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ‬
"Specification
for
Rolling
BearingsDynamic
Load
Ratings and Rating
Life"
BS/ISO 281
(‫ )ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬CTI
CTI (COOLING TOWER INSTITUTE)
CTI Bulletin WMS-112 "Pressure
Preservation
of
Lumber
for
Industrial
Water
Cooling Towers"
‫ "ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﭼﻮﺑﻬﺎ و اﻟﻮار‬CTI Bulletin WMS-112
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬
"‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬
CTI Bulletin NCL-109 "Nomenclature for
Industrial
Water
Cooling Towers"
‫ "ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ واژهﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي‬CTI Bulletin NCL 109
"‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬
CTI Bulletin ATC-105 "The
Design
of
Cooling Towers with
Douglas
FIR
Lumbers"
‫ " ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬CTI Bulletin ATC-105
‫آب ﺑﺎ اﻟﻮارﻫﺎي از ﻧﻮع داﮔﻼس‬
" ‫ﻓﻴﺮ‬
" ‫ "ﭼﻮب داﮔﻼس ﻓﻴﺮ‬CTI Bulletin STD-114
CTI Bulletin STD-114" Douglas FIR Wood"
AGMA (AMERICAN GEAR
MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION)
(‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﭼﺮخ دﻧﺪه اﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬AGMA
"Gear Specifications"
"‫"ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﭼﺮخدﻧﺪه‬
(‫ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬IPS
IPS(IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS)
IPS-E-GN-100 "Engineering Standard for
Units"
"‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي واﺣﺪ ﻫﺎ‬IPS-E-GN-100
"Engineering Standard for
Paint"
"‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي رﻧﮓ‬IPS-E-TP-100
IPS-E-TP-100
5
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-M-PM-230 "Material and Equipment
Standard
for
Special
Purpose Centrifugal Fans"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮاد و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي‬IPS-M-PM-230
"‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ در ﻣﺼﺎرف ﺧﺎص‬
IPS-M-PM-235 "Material and Equipment
Standard
for
General
Purpose Centrifugal Fans"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮاد و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي‬IPS-M-PM-235
"‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ در ﻣﺼﺎرف ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
IPS-E-SF-400
"Engineering Standard for
Industrial Stairs, Ladders,
Platforms & Scaffolds"
،‫ ﻧﺮدﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ‬،‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﭘﻠﻜﺎن ﻫﺎ‬
"‫ﺳﻜﻮﻫﺎ و دارﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬
IPS-E-SF-400
IPS-E-SF-880
"Engineering Standard for
Water Pollution Control"
"‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ آب‬
IPS-E-SF-880
IPS-G-SF-900 "General Standard for Noise
Control and Vibration "
‫ " اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﺮ و ﺻﺪا و‬IPS-G-SF-900
"‫ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت‬
IPS-M-EL-132 "Material and Equipment
Standard for Medium and
High Voltage Induction
Motors"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮاد و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎي‬IPS-M-EL-132
"‫اﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي وﻟﺘﺎژ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﺑﺎﻻ‬
IPS-E-PR-755 "Engineering Standard for
Process Design of Fans and
Blowers "
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬IPS-E-PR-755
" ‫ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪي ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ و دﻣﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬
IPS-E-PR-790 "Engineering Standard for
Process Design of Cooling
Towers "
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬IPS-E-PR-790
"‫ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
IPS-E-EL-110 "Engineering Standard for
Hazardous Area "
‫ " اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺪوده‬IPS E-EL-110
"‫ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك‬
(‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ آﺗﺶ‬NFPA
NFPA (NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION
ASSOCIATION)
NFP A 214
"Standard on Water-cooling
Towers"
"‫"اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬
NFP A 214
(‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ آزﻣﻮن و ﻣﻮاد آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ASTM
ASTM(AMERICAN
SOCIETY
FOR
TESTING AND MATERIALS)
ASTM E 84 (2003) "Standard Test Method
for Surface Burning
Characteristics
of
Building Materials"
1
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫ " روش آزﻣﻮن اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺮاي‬ASTM E 84(2003)
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
"‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮت در اﺳﻨﺎد‬-3
3. CONFLICTING REQUIREMENTS
‫در ﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد اﺧﺘﻼف و ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺾ در اﺳﻨﺎد و ﻣﺪارك ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ‬
‫ اﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺪارك ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫اﺳﺘﻌﻼم ﻳﺎ ﺳﻔﺎرش ﺧﺮﻳﺪ‬
:‫ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
In case of conflict between documents relating
to the enquiry or order, the following priority of
documents shall apply:
.‫ ﺳﻔﺎرش ﺧﺮﻳﺪ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات آن‬: ‫ اوﻟﻮﻳﺖ اول‬-
- First Priority: Purchase order and
variations thereto.
6
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
- Second
drawings.
Priority:
Data
sheets
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
.‫ داده ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ‬: ‫ اوﻟﻮﻳﺖ دوم‬-
and
.‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬: ‫ اوﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺳﻮم‬-
- Third Priority: This Standard.
‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮت ﻫﺎ در اﺳﻨﺎد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻛﺘﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ارﺟﺎع داده‬
‫ ﻣﺪارك‬،‫ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي روﺷﻦ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬.‫ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪي را ﺻﺎدر ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﻛﺮد‬
All conflicting requirements shall be referred to
the purchaser in writing the purchaser will issue
conforming documentation if needed for
clarification.
2
‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و واژﮔﺎن‬-4
4. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و واژﮔﺎن اراﺋﻪ‬
CTI Bulletin ‫ و‬BS 4485 Part 2&3‫ﺷﺪه در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬NCL-109
For the purpose of this Standard definitions and
terminology given in BS 4485 Part 2&3 and
CTI Bulletin NCL-109 shall be used.
‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي‬1-4
4.1 Service Conditions
‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺮاي اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب در ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ و واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺎص‬
.‫ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
This Standard is prepared to be used for the
technical requirements of the water cooling
towers in the refineries and petrochemical
plants with their specific service conditions.
‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-5
5. UNITS
‫ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ‬،(SI) ‫ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬،‫ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬IPS-E-GN-100 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪ دﻳﮕﺮي اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
This standard is based on International System
of Units (SI), as per IPS-E-GN-100 except
where otherwise specified.
7
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
PART 1
1 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS
‫اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬-6
6. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
The matters described in this Part of standard
are the minimum requirements which shall be
considered in the design of water cooling
towers.
6.1 Parameters Involved in the Design of the
Cooling Towers
‫ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي درﮔﻴﺮ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬1-6
The parameters involved in the design of the
water cooling towers are described in this
Standard and those included in the Appendices
"A" and "B" of this Standard. Appendix "A"
shall be filled up by purchaser and provided to
the Vendor and Appendix "B" shall be filled up
by Vendor and submitted to purchaser along
with other documents.
‫ در اﻳﻦ‬،‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي درﮔﻴﺮ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬
‫ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد و در ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي اﻟﻒ و ب آن ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬
.‫اﻟﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه و ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﺪارك‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار اراﺋﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬2-6
6.2 General Thermal Design
‫ اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬1-2-6
6.2.1 Thermal design principles
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد‬1988 ‫ ﺳﺎل‬BS 4485 ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3 ‫ از ﺑﺨﺶ‬3 ‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
Clause 3 of standard BS 4485: Part 3: 1988
shall be considered.
‫ ﻧﻮع ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬2-2-6
6.2.2 Type of packings
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻮع ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ و ﻳﻚ ﮔﺰارش‬
.‫از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار اراﺋﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
All requirements having effect on the selected
type of packings shall be reviewed by Vendor
considering the followings and a report shall be
submitted to the purchaser:
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﻛﺮدن ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
a) Packing assembly
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﺮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ و ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ و ﺗﺎب‬
‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﭘﺮ ﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ از ﻧﻮع ﭼﻜﻪ اي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه‬.‫ﺑﺮﻧﺪارﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺼﺐ اﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
Individual packing assemblies shall be
removable and designed to prevent
movement or sagging. If splash type
packings are selected, provisions shall be
made by Vendor for horizontal installation.
‫ب(اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‬
b) Optimum design requirements
‫ﻧﻮع ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي‬.‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد‬
The type of packings shall be selected to
provide the optimum design requirements.
These optimum design requirements and the
parameters to determine them shall be
specified by Vendor.
8
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
c) Analysis and temperature of water
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫ج( آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ و درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت آب‬
The Vendor shall study the design
requirements of cooling tower and propose
the required procedures for water filtration
or treatment, make up water required and
selected type of packings based on
economical and technical evaluation of
different systems to justify the selected type
of packings.
‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه را ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ و دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ ﺻﺎف ﻛﺮدن ﻳﺎ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ‬
‫ آب ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻮع ﭘﺮﻛﻦ را ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬،‫آب‬
‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻧﻮع‬
.‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫د( اﻧﻮاع ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و وﻇﺎﻳﻒ آﻧﻬﺎ‬
d) Type of cooling tower and its duty
If the cooling tower duty is to cool a certain
amount of warm water in an open circuit
and discharge it to river, lake, sea, or
similar type of disposals, it may be possible
to use splash type packings with adequate
water filtration to eliminate the necessity of
performing frequent washing of packings.
In this case enough space shall be provided
between packings elements.
‫اﮔﺮ وﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺮد ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ آب‬
‫ درﻳﺎ ﻳﺎ‬،‫ درﻳﺎﭼﻪ‬،‫ﮔﺮم در ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪار ﺑﺎز و ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آن ﺑﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﭘﺮﻛﻦﻫﺎي‬،‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﭼﻜﻪاي ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺻﺎف ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻜﻔﻲ آب ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺣﺬف‬
‫ در‬.‫ﺿﺮورت اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻜﺮر ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮي ﭘﺮﻛﻦﻫﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ اﺟﺰاء ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻫ( اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻫﻮا‬
e) Air pressure drop
‫ﻣﻴﺰان اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻫﻮا از ﻣﻴﺎن ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﻮان ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
،‫و ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺮج در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
.‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
Air pressure drop through the packings shall
be optimized to decrease the fans power in
mechanical drought cooling towers and
tower height in natural drought cooling
towers.
‫و( اﺑﻌﺎد ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
f) Cooling tower dimensions
‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ آﻧﻜﻪ‬.‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻮع ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ را ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎ دادن ﺑﺮج‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬.‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺿﺮوري ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺻﺎف ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب ﮔﺮدﺷﻲ و ﻣﻘﺪار‬
.‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ آب ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
The Vendor shall review the available space
for the cooling tower to select proper type
of packings, because it may be necessary to
use film type packings to fit the cooling
tower in the available space. In this case
proper filtration and treatment of circulating
water and optimum quantity of make up
water shall be used.
‫ز( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺪار آب ﮔﻴﺮي‬
g) Minimum water loading
‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﮔﺰارش ﺧﻮد ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن از ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺗﺎ‬
.‫ ﻓﺮار ﺟﺮﻳﺎن اﺗﻔﺎق ﻧﻤﻲ اﻓﺘﺪ‬،‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
The Vendor shall provide technical
justification in the report that in the selected
type of packings no channeling will happen
when the cooling tower is operating at all
flow rates from minimum to maximum.
‫ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬3-2-6
6.2.3 Drift eliminators
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﻣﺤﻞ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬،‫ﻧﻮع‬
.‫ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت زﻳﺮ را ﺑﺮآورده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
The type, design and location of drift
eliminators shall be selected in a way as to
provide the following requirements:
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Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫اﻟﻒ( داراي ﺑﺎزده ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ذرات آب و رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬
a) Optimum efficiency to separate water
particles and moisture carried by air to limit
the maximum allowable drift loss to 0.01%
of the design water flow rate for fresh water
services and 0.008% for salty and brackish
water services, unless otherwise specified.
‫ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺠﺎز اﺗﻼف‬
‫ درﺻﺪ از ﻧﺮخ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬0/01 ‫آب ﻫﻤﺮاه را ﺗﺎ ﻣﻴﺰان‬
‫ درﺻﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬0/008 ‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي آب ﺗﺎزه و‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ ﻃﻮر‬،‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي آب ﺷﻮر و ﺑﺪﻣﺰه ﻣﺤﺪود ﻛﻨﺪ‬
.‫دﻳﮕﺮي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
b) They shall be easily removable and
accessible to permit maintenance and repair.
In counterflow type cooling towers, drift
eliminators design shall allow ready access
to distribution system headers, laterals and
nozzles and in crossflow type towers, the
drift eliminator’s design, shall include
removable sections to allow access to the
tower packings area.
‫ب( آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ و دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
c) Effective drift eliminators shall be used
to optimize the drift losses not to create
excessive pressure drop in the air flow path,
which causes either using fans with higher
capacities in mechanical draught cooling
towers or a higher height for natural draught
cooling towers.
‫ج( ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻣﻮرد‬
‫ در ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ‬.‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري را ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺟﺎزه‬،‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس‬
‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ و‬،‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ آﺳﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪرﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎ را ﺑﺪﻫﺪ و در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﻧﻮع ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﺬف‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
.‫اﺟﺎزه دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮج را ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ اﺗﻼف آب ﻫﻤﺮاه را ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ و در‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر زﻳﺎدي را اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﻜﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺎز ﮔﺮدش ﻫﻮا‬4-2-6
6.2.4 Recirculation
‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺰارش ﺣﺎوي ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻜﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺎز ﮔﺮدش ﻫﻮا در آن‬
:‫ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
A detailed report shall be prepared by the
Vendor and submitted to the purchaser
considering the following points to optimize
the quantity of recirculated air:
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3 ‫ از ﺑﺨﺶ‬5.2.4 ‫ و‬5.2.3 ،7.3 ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
a) Clauses 7.3, 5.2.3 and 5.2.4 of BS
.1988 ‫ ﺳﺎل‬BS 4485
4485: Part 3: 1988.
.‫ب( ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ "ج" اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
b) Appendix "C" of this Standard.
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ آب‬3-6
6.3 Water Quality Requirements
:‫ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
The following elements shall be considered by
the Vendor:
a) Clauses 8.4, 8.6 and 8.7 of BS:4485: Part
3: 1988.
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3 ‫ از ﺑﺨﺶ‬8.7‫ و‬8.6,8.4‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
b) Other relevant requirements in this
Standard.
.‫ب( دﻳﮕﺮ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.1988 ‫ ﺳﺎل‬BS 4485
‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺰارش ﻛﻪ در آن ﻣﻮارد ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺎﻻ در‬
.‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
A report shall be prepared by the Vendor and
submitted to the purchaser considering the
above mentioned elements.
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Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫در اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ و ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮاي داﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه از ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
.‫ﻧﻈﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻓﻨﻲ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
In this report optimum selected procedures and
designs to have the best cooling tower
operation from economical and technical
points of view shall be stated.
‫ اﺗﻼف آب‬4-6
6.4 Water Losses
:‫اﺗﻼف آب در ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ اﺳﺖ‬
Water losses from the cooling tower consist of:
‫اﻟﻒ( اﺗﻼف ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ‬
a) Evaporation losses(1);
‫ب( اﺗﻼف دور رﻳﺰ‬
b) Purge losses (blow down);
‫ج( اﺗﻼف ﺑﺮون ﭘﺎﺷﻲ‬
c) Blow out losses;
‫د( اﺗﻼف ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬
d) Drift losses.
A report shall be prepared by the Vendor
considering Clause 8.2 of BS 4485: Part 3:
1988 and the following points and submitted to
the purchaser:
3 ‫ از ﺑﺨﺶ‬8.2 ‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺰارش ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ و ﻧﻜﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ‬1988 ‫ ﺳﺎل‬BS 4485 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
This report shall include detailed calculation to
determine above mentioned losses and
provisions foreseen in the design of cooling
tower to optimize and compensate them.
Economical and technical evaluation shall also
be included in this report for different amounts
of the concentration factors, water losses and
water treatment and filtration procedures and
the selected ones shall be specified too. It is
notable that price evaluation of all effective
factors such as make-up water, equipment, etc.
shall be done in this report.
‫اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﺗﻼف‬
‫ﻓﻮق و دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎي ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪه در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارش‬.‫ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي و ﺟﺒﺮان آﻧﻬﺎ را ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﺪ‬،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬
‫ روﺷﻬﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ و ﺻﺎف ﻛﺮدن‬،‫ اﺗﻼف آب‬،‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬
‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ذﻛﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬.‫آب و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮع اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و‬،‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ آب ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ‬
.‫ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارش آورده ﺷﻮد‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫ درﺻﺪ ﻧﺮخ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ‬2/7 ‫اﺗﻼف ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮي ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
.‫ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The evaporation losses shall not exceed 2.7%
of the total circulating water flow rate.
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب‬5-6
6.5 Water Distribution Systems
:‫ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
The following factors shall be considered:
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
a) distribution
‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرﺗﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺑﺮوي‬
.‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
They shall be designed in a way to have an
even water distribution over packings.
‫ب( ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬
b) Capacity
‫ درﺻﺪ‬120 ‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
All pipings and relevant equipment shall be
designed for 120% capacity.
‫ج( ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ‬
c) Film type packing
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ )ﻓﻴﻠﻢ( ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب روي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
For cooling towers with film type packings,
spray nozzles shall be used for water
distribution over packings.
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Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫د( ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﭼﻜﻪ اي‬
d) Splash type packing
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﭼﻜﻪ اي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﺎزل‬
.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭼﻜﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
For cooling towers with splash type
packings, proper nozzles or splash plates
shall be used.
‫ﻫ( اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ‬
e) Spray nozzles
.‫ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺴﺪاد ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر‬
Spray nozzles shall be self draining, nonclogging type.
‫و( ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﻲ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‬
f) Mating piping connection
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ آب ورودي ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه آﻣﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ رده و ﻧﻮع ﺳﻄﺢ‬،‫ در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز‬.‫ﺑﻪ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻓﻠﻨﺠﻲ ﺧﺘﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬،‫ ﺟﻬﺖ و ارﺗﻔﺎع اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬،‫ﻓﻠﻨﺞ اﺗﺼﺎل‬
.‫ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Inlet water piping furnished by Vendor shall
terminate with flanged connections. Flange
rating and facing and the orientation and
elevation of the connections will be
specified where necessary to match
purchaser’s mating piping connection.
‫ز( ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس‬
g) For counterflow cooling towers:
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﺳﻠﻮل ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ‬.‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت و اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد‬،‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ و ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬‫ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ و‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎري ﻳﺎ اﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮي ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
.‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺬب ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري‬.‫ﻧﺎﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
- A separate central header shall be
provided on each cell complete with
laterals, fittings and spray nozzles.
- Headers and laterals shall be provided
with cleaning access or flush-out facilities
depending on the purchaser’s approval.
- Distribution systems shall incorporate
means of accommodating pressure surges.
‫ح( ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
h) For crossflow cooling towers
‫ ﻫﺮ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺎرج از ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬.‫ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت دﻳﮕﺮي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﺷﻌﻪ ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪ‬‫ در ﭘﻮﺷﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن‬.‫ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ و ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ دوره اي را ﺑﺪﻫﻨﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
.‫دﻳﮕﺮي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
- Each water distribution basin shall be fed
through a flow control valve. Valves shall
be mounted external to the distribution
header unless otherwise.
- Water distribution basins shall be covered
to exclude sunlight. Covers shall be
removable to permit access and periodic
inspection unless otherwise.
‫ط( دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
i) Partitions
‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ داده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮج ﺑﻪ آﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪن‬
‫ در ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آب ﻫﺮ ﺳﻠﻮل ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺠﺰا ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬،‫در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻤﻲ از ﺑﺮج ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪا ﻛﻨﻨﺪه داﺋﻤﻲ و ﺷﻴﺮ‬
.‫ از ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﺧﺎرج ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬،‫ﮔﺬاري ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬،‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب ﺳﺮد‬
.‫ﮔﺮدد‬
It is preferable that a tower be easily
divisible into maintenance areas. in the case
of multi-cell towers, each cell water system
shall be separately controlled.In natural
draught towers, maintenance may be based
on one-half of a tower being taken out of
commission by permanent dividing walls
and valving of the distribution system. The
cold water basin should be similarly
divided.
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‫در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
:‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
‫ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﻠﻮل ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬2 ‫ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي داراي‬.‫ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
In mechanical induced draught cooling
towers the followings shall be considered:
- Towers consisting of two or more cells
shall be provided with transverse partition
walls.
The walls shall extend from the normal
water level to the fan deck to permit each
cell to be taken out of service without
affecting the operation and capacity of other
cells.
‫دﻳـــﻮاره ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺳﻄــــﺢ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل آب ﺗﺎ ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ اﻣﺘﺪاد‬
‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺗﺎ اﺟﺎزه دﻫﺪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻠﻮل ﺑﺪون اﺛﺮ ﮔﺬاري ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و‬
.‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎ از ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﺧﺎرج ﺷﻮد‬
- Individual cells serving with two or more
fans shall be provided with partition walls.
The walls shall be centered between fans,
extending from the fan deck to the top of
the packing, to minimize the recirculation
of air and by passing of the packing when
one or more fans are not operating.
‫ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻓﻦ ﻛﺎر‬2 ‫ در ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬‫ دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎ‬.‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪا ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در وﺳﻂ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ و از ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ ﺗﺎ روي‬
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﻦ ﻛﺎر‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻫﻮا و ﻋﺒﻮر آن از ﻛﻨﺎر‬
.‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺷﻮد‬
In mechanical draught counterflow cooling
towers, individual cells serviced by one fan
and having more than one louver face shall
be provided with a partition wall. The
partition shall extend from the normal water
level in the basin to the elevation of the top
of the air inlet louver and shall be so located
as to prevent air from blowing from one
louver face through the other louver face.
،‫در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻦ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و داراي‬
‫ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﻳﻚ دﻳﻮار‬
‫ دﻳﻮاره ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل آب‬.‫ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ و‬.‫در ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻي ورودي ﻫﻮاي ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮ اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد ﻛﻪ ﺟﻠﻮي وزش ﻫﻮا را از ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
.‫ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ دﻳﮕﺮ آن ﺑﮕﻴﺮد‬
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻛﺎرﻛﺮد زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬6-6
6.6 Winter Operation Design Requirements
‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺎ را ﻣﻠﺰم ﺑﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات‬
‫ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺮات اﻧﺠﻤﺎد و ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ ﺑﻜﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﺎ‬1-6-6 ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از روﺷﻬﺎي ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ داده ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ از‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬7-6-6
If considering the following factors
necessitates provisions to face with freezing
and icing hazards, one or a combination of the
methods described in the following Clauses of
6.6.1 to 6.6.7 shall be employed in the design
of cooling tower:
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاي ﻏﺎﻟﺐ در ﻣﺤﻞ؛‬
a) weather conditions prevailing at site;
‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬،‫ب( اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻧﻮع‬
b) design requirements of the cooling tower
such as type, counterflow or crossflow,
range, approach and air and water flow
rates;
‫ روش و ﻧﺮخ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا و‬،‫ ﻣﺤﺪوده‬،‫ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
‫آب؛‬
‫ج( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب؛‬
c) water distribution system;
‫د( ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب و ﻣﺤﻞ آن؛‬
d) water basin design and its location;
‫ﻫ( ﻧﻘﺎط ﺑﺪون ﺣﺮﻛﺖ در ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ؛‬
e) stagnant points in any part of the cooling
tower;
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IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫و( ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬
f) other factors.
A complete and comprehensive report about
the required provision shall be prepared by the
Vendor and submitted to the purchaser. In this
report all above mentioned factors shall be
discussed and provisions provided to face with
freezing and icing hazard shall be stated.
‫ﻳﻚ ﮔﺰارش ﻛﺎﻣﻞ و ﺟﺎﻣﻊ درﺑﺎره ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬.‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
.‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﺠﻤﺎد و ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي دوﺳﺮﻋﺘﻪ و ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﻛﺮدن ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ‬1-6-6
6.6.1 Two speed fans and fans stopping
In order to decrease the air flow rate through
the forced draught or fan assisted natural
draught cooling towers, the following two
steps according to the degree of freezing
hazard may be implemented:
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺮخ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا درون ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ‬
‫ دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺮ‬،‫ﻛﻮران اﺟﺒﺎري ﻳﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﻦ‬
.‫اﺳﺎس ﻣﻴﺰان ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﺠﻤﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
Step 1: Reducing the fans speed of two speed
type.
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻦ در ﻧﻮع دو ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻪ‬:1 ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬
Step 2: Stopping proper number of fans.
‫ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ از ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ‬:2 ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬
6.6.2 Fans reversing and speed control
‫ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ ﻓﻦ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬2-6-6
‫ ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﻛﺮدن ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻓﻦ‬،‫در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻣﻜﺸﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪن ﻫﻮاي ﻋﺒﻮري از ﺳﻄﺢ ورودي ﻫﻮا و از ﺑﻴﻦ رﻓﺘﻦ‬
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻦﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺗﻮر‬.‫ﺧﻄﺮ ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ اﻧﺠﻤﺎد ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ در ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮدش ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ‬،‫روش ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ از ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮدن ﺧﻄﺮ ﻳﺦ ﻳﺰدﮔﻲ و اﻧﺠﻤﺎد‬
.‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
In the induced type cooling towers fans
reversing will cause warm air passing through
the inlet air area and eliminating ice or freezing
hazard. Using fans with variable multispeed
motors in the mechanical draught type cooling
towers, the air flow rate can be decreased by
reducing the fan speed as required to eliminate
the icing and freezing hazard.
‫ ﭘﺮه ﺑﺎ زاوﻳﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬3-6-6
6.6.3 Variable pitch
Using variable pitch fans may be a solution to
face with icing and freezing hazard.
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي داراي ﭘﺮه ﺑﺎ زاوﻳﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻳﻚ راه ﺣﻞ‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﺠﻤﺎد و ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
6.6.4 Preheating the inlet air to the packings
using hot water bypass
‫ ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن ﻫﻮاي ورودي ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ‬4-6-6
In order to warm the inlet air to the cooling
tower to eliminate the freezing hazard a proper
portion of inlet warm water may be bypassed
into the air inlet path. Typical arrangement of
this method is shown in Fig. 1. In this case
water jets shall be used and using water sprays
are not allowed.
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن ﻫﻮاي ورودي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ از آب ﮔﺮم ورودي‬،‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺬف ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﺠﻤﺎد‬
‫ آراﻳﺶ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻳﻦ روش‬.‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﻮاي ورودي ﮔﺬر ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺟﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬1 ‫در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
.‫ﺑﻜﺎر رود و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎي آب ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Generally by pass shall operate under a
pressure head of not less than 2 m (having
allowed for friction losses), the nozzles shall
be of a diameter not less than 12 mm, and the
total bypass flow shall be about 25% of the
circulating water flow rate. The effect of antiicing piping shall be considered in the design
of the cooling tower.
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬2 ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻛﻨﺎر ﮔﺬر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻓﺸﺎري ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻧﺎزل ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ارﺗﻔﺎع )ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺖ اﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ( ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﺎر ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻛﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺣﺪود‬12 ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ‬.‫ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬25
.‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر آب ﮔﺮم‬
14
‫آﺑﺎن ‪Oct 2009 / 1388‬‬
‫)‪IPS-G-ME-160(2‬‬
‫ﻫﺪر ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻫﺪر ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺗﺼﺎل‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺗﺼﺎل‬
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ‬
‫ب( ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﭘﺮده آب اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ زاوﻳﻪ ﻫﻮاﻛﺶﻫﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا‬
‫ج( ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﭘﺮده آب اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه‬
‫‪Fig. 1‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪1-‬‬
‫‪ 5-6-6‬ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﻮاي ورودي‬
‫‪6.6.5 Adjustable inlet air louvers‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮاي ﻋﺒﻮري از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﻮاي ورودي ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪For reducing the air flow through the cooling‬‬
‫‪tower, adjustable inlet air louvers may be used.‬‬
‫‪This system shall be operated automatically.‬‬
‫‪ 6-6-6‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ در ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري‬
‫‪6.6.6 Reducing the number of packing cells‬‬
‫‪in operation‬‬
‫در اﻳﻦ روش ﻧﻜﺎت ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪In this method the following points shall be‬‬
‫‪considered:‬‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ از ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪a) Complete isolation of proper numbers of‬‬
‫‪packings cells.‬‬
‫‪b) Avoid any static water in any part.‬‬
‫ب( ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از اﻳﺠﺎد آب راﻛﺪ در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ‪.‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
6.6.7 Prevention of basin water from
freezing
‫ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ آب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬7-6-6
To prevent the basin water from freezing,
during shut down of the cooling tower, one of
the methods described in Clauses 6.6.7.1 to
6.6.7.4 shall be used depending on the design
requirements, limitations imposed by available
space and economical reasons:
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ آب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ در زﻣﺎن ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﺑﻮدن‬
‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻳﻜﻲ از روﺷﻬﺎي ﺷﺮح داده ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي‬،‫ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬4-7-6-6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬1-7-6-6
.‫ﻓﻀﺎي در دﺳﺘﺮس و دﻻﻳﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬
‫ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب‬1-7-6-6
6.6.7.1 Basin draining
‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰن ذﺧﻴﺮه ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آﺑﮕﺬر در‬
.‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
Draining the basin water to a reservoir or to the
drainage system of the plant.
‫ روش ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه‬2-7-6-6
6.6.7.2 Indoor tank method
‫ﻳﻚ آراﻳﺶ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﻮﺿـﭽﻪ ﺧـﺸﻚ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺳـﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻳـﻚ‬.‫ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬2 ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن داﺋﻢ آب از ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷـﺪه‬
‫ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮج ﺧﻨـﻚ‬.‫در ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
2 ‫ ﺧﻂ ﻛﻨﺎرﮔـﺬر ﻧـﺸﺎن داده ﺷـﺪه در ﺷـﻜﻞ‬،‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ در‬.‫اﺟﺎزه ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺧﻂ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه را ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‬
،‫اﻳﻦ ﺧﻂ ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر ﺑﺎزﺷﻮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷـﻮد‬
.‫ﺗﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺎز ﮔﺮدد‬
A typical arrangement of this system which is
also called dry basin operation is shown in Fig.
2. In this System there shall be a continuous
flow of water from basin to an indoor installed
tank at lower level. When the cooling tower
stops, the bypass line shown in the Fig. 2
allows quick drainage of the supply line to the
cooling tower. In this bypass line an
automatically opened control valve shall be
provided to be opened when the cooling tower
stops operation.
16
‫آﺑﺎن ‪Oct 2009 / 1388‬‬
‫)‪IPS-G-ME-160(2‬‬
‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر )ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﻂ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮ(‬
‫ﭘﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬
‫دور رﻳﺰ‬
‫ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺮ رﻳﺰ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه‬
‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫‪Fig. 2-DRY BASIN OPERATION‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ -2‬ﻛﺎرﻛﺮد ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫‪ 3-7-6-6‬ﮔﺮم ﻛﻦ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ روش ﻫﺎي‬
‫‪6.6.7.3 Electric immersion heater or steam‬‬
‫‪heating methods‬‬
‫اﻧﺮژي اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ اﻧﺮژي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺨﺎر ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن‬
‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‪.‬‬
‫‪Electric or steam heating energy may be used‬‬
‫‪to warm up the basin water.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
‫‪ 4-7-6-6‬روش ﮔﺮدش از ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر‬
‫‪6.6.7.4 By pass circulation method‬‬
‫در اﻳﻦ روش آب داﺧﻞ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺪون ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺮ دو‬
‫از ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ آراﻳﺶ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي‬
‫ﻛﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 3‬ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب در ﻣﺪار‬
‫ﮔﺮدش ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ 5‬درﺻﺪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻛﻞ آب در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺮدش اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪This method prevents both the water in the‬‬
‫‪basin and exposed pipes from freezing which‬‬
‫‪shall have a typical arrangement as shown in‬‬
‫‪Fig. 3 the flow of water in the by pass‬‬
‫‪circulation circuit shall be 5% of the total‬‬
‫‪water flow rate in the main circulation system.‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
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IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ‬
11
Fig. 3-BY PASS CIRCULATION SYSTEM
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮدش ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر‬-3 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوريﻫﺎ‬
Notes:
:‫ در ذﻳﻞ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬3 ‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ اﺟﺰاي ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
The descriptions of the components shown in Fig. 3
are as follow:
A = By pass circulation pump
‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدش از ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر‬:A
‫ آﻏﺎزﮔﺮ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬:S
‫ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮﻣﻜﻦ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ آب‬:H
‫ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺸﻘﺎﺑﻲ‬:V3
‫ ﺷﻴﺮ دروازه اي‬:V1
‫ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‬:C1
‫ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور‬:T
‫ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت و ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از‬:T1
‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ آب ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ‬
‫ ﺷﻴﺮ دروازه اي‬:Vo
‫ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺸﻘﺎﺑﻲ‬:V2
S = Magnetic starter
H = A small instantaneous water heater
V3 = Globe valve
V1 = Gate valve
C1 = Check valve
25
T = Immersion thermostat
T1 = Thermostat and heating cable to protect the
make up line
Vo = Gate valve
V2 = Globe valve
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب‬7-6
6.7 Water Basin Design
:‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
The following factors should be considered in the
design of water basin:
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ زﻳﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺮار‬
a) It shall be designed to be located under
packings area.
.‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬
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Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫ب( ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻛﻒ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ‬
b) Collecting points of foreign materials shall be
provided in the floor of the cooling tower and if it is
possible, arge capacity clean out drains similar to
what is shown in Fig. 4 shall be provided. The basin
floor shall be properly sloped towards the collecting
points of foreign materials, drain points and the lean
out drains (if provided), to permit removing
sediments and foreign materials. If proper drainage
channel or reservoir for gravity drainage of basin
could not be provided, clean out drains similar to
what is shown in Fig. 4 with a drainage pump shall
be provided to discharge the drained water to safe
drainage or disposal system.
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد و در ﺻﻮرت اﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺎري‬
‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬4 ‫ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ آﻧﭽﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ ﻛﻒ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﺷﻴﺐ درﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ و ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
‫ اﮔﺮ‬.‫رﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ اﺟﺎزه ﺧﺮوج رﺳﻮﺑﺎت و ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ را ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﺰن ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬
4 ‫ درﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ آﻧﭽﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ‬،‫ﻧﺘﻮان ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻛﺮد‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻳﻚ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آب‬
.‫ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ اﻳﻤﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ دﻓﻊ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫درﭘﻮش ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺮ رﻳﺰ‬
‫ﺗﻮري دو ﻻﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎري‬
12
Fig. 4 TYPICAL DESIGN OF CLEAN OUT DRAIN
‫ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ درﻳﭽﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬-4 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
c) Over flow facilities shall be provided in
the design of the basin and indoor tank.
‫ج( ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺳﺮزﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ و ﺗﺎﻧﻚ زﻳﺮ‬
.‫ﺳﻘﻒ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
19
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
d) Basin and indoor tank shall be provided with
control valve and level controller connected to
the make up water system to adjust the water
level in them unless otherwise specified.
‫د( ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ و ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل و ﻳﻚ‬
e) The circulating pump, basin location and
indoor tank location shall be prepared in a way
that available net positive suction head (NPSH)
for pump is more than required NPSH at whole
operating range of the cooling tower.
‫ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ و ﺗﺎﻧﻚ زﻳﺮ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ﻫ( ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدش آب‬
f) Basin shall be divided, if practicable, into
separate divisions to enable to put each one out
of service without interrupting the operation of
remaining parts. Each basin division shall be
sloped towards collecting points of foreign
materials, from where it shall also be possible
to drain the relevant basin section.
‫و( در ﺻﻮرت اﻣﻜﺎن ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺠﺰا ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آب ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ وﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ‬،‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ آب در آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت دﻳﮕﺮي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد‬
(NPSH)‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻣﻬﻴﺎ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮد از ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎري ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮان ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام از ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎ را ﺑﺪون وﻗﻔﻪ در ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
‫ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ از‬.‫ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪه از ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﺧﺎرج ﻛﺮد‬
‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺷﻴﺐ‬
‫ ﻛﻪ از آن ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬،‫داده ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ اﻣﻜﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ز( ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﺰن زﻳﺮ ﺳﻘﻒ )ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
g) The capacity of basin or indoor tank
(depending on the situation) shall be
determined considering the following points:
.‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻜﺎت زﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
- Item 8.3.2 of BS 4485: Part 3: 1988.
1988 ‫ ﺳﺎل‬3 ‫ ﺑﺨﺶ‬BS 4485 ‫ از‬2،3،8 ‫ ﻣﺎده‬-
- The effective water capacity of basin or
indoor tank shall be enough for a minimum of
10 minutes based on the design water flow rate
and normal operating water level.
‫ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ آب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬‫ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﻄﺢ‬10‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
.‫آب در ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ح( در ﻣﻮارد ﺧﺎص ﻛﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ زﻳﺎدي از ﺟﺎﻣﺪات ﻣﻌﻠﻖ در آب‬
h) In special cases where there is a high content
of suspended solids in the water, side stream
filtration as shown typically in Fig. 5 may be
provided to filter very small particles subject to
purchaser’s requirement. It shall be sometimes
necessary to provide it along with other proper
filtration and treatment systems.
‫ ﺻﺎف ﻛﺮدن ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻛﻨﺎري ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ آﻧﭽﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ‬،‫وﺟﻮد دارد‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺻﺎف‬5
.‫ﻛﺮدن ذرات ﺑﺴﻴﺎر رﻳﺰ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﮔﺎﻫﻲ اوﻗﺎت ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮازي ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
.‫دﻳﮕﺮ ﺻﺎف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
20
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
13
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
Fig. 5 TYPICAL SIDE STREAM FILTERATION SYSTEM
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺻﺎف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب از ﻛﻨﺎر‬-5 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ آب در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎر‬،‫ط( در ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
i) For concrete basins, the water velocity
inside the basin at any point shall not be
less than 0.3 m/sec at full load condition.
6.8 Sitting, Orientation, Spacing
Environmental Considerations
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬0/3 ‫در ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اي از ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت زﻳﺴﺖ‬،‫ ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬8-6
and
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬،‫ ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬1-8-6
6.8.1 Sitting, orientation and spacing
‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺮاز ﺑﺮج‬1-1-8-6
6.8.1.1 Tower level
‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﺘﺮ از ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﻜﺎت زﻳﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
The cooling tower shall be located either
above or below the heat source considering
the following points:
‫ ﻣﻮرد‬NPSH ‫” در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬NPSH”(‫اﻟﻒ‬
a) The "NPSH" available for pump shall be
more than required "NPSH".
.‫ﻧﻴﺎز ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
b) It shall be possible to face with the drain
back from the system (when the circulation
system stops), with a proper design without
any flooding and loss of water.
‫ب( ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ از‬
‫ ﺑﺪون‬،‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ )در زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ اﺳﺖ( را‬
.‫ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺮرﻳﺰ و اﺗﻼف آب داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻮا‬2-1-8-6
6.8.1.2 Air restrictions
The cooling tower shall be located in a
position to provide a minimum of twice the
area of the tower inlet opening. Air flow
restricting objects may be barriers, equipment,
buildings, enclosures and any other object.
‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
‫ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪود ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬.‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺎزل ورودي ﺑﺮج را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺣﺼﺎرﻛﺸﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﻳﺎ‬،‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬،‫ﻫﻮا ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﻫﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ دﻳﮕﺮي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
6.8.1.3 Recirculation and orientation of the
cooling tower
‫ ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬3-1-8-6
Clause 6.2.4 of this Standard shall be
considered.
.‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬4-2-6 ‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬
21
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‫)‪IPS-G-ME-160(2‬‬
‫‪ 4-1-8-6‬ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫‪6.8.1.4 Interference‬‬
‫ﻧﻮع‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻞ و ﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و‬
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫‪The type, shape and location of the cooling‬‬
‫‪tower shall be so selected and designed, so‬‬
‫‪that the interference effect will be optimized.‬‬
‫‪ 5-1-8-6‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬
‫‪6.8.1.5 Spacing‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪ ‪ 3-5‬از ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ 3‬اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ‪ BS 4485‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪Clause 5.3 of BS 4485: Part 3 shall be‬‬
‫‪considered.‬‬
‫ﻳﺎدآوري‪:‬‬
‫‪Note:‬‬
‫ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻮا‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎي ‪7،6‬و‪ 8‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪For air restrictions, orientation of cooling‬‬
‫‪towers, optimization interference of cooling‬‬
‫‪towers and spacing selection and design see‬‬
‫‪figs 6,7.8.‬‬
‫ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮج )ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ(‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮج‬
‫ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻪ در آن ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد‪.‬‬
‫‪Fig. 6‬‬
‫‪14‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪6‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
‫‪Fig. 7‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪7‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
‫ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮج )ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ(‬
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫درﺻﺪ ﺟﺪاﻳﺶ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮج اﺻﻮﻻً ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ از ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺮج‬
.‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The % of tower length separation is primarily
a function of the tower’s physical
characteristics.
‫ درﺻﺪ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮج‬X
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺮج‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
.‫ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻪ در آن ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد‬
Fig. 8
8 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬2-8-6
6.8.2 Environmental considerations
‫ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻪ و ﺻﺪاي ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠﺎر ﺗﻌﺪادي‬،‫ ﺑﺮون ﭘﺎﺷﻲ‬،‫اﺛﺮات آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬
‫از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
The effects of drift, blow out, fogging and
noise are some of the contributing factors that
shall be considered as follow, when siting
cooling tower installation:
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬1-2-8-6
6.8.2.1 Reducing the drift effects
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات آب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻧﻜﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
In order to reduce the drift effects, the
following points shall be considered:
a) The cooling tower shall be located in a
place that considering the direction and
speed of prevailing wind, the drift will not
be spread over nearby roads, buildings,
equipment, residential areas and etc.
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ در‬
b) The eliminators shall be installed
correctly not to have any gap between
themselves and structure to prevent
escaping the water droplets.
‫ب( ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ آب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺮوي ﺳﻄﺢ‬،‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬
.‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻧﺸﻮد‬،‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺟﺎده ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻴﭻ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ اي ﺑﻴﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ و ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺪﻧﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ از‬
.‫ﻓﺮار ﻗﻄﺮات آب ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫ج( ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ و ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬
c) Spacing between packings and
eliminators shall be increased sufficiently
to have enough time for the droplets to fall
before they reach to the drift eliminators.
‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎن ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ رﻳﺰش ﻗﻄﺮات آب ﻗﺒﻞ از‬
.‫رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آب ﻫﻤﺮاه وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
23
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺑﺮون ﭘﺎﺷﻲ‬2-2-8-6
6.8.2.2 Reducing the blow out nuisance
‫در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮون ﭘﺎﺷﻲ آب ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ از روﺷﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ از آﻧﻬﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ را‬
.‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ داد‬
Where the blow out creates a nuisance, it shall
be reduced by one or a combination of the
following means:
a) Diagonal partitions or central division
shall be situated so that the prevailing wind
is prevented from blowing across the tower
basin.
‫اﻟﻒ( دﻳﻮاره ﺟﺪاﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻮرب ﻳﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻃﻮري ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ از وزش ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ از ﻣﻴﺎن ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﺮج‬
.‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
b) Inclined louvers boards shall be
positioned around the air opening at the
base of the tower, sections of which shall be
removable to permit access.
‫ب( ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻃﺮاف ورودي ﻫﻮا در‬
‫ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ از آن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ‬،‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺮج ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ اﺟﺎزه دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‬
6.8.2.3 Reducing the fogging and plume
nuisance
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻣﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ‬3-2-8-6
A combination of the following actions
shall be taken:
.‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد‬
a) Considering the direction and speed of
prevailing wind, the cooling tower shall be
located in a place to have the optimum
possible hazard.
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
b) Heating the moist air before leaving the
cooling tower as shown in Fig. 9 to reduce
fogging.
‫ب( ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن ﻫﻮاي ﺗﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺧﺮوج از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ را داﺷﺘﻪ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻪ‬9 ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ آﻧﭽﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
.‫آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ‬
c) Discharging the fan stacks warm vapors
at higher levels.
‫ج( ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺨﺎرات ﮔﺮم دودﻛﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻦ در ﺗﺮاز ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬
‫آب ﮔﺮم‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ورودي آب ﮔﺮم‬
‫آب ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬
16
Fig. 9
9 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
24
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
‫ دور رﻳﺰ و ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬4-2-8-6
6.8.2.4 Blow down and draining
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬IPS-E-SF-880 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
Standard IPS-E-SF-880 shall be considered.
‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺮ و ﺻﺪا‬5-2-8-6
6.8.2.5 Noise level
IPS. Standard IPS-G-SF-900 and
following points shall be considered:
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫ و ﻧﻜﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار‬IPS-G-SF-900 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬
the
a) Clause 5.4.7.7 of BS 4485: Part 3.
BS-4485 ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬3 ‫ ﺑﺨﺶ‬7-7-4-5 ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﻨﺪ‬
b) Enclosing the cooling tower by sound
attenuating barriers shall be used, subject
to purchaser’s approval, in places where
high limitation on sound level exists.
‫ب( در ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﺪاي‬
‫ دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎي ﺿﺪ ﺻﺪا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ وﺟﻮد دارد ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬
.‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه را ﻣﺤﺼﻮر ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ و ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬9-6
6.9 Mechanical and Electrical Equipment
‫ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ‬1-9-6
6.9.1 Fans
‫ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﻓﻦ و ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﻫﺎ‬1-1-9-6
6.9.1.1 Fan laws and formulas
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-E-PR-755 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
Standard IPS-E-PR-755 shall be applied.
‫ اﻧﻮاع ﻓﻦﻫﺎ‬2-1-9-6
6.9.1.2 Fans types
‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻮع و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻓﻦ و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﺻﻠﻲ‬
:‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
For selection of the fans type, their number
and major design requirements, the following
factors shall be considered:
a) Cooling tower type and arrangement of
components.
.‫اﻟﻒ( ﻧﻮع ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﭼﻴﺪﻣﺎن اﺟﺰاي آن‬
b) Design requirements of the cooling
tower.
.‫ب( اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
c) Air flow rate through the cooling tower.
.‫ج( ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮاي ﻋﺒﻮري از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
d) Pressure drop of air path in the cooling
tower.
.‫د( اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﻮا در ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
e) Noise level restrictions.
.‫ﻫ( ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺮ و ﺻﺪا‬
f) Input power to the fans.
.‫و( ﺗﻮان ورودي ﻓﻦﻫﺎ‬
g) Location of installation.
.‫ز( ﻣﻜﺎن ﻧﺼﺐ‬
.‫ح( ﺳﻄﺢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
h) Available area for the cooling tower.
‫ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻨﺪ‬1-2-1-9-6 ‫ط( و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺷﺮح داده ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
i) And the requirements described in
Clauses 6.9.1.2.1 to 6.9.1.5.
. 5-1-9-6
(‫ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺤﻮري )ﻣﻠﺨﻲ‬1-2-1-9-6
6.9.1.2.1 Axial flow (propeller) fans
‫اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻢ‬
‫در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮاي زﻳﺎدي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ‬
‫ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ‬.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
.‫در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
This type of fan shall be used in low static
pressure drop cooling towers where high
quantity of air flow rate is required. The
following aspects shall be considered in the
design and fabrication of this type of fans:
25
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
a) They shall be equipped with manually
adjustable pitch blades at least for the
range of 0° to 22° enabling the fan to be
applied over a wide range of operating
horsepower.
‫اﻟﻒ( اﻳﻦ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ زاوﻳﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ دﺳﺘﻲ‬
b) Fans shall be designed to operate at tip
speed not more than 61 m/sec.
‫ب( ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻟﺒﻪ ﭘﺮه‬
c) The fans shall be in dynamic and static
balance with a minimum of noise.
‫ج( ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺻﺪا در ﻫﻤﺘﺮازي دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ و‬
d) They shall be designed to have uniform
air velocities across the effective area of
fan.
‫د( ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﻮا در ﺗﻤﺎم‬
e) They shall be mainly used in the induced
type mechanical draught and fan assisted
natural draught cooling towers. In these
cases the fan shall be of a material, or have
a protective finish that will resist corrosive
effects of warm and humid operating
conditions. Protective finishes shall be
capable of withstanding the errosive effect
of impacting water droplets.
‫ﻫ( اﻳﻦ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻓﻦ‬22 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬0 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺪوده زاوﻳﻪ‬
‫را ﻗﺎدر ﺳﺎزد در ﻣﺤﺪوده وﺳﻴﻌﻲ از ﺗﻮان ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
.‫اﺳﺐ ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬
.‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬61 ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻦ ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻜﺶ و ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﻮاد ﻳﺎ‬.‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﺛﺮات ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬.‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﮔﺮم و ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﺛﺮات ﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﻗﻄﺮات آب ﻣﻘﺎوم‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬2-2-1-9-6
6.9.1.2.2 Centrifugal flow fans
‫اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻂ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺸﻲ‬
‫ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي‬.‫ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺼﺐ در ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران دﻣﺸﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر و ذرات‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻖ)ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻫﻮاي اﻃﺮاف( ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ و ﻟﺬا‬
‫اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮاﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﺳﻮار ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ آﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ وارد ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب ﺑﺎز ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
These type of fans shall be mainly used for
indoor installations of forced draught cooling
towers. The fans of the forced draught type
cooling towers may be affected by dust and
debris (depending on the ambient air
conditions), so preventive provisions shall be
provided and more over they shall be mounted
so that any water entering the fan casing
drains back into the cold water basin.
‫ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ )ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ( ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﻦ‬3-1-9-6
6.9.1.3 Natural frequency of fan
‫ درﺻﺪ‬10 ‫ درﺻﺪ زﻳﺮ ﻛﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﺎ‬10 ‫در ﻣﺤﺪوده‬
(‫ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﻄﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ )ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ )ﭘﺮه( ﻫﺎي ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻟﺮزش اﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ )در‬
.‫ﻫﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺤﻮر( وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Fundamental natural frequency of fan blades
shall not coincide with any source of vibratory
excitation (any shaft speed) in the range from
10% below minimum operating speed to 10%
above maximum operating speed.
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬4-1-9-6
6.9.1.4 Applicable standards
The two following standards
considered wherever applicable:
shall
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬،‫ در ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫دو اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ذﻳﻞ‬
.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
"‫ "ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد وﻳﮋه‬:IPS-M-PM-230
be
IPS-M-PM-230 "Special Purpose Centrifugal
Fans"
"‫ "ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬:IPS-M-PM-235
IPS-M-PM-235 "General Purpose Centrifugal
Fans"
26
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬5-1-9-6
6.9.1.5 Safety provisions
‫ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬،‫ ﮔﺮداﻧﻨﺪه ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎ و ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﻔﺎظ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬،‫اﺳﺖ‬
Protection guards shall be provided, wherever
applicable, for fans, driver shafts and
couplings.
‫ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه‬2-9-6
6.9.2 Gearbox
Gearboxes shall
requirements:
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
meet
the
:‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت زﻳﺮ را ارﺿﺎء ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
following
a) It shall be double reduction, spiral bevel
right angle type, with AGMA service
factor of not less than 2.0 based upon
driver horsepower.
‫ ﻣﺎرﭘﻴﭻ ﺷﻴﺐ دار راﺳﺖ ﮔﺮد ﺑﺎ‬،‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﻮع دوﺑﺎر ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه‬
b) It shall be sealed to prevent moisture
leakage at the shafts
‫ب( ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﻧﻔﻮذ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ آب ﺑﻨﺪي‬
c) Thermal rating of the gearbox shall be
ample for operation without oil cooling.
‫ج( ﺗﻮان ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺑﺪون ﺧﻨﻚ ﺑﺎ‬
d) Connection of the gearbox for oil filling
and oil level observation shall be extended
to the outside of fan stack (cylinder).
‫د( اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ روﻏﻦ و ﺑﺎزدﻳﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ روﻏﻦ‬
e) An oil level indicator shall be provided
with a cut off switch on the oil circuit to
shut off the fan motor at low oil level.
‫ﻫ( ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ روﻏﻦ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
f) The output shaft bearings shall have an L
10 life of 100,000 h. as defined in BS ISO
281: Part 1. As this produces reversing
radial loads on the bearings, special
consideration shall be given to the
relationship between bearing clearances,
fan bearing span and diameter.
‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ‬100000 ‫و( ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺤﻮر ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻮان‬2 ‫ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬AGMA ‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮر ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬
.‫ﮔﺮداﻧﻨﺪه )ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ اﺳﺐ ﺑﺨﺎر( ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؛ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫روﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻴﺮون دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ)اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ( اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
‫روي ﻣﺪار روﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ روﻏﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻮر‬
.‫ﻓﻦ را ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬BS ISO 281 ‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬1 ‫ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺨﺶ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ آﻧﻜﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎن ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬.‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬،‫ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ روي ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎن ﻓﻦ و‬،‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ در رواﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎن‬
.‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ دﻳﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
g) The elevated temperature of the
surrounding air during normal operation
shall be taken into account and, when
located in a very cold climate,
consideration shall be given to the
problems of a cold start.
(‫ز( اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮاي اﻃﺮاف در ﻃﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﻌﻤﻮل)ﻧﺮﻣﺎل‬
h) Double oil seals are a preferred feature
to minimize the risk of oil leakage or
ingress of moisture.
‫ح( ﻧﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ روﻏﻦ ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﻣﻘﺪم ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
Gearboxes mounted in the induced
draught-position, i.e. in the areas of near
100% humidity, shall be provided with a
remote vent carried to the outside of the fan
stack to minimize the risk of condensation
from breathing moisture-laden air.
‫ در‬،‫ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬،‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺶ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ‬،‫ درﺻﺪ‬100 ‫ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺎ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻔﺬ)ﻫﻮاﻛﺶ( در ﻧﻘﻄﻪ دورﺗﺮ در ﺧﺎرج از دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﻣﻜﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
.‫ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻳﻚ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ‬،‫اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﺮد واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼت راه اﻧﺪازي ﺳﺮد دﻳﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻛﺮدن ﺧﻄﺮ ﻧﺸﺖ روﻏﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻔﻮذ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
27
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺲ و ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ روﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در‬،‫روﻏﻨﻜﺎري‬
-‫ﺑﻴﺮون ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ‬
.‫ﻛﺎري را ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
Lubrication, grease pipes and oil-level
indicators shall be taken to the outside of
the fan to facilitate servicing.
‫ ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﻧﺪه و ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓﻫﺎ‬3-9-6
6.9.3 Drive shafts and couplings
:‫ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﻧﺪه ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
The following aspects shall be considered in
design of drive shafts:
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اي ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ روﻏﻨﻜﺎري ﻧﺸﺪه‬
a) Shafts shall be tubular with non
lubricated Thomas flexible coupling Type I
or equal for induced type cooling towers.
‫ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎدل ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ‬I ‫اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﻣﺎس ﻧﻮع‬
.‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ب( ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
b) Drive shafts shall be properly balanced.
c) Drive shafts shall be capable of being
rebalanced (if necessary) and accepting
some degree of misalignement.
‫ج( ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻣﺠﺪد )در ﺻﻮرت‬
d) Hollow rotating components shall be
sealed to prevent water ingress or be
effectively drained to prevent accumulated
water impairing the balance.
‫د( اﺟﺰا ﺗﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﮔﺮدان ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ از ﻧﻔﻮذ آب‬
.‫ﻧﻴﺎز( و ﭘﺬﻳﺮش درﺟﺎﺗﻲ از ﻧﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮري را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ از‬
.‫ ﮔﺮدد‬،‫ﺗﺠﻤﻊ آب ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ آﺳﻴﺐ زدن ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
6.9.4 Supports for mechanical equipment
and drive motors
‫ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ و اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫـﺎي‬4-9-6
Consideration shall be given to the following
factors in the design of supports:
:‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺮ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﮔﺮدﻧﺪه‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
a) The supports shall be designed to
minimize possible movement between the
elements of the fan driver assembly, shaft
and gearbox.
‫ ﻣﺤﻮر و ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه ﺑﻪ‬،‫ﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﻴﻦ اﺟﺰاء ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺤﺮك ﻓﻦ‬
.‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‬
.‫ب( ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬
b) Possible corrosive conditions.
.‫ج( ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻓﻦ و ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎت‬
c) The vibratory loads from the fan unit.
d) The excess force arising from possible
damage to any part of complete fan and
drive assembly.
‫د( ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺧﺮاﺑﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از‬
e) Additional requirements mentioned in
BS 4485: Part 4.
‫ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬4 ‫ﻫ( اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺨﺶ‬
.‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻦ و ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬
.BS 4485
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ارﺗﻌﺎش‬5-9-6
6.9.5 Vibration cut out switch
‫ﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ارﺗﻌﺎش و اﻋﻼم ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت‬
:‫ذﻳﻞ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
One vibration cut out switch and alarm shall
be provided for each fan with the following
requirements:
.‫اﻟﻒ( ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺮون از ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدد‬
a) The cut out switch shall be provided
outside the fan ring.
28
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻦ را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت‬،‫ب( در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ارﺗﻌﺎش زﻳﺎد‬
b) In case of excessive vibration, the cut
out switch shall shut down the fan
automatically and permit restarting and
manually reset. The vibration switch shall
be suitable for resetting the switch without
disassembly.
‫ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﻛﻨﺪ و اﺟﺎزه روﺷﻦ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﺠﺪد و راه اﻧﺪازي‬
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ راه اﻧﺪازي‬.‫ﻣﺠﺪد دﺳﺘﻲ را ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﺠﺪد ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺑﺪون ﺑﺎزﻛﺮدن ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ج( ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪاﺗﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
c) Provisions shall be made for adjusting
the vibration switch so that it may be set
above the vibration level of normal
operation and/or will not trip out during fan
start up.
‫ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮان آن را ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻄﺢ ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻋﺎدي ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺮد و ﻳﺎ در زﻣﺎن ﺷﺮوع ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻓﻦ‬
.‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‬
d) Vibration cut out switches shall be
preferably ball type.
.‫د( ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎً ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
e) Vibration cut out switches shall be
tagged with identifying tag numbers.
‫ﻫ( ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
f) Vibration cut out switches shall be
weather proof.
.‫و( ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ از اﺛﺮ ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺧﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺟﺎ ﺧﺎرﻫﺎ‬6-9-6
6.9.6 Keys and keyways
BS 4235
Keys and keyways shall be according to BS
4235: Part 1.
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬1 ‫ﺧﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺟﺎ ﺧﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺨﺶ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬7-9-6
6.9.7 Valves
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬3-7-9-6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬1-7-9-6 ‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ درﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
The valves mentioned in Clauses 6.9.7.1 to
6.9.7.3 shall be provided as a minimum:
‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬1-7-9-6
6.9.7.1 Stop valves
‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت زﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ‬
:‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Stop valves shall be provided considering the
following requirements:
a) Stop valves shall be provided in
accessible positions.
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎي در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻗﺮار‬
b) In cooling towers with multiple risers,
separate stop valve shall be provided on
each riser to regulate the flow in individual
risers and/or stop flow in particular riser
during partial maintenance of the cooling
tower parts.
‫ ﺑﺮوي‬،‫ب( در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪد‬
.‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺠﺰا ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدد ﺗﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
‫را در ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺰا ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ و ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن را در‬
‫ در ﻃﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ از‬،‫ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
.‫ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
c) These valves shall be normally of gate or
butterfly type depending on the purchaser’s
requirement
‫ج( اﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﻮع دروازهاي ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮواﻧﻪاي ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
d) Stop valves shall be provided for both
crossflow and counterflow type cooling
towers in single riser and multiple risers
systems.
‫د( ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ و ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻚ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻳﺎ‬
.‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
29
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬2-7-9-6
6.9.7.2 Flow control valves
‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬
:‫ﮔﺮدد‬
Flow control valves shall be provided
considering the followings:
.‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
a) They shall be in accessible positions.
b) They shall be installed in crossflow type
‫ب( اﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
cooling towers to equalize flow between
between cells of multi-cell cooling towers.
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻫﻤﺴﺎن ﺳﺎزي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺳﻠﻮل‬
‫ﺑﺮج ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﭼﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدد‬
c) It shall be possible to use these valves to
‫ج( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻣﻜﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﻪ‬
shut off flow to selected distribution basins
‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در‬
.‫ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎرﻧﺪ‬
distribution basins of a tower cell as well as
for interim cleaning and maintenance
purposes when other parts of the cooling
tower are in operation.
‫ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ‬3-7-9-6
6.9.7.3 Make-Up valve
‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ روي ﺧﻂ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ آب ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
.‫ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر ﻛﺎﻫﺶ آب ﻣﻌﻤﻮل از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ را ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
Make-up valve shall be provided in the makeup water supply line to replenish the normal
water losses from the system, automatically.
‫ اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﻓﻦ‬8-9-6
6.9.8 Fan motor
:‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت زﻳﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
Fan motor shall be designed as per following
requirements:
a) Motor shall be designed and selected for
installation in hazardous area Class 1, Div.
2 as specified in IPS-E-EL-110.
،1 ‫اﻟﻒ( اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺼﺐ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺧﻄﺮ ﻛﻼس‬
b) Fan motor shall not be placed in the air
stream but shall be mounted in a location
easily accessible for maintenance.
‫ب( اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﻓﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ در ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در‬
‫ آﻣﺪه‬IPS-E-EL-110 ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬2 ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
.‫اﺳﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮات ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎدﮔﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس‬
.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﻛﺮدن ﻓﻦ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ و‬
‫ ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﻛﺮدن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ در ارﺗﻔﺎع‬-‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﺸﺎري روﺷﻦ‬
.‫ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
Fan stop push buttons to be located at
ground level and start-stop push buttons to
be located at fan level will be furnished by
purchaser.
c) Fan and motor shall be designed for
continuous operation.
.‫ج( ﻓﻦ و اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎر ﻣﺪاوم ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
d) Fan motor shall be in accordance with
IPS-M-EL-132 "Induction Motors".
IPS-M-EL-132 ‫د( اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫" اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ" ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺿﺪ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر )ﺷﻌﻠﻪ( ﺑﺎ دو ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
.‫ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The motor shall be explosion/flame proof
with two or variable speeds operation
depending onthe design requirements.
Motor horsepower shall be sufficient to
meet the fan requirements at maximum
required pitch angle and design speed.
‫ﺗﻮان اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر )ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ اﺳﺐ ﺑﺨﺎر( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻓﻦ در‬
.‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ زاوﻳﻪ ﭘﺮه و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ را ﺑﺮآورده ﺳﺎزد‬
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‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﻓﻦ و‬،‫ﻫ( اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮاﻧﻲ‬
e) Motor shall have ratings, including
service factors for fan and gear, at least
equal to the following percentage of the
rated brake kW of fan including gear loss:
(‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ درﺻﺪي از ﺗﻮان اﺳﻤﻲ ﺗﺮﻣﺰي )ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات‬،‫دﻧﺪه‬
:‫ﻓﻦ ذﻳﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻓﺖ ﺗﻮان دﻧﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Motor Nameplate
Ratings(KW)
Percent of Rated Brake
‫ﺗﻮان ﻣﻨﺪرج در ﭘﻼك ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫درﺻﺪ ﺗﻮان اﺳﻤﻲ ﺗﺮﻣﺰي اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر‬
(‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر)ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات‬
19 kW & Less
22.5-56 kW
75 kW & over
130
120
115
‫ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮان ﺗﺮﻣﺰي اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر )اﺳﺐ ﺑﺨﺎر( ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﺠﺎوز از‬
‫ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬.‫ﺗﻮان ﻣﻨﺪرج در ﭘﻼك ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
،‫اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎر ﮔﺮدﻧﺪه را ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺰرگ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺿﺮوري ﺳﻮق دﻫﺪ‬
.‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
However, the rated brake horsepower shall not
exceed the motor nameplate rating. Where it
appears that this will lead to unnecessary
oversizing of the driver, an alternate quotation
may
be
submitted
for
purchaser’s
consideration.
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬10-6
6.10 Safety Provisions
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-10-6
6.10.1 General
‫اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
‫ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ آن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن ﺗﻤﺎم ﺧﻄﺮات‬
‫ ﺧﻄﺮات ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ و‬.‫دﻳﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ داده ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
:‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Safety provisions shall be provided in the
design of the cooling tower and the relevant
auxiliary equipment to minimize all hazards.
The hazards generated by the cooling tower
comprises of the followings and the others
described in the relevant clauses of this
Standard:
a) Hazards generated by electrical,
mechanical and instrumentation equipment.
‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬،‫اﻟﻒ( ﺧﻄﺮات اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬
b) Hazards which may be encountered
during personnel access and possibility of
their trapping, in the extremely humid
conditions, inside the cooling tower.
‫ب( ﺧﻄﺮاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ در زﻣﺎن دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ و‬
.‫و اﺑﺰار دﻗﻴﻘﻲ‬
‫ داﺧﻞ‬،‫ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬،‫ﮔﻴﺮاﻓﺘﺎدن اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ‬
.‫ ﺑﺎ آن ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ج( ﺧﻄﺮات زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
c) Environmental hazards.
‫د( ﺧﻄﺮات ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ‬
d) Icing hazard.
‫ﻫ( ﺧﻄﺮات آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮزي‬
e) Fire hazard.
‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن‬
‫ﺧﻄﺮات دﻧﺒﺎل ﺷﻮد در ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ دﻳﮕﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد و‬
‫ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ‬،‫ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ‬5-10-6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬2-10-6 ‫ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
‫ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪاﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻤﻪ ﺧﻄﺮات دﻳﮕﺮ‬،‫ﺣﺎل‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در زﻣﺎن ﻛﺎر و ﻳﺎ‬
.‫ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺷﻲ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The procedures which shall be followed by the
vendor to minimize the hazards are described
in other relevant parts of this Standard and
Clauses 6.10.2 to 6.10.5 of this part, but,
however, vendor is responsible to provide
provisions for any other hazard which may be
encountered in the cooling towers during
operation and/or shut down.
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instrumentation
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺮﻗﻲ و اﺑﺰار دﻗﻴﻘﻲ‬2-10-6
Emergency locked control switches shall be
installed adjacent to all motors. All electrical
plant and installation shall comply with the
relevant electrical safety regulations and be
suitable for the operating conditions. All
electrical and instrumentation equipment shall
be designed for installation in hazardous areas,
Class 1, Div. 2 as specified in IPS-E-EL-110.
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻗﻔﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﺎر ﻫﻤﻪ اﻟﻜﺘﺮو‬
6.10.2 Electrical
equipment
and
‫ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺮﻗﻲ و ﻧﺼﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬.‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻣﻘﺮرات اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺮﻗﻲ و اﺑﺰار دﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺼﺐ در ﻣﺤﺪوده‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه در اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬2 ‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬،1 ‫ﺧﻄﺮ ﻛﻼس‬
.‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬IPS-E-EL-110
‫ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬3-10-6
6.10.3 Access
‫ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﻮع و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮج‬
.‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺮدد‬
The following facilities with suitable design
conforming to the type and design requirement
of the cooling towers shall be provided:
‫اﻟﻒ(دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ اﺟﺰاء ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و‬
a) Access to all parts of the cooling tower
for maintenance, inspection and repair,
consisting, but not limited, of ladders,
doors, walkways, stairway, guard railing
assembly, safety cages, jib crane or davits
and cranes.
،‫ درﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﻧﺮدﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ‬،‫ اﻣﺎ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻪ‬،‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري و ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
،‫ ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬،‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻧﺮدﻛﺸﻲ ﺣﻔﺎظ‬،‫ ﭘﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫راﻫﺮوﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺑﺎزوﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻫﺎ و ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
b) Access doors shall be designed to be
easily opened from the inside and shall be
opened outwards. Access doors bolts,
locks, etc., shall be such as to prevent
accidental fastening.
‫ب( درﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬
c) If escape ladders are provided they shall
be extended to the floor.
‫ج( اﮔﺮ ﻧﺮدﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮار ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ اﻣﺘﺪاد‬
d) More than one access way shall be
provided for high levels.
‫د( ﺑﺮاي ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﻳﻚ راه دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬
‫ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎي درﻫﺎي‬.‫از داﺧﻞ و ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺧﺎرج ﺑﺎز ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻫﺎ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ از ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬،‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬
.‫ﺷﺪن ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﺣﻔﺎظ ﻫﺎي روي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات دوار‬4-10-6
6.10.4 Guards on rotating equipment
‫ﺟﻬﺖ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات دوار ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﻔﺎظ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و‬
.‫ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدد‬
Suitable and adequate guards shall be
provided on rotating equipment for personnel
safety
‫ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮزي‬5-10-6
6.10.5 Fire prevention
Properly designed, fire fighting, detection and
alarm system shall be Provided by the Vendor
for the cooling tower according to the design
requirements of the cooling tower, Purchaser’s
requirements and materials selected for
different parts. NFPA standard No. 214 may
be followed in special cases.
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺧﺮﻳﺪار و ﻣﻮاد‬،‫ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺸﻒ و‬،‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ در ﻣﻮارد‬.‫اﻋﻼم ﺧﻄﺮ آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮزي ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺳﺎزد‬
.‫ ﭘﻴﺮوي ﻛﺮد‬214 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬NFPA ‫ﺧﺎص ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
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،‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اي ﻛﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ اﺟﺰاء ﭼﻮﺑﻲ دارﻧﺪ‬
‫اﺟﺰاء ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي آب ﻛﺎﻓﻲ در ﻃﻲ زﻣﺎن ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺷﻲ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻮاد ﺿﺪ آﺗﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬.‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن و اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه را اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ‬
For the cooling towers containing wood in any
part, wetting wood parts with enough water
during cooling tower shut down shall be used.
However selecting fire retardant materials will
increase the reliability and safety of the
cooling tower.
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺧﺎص‬11-6
6.11 Special Requirements
6.11.1 Outlet water temperature lower limit
‫ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دﻣﺎي آب ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬1-11-6
If the purchaser requires that the outlet water
temperature shall not fall below a
predetermined degree, then one of the
following methods shall be provided by the
vendor for cold times of the year:
‫اﮔﺮ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻻزم ﺑﺪاﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ دﻣﺎي آب ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از درﺟﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻜﻲ از روﺷﻬﺎي ذﻳﻞ را ﺑﺮاي‬،‫ﺷﺪهاي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻳﺪ‬
:‫زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺳﺮد ﺳﺎل ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮد‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ‬
a) For locations where freezing condition
does not exist, a bypass line shall be
provided between inlet and outlet water
line, as shown in Fig. 10,
‫ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر ﺑﻴﻦ ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺧﻂ آب ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آﻧﭽﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
،‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدد‬10
or the numbers of packing cells in
operation and the air flow through the
cooling tower shall be reduced.
‫ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ در ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎر و ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮاي ﻋﺒﻮري‬
.‫از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
b) In locations with the possible freezing
conditions, the cooling tower shall be
equipped with multicell packings and/or
multi-speed fans so that it will be possible
to reduce the number of packing cells in
operation and/or reducing the air flow
through the cooling tower.
‫ ﺑﺮج‬،‫ب( در ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎي‬،‫ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻪ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ در ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎر و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮاي ﻋﺒﻮري از ﺑﺮج‬
.‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫آب ﮔﺮم‬
‫ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه‬
‫آب ﮔﺮم‬
‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻦ‬
(‫)ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻓﻦ ﻣﺤﺪود‬
‫آب ﺳﺮدﺗﺮ ﺷﺪه‬
17
Fig. 10
10 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
33
‫ﺑﺎر ﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﻪ دﻣﺎ‬
‫آب ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه‬
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
6.11.2 Effect of the high temperature of the
inlet warm water
‫ اﺛﺮ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي آب ﮔﺮم ورودي‬2-11-6
If the highest expected temperature of the inlet
warm water can harmfully affect the selected
materials of some parts of the cooling tower,
then the provision shown in Fig. 11 shall be
provided by the Vendor.
‫اﮔﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ دﻣﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﻈﺎر آب ﮔﺮم ورودي ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮوي ﻣﻮاد‬
‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از اﺟﺰاء اﺛﺮ ﺳﻮء ﺑﮕﺬارد در اﻳﻦ ﺻﻮرت‬
.‫ را ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﻴﺮد‬11 ‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر‬
‫ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
‫از ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ‬
Fig. 11
11 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺬف رﺳﻮﺑﺎت‬3-11-6
6.11.3 Provisions for removing scales
‫اﮔﺮ آﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﻨﻚ ﺷﺪن وارد ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد در‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه رﺳﻮب اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺮدو دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
.‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
If the water which is going to be cooled in the
cooling tower, deposits scales in any part of
the cooling tower, one or both of the following
procedures, shall be followed and relevant
equipment and material shall be provided by
the Vendor:
a) Using proper chemicals to wash and
clean-out scales.
‫اﻟﻒ( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ و‬
b) Using high pressure water streams to
remove scale.
‫ب( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺬف رﺳﻮﺑﺎت‬
.‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ رﺳﻮﺑﺎت‬
‫ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت‬4-11-6
6.11.4 Vibration isolation
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اي ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ ارﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎت ﺑﻴﺶ‬
‫ ﻟﺮزه ﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ‬،‫از ﺣﺪ وﺟﻮد دارد‬
.‫ﮔﺮدد‬
For the cooling towers that critical situation of
excessive vibration exists, properly designed
vibration isolators shall be provided.
34
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
6.11.5 Provisions for fans stopping when
there is no power supply to their motors
‫ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻓﻦ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺮق ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ‬5-11-6
Suitable provisions shall be provided by the
Vendor to stop fans when there is no power
supply to their motor drivers.
‫اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻓﻦﻫﺎ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺮق ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ‬
.‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮو ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﺗﻮري ورودي ﻫﻮا‬6-11-6
6.11.6 Screens for air inlet
In places where ambient air contains excessive
amounts of leaves and other debrises which
are harmful for the cooling tower operation, it
may be necessary to provide suitable screens,
subject to purchaser’s approval, in the air inlet
to the cooling tower. These screens shall be
prepared and installed in separate removable
panels for ease of maintenance and cleaning.
‫در ﺟﺎﻫﺎﺋﻴﻜﻪ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺣﺎوي ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ زﻳﺎدي از ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﻠﻖ و‬
‫آﺷﻐﺎﻟﻬﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻻزم ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺗﻮري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در‬،‫ﻣﻀﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﺗﻮري ﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ‬.‫ورودي ﻫﻮاي ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎري و ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري آﺳﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ روي ﻳﻚ ﭘﻨﻞ ﺟﺪاﺷﻮﻧﺪه‬
.‫ﻣﺠﺰا ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ و ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد‬12-6
6.12 Performance Tests
Performance tests on the cooling tower shall be
done according to CTI Code ATC-105 and
relevant ATC-105 addendum. Vendor shall
prepare detailed test procedure considering
purchaser’s comments, and perform the tests in
attendance of purchaser. The equipment for
performance test shall be provided, calibrated
and installed by Vendor. The final test results
shall be reported by Vendor. Any deviation
from the specified technical characteristics
shall be reported and the method to reach to the
specified figures and/or performance shall be
stated in this report too.
‫آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ آﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫ اﻧﺠﺎم‬ATC-105 ‫ و اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ATC-105 , CTI ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮات ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ آزﻣﻮن را آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزد و در ﺣﻀﻮر ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬.‫آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت را اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‬
‫ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬.‫ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮه و ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدد‬،‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺤﺮاف از‬.‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﮔﺰارش ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﻮد و روش رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ وﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺮح داده‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
Vendor shall be completely responsible to
carry out any rectification work in this regard
free of charge with the methods described in
CTI Codes and/or agreed upon with purchaser.
The performance tests shall be carried out after
commissioning of the cooling tower and its
auxiliary equipment and before provisional
acceptance.
‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﺎر اﺻﻼﺣﻲ در اﻳﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ‬
6.13 Warranties and Guarantees
Vendor shall be responsible to eliminate any
defects encountered during one year operation
of the cooling tower and its relevant auxiliary
equipment after it is provisionally accepted by
the Purchaser.
These rectification activities shall be done free
of charge and shall be finished within the one
year guarantee period after provisional
acceptance. The cooling tower and its auxiliary
equipment will be finally accepted by
purchaser after one year guarantee period is
expired and all defects are rectified meeting
purchaser’s approval.
‫ ﺗﻌﻬﺪات و ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺎ‬13-6
‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ رﻓﻊ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻴﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻃﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎل‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
.‫ رخ داده اﺳﺖ را ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪه ﺑﮕﻴﺮد‬،‫ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ‬
‫را ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺠﺎﻧﻲ و ﺑﺎ روﺷﻬﺎي ﺷﺮح داده ﺷﺪه آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
‫ آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي‬.‫ و ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪه ﺑﮕﻴﺮد‬CTI
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺲ از راه اﻧﺪازي ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
.‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ و ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫اﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ اﺻﻼﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ راﻳﮕﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم و در ﻃﻲ دوره ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و‬.‫ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺖ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ آن ﭘﺲ از ﭘﺎﻳﺎن دوره ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺖ و ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
.‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻴﻮب ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪﻳﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
35
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
PART 2
2 ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
MATERIALS
‫ﻣﻮاد‬
3
4
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
GENERAL
‫ﻫﺪف و اﻟﺰﻣﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬-7
This part of standard specifies the minimum
requirements for materials of different parts of
the cooling towers and relevant components. In
selecting materials for different parts of
cooling towers described in this Standard,
depending on the specific type of the cooling
tower, the applicable clauses of this Part of
standard shall be considered:
‫اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ در‬.‫ﺑﺮجﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و اﺟﺰا ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎزد‬
‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺮاي ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در اﻳﻦ‬
‫ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﺧﺎص ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺷﺮح داده ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻋﻤﺎل از اﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ‬، ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
:‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
7.
PURPOSE
REQUIREMENTS
AND
a) The possibility of using treated wood as
the material of any part, shall be declared
by the purchaser to the vendor, otherwise
vendor shall not use wood in any part of the
cooling tower.
‫اﻟﻒ( اﻣﻜﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭼﻮب ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻮاد‬
b) If wood is going to be used in any part of
the cooling tower, the inlet warm water
temperature shall be limited to the certain
degree not to have mal effect on wood. If
reducing the inlet warm water temperature,
is not possible due to the main plant’s
requirements, then it shall be reduced by
mixing a proper portion of the outlet cold
water with the inlet warm water as typically
shown in Fig. 12. In these cases the cooling
capacity of the cooling tower shall be
increased to provide the cold water required
for mixing with inlet warm water.
‫ب(اﮔﺮ ﻗﺮار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ از ﭼﻮب در ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه اﻋﻼم ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ در‬،‫ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ از ﭼﻮب در ﻫﻴﭻ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از ﺑﺮج‬
. ‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ دﻣﺎي آب ﮔﺮم ورودي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ درﺟﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ‬،‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﮔﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬. ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﺮ ﭼﻮب ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺷﻮد‬
‫دﻣﺎي آب ﮔﺮم ورودي ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ دﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻛﺮدن ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ از آب‬، ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺮد ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺑﺎ آب ﮔﺮم ورودي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﺎ‬.‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬، ‫ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬12
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺧﻨﻚ ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ آب‬
. ‫ﺳﺮد ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺟﻬﺖ اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺎ آب ﮔﺮم ورودي اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
c) Plastic materials shall have a flame
spread classification of not more than 25
per ASTM-E84.
‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬ASTM-E84 ‫ج( ﻣﻮاد ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
d) All metal surfaces which will come in
contact with water and water mist, except
galvanized and stainless steel surfaces, shall
be properly epoxy painted. In accordance
with IPS-E-TP-100.
‫د( ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻠﺰي در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ آب ﻳﺎ ﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺳﻄﻮح‬
e) If the location of cooling tower has a
highly hazardous deteriorating condition,
wood shall not be used for any part of it,
unless otherwise specified by the Purchaser.
‫ﻫ( اﮔﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه داراي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬25 ‫داراي رده ﺑﻨﺪي ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺷﻌﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
‫ﻓﻮﻻدي ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه و زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ رﻧﮓ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻃﺒﻖ‬
.‫ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ رﻧﮓ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-E-TP-100 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ ﭼﻮب در ﻫﻴﭻ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ از آن ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬، ‫ﻣﺨﺮب ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
. ‫ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬-8
8. MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
‫ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي‬، ‫ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت وﻳﮋه ﻫﺮ ﭘﺮوژه‬
‫ ﺗﺎ‬1-8 ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آﻧﭽﻪ در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
. ‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬22-8
According to the specific requirements of each
project, proper materials shall be selected for
different parts of the cooling tower as specified
in Clauses 8.1 to 8.22.
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Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬1-8
8.1 Basin
‫ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ﺻﻮرت دﻳﮕﺮي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدد‬
Unless otherwise specified, basin shall be
constructed of proper reinforced concrete.
‫ ﭼﺎﻻب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬2-8
8.2 Basin Sump
،‫ﭼﺎﻻب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬
.‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﻜﺶ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ اﺧﺘﻼﻟﻲ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﺸﻮد‬
Basin sump shall be constructed of proper
reinforced concrete or specified material with
enough depth so as the pump not to loose
suction.
(‫ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه )ﺳﺎزه‬3-8
8.3 Cooling Tower Framework (Structure)
‫ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬1-3-8
8.3.1 Framework of the field erected cooling
towers shall be made using one of the
following materials:
. ‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮدن ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻮاد زﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻓﻮﻻد‬
a) Steel
‫ب( ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬
b) Reinforced concrete
‫ج( ﭼﻮب‬
c) Wood
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﺮد ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در‬2-3-8
8.3.2 It shall be noted that if the cooling tower
is to be resistant to fire, reinforced concrete
shall be selected as the material of framework
(Structure). If wood is going to be used for
framework of cooling tower, it shall be
selected and treated as follow:
‫ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻮاد‬، ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮزي ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﺮج‬. ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ )ﺳﺎزه( اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﭼﻮب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ‬،‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه از ﭼﻮب اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدد‬
. ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﻮد‬
CTI ‫اﻟﻒ( ﭼﻮب داﮔﻼس ﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
a) Douglas Fir Wood considering CTI
bulletin STD-114, shall be selected.
. ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬STD-114 ‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ‬
b) Wood shall be treated according to the
CTI STD WMS-112 using acid copper
chromate (ACC) treatment. Prior to
treatment, moisture content of the wood
shall not exceed 19% for air dried material
and 15% for kiln dried material. Deviation
from the required penetration or retention,
as
determined
from
specimens
representative of the condition and
dimensions of the tower components to be
treated, requires approval of the purchaser.
STD WMS-112 ، CTI ‫ب( ﭼﻮب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
. ‫( ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﻮد‬ACC) ‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﺮوﻣﺎت ﻣﺲ‬
19 ‫ ﻣﻴﺰان رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﭼﻮب ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬، ‫ﭘﻴﺶ از ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬
‫ درﺻﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاد‬15 ‫درﺻﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮا و‬
‫ اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه از ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻳﺎ‬. ‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪه در ﻛﻮره ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺮف‬
‫ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬،‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ و اﺑﻌﺎد اﺟﺰاء ﺑﺮج ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
. ‫اﺳﺖ‬
، ‫ ﭘﺲ از ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬،‫* اﮔﺮ از آﺑﻬﺎي ﻧﻤﻜﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫آﻏﺸﺘﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﻛﺎﻓﻲ اداﻣﻪ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ واﻛﻨﺶ‬
. ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ درون ﭼﻮب ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺮدد‬
*If water born salts are used, seasoning
after treatment shall be continued for
enough time to complete the chemical
reaction within the wood.
‫ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از‬3-3-8
8.3.3 Framework of the factory assembled
cooling towers shall be either steel or wood. If
location of the cooling tower and relevant
processes create corrosive conditions, then
proper wood can be used subject to purchaser’s
approval.
‫ اﮔﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬. ‫ﭼﻮب ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﻻد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﭼﻮب ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬، ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﻮرﻧﺪه اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
. ‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮاﻧﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
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Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬4-8
8.4 Casing
: ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
Casing material shall be selected as follow:
a) The casing material of the cooling towers
with reinforced concrete framework shall be
precast concrete panels.
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ‬
b) The casing material of the field erected
cooling towers with wood or steel
framework, shall be fire retardant fiber
reinforced polyester corrugated panels.
‫ب( ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‬
c) The casing material of the factory
assembled cooling towers, shall be
galvanized steel.
‫ج( ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺷﺪه در‬
. ‫ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از دﻳﻮاره ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﺪار ﻣﻘﺎوم‬
. ‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﻟﻴﺎف ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ ﺿﺪ آﺗﺶ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
. ‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻓﻮﻻد ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
8.5 Splash Type Packings
‫ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮع ﭼﻜﻪ اي‬5-8
One of the following materials shall be used:
: ‫ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻮاد زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬
a) Douglas Fir Wood considering Clauses
8.3.2 (a) and (b) of this Standard shall be
used.
2-3-8 ‫اﻟﻒ( ﭼﻮب داﮔﻼس ﻓﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
b) poly vinyl chloride(PVC) may be used in
locations where there is a low fire risk.
‫( ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ‬PVC) ‫ب( ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮاﻳﺪ‬
c) Stainless steel may be used when totally
fireproof material is required.
‫ج( ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن در زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺿﺪ آﺗﺶ ﻣﻮرد‬
. ‫)اﻟﻒ( و )ب( اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬
. ‫آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮزي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬
. ‫ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬
‫ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮع ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ‬6-8
8.6 Film Type Packings
(PVC) ‫ﻣﻮاد ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮع ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮاﻳﺪ‬
The material of film type packings shall be
high efficiency cellular polyvinyl chloride
(PVC).
.‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ‬7-8
8.7 Spray Nozzles
. ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬PVC ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎي اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺮاﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ‬
The material of spray type nozzles shall be
ceramic or PVC.
‫ ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬8-8
8.8 Louvers
‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ در ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه در‬1-8-8
8.8.1 The material of louvers in the field
erected cooling tower with reinforced concrete
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻠﻲ‬
. ‫اﺳﺘﺮ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﻟﻴﺎف ﺿﺪ آﺗﺶ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
framework shall be precast reinforced concrete
or fire retardant fiber reinforced polyester.
8.8.2 The material of louvers in cooling towers
with wood framework, shall be properly
treated Douglas Fir Wood considering Clause
8.3.2 (a) and (b) of this Standard.
‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ در ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬2-8-8
8.8.3 The material of louvers in the factory
assembled cooling towers with steel
framework, shall be galvanized steel.
‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﺷﺪه در‬3-8-8
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﭼﻮب داﮔﻼس ﻓﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
.‫ )اﻟﻒ( و )ب( اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬2-3-8 ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
. ‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻮﻻد ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
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‫ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬9-8
8.9 Drift Eliminators
8.9.1 If splash type packings of wood material
is going to be used in the cooling tower, then
the material of drift eliminators, shall be
properly treated wood considering Clauses
8.3.2 (a) and (b) of this Standard.
، ‫ اﮔﺮ از ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻜﻪ اي از ﺟﻨﺲ ﭼﻮب اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدد‬1-9-8
8.9.2 If packing material is PVC, the material
of drift eliminators shall be cellular polyvinyl
chloride (PVC).
‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي‬، ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬PVC ‫ اﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬2-9-8
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﭼﻮب ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري‬، ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬
(‫ )اﻟﻒ( و )ب( اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬2-3-8 ‫ﺷﺪه )ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
. ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫( ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬PVC) ‫آب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﭘﻠﻲ وﻳﻨﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮاﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺤﻮري‬10-8
8.10 Blade of Axial Flow Type Fans
‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺤﻮري ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻠﻲ اﺳﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ اﻟﻴﺎف ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
. ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ASTM B179 ‫ﻳﺎ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم رﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻃﺒﻖ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
Blade material of axial flow type fans, shall be
polyester with fiberglass or aluminum cast
according to ASTM B179.
‫ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬11-8
8.11 Blade of Centrifugal Flow type Fans
‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻮﻻد ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪه‬
. ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Blade material of centrifugal flow type fans
shall be steel, being hot dip galvanized.
‫ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ‬12-8
8.12 Fan Hub
8.12.1 Fan hub material shall be so selected
that it is structurally compatible with blade
weight and loading.
‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ از‬1-12-8
8.12.2 One of the following material shall be
selected as the hub material:
‫ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻮاد زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮر‬2-12-8
. ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺎزه اي ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري و وزن ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﺴﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
.‫اﻟﻒ( ﻓﻮﻻد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه‬
a) Galvanized structural steel.
‫( ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه ﻃﺒﻖ‬ASTM-A536) ‫ب( ﭼﺪن ﻧﺸﻜﻦ‬
b) Ductile cast iron (ASTM-A 536)
galvanized per ASTM-A153.
ASTM-A153
‫ج( ﭼﺪن ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي‬
c) Gray cast iron
‫د( آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﻛﺎر ﺷﺪه ﻳﺎ رﻳﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﻫﺎي آب ﺷﻮر‬
d) Wrought or cast aluminum For brackish
and sea water services, zinc coated hubs
shall be coated with two coats of coal tar
polyamide epoxy 400 µm total nominal dry
film thickness.
‫ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎي روي اﻧﺪود ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ دو ﻻﻳﻪ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬، ‫و آب درﻳﺎ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﺮان زﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اﺳﻤﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻻﻳﻪ‬
. ‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داده ﺷﻮد‬400 ،‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ اﮔﺮ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻴﻐﻪ و ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻣﻮرد‬3-12-8
8.12.3 If different metallic materials are going
to be used for fan blade and hub, they shall be
separated from each other to prevent galvanic
corrosion.
‫ ﻓﻠﺰات‬،‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد ؛ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﺪا ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ‬13-8
8.13 Fan Deck
. ‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺲ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﻫﻤﺴﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬1-13-8
8.13.1 The fan deck material shall be
compatible with framework material.
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8.13.2 For cooling towers with wood
framework, the fan deck material, shall be
tongue and groove fir plywood.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﺟﻨﺲ‬2-13-8
8.13.3 For cooling towers with reinforced
concrete framework, the fan deck material,
shall be prestressed double-tee sections.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬3-13-8
8.13.4 For cooling towers with steel
framework, the fan deck material shall be
galvanized steel. In this case for brackish and
sea water services, fan deck shall be coated
with two coats of coal tar polyamid epoxy 400
µm total nominal dry film thickness.
‫ ﺟﻨﺲ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﻓﻮﻻدي‬4-13-8
. ‫ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻲ ﻓﺎق و زﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
. ‫ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻨﻴﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬T ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ دوﺑﻞ‬، ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻓﻮﻻد ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ دو ﻻﻳﻪ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬،‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي آب ﺷﻮر و آب درﻳﺎ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﺮان زﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اﺳﻤﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
. ‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داده ﺷﻮد‬400
(‫ دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ )اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ‬14-8
8.14 Fan Stack (Cylinder)
One of the following materials shall be
selected as the fan stack (cylinder) material
depending on the framework material:
‫ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻮاد زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﻨﺲ دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
. ‫ﺟﻨﺲ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
8.14.1 For cooling towers with all different
materials of framework, fan stack material may
be fiber reinforced plastic.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺘﻲ از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎي‬1-14-8
8.14.2 For cooling towers with wood
framework, properly treated wood shall be
used.
‫ ﭼﻮب ﺑﻪ‬، ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬2-14-8
8.14.3 For cooling towers with steel
framework, steel fan stack shall be used.
‫دودﻛﺶ‬، ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﻓﻮﻻدي‬3-14-8
8.15 Fan Shaft, Discs, Flexible Coupling,
and Bolting
‫ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬، ‫ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ دﻳﺴﻚ ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ‬15-8
These components shall be stainless steel Type
304 or Type 316. For brackish and sea water
services these components shall be stainless
steel Type 316.
‫ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬316 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬304 ‫اﻳﻦ اﺟﺰا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻧﻮع ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن ﻧﻮع‬
‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت آب ﺷﻮر و آب درﻳﺎ اﻳﻦ اﺟﺰا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن ﻧﻮع‬
.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬316
8.16 Hardware (Bolts, Nuts, Washers, Nails,
Lag Screws and Washers)
، ‫ ﻣﻴﺦ ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ واﺷﺮﻫﺎ‬، ‫ ﻣﻬﺮه ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ ﺳﺨﺖ اﻓﺰار )ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ‬16 -8
Fan bolts and hardware shall be made of
carbon steel, galvanized per ASTM-A 123. For
brackish and sea water services, these
components shall be made of Type 316
stainless steel.
‫ ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه‬، ‫ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻦ و ﺳﺨﺖ اﻓﺰارﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺪﻣﺎت آب ﺷﻮر و آب‬. ‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASTM-A123 ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬
. ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬316 ‫درﻳﺎ اﻳﻦ اﺟﺰا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن ﻧﻮع‬
8.17
Supports
and
Guards
for
Mechanical Equipment, Electric Motor
Support, Ladders,
Safety Cages and
Gratings
، ‫ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و ﺣﻔﺎظ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬17-8
All above mentioned components shall be
carbon steel, hot dip galvanized per ASTM-A
123.
‫ ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪه ﻃﺒﻖ‬،‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ اﺟﺰا ﻓﻮق ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ‬
. ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ASTM-A123
‫ ﺟﻨﺲ دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ‬،‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
. ‫اﻟﻴﺎف ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
. ‫ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
. ‫ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫و ﭘﻴﭻ و ﻣﻬﺮه‬
(‫ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻴﻤﻪ رزوه و واﺷﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﺣﻔﺎظ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻤﻨﻲ و‬، ‫ ﻧﺮدﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻗﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻒ ﭘﻮش‬
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‫ ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ روي اﻧﺪود ﺑﺮاي‬، ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت آب ﺷﻮر و آب درﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ و ﺣﻔﺎظ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ دو ﻻﻳﻪ از‬
‫رﻧﮓ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﺮان زﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اﺳﻤﻲ ﻛﻞ‬
. ‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮو ﻣﺘﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داده ﺷﻮد‬400 ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
For brackish and sea water services, zinc
coated carbon steel for mechanical equipment
supports and guards, shall be coated with two
coats of coal tar polyamid epoxy 400 µm total
nominal dry film thickness.
‫ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و ﮔﻴﺮه ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ‬18-8
8.18 Packings Supports and Hangers
‫ و‬PVC ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و ﮔﻴﺮه ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻜﻪ اي از ﺟﻨﺲ‬
.‫ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن و ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻏﺸﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻮﻻد زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و ﮔﻴﺮه ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﭼﻜﻪ اي ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﭼﻮب ﺑﻪ‬
. ‫ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The supports and hangers of the splash type
packings with PVC and stainless steel
materials and film type packings shall be
stainless steel. The supports and hangers for
the splash type packing with wood material,
shall be properly treated wood.
‫ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮج‬19-8
8.19 Tower Supports
The cooling tower supports shall be made of
reinforced concrete or steel depending on the
Purchaser’s approval.
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮج ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻳﺎ‬
.‫ﻓﻮﻻد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
8.20 Risers,
Distributors
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ و ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬، ‫ ﭼﻨﺪ راﻫﻪ ﻫﺎ‬، ‫ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ‬20-8
Manifolds,
Reducers
and
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬
These components shall be hot-dip galvanized
steel.
. ‫اﻳﻦ اﺟﺰاء ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻮﻻد ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
8.21 Risers and Trash Racks Including
Frame
‫ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و آﺷﻐﺎل ﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﻜﻠﺖ‬21-8
8.21.1 For fresh water services these
components shall be carbon steel galvanized
per ASTM-A 123
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي آب ﺗﺎزه اﻳﻦ اﺟﺰا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ‬1-21-8
8.21.2 For brackish and sea water services
these components shall be stainless steel Type
316. In these cases means of protecting
hardware from crevice corrosion, such as
cathodic protection by carbon steel, shall be
provided.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي آب ﺷﻮر و آب درﻳﺎ اﻳﻦ اﺟﺰا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻮﻻد‬2-21-8
. ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ASTM-A-123 ‫ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه ﻃﺒﻖ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد روﺷﻬﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺳﺨﺖ اﻓﺰار‬.‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬316 ‫زﻧﮓ ﻧﺰن‬
‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﺪي ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻮﻻد‬،‫در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﺷﻴﺎري‬
. ‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬، ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ‬
(‫ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه )ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬22-8
8.22 Gear (Speed Reducer) Casing
8.22.1 For fresh water services, it shall be cast
or ductile iron properly galvanized.
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺟﻨﺲ ﭼﺪن‬، ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي آب ﺗﺎزه‬1-22-8
8.22.2 For brackish and sea water services, it
shall be cast or ductile iron properly galvanized
and coated with two coats of coal tarpolyamide
epoxy 400 µm total nominal * dry film
thickness. For Engineering Standard for Paint
see IPS-E-TP-100.
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﺟﻨﺲ‬، ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي آب ﺷﻮر و آب درﻳﺎ‬2-22-8
.‫ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي ﻳﺎ ﭼﺪن ﻧﺸﻜﻦ‬
‫ﭼﺪن ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي وﻳﺎ ﭼﺪن ﻧﺸﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﮔﺎﻟﻮاﻧﻴﺰه ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ دو‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪ رﻧﮓ اﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﭘﻠﻲ آﻣﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﺮان زﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي‬. ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬، ‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داده ﺷﺪه‬400 ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ‬
. ‫ را ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ‬IPS-E-TP-100 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ رﻧﮓ‬
41
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
APPENDICES
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ‬
APPENDIX A
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ اﻟﻒ‬
INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED BY
THE PURCHASER
‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار آﻣﺎده ﮔﺮدد‬
5
6
‫ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‬1-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.1 Location of Site
........................ ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ اي ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ‬
a) National grid ref. or equipment.......................
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬.............. ‫ب( ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ‬
b) Height above ground level.......................... m
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬................ ‫ج( ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﺳﻄﺢ درﻳﺎ‬
c) Height above sea level................................ m
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬.................‫د( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﺑﺎد‬
d) Maximum expected wind speed............m/sec
e) Speed of prevailing wind ..................... m/sec
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬......................... ‫ﻫ( ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬
f) Direction of prevailing wind……....................
....................................................................................‫ز( ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬
A.2 Site Details
‫ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‬2-‫اﻟﻒ‬
a) Available area:
: ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺳﻄﺢ در دﺳﺘﺮس‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬....................................................................................... ‫ ﻃﻮل‬‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬...................................................................................... ‫ ﻋﺮض‬-
- Length..................................................... m
- Width..................................................... m
:‫ب( ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
b) Height limit:
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬.................................................................................... ‫ ﻛﻤﻴﻨﻪ‬‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬................................................................................... ‫ ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ‬-
- min .......................................................... m
- max .......................................................... m
................................................................. ‫ج( ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ دﻳﮕﺮ‬
c) Any other restrictions.................................
. ‫د( ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺮج ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
d) Drawing of tower location attached
‫ ﻋﻤﺮ و ﻧﻮع ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬3-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.3 Lifetime of the Cooling Tower and its
Type
‫ ﺳﺎل‬................................................................................ ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ‬
a) Lifetime ................................................. years
.......................................................................................(1) ‫ب( ﻧﻮع‬
b) Type (1)................................................
( 2)
A.4 Restrictions on Unit Size (2)
‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه واﺣﺪ‬4-‫اﻟﻒ‬
............................................................................... ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎ‬
a) Number of towers................................................
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬............................................. ‫ب( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺟﺮم در ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ‬
b) Maximum lifetime mass ........................... kg
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬.................................................‫ج( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺟﺮم ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري‬
c) Maximum operating mass ......................... kg
:‫د( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
d) Max. permissible size of largest section:
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬.......................................................................................... ‫ ﻃﻮل‬-
- Length..................................................... m
- Width………................................................. m
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬......................................................................................... ‫ ﻋﺮض‬-
- Height……...................................................... m
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬........................................................................................ ‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع‬‫ﻫ( آﻳﺎ ﺑﺮاي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد؟‬
e) Are they required with basins?
42
‫آﺑﺎن ‪Oct 2009 / 1388‬‬
‫)‪IPS-G-ME-160(2‬‬
‫اﻟﻒ‪ 5-‬ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮاوردي ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮج )ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ(‬
‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪A.5 Preliminary Duty of Each Tower (Design‬‬
‫)‪Conditions)(1‬‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب ‪ ..................................................‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫‪a) Water flow.............................................. m³/h‬‬
‫ب( دﻣﺎي آب ورودي ‪ ................................................‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫‪b) Inlet water temperature............................. °C‬‬
‫ج( دﻣﺎي آب ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‪ .................................................‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫اﻟﻒ‪ 6-‬ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫‪c) Outlet water temperature …………..……..°C‬‬
‫)‪(4‬‬
‫)‪A.6 Ambient Air Conditions(4‬‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣﺎي ﺣﺒﺎب ﺧﺸﻚ ‪ ..........................‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫‪a) Max. dry bulb temperature ........................ °C‬‬
‫ب( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دﻣﺎي ﺣﺒﺎب ﺧﺸﻚ ‪ ..............................‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫‪b) Min. dry bulb temperature......................... °C‬‬
‫ج( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣﺎي ﺣﺒﺎب ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ‪ ............................‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫‪c) Max. wet bulb temperature........................ °C‬‬
‫د( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دﻣﺎي ﺣﺒﺎب ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ‪ ..............................‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫‪d) min. wet bulb temperature ........................ °C‬‬
‫ﻫ( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ‪ ..........................................‬درﺻﺪ‬
‫‪e) Max. relative humidity ............................... %‬‬
‫و( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ‪ ...........................................‬درﺻﺪ‬
‫‪f) min. relative humidity................................ %‬‬
‫ز( آﻳﺎ ﻃﻮﻓﺎن ﺷﻦ در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ اﺗﻔﺎق ﻣﻲ اﻓﺘﺪ؟‪.........................‬‬
‫…………… ?‪g) Is sand storm happening at site‬‬
‫ح( اﻧﺪازه ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ذره ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻫﻮا ‪.....................................‬‬
‫‪h) Size of biggest particles in air …………..…..‬‬
‫ط( اﻧﺪازه ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ذره ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻫﻮا ‪...........................................‬‬
‫……………… ‪i) Size of smallest particle in air‬‬
‫ي( ﻣﻴﺰان ذرات ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻫﻮا )ﺑﻪ درﺻﺪ(‪....................................... :‬‬
‫‪j) Amount of particles in air (%): .................................‬‬
‫‬‫‪-‬‬
‫‪- By volume............................................... %‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ‪ .......................................................................‬درﺻﺪ‬
‫وزﻧﻲ ‪ ...........................................................................‬درﺻﺪ‬
‫ك( ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫‪- By weight ....................................................... %‬‬
‫)‪k) preliminary ambient air design conditions:(1‬‬
‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪ -‬دﻣﺎي ﺣﺒﺎب ﺧﺸﻚ ‪ ....................................‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫‪- Dry bulb temp ........................................ °C‬‬
‫‪ -‬دﻣﺎي ﺣﺒﺎب ﺗﺮ ‪ ............................................‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫‪- Wet bulb temp ........................................ °C‬‬
‫‪- Relative humidity....................................‬‬
‫ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ‪...............................................‬‬‫اﻟﻒ‪ 7-‬ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮق‬
‫‪A.7 Electricity supply‬‬
‫اﻟﻒ( وﻟﺘﺎژ ‪ ......................................................................................‬وﻟﺖ‬
‫‪a) Voltage....................................................... V‬‬
‫ب( ﻓﺎز ‪.................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪b) Phase.........................................................‬‬
‫ج(ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ )ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ( ‪ .....................................................‬ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬
‫‪c) Frequency............................................. C/sec‬‬
‫د( ﺗﻮان در دﺳﺘﺮس ‪ ..............................................................‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات‬
‫‪d) Available power …………...................... kW‬‬
‫اﻟﻒ‪ 8-‬ﺳﺮ و ﺻﺪا‬
‫‪A.8 Noise‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻮد ‪ .....................................................................................................‬ﺑﻠﻪ‬
‫‪The system shall be designed and provided to‬‬
‫‪comply with this Standard ............................ yes‬‬
‫‪43‬‬
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت آب‬9-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.9 Details of Water
a) Type..........................................................
................................................................................................ ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻧﻮع‬
b) Source ……………...................................
................................................................................................ ‫ب( ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬
c) The variation of water analysis and
temperature during different times of the year
(if any) shall be as stated below:
‫ج( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ و دﻣﺎي آب در زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎل)در ﺻﻮرت‬
d) Maximum inlet water temperature ............ °C
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬................................... ‫د( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣﺎي آب ورودي‬
e) Minimum inlet water temperature ............. °C
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬.................................... ‫ﻫ( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دﻣﺎي آب ورودي‬
f) Maximum acceptable outlet water
temperature …………………….................... °C
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬.............. ‫و( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل آب ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬
g) Minimum acceptable outlet water
temperature ……………………………….... °C
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬............... ‫ز( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دﻣﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل آب ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬
:‫وﺟﻮد( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در زﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد‬
h) Water supplier …………...........................
..................................................................... ‫ح( ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬
i) Preliminary recommended details of intended
water temperature ( if known) shall be as
follows:(1)
‫ط( ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت اوﻟﻴﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي دﻣﺎي آب ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه )اﮔﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم‬
j) Recommended purge rate (1) ................. L/sec
‫ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬.................................(1) ‫ي( ﻧﺮخ دور رﻳﺰي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
k) Mains pressure available for make up..... kPa
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬..................... ‫ك( ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺮاي آب ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ‬
(1)
....
l) pressure available at tower inlet...... kPa
:‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬...............‫ل( ﻓﺸﺎري ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ورودي ﺑﺮج‬
m)Expected contamination .................................
....................................................... ‫م( ﻣﻴﺰان آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﻈﺎر‬
n)Basin..................................................................................
...................................................................................... ‫ن( ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬
1) The basin design shall be done by....................
‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد‬.......................................... ‫( ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬1
2) The material shall be provided by...................
‫ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد‬............................................................. ‫( ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬2
o) Inlet and outlet pipe characteristics available
at site:
:‫س( ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‬
:‫( ورودي‬1
1) Inlet:
- Number...........................................................
................................................................................................ ‫ ﺗﻌﺪاد‬-
- Nominal size.........................................................
................................................................................... ‫ اﻧﺪازه اﺳﻤﻲ‬-
- Material (relevant standard)..........................
......................................................... (‫ ﺟﻨﺲ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬-
- Any flange available……………………..
.................................................................................. ‫ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬-
- Flange material (relevant standard)...................
................................................ (‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬-
- Location.....................................................................
......................................................................................... ‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬-
44
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
2) Outlet:
‫( ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬2
- Number.................................................................
................................................................................................ ‫ ﺗﻌﺪاد‬-
- Nominal size............................................
................................................................................... ‫ اﻧﺪازه اﺳﻤﻲ‬-
- Material (relevant standard).....................
.......................................................... (‫ ﺟﻨﺲ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬-
- Any flange available....................................
.................................................................................. ‫ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬-
- Flange material (relevant standard).................
................................................. (‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬-
- Location…………………………....................
......................................................................................... ‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬‫ع( آب ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ‬
p) Make up water
- Temperature........................................... °C
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬...................................................................... ‫ دﻣﺎ‬-
- Pressure............ .......................................................kPa
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬.......................................................................... ‫ ﻓﺸﺎر‬-
- Quantity (3) .......................................................L/sec
‫ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬..................................................................... (3)‫ ﻣﻘﺪار‬-
- Source...........................................................
................................................................................ ‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬:‫ آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرت زﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
- Analysis shall be as follows:
.................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
‫ روش ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه‬10-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.10 Indoor Tank Method
‫اﻟﻒ( آﻳﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه وﺟﻮد دارد ؟‬
a) Is there any possibility to use indoor tank
method?
b) The location of indoor tank and available
space will be as follows:
‫ب( ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه و ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﻳﺮ‬
A.11 Is there any possibility to use wood in any
part of the cooling tower?
‫ آﻳﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﻴﺮي ﭼﻮب در ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬11-‫اﻟﻒ‬
A.12 Is it necessary to provide side stream
filtration for basin water? (1)
‫ آﻳﺎ ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ آب ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻛﻨﺎري‬12-‫اﻟﻒ‬
:‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
‫وﺟﻮد دارد ؟‬
(1)
‫ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد ؟‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Notes:
1) They will be finalized during contract
execution.
.‫( اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮارد در ﻃﻲ اﺟﺮاي ﻗﺮارداد ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬1
2) Any restrictions, particular to the site, shall
be made clear. Particular attention shall be
drawn to the followings:
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮارد‬.‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﻔﺎف ﺷﻮد‬،‫ ﻣﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‬،‫( ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ‬2
:‫ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﻳﮋه ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي وﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ‬-
- Restricted access for delivery vehicles.
‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬-
- Restricted access for cooling towers into
building.
- Building
movement.
design
restrictions
to
‫ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻮا‬-
air
45
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت دودﻛﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎور‬
‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪي و دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ و اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دﻣﺎي ﺣﺒﺎب ﺧﺸﻚ ﻫﻮاي‬
.‫ داده ﺷﻮد‬،‫ورودي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
- Details of adjacent chimneys, discharge
ventilation fans or process discharges and
other heat sources and equipment
consideration shall be given to possible
environmental heat gain which may increase
the wet bulb temperature of the air at intake
of the cooling tower.
3) This quantity is the maximum available and
Vendor shall optimize the consumption
considering this Standard.
‫( اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﺳﺖ و ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ در‬3
4) Complete details of the meteorological data
shall be provided by purchaser and submitted to
the Vendor as a part of this Appendix.
‫( ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﻛﺎﻣﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻫﻮا ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و‬4
.‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺼﺮف را ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه اراﺋﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
46
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
APPENDIX B
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ب‬
INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED BY
VENDOR
‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
B.1 Preliminary proposed type of tower(1) ....................
...................................................(1) ‫ ﻧﻮع ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮج‬1-‫ب‬
B.2 Number of towers..................................................
........................................................................... ‫ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎ‬2-‫ب‬
B.3 Number of cells in each tower…......................... .........
.................................................. ‫ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎ در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮج‬3-‫ب‬
B.4
Maximum
lifting/operating
mass
of
tower.................................................................. kg/kg
...................... ‫ در ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎر‬/‫ ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ وزن ﺑﺮج در ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﺮدن‬4-‫ب‬
7
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم‬/‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم‬
B.5 Lifetime of cooling tower and its
auxiliaries............................................................ years
‫ ﺳﺎل‬........ ‫ ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻛﻤﻜﻲ‬5-‫ب‬
B.6 Dry mass of each tower............................... ................kg
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم‬............................................... ‫ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮج‬6-‫ب‬
B.7
A
mass
distribution
diagram
is
enclosed................................................................. yes
‫ ﺑﻠﻪ‬................... ‫ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ وزن ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬7-‫ب‬
B.8 Maximum size of largest section:
:‫ ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ‬8-‫ب‬
- Length ............................................................................m
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬.................................................................................... ‫ ﻃﻮل‬-
- Width............................................................... m
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬................................................................................... ‫ ﻋﺮض‬-
- Height ..................................................................... m
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬.................................................................................. ‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع‬-
B.9 Design of basin will be done by...........................
‫ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬.......................... ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬9 -‫ب‬
B.10 Material of basin will be supplied by..................
‫ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬..........................‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬10 -‫ب‬
(1)
B.11 Preliminary duty of each tower (design
conditions):(1)
:(‫ ﺑﺎر اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮج )ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬11-‫ب‬
a) Water flow................... ........................................m³/hr
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬........................................... ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب‬
b) Inlet water temperature............................. °C
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬.......................................... ‫ب( دﻣﺎي آب ورودي‬
c) Outlet water temperature ......................... °C
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬......................................... ‫ج( دﻣﺎي آب ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬
B.12 Preliminary proposed packings:(1)
:‫ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي اوﻟﻴﻪ‬12 -‫ب‬
a) Type................................................................
............................................................................................. ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻧﻮع‬
b) Material...........................................................
......................................................................................... ‫ب( ﺟﻨﺲ‬
B.13 Casing:
:‫ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬13-‫ب‬
a) Material..............................................................
......................................................................................... ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺟﻨﺲ‬
b) Protective treatment..............................................................
........................................................................ ‫ب( ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ‬
47
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
B.14 Fans:
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
:‫ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ‬14 -‫ب‬
a) Type...................................................................
......................................................................................... ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻧﻮع‬
b) Number in each tower........................................
................................................................... ‫ب( ﺗﻌﺪاد در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮج‬
c) Fan static pressure........................................ kPa
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬................................................ ‫ج( ﻓﺸﺎر اﻳﺴﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﻦ‬
d) Fan speed ................................................................rpm
‫ دور ﺑﺮ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬.............................................................. ‫د( ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻦ‬
e) Handling wet of ambient air.......................................
................................................. ‫ﻫ( رﻃﻮﺑﺖ زﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
f) Manufacturer............................................................
........................................................................................ ‫و( ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬
:‫ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬15 -‫ب‬
B.15 Motors:
a) Number per tower................................................
.................................................................. ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﻌﺪاد در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮج‬
b) Absorbed power by each motor................... kW
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات‬............................................. ‫ب( ﺗﻮان درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﺗﻮر‬
c) Rated power of each motor.......................... kW
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات‬.................................................... ‫ج( ﺗﻮان اﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮر‬
‫ دور ﺑﺮ دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬..................................................................... ‫د( ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
d) Speed.............................................................. rpm
:‫ﻫ( ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮق‬
e) Electricity supply:
‫ وﻟﺖ‬.................................................................................... ‫ وﻟﺘﺎژ‬-
- Voltage.................................. .............................................V
.......................................................................................... ‫ ﻓﺎز‬-
- Phase…………………………………………..
‫ ﻫﺮﺗﺰ‬.............................................................. (‫ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ )ﺑﺴﺎﻣﺪ‬-
- Frequency..................................................... Hz
................................................................................... ‫و( اﻧﺪازه ﻗﺎب‬
f) Frame size............................................................
g) Enclosure.................................................................................
...................................................................................... ‫ز( ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬
h) Manufacturer......................................................
...................................................................................... ‫ح( ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬
i) Inside wet stream (yes/no)...................................
........................................ (‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬/‫ط( ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺮﻃﻮب داﺧﻠﻲ )ﺑﻠﻪ‬
j) Outside wet stream (yes/no)................................
....................................... (‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬/‫ي( ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ )ﺑﻠﻪ‬
:‫ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت ﮔﺮدش ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬16-‫ب‬
B.16 Drive details will be as follows:
: ‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬17-‫ب‬
B.17 Distribution system:
a) Type.......................................................................
........................................................................................ ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻧﻮع‬
b) Minimum pressure at tower inlet.................. kPa
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬................. ‫ب( ﻛﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﺸﺎر در ورودي ﺑﺮج‬
:‫ ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬18-‫ب‬
B.18 Drift eliminators:
a) Material.............................................................
................................................................................... ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺟﻨﺲ‬
b) Expected drift loss ................................................ %
‫ درﺻﺪ‬.........................‫ب( ﺗﻠﻔﺎت آب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﻈﺎر‬
‫ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬................................................(1) ‫ ﻧﺮخ دور رﻳﺰ‬19-‫ب‬
B.19 Purge rate (1)........................................... L/sec
48
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
(1)
B.20 Required make up:(1)
:‫ آب ﺟﺒﺮاﻧﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬20-‫ب‬
- Pressure ......................................................... kPa
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬...................................................................... ‫ ﻓﺸﺎر‬-
- Temperature ................................................ °C
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬.................................................................. ‫ دﻣﺎ‬-
- Flow............................................................. L/sec
‫ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬................................................................... ‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬:‫ آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
- Analysis shall be as follows:
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
‫ ﺳﺮ و ﺻﺪا‬21-‫ب‬
B.21 Noise
The system shall be designed and provided to comply
with this Standard.
.‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
B.22 All information listed in Appendix A, items
A.9, A.10 and A.11 shall be provided and listed
herebelow by the Vendor:
،9-‫ ﻣﻮارد اﻟﻒ‬،‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت درج ﺷﺪه در ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ اﻟﻒ‬22-‫ب‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ و در زﻳﺮ درج‬،11-‫ اﻟﻒ‬،10-‫اﻟﻒ‬
.‫ﮔﺮدد‬
49
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
:‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﭘﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
The filling by the Vendor:
(1)
‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬23-‫ب‬
B.23 The ambient air design conditions: (1) :
- Dry bulb......................................................... °C
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬................................................ ‫ ﺣﺒﺎب ﺧﺸﻚ‬-
- Wet bulb ...................................................... °C
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬........................................................ ‫ ﺣﺒﺎب ﺗﺮ‬-
- Relative humidity....................................... %
‫ درﺻﺪ‬................................................................. ‫ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬‫ ﺟﻨﺲ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻨﺲ و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎ‬24-‫ب‬
B.24 Materials (the relevant standards for materials
and coatings shall be mentioned):
(‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
a) Basin..................................................................
..................................................................................... ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬
b) Basin sump.........................................................
................................................................ ‫ب( ﭼﺎﻻب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬
c) Framework..........................................................
........................................................................................... ‫ج( اﺳﻜﻠﺖ‬
d) Casing.................................................................
............................................................................................. ‫د( ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
e) Packing.........................................................................
.............................................................................................. ‫ﻫ( ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬
f) Spray nozzles.......................................................
........................................................................... ‫و( اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ‬
g) Louvers…….................................................................
......................................................................................... ‫ز( ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
h) Drift eliminators.................................................
.................................. ‫ح( ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬
i) Fan blade.............................................................................
........................................................................................ ‫ط( ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻓﻦ‬
.......................................................................... ‫ي( ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ‬
j) Fan hub...............................................................
.....................................................................................‫ك( ﺳﻜﻮي ﻓﻦ‬
k) Fan deck.............................................................
.................................................................................. ‫ل( دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ‬
l) Fan stack..............................................................
......‫ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ و ﺗﺴﻤﻪ اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬،‫ دﻳﺴﻚ ﻫﺎ‬،‫م( ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ‬
m) Fan shaft, discs, flexible coupling and belting…
................................................................................... ‫ن( ﺳﺨﺖ اﻓﺰار‬
n) Hardware.............................................................
o) Supports and guards for mechanical equipment......
................ ‫س( ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ و ﺣﻔﺎظ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
p) Support for electric motors..................................
.................................................. ‫ع( ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬
q) Packings supports...............................................
.............................................................‫ف( ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
r) Hangers...............................................................
s) Tower support.........................................................................
........................................................................................ ‫ص( ﮔﻴﺮه ﻫﺎ‬
t) Risers..................................................................
............................................................................. ‫ق( ﻧﮕﻬﺪارﻧﺪه ﺑﺮج‬
u) Manifolds..........................................................
.................................................................................. ‫ر( ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ‬
................................................................................. ‫ش( ﭼﻨﺪ راﻫﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
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Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
v) Reducers.............................................................
................................................................................. ‫ث( ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬
w) Screens including frame.....................................
............................................................... ‫خ( ﺗﻮري ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎب دار‬
x) Trash racks including frame...............................
...........................................................‫ذ( آﺷﻐﺎﻟﮕﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﺎب دار‬
y) Gear casing........................................................
..................................................................... ‫ض( ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ دﻧﺪه‬
z) The materials of other parts shall be specified
herebelow
26
‫ظ( ﺟﻨﺲ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدد‬
Name of Part Material
27
MATERIAL
‫ﻧﺎم ﺟﻨﺲ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
..........................
...........................
.........................
...........................
.........................
...........................
...........................
.......................
........................
.....................
.......................
.....................
.......................
......................
28
:‫ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ‬25 -‫ب‬
B.25 Freeze Protection:
a) Are two speed fans provided?
‫اﻟﻒ( آﻳﺎ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي دو ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻪ ﺗﺪارك ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ؟‬
b) Are fans stopping provided?
‫ب( آﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺪارك ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ؟‬
c) Are fans reversing provided?
‫ج( آﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺪارك ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ؟‬
‫د( آﻳﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺪارك ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ؟‬
d) Are fans speed control provided?
‫ﻫ( آﻳﺎ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ زاوﻳﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺗﺪارك ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ؟‬
e) Are fans with variable pitch?
f) Is preheating of the inlet air with hot water bypass
provided?
‫و( آﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻦ ﻫﻮاي ورودي ﺑﺎ آب ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر ﺗﺪارك‬
g) Are adjustable inlet air louvers provided?
‫ز( آﻳﺎ ﺑﺎدﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ در ورودي ﻫﻮا ﺗﺪارك ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ؟‬
‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ؟‬
h) Is reducing the numbers of packings cells
provided?
‫ح( آﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﺗﺪارك ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ؟‬
i) Prevention of basin water from freezing:
‫ط( ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ آب ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ از ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ‬
• Basin draining
‫• ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ‬
‫• روش ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه‬
‫• روش ﮔﺮﻣﻜﻦ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
• Indoor tank method
• Electric immersion heater or steam heating
methods
‫• روش ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻛﻨﺎرﮔﺬر‬
• Bypass circulation method
‫ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺗﺪارك ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮارد ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در‬26-‫ب‬
B.26 The provisions provided in the system for the
followings shall be described in the empty space
below:
.‫ﻓﻀﺎي ﺧﺎﻟﻲ زﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ داده ﺷﻮد‬
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Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
:‫اﻟﻒ( ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺮي‬
a) Reducing the drift effects:
b) Reducing the blow out nuisance:
:‫ب( ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺑﺮون ﭘﺎﺷﻲ‬
c) Reducing the fogging and plume nuisance:
:‫ج( ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻣﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ‬
:‫د( دور رﻳﺰ و ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬
d) Blow down and draining:
:‫ﻫ( ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﺪا‬
e) Noise level:
f) Access to different parts:
:‫و( دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬
g) Fire prevention:
:‫ز( ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮزي‬
:‫ح( ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ دﻣﺎي آب ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬
h) Outlet water temperature lower limit:
:‫ط( ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ دﻣﺎي آب ورودي‬
i) Maximum inlet water temperature:
:‫ي( ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮف ﻛﺮدن رﺳﻮﺑﺎت‬
j) Removing scale:
:(‫ك( ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ارﺗﻌﺎش )ﻟﺮزش ﮔﻴﺮي‬
k) Vibration isolation:
:‫ل( ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﺮدن ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺮق‬
l) Fans stopping where there is no power supply to
their motors:
:‫م( ﺗﻮري ﻫﻮاي ورودي‬
m) Screen for air inlet:
:‫ن( ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ‬
n) Interference problem:
:‫س( ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬
o) Recirculation problem:
p) Water treatment:
:‫ع( ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
(1)
.‫(ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ در ﻃﻲ ﻗﺮارداد ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬1)
They will be finalized during contract.
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Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
APPENDIX C
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ج‬
CONSIDERATION ON SOME FACTORS
AFFECTING RECIRCULATION
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺗﻲ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬
8
C.1 Tower Shape and Orientation with
Prevailing Wind
‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺮج و زاوﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬1-‫ج‬
Considering the speed and direction of
prevailing wind, the cooling tower shall be
located in a way that relatively lower pressure
area is not created on none of the open sides of
inlet air to the cooling tower to prevent the
outlet air being recirculated and affecting the
inlet air temperature. If this concept can not be
implemented, one of the following methods,
after technical and cost evaluation, shall be
selected:
‫ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬، ‫ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﻫﻴﭻ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺎز ورودي ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﻳﺠﺎد ﻧﺸﻮد ﺗﺎ‬
‫از ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ و اﺛﺮ ﮔﺬاري ﺑﺮ روي دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮاي‬
‫ ﻳﻜﻲ از‬، ‫ اﮔﺮ اﻳﻦ راﻫﻜﺎر اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬. ‫ورودي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد‬
. ‫روﺷﻬﺎي زﻳﺮ ﭘﺲ از ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ و ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
‫اﻟﻒ( اﮔﺮ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬
a) If rectangular, induced type cooling tower
is going to be selected, it shall be devided
into several cooling towers having less
length with significant air space in between.
Length to width ratio shall be about 5 to 1.
‫ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل ﻛﻤﺘﺮ و ﻓﻀﺎي‬،‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻃﻮل ﺑﻪ‬. ‫ﻫﻮاي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ در ﺑﻴﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
. ‫ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬1 ‫ ﺑﻪ‬5 ‫ﻋﺮض ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪود‬
‫ب( ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ داﻳﺮه ﻳﺎ ﻫﺸﺖ‬
b) The cooling tower shape shall be changed
from rectangular to circular or octagonal
one. It is notable that circular or octagonal
induced type cooling towers are more
sensitive to interference problem, therefore if
this shape is going to be selected provisions
to face with interference effect shall be
provided.
‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ذﻛﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬. ‫ﺿﻠﻌﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺶ اﺟﺒﺎري ﻫﺸﺖ ﺿﻠﻌﻲ و داﻳﺮه اي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ‬
،‫ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ اﮔﺮ ﻗﺼﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬، ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺘﺮﻧﺪ‬
. ‫اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺛﺮ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺪارك دﻳﺪه ﺷﻮد‬
c) Changing the height of cooling tower or
adopting natural or fan assisted natural
draught instead of induced type cooling
tower which causes decreasing the
recirculation rate due to discharging warm
air at higher levels.
‫ج( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ‬
d) In single flow rectangular mechanical
draught cooling towers, where there is only
one open area for air intake, the open area
shall be positioned broad side to the
prevailing wind direction.
‫د( در ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ ﺗﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﻮع‬
‫ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬
. ‫ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم در ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎز ﺑﺮاي ورودي ﻫﻮا وﺟﻮد‬
. ‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎز ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬، ‫دارد‬
‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا‬2-‫ج‬
C.2 Air Discharge Velocity
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا از ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
. ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
The velocity of air leaving the fans of induced
type cooling towers shall be optimized to
decrease the recirculation rate to the acceptable
amount.
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Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
This speed shall not increase excessively
because it needs either more input power or
longer fans stacks (cylinders).
‫اﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ زﻳﺎد از ﺣﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ آﻧﻜﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﻮان ورودي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ دودﻛﺶ ﻫﺎي )اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي( ﻓﻦ‬
.‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
C.3 Height and Spacing of Fans Stacks
(Cylinders)
‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺬاري دودﻛﺶ ﻫﺎ )اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي( ﻓﻦ‬3-‫ج‬
Longer fan stacks have lower recirculation. This
concept shall be considered as far as technically
and economically preferable in comparison with
other methods. suitable spacing shall be
provided between fans stacks to create less
restricted wind flow between them.
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ‬. ‫دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ ﺑﺎزﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻛﻤﺘﺮي دارد‬
‫ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻨﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ روش ﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ‬. ‫ﺑﺮﺗﺮي دارد در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫دودﻛﺶ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺪارك دﻳﺪه ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬
. ‫ﺑﻴﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﻮد‬
C.4 Density Difference Between Exit Air and
Ambient Air
‫ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ و ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬4-‫ج‬
The density difference between exit air and
ambient air shows the tendency for exit air to
come down and probably causing recirculation
in certain types of cooling towers depending on
the prevailing wind direction, location of the
cooling tower and other factors affecting
recirculation.
‫ﺗﻔﺎوت ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ و ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ آﻣﺪن و اﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻳﺠﺎد ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ در‬
‫ ﻣﻜﺎن‬، ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ اﻧﻮاع ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬
. ‫ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬، ‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
54
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
9
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫ﺿﻤﺎﻳﻢ‬
ATTACHMENTS
‫ اﻧﻮاع ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬-1
1. TYPES OF COOLING TOWERS
‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اراﺋﻪ‬، ‫ زﻳﺮ‬4-1 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬1-1 ‫ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺷﺮح اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬
‫ ﻧﻴﺰ‬BS 4485 ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬1988 ‫ ﺳﺎل‬3 ‫ از ﺑﺨﺶ‬4 ‫ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮوژه و‬
.‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رود‬
In addition to the description in Clauses 1.1 to
1.4 given below, the definition given in Clause
4 of BS 4485: Part 3:1988 also shall be used in
determining the types of cooling towers for a
definite project and location.
‫ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬1-1
1.1 Natural Draught Cooling Towers
‫در اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﺑﺎد‬
‫ دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ و‬،‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬،‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺮج و ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ‬. ‫داﺧﻠﻲ و ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد‬
. ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﻮع ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮع ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫در ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮع ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب و ﻫﻮا‬
‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮﻧﺪ در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
‫ ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎي‬.‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻫﻮا ﻋﻤﻮد ﺑﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب اﺳﺖ‬
‫ )اﻟﻒ( و )ب( ﺑﻪ‬1 ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ در ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
In these type of cooling towers the air flow rate
is dependent on natural wind forces, cooling
tower height, ambient air temperature and
restrictions made by the tower casing and shell
and the tower internal and external equipment.
This type of cooling tower can be either
counterflow or crossflow type. In counterflow
type coolers the air and water flow directions
are opposite to each other while in crossflow
type coolers the air direction is perpendicular to
water flow direction. Typical diagrams of these
types of coolers are shown in Figs. 1 (a) and (b)
respectively.
‫ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬2-1
1.2 Mechanical Draught Cooling Tower
1.2.1 Forced draught counterflow cooling
tower
‫ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران دﻣﺸﻲ‬1-2-1
In this type of cooling tower the air flow rate
depends upon the fans characteristics and tower
internal equipment. This type of cooling tower
shall not be used in places where there is a
freezing hazard, because of possibility of icing
on fan blades and consequently causing
unbalance of fan which shall be avoided. This
type of cooling tower in these areas shall be
used for indoor or enclosure installations with
ductwork for air intake (if necessary).
‫در اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻦ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬. ‫و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮج ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد‬
‫ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻳﺦ زدﮔﻲ‬، ‫در ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﺠﻤﺎد وﺟﻮد دارد‬
‫روي ﺗﻴﻐﻪ )ﭘﺮه( ﻫﺎي ﻓﻦ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮازن ﻓﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ‬. ‫از آن ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﻮد ؛ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺼﺐ در ﻓﻀﺎي ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﻘﻒ ﺑﺎ‬
.‫ورودي ﻫﻮا از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺎﻧﺎل )در ﺻﻮرت ﻟﺰوم( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬
Since normally centrifugal type fans are used in
this type of cooling towers, a higher static
pressure will be exerted by fan enabling to
intake air to the fan through suitable ducting
and minimizing the recirculation effect. Fig. 2
shows a typical arrangement of this type of
coolers.
‫از آﻧﺠﺎﺋﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮع ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ در اﻳﻦ‬
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر اﻳﺴﺘﺎﻳﻲ‬،‫ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻦ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ورود ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻓﻦ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
. ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﺎزي اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮح ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ را ﻧﺸﺎن‬2 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
. ‫ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ‬
1.2.2 Induce draught
counterflow cooling tower
‫ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ و ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﺎ‬2-2-1
crossflow
and
‫ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺸﻲ‬
The air flow in this type of cooling towers also
depends on fan characteristics and restrictions
made by cooling tower equipment.
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا در اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻦ و ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺮج‬
. ‫ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد‬
55
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
Fans shall be installed in the air flow stream
after tower internal equipment. Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6,
7(a) an (b) are typical arrangements of different
types of this type of cooling tower.
In circular and octagonal induced type of
cooling towers interference matter shall be
carefully reviewed to optimize it by taking
preventive actions.
1.3 Fan Assisted Natural Draught Cooling
Tower
This type of cooling tower is a combination of
natural and mechanical draught cooling towers.
It shall be properly designed and selected to
obtain the following advantages:
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات داﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮج ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ )اﻟﻒ( و )ب( ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬7 ‫ و‬6 ، 5 ، 4 ، 3 ‫ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎي‬. ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
. ‫از اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫در ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻜﺸﻲ داﻳﺮه اي و ﻫﺸﺖ ﺿﻠﻌﻲ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ دﻗﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺗﺨﺎذ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻴﺮاﻧﻪ‬
. ‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﻦ‬3-1
‫اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي زﻳﺮ‬.‫ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ و ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﺳﺖ‬
. ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮج ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮد‬
a) Lowest possible operation cost, because
the draught provided by stack height will be
achieved without any power input, therefore
operating cost will be lower. However the
cost evaluation and analysis of capital,
maintenance and operation costs, sometimes
prove that this type of cooling tower is the
most economical one.
‫ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻮران‬، ‫اﻟﻒ( ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع دودﻛﺶ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮان ورودي ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل‬.‫ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮاﺗﻲ و‬،‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ و آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ اي‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ اوﻗﺎت ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ‬
.‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺗﺮﻳﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
b) A properly designed cooling tower may
necessitate to use fans only when ambient
temperature is more than a limited value.
‫ب( ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺎ را ﻧﺎﮔﺰﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎ وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ از ﻳﻚ‬
. ‫ ﺑﻜﻨﺪ‬، ‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ‬
c) In places where plume shall be as low as
possible, this type of cooling tower may be a
solution. A typical arrangement of this type
of cooling tower is shown in Fig. 8.
‫ اﻳﻦ‬، ‫ج( در ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ دود ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻳﻚ‬. ‫ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻳﻚ راه ﺣﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻧﺸﺎن‬8 ‫ﻃﺮح ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در ﺷﻜﻞ‬
. ‫داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
1.4 Field Erected Cooling Towers
In this type of cooling towers the primary
construction activities take place at the site. All
big cooling towers, and many of the smaller
towers are prefabricated, piece marked and
shipped to the site for final assembly.
Supervision for final assembly is usually
provided by the Vendor, if requested by
purchaser. . See Fig. 10,11,12
‫ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺤﻞ‬4-1
‫در اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﺪه ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺰرگ و‬. ‫در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت‬،‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
.‫ﻋﻼﻣﺘﮕﺬاري ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه در ﺻﻮرت‬
‫ را‬12 ‫ و‬11 ، 10 ‫ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎي‬، ‫درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﺧﺮﻳﺪار ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
. ‫ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ‬
1.5 Factory Assembled Cooling Towers
‫ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬5-1
‫ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در ﻛﺎرﮔﺎه ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه‬
‫ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي‬، ‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ارﺳﺎل ﻛﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻬﺖ آﺳﺎن ﺳﺎزي ﺣﻤﻞ و ﻧﻘﻞ )در‬
In this type of cooling towers complete
assembly will be done at manufacturer’s shops,
but according to the shipment limitations,
‫ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز( ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺠﺪداً در ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ‬
‫ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ‬. ‫ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
. ‫ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﻳﺎ واﺣﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
towers will be separated to different parts for
easiness of shipment (if necessary), and then
assembled at site again. Factory assembled
towers are also known as packaged or unitary,
towers.
56
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‫)‪IPS-G-ME-160(2‬‬
‫ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا‬
‫اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎي آب‬
‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬
‫‪a) Counterflow type cooling tower‬‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس‬
‫ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا‬
‫ورود آب‬
‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬
‫‪b) Crossflow type cooling tower‬‬
‫ب( ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
‫‪Fig. 1‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪1‬‬
‫‪57‬‬
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‫ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا‬
‫اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻜﻬﺎي آب‬
‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬
‫ﺧﺮوج آب‬
‫‪Fig. 2-FORCED DRAUGHT COUNTERFLOW COOLING TOWER‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -2‬ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران دﻣﺸﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا‬
‫ورود آب‬
‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬
‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬
‫‪Fig. 3-INDUCED COUNTERFLOW TYPE COOLING TOWER‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -3‬ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﻣﻜﺸﻲ‬
‫‪58‬‬
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‫)‪IPS-G-ME-160(2‬‬
‫ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا‬
‫ورود آب‬
‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬
‫ﺧﺮوج آب‬
‫‪Fig. 4- INDUCED CROSSFLOW TYPE COOLING TOWER‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -4‬ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻜﺸﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا‬
‫ورود آب‬
‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬
‫ﺧﺮوج آب‬
‫‪Fig. 5- SINGLE FLOW INDUCED CROSSFLOW TYPE COOLING TOWER‬‬
‫‪AIR INTAKE IS FROM ONE SIDE ONLY‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -5‬ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﺗﻚ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ورود ﻫﻮا ﺗﻨﻬﺎ از ﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
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‫ﺧﺮوج ﻫﻮا‬
‫ورود آب‬
‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬
‫ورود ﻫﻮا‬
‫ﺧﺮوج آب‬
‫‪Fig. 6-DOUBLE FLOW INDUCED CROSSFLOW TYPE COOLING TOWER‬‬
‫‪AIR INTAKE IS FROM TWO SIDES‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -6‬ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ورود ﻫﻮا از دو ﻃﺮف ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬
‫‪a) Circular induced crossflow type cooling tower. Air intake is from all sides with the lowest‬‬
‫‪recirculation effect.‬‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻜﺸﻲ داﻳﺮه اي‪ ،‬ورود ﻫﻮا از ﺗﻤﺎم ﺟﻬﺎت ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
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IPS-G-ME-160(2)
‫ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬
‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
b) Octagonal induced counterflow type cooling tower. Air intake is from 8 sides with the lowest
recirculation effect.
‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎز ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد‬8 ‫ ورود ﻫﻮا از‬،‫ب( ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﻫﺸﺖ ﺿﻠﻌﻲ‬
Fig. 7
7 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻫﻮا‬
‫ورودي آب‬
‫ورودي ﻫﻮا‬
‫ﺧﺮوج ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
21
Fig. 8-FAN ASSISTED NATURAL DRAUGHT COOLING TOWER
‫ ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﻦ‬-8 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ اﺛﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﺳﻄﺢ درﻳﺎ‬-2
‫ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﺳﻄﺢ درﻳﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ در ﻓﺸﺎر ﻫﻮاي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺰان رﻃﻮﺑﺖ و ﺑﺮ‬
‫اﺛﺮ آن ﻣﻴﺰان اﻧﺘﺎﻟﭙﻲ ﻫﻮا ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ در ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺧﻨﻚ ﺳﺎزي‬
.‫ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ‬،‫ﺑﺮج ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
2. EFFECT OF ALTITUDE
Altitude has effect on design and selection of
cooling tower due to change in ambient air
pressure resulting change of moisture content
and hence, enthalpy value of air which causes
change in the cooling capacity of the cooling
tower.
61
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‫‪ -3‬ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب‬
‫‪OF‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب در ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎي ‪ 9‬ﺗﺎ ‪13‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Typical arrangements of water distribution‬‬
‫‪systems are shown in Figs. 9 to 13.‬‬
‫‪3. TYPICAL ARRANGEMENTS‬‬
‫‪WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS‬‬
‫ﻫﺪر ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻧﺎزل و ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭼﻜﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻂ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻔﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ اي‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻂ ﻣﺤﻮر ﺑﺮج‬
‫ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب‬
‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻮاﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎي ورودي‬
‫‪a) Crossflow lower‬‬
‫اﻟﻒ( درﻳﭽﻪ ﻛﺮﻛﺮه اي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
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‫ﺧﻂ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻓﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻜﻮي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻫﻤﺮاه‬
‫ﻫﺪرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻧﺎزﻟﻬﺎ و ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭼﻜﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺪر ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬
‫‪b) Counterflow lower‬‬
‫ب( درﻳﭽﻪ ﻛﺮﻛﺮه اي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس‬
‫‪Fig. 9-WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR INDUCED CROSS AND COUNTER FLOW TYPE‬‬
‫‪MECHANICAL DRAUGHT COOLING TOWER‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -9‬ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ آب ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎي ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ و ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮران ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻜﺸﻲ‬
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IPS-G-ME-160(2)
Fig. 10- SEVEN CELL TOWER WITH INDIVIDUAL SIDE RISERS
‫ ﺑﺮج ﻫﻔﺖ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪهﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ‬-10 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
Fig. 11
11 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
64
Oct 2009 / 1388 ‫آﺑﺎن‬
22
Fig. 12
12 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
65
IPS-G-ME-160(2)
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‫)‪IPS-G-ME-160(2‬‬
‫ﻫﺪرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭼﻜﻪاي‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻣﺮﻛﺰي‬
‫ﻫﺪر‬
‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه‬
‫‪Central riser, Radial feed‬‬
‫‪23‬‬
‫)‪a‬‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻧﺪه ﻣﺮﻛﺰي‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ورودي آب‬
‫ﺧﻮراك دﻫﻨﺪه ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺪر ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺪر ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ داده‬
‫ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺪر‬
‫ﺣﺬف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﭼﻜﻪاي‬
‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ‬
‫‪Circumferential riser, Radial feed‬‬
‫‪24‬‬
‫ب( ﻫﺪر ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫‪Fig. 13‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪13‬‬
‫‪66‬‬
‫)‪b‬‬