FOREWORD
The Iranian Petroleum Standards (IPS) reflect the
views of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum and
are intended for use in the oil and gas production
facilities,
oil
refineries,
chemical
and
petrochemical plants, gas handling and processing
installations and other such facilities.
IPS is based on internationally acceptable
standards and includes selections from the items
stipulated in the referenced standards. They are
also supplemented by additional requirements
and/or modifications based on the experience
acquired by the Iranian Petroleum Industry and
the local market availability. The options which
are not specified in the text of the standards are
itemized in data sheet/s, so that, the user can
select his appropriate preferences therein.
The IPS standards are therefore expected to be
sufficiently flexible so that the users can adapt
these standards to their requirements. However,
they may not cover every requirement of each
project. For such cases, an addendum to IPS
Standard shall be prepared by the user which
elaborates the particular requirements of the user.
This addendum together with the relevant IPS
shall form the job specification for the specific
project or work.
The IPS is reviewed and up-dated approximately
every five years. Each standards are subject to
amendment or withdrawal, if required, thus the
latest edition of IPS shall be applicable.
The users of IPS are therefore requested to send
their views and comments, including any
addendum prepared for particular cases to the
following address. These comments and
recommendations will be reviewed by the relevant
technical committee and in case of approval will
be incorporated in the next revision of the
standard.
Standards and Research department
No.19, Street14, North kheradmand
Karimkhan Avenue, Tehran, Iran .
Postal Code- 1585886851
Tel: 88810459-60 & 66153055
Fax: 88810462
Email: Standards@nioc.org
‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﺎر‬
‫( ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه دﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي‬IPS) ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
‫وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻔﺖ‬
،‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬،‫و ﮔﺎز‬
‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و ﻓﺮاورش ﮔﺎز و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬
.‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺑﻴﻦ‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺰﻳﺪهﻫﺎﻳﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎت ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻛﺸﻮر و‬.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاردي‬،‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻻ از ﺑﺎزار داﺧﻠﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻴﺎز‬
.‫ﺑﻄﻮر ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ اﺻﻼﺣﻲ در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻮاردي از ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ آورده ﻧﺸﺪه‬
‫اﺳﺖ در داده ﺑﺮگﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺷﻤﺎره ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
.‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﺪه‬،‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ‬
.‫اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪيﻫﺎي ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ را ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص‬.‫ﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪ‬.‫آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ آن ﭘﺮوژه و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎر‬،‫ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
.‫ﺧﺎص را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داد‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻫﺮ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎل ﻳﻜﺒﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار‬
‫ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و روزآﻣﺪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردي ﺣﺬف و ﻳﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﺑﻪ آن اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ‬
.‫ﻫﻤﻮاره آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎ و‬،‫از ﻛﺎرﺑﺮان اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات اﺻﻼﺣﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻟﺤﺎﻗﻴﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮارد‬
‫ ﻧﻈﺮات و‬.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ زﻳﺮ ارﺳﺎل ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺧﺎص ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدهاﻧﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ در ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و در‬
‫ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ در ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬
.‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻮﭼﻪ‬،‫ ﺧﺮدﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬،‫ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﻛﺮﻳﻤﺨﺎن زﻧﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮان‬،‫اﻳﺮان‬
19 ‫ ﺷﻤﺎره‬،‫ﭼﻬﺎردﻫﻢ‬
‫اداره ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ‬
1585886851 : ‫ﻛﺪﭘﺴﺘﻲ‬
66153055 ‫ و‬88810459 - 60 : ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬
021-88810462 : ‫دور ﻧﮕﺎر‬
:‫ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
Standards@nioc.org
:‫ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
GENERAL DEFINITIONS:
Throughout this Standard
definitions shall apply.
the
following
COMPANY:
Refers to one of the related and/or affiliated
companies of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum
such as National Iranian Oil Company, National
Iranian Gas Company, National Petrochemical
Company and National Iranian Oil Refinery And
Distribution Company.
PURCHASER:
Means the “Company" where this standard is a
part of direct purchaser order by the “Company”,
and the “Contractor” where this Standard is a part
of contract document
VENDOR AND SUPPLIER:
Refers to firm or person who will supply and/or
fabricate the equipment or material.
CONTRACTOR:
Refers to the persons, firm or company whose
tender has been accepted by the company.
EXECUTOR:
Executor is the party which carries out all or part
of construction and/or commissioning for the
project.
INSPECTOR:
The Inspector referred to in this Standard is a
person/persons or a body appointed in writing by
the company for the inspection of fabrication and
installation work
SHALL:
Is used where a provision is mandatory.
SHOULD:
Is used where a provision is advisory only.
WILL:
Is normally used in connection with the action by
the “Company” rather than by a contractor,
supplier or vendor.
MAY:
Is used where a provision is completely
discretionary.
.‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ زﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ رود‬
:‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ و ﻳﺎ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ‬
‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ‬،‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﮔﺎز اﻳﺮان‬،‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺘﺮوﺷﻴﻤﻲ و ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ و ﭘﺨﺶ ﻓﺮآوردهﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻧﻔﺘﻲ اﻃﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
:‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪار‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ "ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ" ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﺳﻔﺎرش‬
‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ آن "ﺷﺮﻛﺖ" ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪارك ﻗﺮارداد آن اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه و ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات و ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎي‬
.‫ﻣﻮرد ﻟﺰوم ﺻﻨﻌﺖ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
:‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎر‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدش‬،‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
.‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺼﻪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﻣﺠﺮي‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮي ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ اﻃﻼق ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي‬
.‫اﺟﺮاﺋﻲ و ﻳﺎ راه اﻧﺪازي ﭘﺮوژه را اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‬
:‫ﺑﺎزرس‬
‫ﮔﺮوه ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪاي اﻃﻼق‬/‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎزرس ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد‬
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﻧﺼﺐ‬،‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺒﺎً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزرﺳﻲ‬
.‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺟﺒﺎري اﺳﺖ‬
:‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬
.‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮورت اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
:‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﺟﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس‬
.‫ﻧﻈﺎرت ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
.‫ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎري ﻛﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن اﺧﺘﻴﺎري ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
ENGINEERING STANDARD
FOR
BUILDING HEATING SYSTEM
FIRST REVISION
JULY 2009
‫اﺳﺘـﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺑـﺮاي‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ اول‬
1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
This Standard is the property of Iranian Ministry of
Petroleum. All rights are reserved to the owner. Neither
whole nor any part of this document maybe disclosed to any
third party, reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior
written consent of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum.
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺣﻘﻮق آن ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ‬.‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ آن ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪون رﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﺘﺒﻲ وزارت ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬
،‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬،‫ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﺎزي‬،‫ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬،‫از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﻳﺎ روش دﻳﮕﺮي در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻓﺮاد ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
CONTENTS:
Page
No
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
: ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
1. SCOPE................................................................ 2
2 ...................................................... ‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
2. REFERENCES .................................................. 3
3 ............................................................................ ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
3. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY......... 4
4 ................................................ ‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و واژﮔﺎن‬-3
4.UNITS.................................................................. 5
5 ............................................................ ‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬-4
PART I BASIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS:
:‫ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬I ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
5. HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS .................... 6
10 ............................................ ‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬-5
6. TYPE OF HEATING SYSTEM....................... 12
12 ......................................... ‫ ﻧﻮع ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬-6
7. PIPE SIZING ..................................................... 16
16 .................................................. ‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬-7
PART II APPLIED EQUIPMENT:
:‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ‬II ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
8. BOILER SELECTION ..................................... 19
19 .....................................................‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب دﻳﮓ‬-8
9. BURNER SELECTION.................................... 20
20 ................................................... ‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺸﻌﻞ‬-9
10. FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK ....................... 20
20 ......................................... ‫ ﻣﺨﺰن ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬-10
11. EXPANSION TANK ....................................... 21
21 .................................................... ‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط‬-11
12. TERMINAL UNITS........................................ 22
22 ............................................ ‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬-12
13. BREECHING AND CHIMNEY .................... 26
26 ...................................... ‫ دودﻛﺶ و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ راﺑﻂ آن‬-13
14. HEAT EXCHANGER (CONVERTERS) ..... 27
27 ............................................ ‫ ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬-14
15. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS............................... 28
28 ............................................. ‫ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬-15
16. WATER TREATMENT ................................. 29
29 ....................................................... ‫ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب‬-16
PART III ATTACHMENTS:
:‫ ﻣﺪارك ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‬III ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
1
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬-1
1. SCOPE
‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
‫ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ و‬،‫ ﺑﺨﺎر‬،‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارت ﻣﺮﻛﺰي )آب‬
‫ ﻧﻮع و‬، ‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‬، ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬.(‫ﻏﻴﺮه‬
‫ )ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬.‫روش اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮه اﺳﺖ‬
IPS-E-AR-120 ‫ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮع ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
This Standard covers the minimum requirements
for design of central heating systems (water,
steam, electrical coil duct heater and etc.)
including calculation of heating load, piping
design, type and selection method for heating
equipment, etc. (For building air conditioning
systems reference is made to IPS-E-AR-120).
:1 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 1:
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ‬1380 ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در دي ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و روز آﻣﺪ ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻮارد ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬
.‫ اﺑﻼغ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬135 ‫ ﻃﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬1 ‫اﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
This standard specification is reviewed and
updated by the relevant technical committee on
Jan. 2001, as amendment No. 1 by circular No.
135.
:2 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 2:
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ‬1384 ‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد در اردﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و روز آﻣﺪ ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻮارد ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬
.‫ اﺑﻼغ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬269 ‫ ﻃﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬2 ‫اﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
This standard specification is reviewed and
updated by the relevant technical committee on
May 2005, as amendment No. 2 by circular No.
269.
:3 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 3:
‫ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻓﻮق‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد دو زﺑﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬1388 ‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺗﻴﺮ ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل‬
‫ از اﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ‬.‫( اراﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‬1) ‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
.‫( اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻨﺴﻮخ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬0) ‫وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬
This bilingual standard is a revised version of the
standard specification by the relevant technical
committee on July 2009 which is issued as
revision (1) Revision (0) of the said standard
specification is withdrawn.
:4 ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note 4:
‫ ﻣﺘﻦ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬،‫در ﺻﻮرت اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ و اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﻼك ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
In case of conflict between Farsi and English
languages, English language shall govern.
2
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-2
2. REFERENCES
‫در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ آﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار و‬
‫ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪي ﻛﻪ در‬،‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬.‫ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ زﻳﺮ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از اﻳﻦ‬،‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ‬
‫ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬،‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دار‬.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻼك ﺑﻮده و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮاﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ در‬
‫ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎرﻓﺮﻣﺎ و ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪه ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬،‫آﻧﻬﺎ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬،‫ در ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬.‫اﺟﺮا ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫اﻧﻀﻤﺎم ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﺻﻼﺣﺎت و ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎي آن ﻣﻼك ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
Throughout this Standard the following dated and
undated standards/codes are referred to. These
referenced documents shall, to the extent specified
herein, form a part of this standard. For dated
references, the edition cited applies. The
applicability of changes in dated references that
occur after the cited date shall be mutually agreed
upon by the Company and the Vendor. For
undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced documents (including any supplements
and amendments) applies.
ASME
(‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ASME
(AMERICAN
SOCIETY
OF
MECHANICAL ENGINEERS)
"‫ "دﻳﮓ و ﻣﺨﺎزن ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬ASME Section VIII
ASME Section VIII "Boiler and Pressure
Vessels Codes"
ASHRAE
‫ )اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ و‬ASHRAE
(AMERICAN SOCIETY OF
HEATING, REFRIGERATING
AIR-CONDITIONING
&
ENGINEERS)
(‫ﺑﺮودﺗﻲ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬
"33 ‫ و‬25 ‫ ﻓﺼﻮل‬، ‫ "ﺟﻠﺪ اﺻﻮل‬ASHRAE 2005
ASHRAE 2005 "ASHRAE
Hand
BookFundamentals Chapters 25,33"
ASHRAE 2004 "ASHRAE Hand Book HVAC
System
and
Equipment
Chapter 23 , 27 and 28"
"28 ‫ و‬27 ،23 ‫ ﻓﺼﻞ‬، ‫ "ﺟﻠﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬ASHRAE 2004
"‫ "ﺟﻠﺪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ و ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬ASHRAE 2007
ASHRAE 2007 "ASHRAE Hand Book-HVAC
System and Application"
(‫ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﻳﺮان‬IPS
IPS (IRANIAN PETROLEUM STANDARDS)
"Engineering Standard for
Building
Air Conditioning
Systems"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي‬IPS-E-AR-120
"‫ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮع ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
IPS-M-AR-225 "Material and Equipment
Standard
for
General
HVAC&R Equipment"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻛﺎﻻ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬IPS-M-AR-225
"‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ و ﺑﺮودﺗﻲ‬
IPS-E-AR-120
for
"‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮاي واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬IPS-E-GN-100
IPS-G-ME-220 "Engineering and Material
Standard for Shell & Tube
Heat Exchangers"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ و ﻛﺎﻻ ﺑﺮاي‬IPS-G-ME-220
"‫ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
IPS-M-PM-115 "Material and Equipment
Standard
for
Centrifugal
Pumps for General Services"
‫ "اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻛﺎﻻ و ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎي‬IPS-M-PM-115
"‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
IPS-E-GN-100 "Engineering
Units"
Standard
3
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ و واژﮔﺎن‬-3
3. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬1-3
3.1 Closed System
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺎل در آن ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺑﺴﺘﻪ و ﺗﺤﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﺟﻮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ ارﺗﺒﺎط آن ﺑﺎ اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﻗﻄﻊ‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
A heating piping system in which circulating
media is complete closed, under pressure above
atmosphere, and shut off from the atmosphere.
‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل دﻫﻨﺪه ﮔﺮﻣﺎ‬2-3
3.2 Convector
‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺎل اﻃﺮاف ﺑﻪ روش‬
.‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
A surface designed to transfer heat to a
surrounding fluid largely or wholly by convection.
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي‬3-3
3.3 District Heating
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﻪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
.‫دو ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
A heating system that serves two or more building
with one central heating system.
‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط‬4-3
3.4 Expansion Tank
‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﭘﺮ از آب ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ آﺑﻲ ﻗﺮار دارد‬
‫و ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮر ﻛﺎﻫﺶ آب ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﺒﺴﺎط و ﻳﺎ اﻧﻘﺒﺎض آب ﻣﻮرد‬
.‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد‬
A partially filled tank at the top of a water heating
system that compensates for the thermal
expansion and contraction of water.
‫ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬5-3
3.5 Heating Load
‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺒﺮان ﺣﺮارت ﺗﻠﻒ ﺷﺪه در ﻓﻀﺎي‬
.‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ‬
The heating rate required to replace heat loss from
the space being controlled.
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬6-3
3.6 Heating System
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺣﺮارت را از ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ و از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﺮم ﺷﻮد ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
A system that transfers heat from a source,
through a distribution network to spaces to be
warmed.
(‫ ﻫﻴﺪروﻧﻴﻚ )ﺳﻴﺎل‬7-3
3.7 Hydronics
.‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺎل ﻫﺎ را ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‬
The science of heating and cooling with fluids.
‫ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا‬8-3
3.8 Infiltration
‫ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا از ﻣﻴﺎن درزﻫﺎي ﻗﺎب درب ﻫﺎ و ﭘﻨﺠﺮه ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ‬
.‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن را ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‬
Air leaking into the building through small cracks
around sash and doors.
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اي‬9-3
3.9 One-Pipe System
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ در آن ﺑﺨﺎر ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ آﺑﮕﺮم ﻛﺸﻴﺪه‬
‫ﺷﺪه از دﻳﮓ ﺑﺼﻮرت آب ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ آب ﺳﺮد ﻛﻪ از دورﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬
. ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ داده ﺷﺪه ﻣﺠﺪداً وارد ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻴﮕﺮدد‬
A piping system in which the condensable vapor
or hot water withdrawn from the boiler and
returned as condensate or cold water from the
farthest unit to the same supply main.
‫ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬10-3
3.10 Pressure Drop
1) Pipe flow loss (as from one end of a line to
the other) from friction, heat, etc.
( ‫( اﺗﻼف ﺟﺮﻳﺎن در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )از ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺮ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬1
2) Minor pressure losses across elements of
piping system such as valves, bends, joints,
etc.
‫( اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﺰﻳﻲ در اﺛﺮ ﻋﺒﻮر ﺳﻴﺎل از اﺟﺰاء ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ‬2
. ‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﺻﻄﻜﺎك ﻳﺎ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت و ﻏﻴﺮه‬، ‫ ﺧﻢﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
4
‫)‪IPS-E-AR-100(1‬‬
‫ﺗﻴﺮ ‪Jul. 2009 / 1388‬‬
‫‪ 11-3‬ﺗﻠﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
‫‪3.11 Steam Trap‬‬
‫وﺳﻴﻠﻪاي ﻛﻪ اﺟﺎزه ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ از آن ﻋﺒﻮر ﻛﻨﺪ وﻟﻲ از‬
‫ﻋﺒﻮر ﺑﺨﺎر ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻋﺒﻮر ﻫﻮا و ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ را‬
‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪A device that allows the passage of condensate‬‬
‫‪and prevents the passage of steam, or that which‬‬
‫‪allows the passage of air as well as condensate.‬‬
‫‪ 12-3‬ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ دو ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اي‬
‫‪3.12 Two-Pipe System‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ در آن ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪A piping system in which one pipe is used for‬‬
‫‪supply of the heating medium to the heating unit,‬‬
‫‪and another for the return of the heating medium‬‬
‫‪to the supply main.‬‬
‫‪ 13-3‬ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب‬
‫‪3.13 Water Treatment‬‬
‫ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪي ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﻲ ﻫﺎي آب را ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪A process that removes impurities from water.‬‬
‫‪ 14-3‬اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
‫‪3.14 Heat Loss‬‬
‫اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻒ‪ ،‬درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺎرج و درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮارت زﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫‪Heat loss should be calculated in the usual‬‬
‫‪manner, based on the proper wall and floor‬‬
‫‪coefficients and the outdoor air and ground‬‬
‫‪temperature.‬‬
‫‪ 15-3‬روز – درﺟﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫)‪3.15 Heating Degree Days (HDD‬‬
‫در ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ واﺣﺪي اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺧﺘﻼف دﻣﺎ و‬
‫زﻣﺎن در ﺑﺮآورد اﻧﺮژي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز در ﻫﺮ روز ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ دﻣﺎي‬
‫ﻫﻮا از ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺒﺪاء )ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ‪ 18/3‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﻣﻌﺎدل‬
‫‪ 65‬درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﻛﻢ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬روز – درﺟﻪ در آن روز ﺟﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد درﺟﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮا از ﻋﺪد ﻣﺒﺪاء ﻛﻢﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫روز – درﺟﻪ در ﺳﺎل ﺟﻤﻊ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻳﻦ درﺟﻪﻫﺎ در روزﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺳﺎل اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪Sum of the degree days for heating, using a‬‬
‫‪common base of 65°F (18/3°C in condda), is used‬‬
‫‪with other factors to evaluate the energy‬‬
‫‪requirements of a heating season.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫‪4. UNITS‬‬
‫اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ واﺣﺪﻫﺎ )‪ ،(SI‬ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ‪ IPS-E-GN-100‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ آﻧﻜﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪ دﻳﮕﺮي اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪This standard is based on International System of‬‬
‫‪Units (SI), as per IPS-E-GN-100 except where‬‬
‫‪otherwise specified.‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
PART I
I ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
BASIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
‫ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬-5
5. HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ را ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
: ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
Designers shall determine the following
requirements for calculation heating loads :
5.1 Building Heat Load
‫ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬1-5
5.1.1 Design conditions
‫ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬1-1-5
a) Winter climate data for outdoor conditions
can be found from records of the weather
organization as indicated in Attachment 1.
‫اﻟﻒ( اﻃﻼﻋﺎت آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﻓﺼﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬
b) The indoor design temperature shall be
selected for each room to be heated during the
coldest weather. Optimum dry bulb temperature
for comfort at the breathing line (1.5 meter
above the floor) can be selected from the
recommended figures in Attachment 2.
‫ب( دﻣﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺎرج را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان از ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر اﺧﺬ‬
1 ‫ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺷﻤﺎره‬.‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬
.‫درج ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫اﺗﺎق ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺳﺮد ﺗﺮﻳﻦ دﻣﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ ﻓﺼﻞ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬2 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﻛﻒ( ﻛﻪ از ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره‬1/5) ‫ﺷﻮد‬
. ‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻛﺮد‬
‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت‬2-1-5
5.1.2 Heat transfer coefficient
The heat transfer coefficient (U values) for each
area, relating to type of construction shall be
determined. With attic area above the room, the
roof structure and ceiling of the top floor must be
taken into consideration and the combined
coefficient for the top floor ceiling shall be as
follows:
(Eq. 1)
Ucr =
‫( در ﺑﺎمﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﺐدار‬U) ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺎزه ﺳﻘﻒ اﺗﺎق )ﻛﺎذب( و ﺳﻘﻒ اﺻﻠﻲ )ﺷﻴﺐدار( ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد و ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻘﻒ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬
.‫ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮار ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
U R UC
U
UR  C
r
A
Where: r = r
Ac
( 1 ‫) ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
r=
Ar
: ‫ﻛﻪ‬
Ac
،(‫ = ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت ﺳﻘﻒ )ﺷﻴﺮواﻧﻲ‬UR
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮت‬
(‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
،(‫ = ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت ﺳﻘﻒ )ﻛﺎذب‬UC
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮت‬
(‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
،‫ = ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ‬Ucr
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮت‬
(‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫ = ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺷﻴﺮواﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬r
UR = heat transfer coefficient of the roof,
W/M2 0C (BTU/ft2 0F)
UC = heat transfer coefficient of the ceiling,
W/M2 0C (BTU/ft2 0F)
Ucr = combined heat transfer coefficient,
W/M2 0C (BTU/ft2 0F).
r = square meter m2 (ft2) of roof area in attic (Ar)
6
‫ﺗﻴﺮ ‪Jul. 2009 / 1388‬‬
‫)‪IPS-E-AR-100(1‬‬
‫‪divided by the square meter (ft2) ceiling area‬‬
‫‪on top floor (Ac).‬‬
‫)‪ (Ar‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻘﻒ زﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ )‪(Ac‬‬
‫‪ 3-1-5‬دﻣﺎي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻧﺸﺪه‬
‫‪5.1.3 Unheated space temperatures‬‬
‫اﮔﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح اﺗﺎق ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻧﺸﺪه ﻣﺠﺎور ﺑﻪ اﺗﺎق ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪه و ﺳﻄﻮﺣﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻓﻀﺎي ﺧﺎرج ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻳﻜﺴﺎن ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻣﺴﺎوي‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻓﻀﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻧﺸﺪه را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫دﻣﺎي داﺧﻠﻲ و دﻣﺎي ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻓﺮض ﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪If the respective surface areas of unheated room‬‬
‫‪adjacent to the heated room and those exposed to‬‬
‫‪the outside are approximately the same, and if‬‬
‫‪coefficient of transmission is approximately‬‬
‫‪equal, the unheated space temperature maybe‬‬
‫‪assumed to be the mean of indoor and outdoor‬‬
‫‪design temperature.‬‬
‫اﮔﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح و ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺎوي ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪If surface areas and coefficients are unequal, the‬‬
‫‪unheated space temperature shall be calculated as‬‬
‫‪follows:‬‬
‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ‪(2‬‬
‫)‪t (A U  A U  A U  etc.)  t (K V  A U  A U  A Uc  etc.‬‬
‫)‪(A U  A U  A U  etc.)  (K V  A U  A U  A U  etc.‬‬
‫‪c‬‬
‫‪c‬‬
‫‪c‬‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫‪c‬‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪u‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫)‪(Eq. 2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪Where:‬‬
‫‪ 1200 = K‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻛﺎﻟﺮي ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )ﻳﺎ‬
‫‪ 0/018‬ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻮاي‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‪.‬‬
‫‪ = tu‬درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻓﻀﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫)درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬
‫‪K = 1200 KCal/m2 °C or 0.018 BTU/FT2 °F for‬‬
‫‪standard air.‬‬
‫‪tu = temperature in unheated space, °C (°F).‬‬
‫‪ = ti‬درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت داﺧﻠﻲ ﻓﻀﺎي ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪه ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬
‫‪ti = indoor design temperature of heated room, °C‬‬
‫‪(°F).‬‬
‫‪ = to‬درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫)درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬
‫‪ A1, A2, A3‬و ﻏﻴﺮه = ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻧﺸﺪه‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎور ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻀﺎي ﮔﺮم ﺷﺪه‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ(‬
‫‪ Aa, Ab, Ac‬و ﻏﻴﺮه = ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻧﺸﺪه‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎور ﺳﻄﻮح ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ(‬
‫‪U1, U2, U3 etc‬و ﻏﻴﺮه = وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘـــﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺳــــﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫)ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬
‫‪ UA, UB, UC‬و ﻏﻴﺮه = ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘـﺎل ﺣـﺮارت ﺑـﺮاي ﺳـﻄﻮح‬
‫‪ Aa, Ab, Ac‬و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕــــﺮاد‬
‫)ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬
‫‪to = outdoor design temperature, °C (°F).‬‬
‫‪A1, A2 , A3, etc. = areas of unheated space adjacent‬‬
‫‪to heated space, m2 (ft2).‬‬
‫‪Aa, Ab, Ac, etc. = areas of surface of unheated‬‬
‫‪space adjacent to outdoor,‬‬
‫‪m2 (ft2).‬‬
‫)‪U1, U2, U3 etc. = W/m2 °C (BTU/ft2 °F‬‬
‫‪UA, UB, UC, etc. = heat transfer coefficients of‬‬
‫‪surfaces of Aa, Ab, Ac, etc.,‬‬
‫‪w/m2 °C (BTU/ft2 oF).‬‬
‫‪ = Vo‬ﻣﻘﺪار ﻫﻮاي وارد ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻧﺸﺪه از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﻔﻮذ‬
‫ﻫﻮا ﺑﺪاﺧﻞ و ﻳﺎ ﻫﻮاي ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬
‫‪Vo = rate of introduction of air into the unheated‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
(‫)ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
space by infiltration or ventilation, l/s (cfh).
5.1.4 Transmission heat loss
‫ اﺗﻼف اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت‬4-1-5
Where floors are directly on the ground, the
ground temperature is assumed 40 °C above
outside temperature. The heat losses by
conduction and convection including heat losses
through walls, ceilings, partitions, glass, doors
and floor above ground shall be calculated as
follows:
(Eq. 3)
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻒ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ روي زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ دﻣﺎي‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺧﺎرج ﻓﺮض‬40 ‫زﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ و ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺗﻼف‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ درب ﻫﺎ و ﻛﻒ‬،‫ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ﺣﺮارت دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻻي زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
Q = AU (ti – to )
( 3 ‫) ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
: ‫ﻛﻪ‬
Where:
Q = heat transfer through the wall, roof, ceiling,
floor or glass, watts (Btu/h).
‫ ﺳﻘﻒ‬،‫ ﺳﻘﻒ‬،‫ = ﻣﻘﺪار اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬Q
‫ ﻛﻒ و ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات )ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ‬،‫ﻛﺎذب‬
.(‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
A = area of wall, glass, roof, ceiling, roof or other
exposed area, m2 (ft2).
‫ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻛﺎذب ﻳﺎ ﺳﻄﻮح‬،‫ ﺑﺎم‬،‫ = ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ دﻳﻮار ﺷﻴﺸﻪﻫﺎ‬A
(‫ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬.‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎرج ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
U = air-to-air heat transfer coefficient, w/ m2 °C
(see
chapter
25,
ASHRAE
2005
Fundamentals volume).
‫ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬،‫ = ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮا‬U
25 ‫ ﻓﺼﻞ‬ASHRAE 2005 ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﺪ اﺻﻮل‬
.(‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
ti = inside air temperature near surface involved,
°C (°F).
‫ ﺑﺮ‬،‫ = درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻫﻮاي داﺧﻞ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ‬ti
.(‫ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
to = outdoor air temperature or temperature of
adjacent (partition) unheated space, °C (°F).
‫ = درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺎرج ﻳﺎ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻓﻀﺎي ﮔﺮم‬to
‫ ﻣﺠﺎور ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )درﺟﻪ‬،‫ﻧﺸﺪه‬
(‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
5.1.5 Basement heat loss
‫ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ در زﻳﺮ زﻣﻴﻦ‬5-1-5
Heat loss through windows and walls above grade
shall be based on outdoor temperature and proper
air-to-air transfer coefficients. Heat loss through
basement walls below grade line shall be based on
the floor and wall coefficients for surfaces in
contact with the soil. The heat loss for below
grade basement walls and floors are given in
Tables 1 and 2.
‫اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ از ﭘﻨﺠﺮه ﻫﺎ و دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از زﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ‬
‫اﺳﺎس درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺎرج و ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ در دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ‬.‫ﺣﺮارت ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻛﻒ و دﻳﻮار در ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارت ﺑﺮاي دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ زﻣﻴﻦ و ﻛﻒ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ از‬
.‫ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬2‫و‬1 ‫زﻣﻴﻦ در ﺟﺪول‬
8
‫ﺗﻴﺮ ‪Jul. 2009 / 1388‬‬
‫)‪IPS-E-AR-100(1‬‬
‫‪TABLE 1- HEAT LOSS BELOW GRADE IN BASEMENT WALLS‬‬
‫ﺟﺪول ‪ -1‬اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ در دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ‪Heat loss,Btu/h.ft2.°F‬‬
‫‪Path‬‬
‫‪Length‬‬
‫‪Uninsulated‬‬
‫*‬
‫‪R = 12.5‬‬
‫‪R = 4.17‬‬
‫‪R = 8.34‬‬
‫‪Depth‬‬
‫‪Through‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬
‫‪Soil, ft‬‬
‫ﺑﺪون ﻋﺎﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻃﻮل ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮت‬
‫‪0.067‬‬
‫‪0.059‬‬
‫‪0.053‬‬
‫‪0.048‬‬
‫‪0.044‬‬
‫‪0.040‬‬
‫‪0.037‬‬
‫‪0.126‬‬
‫‪0.179‬‬
‫‪0.227‬‬
‫‪0.271‬‬
‫‪0.311‬‬
‫‪0.348‬‬
‫‪0.93‬‬
‫‪0.079‬‬
‫‪0.068‬‬
‫‪0.060‬‬
‫‪0.053‬‬
‫‪0.048‬‬
‫‪0.044‬‬
‫‪0.172‬‬
‫‪0.240‬‬
‫‪0.300‬‬
‫‪0.353‬‬
‫‪0.401‬‬
‫‪0.445‬‬
‫‪0.286‬‬
‫‪0.362‬‬
‫‪0.441‬‬
‫‪0.510‬‬
‫‪0.570‬‬
‫‪0.624‬‬
‫‪0.152‬‬
‫‪0.116‬‬
‫‪0.094‬‬
‫‪0.079‬‬
‫‪0.069‬‬
‫‪0.060‬‬
‫‪0.054‬‬
‫‪0.632‬‬
‫‪0.787‬‬
‫‪0.906‬‬
‫‪1.002‬‬
‫‪1.081‬‬
‫‪1.150‬‬
‫‪0.410‬‬
‫‪0.222‬‬
‫‪0.155‬‬
‫‪0.119‬‬
‫‪0.096‬‬
‫‪0.079‬‬
‫‪0.069‬‬
‫‪0-1‬‬
‫‪1-2‬‬
‫‪2-3‬‬
‫‪3-4‬‬
‫‪4-5‬‬
‫‪5-6‬‬
‫‪6-7‬‬
‫‪0.68‬‬
‫‪2.27‬‬
‫‪3.88‬‬
‫‪5.52‬‬
‫‪7.05‬‬
‫‪8.65‬‬
‫‪10.28‬‬
‫‪R = Thermal Resistance ft2.hr. °F / Btu.in = m°C / W‬‬
‫*‬
‫*‪ = R‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ در اﻳﻨﭻ )ﻣﺘﺮ در درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﺮ وات(‬
‫‪TABLE 2- HEAT LOSS THROUGH BASEMENT FLOORS Btu/h. ft2. °F‬‬
‫ﺟﺪول ‪ -2‬اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ در ﻛﻒ زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺮض ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﻮت ‪Shortest Width of House, ft‬‬
‫‪Depth of Foundation‬‬
‫‪Wall Below Grade‬‬
‫‪32‬‬
‫‪28‬‬
‫‪24‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻖ دﻳﻮار ﭘﻲ در ﻃﺒﻘﻪ زﻳﺮ‬
‫‪0.023‬‬
‫‪0.026‬‬
‫‪0.029‬‬
‫‪0.032‬‬
‫‪5 ft‬‬
‫‪0.022‬‬
‫‪0.025‬‬
‫‪0.027‬‬
‫‪0.030‬‬
‫‪6 ft‬‬
‫‪0.021‬‬
‫‪0.023‬‬
‫‪0.026‬‬
‫‪0.029‬‬
‫‪7 ft‬‬
‫‪ 6-1-5‬اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ در ﺳﻨﮓ ﻓﺮش ﻫﺎي ﻛﻒ‬
‫‪5.1.6 Heat loss through floor slabs‬‬
‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت در ﺳﻨﮓ ﻓﺮشﻫﺎي ﻛﻒ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬
‫زﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد‪:‬‬
‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ‪(4‬‬
‫‪Heat transmission from floor slabs can be‬‬
‫‪calculated by the following equation:‬‬
‫)‪Q = F2 P (ti – to‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(Eq. 4‬‬
‫‪Where:‬‬
‫‪ =Q‬اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارت از ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮن ﻛﻒ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات‬
‫)ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ(‬
‫‪Q = Heat loss through the perimeter of floor,‬‬
‫)‪W(Btu/h‬‬
‫‪ = F2‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارت ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻛﻒ )ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫‪ 25‬ﺟﺪول ‪ ASHRAE ، 2005، 5‬ﺟﻠﺪ اﺻﻮل‬
‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ = P‬ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮن ﻳﺎ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻛﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ )ﻓﻮت(‬
‫‪F2 = Heat loss coefficient, of perimeter, w/m2 °C‬‬
‫‪per m (Btu/h °F per ft2) (see chapter 25 Table‬‬
‫‪5 of ASHRAE 2005 Fundamentals Volume).‬‬
‫)‪P = Perimeter or exposed edge of floor, m(ft‬‬
‫‪ = ti‬درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت داﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫)درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬
‫‪ = to‬درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺧﺎرج‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫)درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬
‫)‪ti = Indoor temperature, °C(°F‬‬
‫)‪to = Outdoor temperature, °C (°F‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارت ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا‬7-1-5
5.1.7 Heat loss by infiltration
Infiltration heat loss can be calculated by crack
method or air change method.
‫اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ روش درز ﻳﺎ‬
.‫روش ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻫﻮا ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﺮد‬
5.1.7.1 In crack method the air leakage heat loss is
determined as follows:
‫ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارت ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻧﺸﺖ ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ‬،‫ در روش درز‬1-7-1-5
(Eq. 5A)
:‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ‬
Qs = 1200 Q1 (ti -to)
(‫ اﻟﻒ‬5 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
or
(Eq. 5B)
(SI)
Qs = 0.018 Q1 (ti - to)
(‫ ب‬5 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
Q1 = Cr.AU
Where:
: ‫ﻛﻪ‬
Qs = W (BTU/hr)
‫ = اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارت ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات )ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ‬Qs
(‫ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
Q1= Air flow rate
‫ = دﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻫﻮا ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ )ﻓﻮت‬Q1
(‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬
Cr = effectiveness of opening
‫ = ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺎز ﺷﻮ‬Cr
2
2
A = Free area of inlet opening m (ft )
(‫ = ﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﺒﻮر آزاد ﻫﻮا ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬A
U = Wind speed m/s (ft/s)
(‫ = ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ )ﻓﻮت ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬U
‫ و ﺑﺎدﻫﺎي‬0/6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬0/5 ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎدﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮدي ﺑﻴﻦ‬Cr )
( .‫ ﻓﺮض ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬0/35 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬0/25 ‫ﻣﻮرب‬
- (Cr is assumed to be 0.5 to 0.6 for
perpendicular winds and 0.25 to 0.35 for
Diagonal winds )
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻫﻮا ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬2-7-1-5
5.1.7.2 To calculate infiltration by the air change
method, following formula can be used:
(Eq. 6)
-
.‫زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬
Qs = 1.2 × n × v × (ti – to)
(6 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
:‫ﻛﻪ‬
Where:
‫ = ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻫﻮا در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬n
n = number of air changes per second.
(‫ = ﺣﺠﻢ اﻃﺎق ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬v
v = volume of room, m3(ft3)
‫ را ﺑﺮاي اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬6 ‫ و‬5 ‫ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت‬QS ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار‬
.‫ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮد‬
The greatest value of QS between equations (5)
and (6) shall be selected as the infiltration heat
loss.
‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬8-1-5
5.1.8 Total heat load
‫ ﺑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت‬، ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
،‫ ﺳﻘﻒ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﺎم‬،‫از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻊ ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪي ﺑﻪ دﻳﻮارﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﺷﻴﺸﻪﻫﺎ و ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ را ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﺑﺮآورد ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬،‫ﺗﻴﻐﻪﻫﺎ‬
.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬3 ‫ﻧﻤﻮد ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
The calculated heat load through transmission and
solar load from walls, ceiling, roof, partition, glass
and through infiltration into space (outside air)
shall be entered in a heat loss estimating sheet.
Referenced as a sample in Attachment 3.
10
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫ داراي ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬،‫در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮر داﺋﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ‬
‫ ﭼﺮاﻏﻬﺎي ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ اﺟﺎق ﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻛﺴﺮ ﺷﻮد‬
In building with permanent or steady internal heat
source of considerable size such as ovens,
intensive lighting, etc. an equivalent amount of
heat should be reduced from calculated total
heating load.
‫ ﺑﺎر آب ﮔﺮم ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ‬2-5
5.2 Domestic Hot Water Load
:‫ آﺑﮕﺮﻣﻜﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دو دﺳﺘﻪ ذﻳﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬1-2-5
5.2.1 Domestic water heaters are divided into the
two following classes:
1) Those which heat the water by direct
application of heat such as gas water heater
and small boilers.
‫( آﺑﮕﺮﻣﻜﻦﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ آب ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺮارت ﮔﺮم‬1
2) Those which transfer heat from water or
steam in the heating boiler to the domestic
water. This is termed as indirect water
heating and can be accomplished by any of
the following:
‫( آﺑﮕﺮﻣﻜﻦ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ آب ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آب ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر دﻳﮓ‬2
.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آﺑﮕﺮﻣﻜﻦﻫﺎي ﮔﺎزي و دﻳﮓﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع آﺑﮕﺮﻣﻜﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻧﺎم دارﻧﺪ و‬.‫ﮔﺮم ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
:‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
a) Double shell storage tank (preferred
system). These are suitable for residential
and commercial application.
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ذﺧﻴﺮه دو ﺟﺪاره )ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ دارد( اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع‬
b) Instantaneous storage tank with
submerged coil. These are suitable for high
demand factor and industrial application.
(‫ب( ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﻟﺤﻈﻪاي ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ )ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺎرﭘﻴﭽﻲ‬
c) Shell and tube heat exchangers, also
called thankless heaters. These are suitable
for various applications and are generally
horizontal in construction.
‫ج( ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪاي ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ و ﺗﺠﺎري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺼﺎرف زﻳﺎد و ﻳﺎ‬،‫ﻏﻮﻃﻪور در آن‬
.‫ﻣﺼﺎرف ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ‬.‫ﮔﺮﻣﻜﻦﻫﺎي ﺑﺪون ﻣﺨﺰن ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪه ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻮع ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻄﻮر اﻓﻘﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ آب ﮔﺮم ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺪار ﻣﺠﺰا از ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬2-2-5
5.2.2 The heat requirement for the domestic hot
water which is in separate circuit from the space
heating water shall be evaluated and added to the
building heating load. The required heat for
consumed hot water may be estimated by the
following formula:
(Eq. 7A)
Q=
‫ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻼً ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺣﺮارت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي آب ﮔﺮم ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ‬.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
:‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل زﻳﺮ ﺑﺮآورد ﮔﺮدد‬
4.2H( t 2  t)
1
n
(‫ اﻟﻒ‬7 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
OR
(Eq. 7b) (SI)
Q=
1H(t 2  t1)
n
(‫ ب‬7 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
:‫ﻛﻪ‬
Where:
‫ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات )ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ‬،‫ = ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬Q
(‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
Q = required heat load, kW (Btu/h)
11
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
.(‫ = ﻣﻘﺪار آب ﮔﺮم ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ )ﮔﺎﻟﻦ‬H
H = hot water demand, liters (gallons)
t2 = hot water temperature, °C (°F)
(‫ = درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت آﺑﮕﺮم ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬t2
t1 = city water temperature, °C (°F)
‫ = درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت آب ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )درﺟﻪ‬t1
(‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
n = the required time for water heating, (normally
between 3-4 hours)
4 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬3 ‫ = زﻣﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮم ﻛﺮدن آب )ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻴﻦ‬n
(‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫آب ﮔﺮم ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
.‫ﻣﺼﺮف ﻫﺮ ﻓﺮد ﺑﺮآورد ﻧﻤﻮد‬
The demand of domestic hot water can be
estimated by using the maximum consumption per
occupant.
‫ ﻧﻮع ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬-6
6. TYPE OF HEATING SYSTEM
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬1-6
6.1 In-Space Heating Equipment
6.1.1 In-space heating equipment contrary to
central heating does not need ducts or piping to
convey heat from the source to the room that is to
be heated. Gravity type models (fossil-fueled) do
not require electrical connection, the circulation
from the heat source to the room is provided by
natural convection.
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ ﮔﺮم‬1-1-6
6.1.2 In-space heating equipment can be classified
as follows:
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه در داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ‬2-1-6
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫ ﻧﻮع‬.‫ﺣﺮارت از ﻳﻚ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺗﺎﻗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﺮم ﺷﻮد ﻧﺪارد‬
‫ و ﮔﺮﻣﺎ از ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬،‫ﺛﻘﻠﻲ )ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻓﺴﻴﻠﻲ( ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮق ﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
.‫ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
a) Gas in-space heaters including room
heaters, wall furnaces, and floor furnaces.
‫اﻟﻒ( ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﮔﺎزي داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
b) Oil in-space convective heaters including
vaporizing pot-type heaters, powered
atomizing type and portable-type kerosene
heaters.
‫ ﻧﻮع‬،‫ب( ﺑﺨﺎري ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻮع دﻳﮕﭽﻪ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮي‬
c) Electrical in-space heaters including wall
and floor heaters, baseboard heaters, radiant
convector wall panel, embedded cable heat
and portable electric heaters.
،‫ ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻌﻲ‬،‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻨﺘﻲ‬،‫ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬،‫ج( ﺑﺨﺎري ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دﻳﻮاري‬
‫ ﺑﺨﺎريﻫﺎي دﻳﻮاري و ﺑﺨﺎريﻫﺎي‬،‫ﺑﺨﺎري ﻫﺎي ﮔﺎزي‬
.‫زﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬
.‫ﭘﻮدري و ﺑﺨﺎرﻳﻬﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ‬
.‫ ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﻛﺎر و ﻧﻮع ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ‬،‫ﻧﻮع دﻳﻮاري ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬
d) Solid fuel in-space heaters.
.‫د( ﺑﺨﺎري ﻫﺎي ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
2004 ،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻳﻤﻨﻲ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
.‫ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬ASHRAE
For safety and control considerations, reference is
made to ASHRAE 2004 Equipment volume.
6.2 Central Heating System
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﺮﻛﺰي‬2-6
6.2.1 Water heating system
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ آﺑﻲ‬1-2-6
‫ آﺑﮕﺮم را از دﻳﮓ ﻳﺎ آﺑﮕﺮﻣﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬،‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﻲ‬
Water systems use hot water to convey heat
12
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
through piping connection from boiler or water
heater to suitable terminal units. Water systems
can be classified by temperature, flow generation,
pressurization, piping arrangement and pumping
arrangement.
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ﺣﺮارت از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬
،‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬،‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﻲ را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ دﻣﺎ‬.‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ و آراﻳﺶ ﭘﻤﭙﺎژ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪي ﻧﻤﻮد‬،‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬
‫ اﻧﻮاع‬1-1-2-6
6.2.1.1 Types
‫دو ﻧﻮع ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﻮع ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ‬
: ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
There are two types of hot water heating system
classified by flow generation:
a) Gravity flow system, which uses difference
in weight between the supply and return water
to circulate water to the heating terminals.
Water heated in the boiler increases in volume
and rises, simultaneously with a downward
movement of the cooler heavier water in the
return main; thus setting up the circulation.
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺛﻘﻠﻲ در اﺛﺮ اﺧﺘﻼف وزن ﺑﻴﻦ آب رﻓﺖ‬
b) Forced circulation system, in which an
electric pump is employed to provide
movement of the water. This system is the
preferred type as circulation to the heating
terminals are speeded and can almost be
instantly supplied with hot water or maintain a
constant temperature in the system to offset
outside weather conditions.
‫ب( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﻪ در ان ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ‬
‫و ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن اﻧﺪاﺧﺘﻦ و ارﺳﺎل آب ﺑﻪ‬
‫ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﻪ آب ﮔﺮم‬.‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺎزا اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮده و ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن آب ﺳﺮد ﺑﻄﺮف ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
.‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺤﺮﻛﺖ در آوردن آب ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ارﺟﻌﻴﺖ دارد زﻳﺮا ﺟﺮﻳﺎن از‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮده و ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺘﺮ آب ﮔﺮم‬
‫را ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺼﺮف ارﺳﺎل ﻛﻨﺪ و ﻳﺎ دﻣﺎي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ را‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻪ و ﻫﻮاي داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن را ﻣﺘﻌﺎدل‬
.‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ آراﻳﺶ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‬2-1-2-6
6.2.1.2 Piping arrangement
‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آراﻳﺶ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ‬
:‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
According to piping arrangement the water
heating system is divided into:
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪاي ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺗﻚ ﻣﺪاري اﺻﻠﻲ‬
a) One-pipe system or monoflow single loop
main are system with a supply and a return tee
installed on the main. One-pipe circuits allow
manual or automatic control of flow to
individual connected heating units. The length
and load (temperature variation) imposed on a
one-pipe circuit is usually small because of the
limitations.
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ اي اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ اﻧﺸﻌﺎب ﺳﻪ راﻫﻪ در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ رﻓﺖ و‬
‫ در ﻣﺪار‬.‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪاي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﺠﺰا ﺑﺼﻮرت‬
‫دﺳﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد ﻃﻮل و ﺑﺎر )ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
ً‫دﻣﺎ( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖﻫﺎ در ﻣﺪار ﺗﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪاي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬
.‫اﺛﺮ ﻛﻤﻲ دارد‬
‫ب( ﻣﺪارﻫﺎي دو ﻟﻮﻟﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻳﺎ‬
b) Two-pipe circuits which can be directreturn or reverse-return:
:‫ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن اﺻﻠﻲ‬،‫( در ﻣﺪارﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬i
i) In direct-return circuits, the return main
flow direction is opposite the supply main
flow, and the return water from each unit
takes the shortest path back to the boiler.
The direct-return system usually requires
circuit balancing of flow control valves on
unit or sub-circuits.
‫ﻋﻜﺲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ رﻓﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و آب از ﻫﺮ‬
‫واﺣﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ دﻳﮓ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ داده‬
‫ ﻧﻮع ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪار ﻣﺘﻌﺎدل‬.‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺮ روي واﺣﺪ‬
.‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎزا و ﻳﺎ ﻣﺪار ﻓﺮﻋﻲ دارد‬
13
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
ii) In reverse-return circuits the return main
flows in the same direction as the supply
main flow, and the return main returns all
water to the boiler after the last unit is fed.
Reverse-return system seldom needs
balancing valves, as the water flow
distance to and from boiler is the same
through any unit.
‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ‬،‫( در ﻣﺪارﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻌﻜﻮس‬ii
‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ رﻓﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ آﺧﺮﻳﻦ واﺣﺪ ﺗﻤﺎم‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬.‫آب را ﺑﻪ دﻳﮓ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﻨﺪرت ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺎدل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه دارد و‬
‫ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ از دﻳﮓ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ واﺣﺪ ﻳﺎ‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻳﻜﺴﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
iii) Series loop arrangement which is a
continuous run of pipe or tube from a
supply connection to a return connection.
Terminal units are a part of the loop. One
or many series loops can be used in a
complete system. The length of loop can
be increased by increasing operating
temperature drop and decreasing flow rate.
The series loop can be used as a part of
two-pipe direct-return system.
‫( در آراﻳﺶ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺪاره اي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﻄﻮر ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ در‬iii
‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي‬.‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ از ﻣﺴﻴﺮ رﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار اﺳﺖ‬
‫ در ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬.‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻣﺪار ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺪار اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ ﻃﻮل ﻣﺪار ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ اﻓﺖ دﻣﺎي‬.‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬
.‫ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬،‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺪاره اي ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از‬
‫ﻣﺪارﻫﺎي دو ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اي ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي دﻣﺎ‬3-1-2-6
6.2.1.3 Temperature classifications
:‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آب ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
Water system in term of temperature is divided as
follows:
.(LTW) ‫اﻟﻒ( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آب ﺑﺎ دﻣﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
a) Low temperature water system (LTW).
The maximum allowable working pressure
shall be up to 1102 kPa (160 Psi) with a
maximum temperature limitation of 121.1°C
(250°F).
‫ اﻳﻨﭻ‬160) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬1102 ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ درﺟﻪ‬121/2 ‫ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت‬
.(‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬250) ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
b) Medium temperature water system
(MTW).
.(MTW) ‫ب( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آب ﺑﺎ دﻣﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬176/7 ‫اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ در درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت‬
1034 ‫ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬،‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬350)
. ‫ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻴﺮود‬150) ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬
This system operates at temperature of
176.7°C (350°F) or less, with pressure not
exceeding 1034 KPa (150 Psi).
.(HTW) ‫ج( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آب ﺑﺎ دﻣﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ‬
c) High temperature water system (HTW).
‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( و ﻓﺸﺎر ﺣﺪود‬350) ‫ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬176/7
‫ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( ﻋﻤﻞ‬300) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬2068
‫ ﺗﺎ‬204/6˚ ‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ دﻣﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آب از‬.‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
(‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬450 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬400) ‫ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬232/2˚
.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
A hot water heating system operates at
temperature over 176.7°C (350°F) and
pressure of about 2068 kPa (300 Psi).
The maximum design supply water
temperature is from 204.6°C to 232.2°C (400
to 450°F).
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آب‬4-1-2-6
6.2.1.4 Water system equipment
‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
:‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Central plant for water heating system shall
consist the minimum requirements of following
equipment:
14
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
. (‫اﻟﻒ( دﻳﮓ )ﭼﺪﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﻻدي‬
a) Boiler (cast iron or steel).
‫ب( ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از ﻧﻮع ﻣﺸﻌﻞ‬
b) Automatic fuel burner which may be gas
burner, fuel oil burner or dual fuel burner.
.‫ ﮔﺎزوﺋﻴﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﻮز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬،‫ﮔﺎزي‬
.‫ج( ﭘﻤﭗ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﮔﺮدﺷﻲ‬
c) Circulating pump.
.‫د( ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ راﻫﻪ‬
d) Pipe headers.
،‫ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺷﻴﺮآﻻت‬،‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬،‫ﻫ( ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺎل‬
e) Distribution piping, fittings, valves,
strainers, expansion joints and supports.
.‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت اﻧﺒﺴﺎﻃﻲ و ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬
.(‫و( ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط )ﺑﺎز ﻳﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
f) Expansion tank (closed or open).
.‫ز( واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ و ﻣﺒﺪﻟﻬﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
g) Terminal units and heat exchanger.
.‫ح( ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺑﺨﺎر دﻳﮓ و دودﻛﺶ‬
h) Breeching and chimney.
i) Water treatment equipment and facilities
(where required).
. (‫ط( ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب و )ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬
j) Main electrical panel and electric wirings
with interlocks.
.‫ي( ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺮق و ﺳﻴﻢ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺗﺼﺎل داﺧﻠﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ‬
.‫ك( ﻣﻮاد ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻛﺎري‬
k) Insulation materials.
.‫ل( ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدﻛﺎر‬
l) Automatic controls.
: ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬4 ‫ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
For a typical boiler room piping layout, reference
is made to Attachment 4.
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر‬2-2-6
6.2.2 Steam heating system
‫ ﺑﺨﺎر رﻓﺖ و ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ آن از‬،‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آراﻳﺶ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ‬، ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪاي ﻳﺎ دو ﻟﻮﻟﻪاي ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
:‫اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ اﺟﺰاء زﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
According to the piping arrangement that supply
steam to and returns condensate from the terminal
equipment, the steam heating systems can be
classified as one-pipe or two-pipe system.
These systems can be sub-divided into:
a) By the method of condensate return (gravity
flow or mechanical flow by means of
condensate pump or vacuum pump).
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ روش ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ )ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺛﻘﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ‬
b) By the piping arrangement (up-feed or
down-feed and parallel or counter flow for
one-pipe systems). Steam heating system may
be classified into:
‫ب( ﺑﺎ روش آراﻳﺶ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ )ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ و‬
(‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ و ﻳﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻼء‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻮازي ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻌﻜﻮس ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻳﻚ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺸﺮح ذﻳﻞ‬.(‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪاي‬
:‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬103 ‫( ﻓﺸﺎر زﻳﺎد )ﻓﺸﺎر ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺑﻴﺶ از‬i
i) High pressure (operating pressure above
103 kPa or 15 Psi), low pressure (pressure
less than 103 kPa or 15 Psi).
‫ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( و ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﻢ )ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﺎر ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬15 ‫ﻳﺎ‬
(‫ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬15 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﻳﺎ‬103 ‫از‬
15
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻼء ﻳﺎ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ )در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ و ﻓﺸﺎر ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ‬ii
ii) Vacuum or vapor system (when under
vacuum and low pressure condition, use of
vacuum pump is needed).
.(‫ﺧﻼء ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر‬1-2-2-6
6.2.2.1 Steam heating system equipment
‫ ذﻛﺮ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ‬4-1-2-6 ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ آﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ و‬،‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺨﺎر‬،‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮدن ﺗﻠﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
.‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻠﺰوﻣﺎت در ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺨﺎر و ﻛﻨﺘﺮلﻫﺎي آن ﺑﻜﺎر رود‬
Water system equipment as mentioned in clause
6.2.1.4 shall apply, but with addition of necessary
steam trap, steam control valves, condensate tank,
including necessary steam line accessories and
controls.
‫ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ‬3-2-6
6.2.3 Duct water heaters
‫ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي آﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮع اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫اﻓﺰودن ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﺑﻜﺎر‬
.‫ﻣﻴﺮوﻧﺪ‬
Duct water heaters may be selected in the airconditioning units systems. These heaters used for
adding heating to cooling or venting systems
through ductwork.
‫ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ‬4-2-6
6.2.4 Electrical coil duct heaters
‫ ﻧﻮع ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان‬، ‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮد‬
According to the heating system design. Electrical
coil duct heater can be used.
‫ اﻧﺮژي ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪي‬5-2-6
6.2.5 Solar energy
ASHRAE
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮي اﻧﺮژي ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪي ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
33/20 ‫ اﻟﻲ‬33/1 ‫ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت‬33 ‫ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺨﺶ‬2004
.‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
For solar energy application see ASHRAE
Equipment 2004 , chapter 33 page 33/1 to 33/20
‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬-7
7. PIPE SIZING
‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ آب ﮔﺮم‬1-7
7.1 Hot Water Pipe Sizing
7.1.1 To properly design a water piping system, the
designer shall evaluate pressure drop due to pipe
friction loss and pressure loss through valves,
fittings and other elements. The general range of
pipe friction loss used for design of hydronic
systems shall be between 100 and 400 Pa/m (4
ft/100 ft). A value of 250 Pa/m (2.5 ft/100 ft)
represents the mean to which most systems are
designed.
‫ ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬،‫ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ آب‬1-1-7
‫ اﺗﺼﺎﻻت و‬،‫ ﺷﻴﺮآﻻت‬، ‫اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﺻﻄﻜﺎك در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬.‫اﺟﺰاء دﻳﮕﺮ را ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻓﻮت‬4) ‫ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ‬400 ‫ و‬100 ‫ﻧﺮخ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻓﻮت ﺑﺮ‬2،5) ‫ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ‬250 ‫ ﻣﻘﺪار‬.‫ ﻓﻮت( ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬100 ‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫ ﻓﻮت( ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬100
.‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
7.1.2 Closed loop systems shall be sized below
certain upper limits for velocity, such as a velocity
limit of 1.2 m/s (240 fpm) for 50 mm pipe and
under. Velocity in excess of 1.2 m/s can be used in
piping of larger sizes.
‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ در‬،‫ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺪار ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬2-1-7
.‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺠﺎز اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‬
50 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ‬1/2 ‫ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ را ﺑﺮاي‬1/2 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮ و ﻣﻴﺰان ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
.‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
7.1.3 The rate of water flow in a system can be
determined by the heat carrying capacity in any
particular section of piping. This carrying load
depends on the type of piping system. The
following equation shall be used to describe rate of
water flow for each section:
‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب در ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬3-1-7
‫ ﻛﻪ‬،‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ از ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ذﻳﻞ ﺟﻬﺖ‬.‫اﻳﻦ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد‬
.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار آب ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
16
‫)‪IPS-E-AR-100(1‬‬
‫ﺗﻴﺮ ‪Jul. 2009 / 1388‬‬
‫) ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ‪(8‬‬
‫‪H‬‬
‫)‪4.8w.c( t1  t 2‬‬
‫=‪G‬‬
‫)‪(Eq. 8‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Where:‬‬
‫‪ = G‬دﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ )ﮔﺎﻟﻦ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ(‬
‫‪G = water flow rate, l/s (gpm).‬‬
‫‪ = H‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻛﺎﻟﺮي در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫)ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ(‬
‫‪ = W‬ﺟﺮم ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص )داﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ(‬
‫)‪H = heat carrying capacity, kJ/hr (Btu/h‬‬
‫‪W = density of water.‬‬
‫‪ = C‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎي وﻳﮋه آب‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ژول ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬
‫‪ = t 2 , t1‬درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ آب از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﺮم‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ(‬
‫)‪C = specific heat of water, kJ/kg°C (Btu/lb°F‬‬
‫‪t1 , t 2 = temperature of water entering and leaving‬‬
‫‪the heating unit, °C (°F).‬‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً اﻓﺖ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ‪ 11‬درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )‪ 20‬درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﺑﻴﻦ آب ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه‬
‫اﺳﺖ‪ .‬در اﻳﻦ دﻣﺎ در ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‪10000 ،‬ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ‬
‫در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ آزاد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار دﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺸﺮح زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد‪:‬‬
‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ‪ 9‬اﻟﻒ(در واﺣﺪ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ‪ 9‬ب(در واﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
‫‪A 11°C (20°F) temperature drop between heating‬‬
‫‪unit inlet and outlet is extensively used. At this‬‬
‫‪temperature drop, 1 gpm will release (10,000 Btu‬‬
‫‪per hour). So the flow rate for each section can be‬‬
‫‪determined as follows:‬‬
‫‪H‬‬
‫‪10,000‬‬
‫=‪G‬‬
‫‪G= H‬‬
‫‪42‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(Eq. 9A‬‬
‫‪In I-P unit :‬‬
‫)‪(Eq. 9B‬‬
‫‪In SI unit :‬‬
‫‪Where:‬‬
‫‪ = H‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺮارت‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات )ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ در‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ(‬
‫‪ = G‬دﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ )ﮔﺎﻟﻦ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ(‬
‫)‪H = heat carrying capacity, kW (Btu/hr‬‬
‫)‪G = water flow rate, l/s (gpm‬‬
‫‪ 4-1-7‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان‬
‫‪7.1.4 The pipe size for each section can be‬‬
‫‪determined from the volume flow rate and‬‬
‫‪pressure drop.‬‬
‫‪ 5-1-7‬ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻃﻮل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻃﻮل‬
‫‪7.1.5 Designer shall calculate the straight lengths‬‬
‫‪of pipe and additional equivalent length due to‬‬
‫‪fittings, valves and other elements. The straight‬‬
‫‪pipe length shall be measured to the centerline of‬‬
‫‪all fittings and valves.‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن و اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎدل اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮآﻻت و اﺟﺰاء دﻳﮕﺮ را ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻃﻮل ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬اﺗﺼﺎﻻت و‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ را در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2-7‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
‫‪7.2 Steam Pipe Sizing‬‬
‫ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﺻﻮل زﻳﺮ را ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر را ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ داده ﺷﺪه در ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮد‪:‬‬
‫‪Designer shall consider the following principle‬‬
‫‪factors for determining pipe sizes for a given load‬‬
‫‪in steam heating system:‬‬
‫اﻟﻒ ( ﻓﺸﺎر اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺠﺎز در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫‪a) The initial operating pressure and the‬‬
‫‪allowable pressure drop through the system.‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ب( ﻃﻮل ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ در ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
b) The total equivalent length of pipe in the
longest run.
‫ج( ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
c) The maximum velocity of steam.
: ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر و دﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺎر‬
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬33 ‫ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﺨﺶ‬ASHRAE 2005 ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬
Note:
For determining the pressure drop and flow rate in
steam pipe sizing reference is made to ASHRAE
2005 Fundamentals volume, chapter 33.
‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺎز‬3-7
7.3 Gas Pipe Sizing
‫ در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻧﺪازه ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ‬1-3-7
‫ ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ‬.‫ﻣﺼﺎرف دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﮔﺎز را ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز و ﺑﺪون اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﺎز ﺑﻪ‬.‫ورودي ﮔﺎز و دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‬
:‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد‬
7.3.1 Piping for natural gas appliances shall be of
adequate size and installed so that it provides a
supply of gas sufficient to meet the maximum
demand without undue loss of pressure between
the point of supply and appliance. The size of gas
pipe required depends on:
a) Maximum gas consumption to be provided.
.‫اﻟﻒ( ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮔﺎز‬
b) Length of pipe and number of fittings.
. ‫ب ( ﻃﻮل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬
.‫ج ( اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺠﺎز از ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
c) Allowable loss in pressure from the outlet of
the supply to the appliance.
. ‫د( ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ )وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص( ﮔﺎز‬
d) Density (specific gravity) of the gas.
7.3.2 The pipe sizing for gas lines shall be based
on the latest publication and edition of the
N.I.G.C Standards.
‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﺎز ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ‬2-3-7
7.3.3 The maximum pressure drop in gas piping
system at low pressure ranges (up to 1.5 kPa),
shall be 10% of the initial pressure. Pipe size can
be determined by knowing the pressure drop,
length of pipe and gas flow rate.
‫ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﮔﺎز در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻓﺸﺎر‬3-3-7
7.3.4 Gas consumption in m3/h is obtained by
dividing the kilocalorie input rate per hour at
which the appliance (boiler or furnace) will be
operated by the average Kilocalorie heating value
per cubic meter of gas.
‫ ﻣﻘﺪار ﮔﺎز ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ را‬4-3-7
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻛﺎﻟﺮي در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ورودي ﮔﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ‬
‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ در ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎر )دﻳﮓ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻮره( ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ارزش ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﮔﺎز ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻛﺎﻟﺮي در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﮔﺎز‬
.‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬4-7
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻘﺪر ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ در‬1-4-7
‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻜﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ را ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﮕﻬﺪارد ﺗﺎ از‬، ‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺪار ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
.‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺣﺪ ﺑﺮ ورودي ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺮاي‬5 ‫درﺟﺪاول ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
‫ )ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ( و ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬6 ‫ و‬5 ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺷﻤﺎره‬
.‫ )ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﺳﺒﻚ( ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬2 ‫ و‬1 ‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻫﺎي ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻠﻲ ﮔﺎز اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ درﺻﺪ ﻓﺸﺎر‬10 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان‬1,5 ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ )ﺗﺎ‬
‫ ﻃﻮل ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و دﺑﻲ‬،‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ را ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬.‫اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﮔﺎز ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آورد‬
7.4 Fuel Oil Pipe Sizing
7.4.1 Pipe size must be large enough to maintain
low pump suction head and, in the case of
circulating loop systems, to prevent over pressure
at the burner oil pump inlet. Tables in Attachment
5 give recommended pipe oil pump suction sizes
for handling No. 5 and No. 6 oils (residual grades)
and No. 1 and No. 2 oils (distillate grades).
‫ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و‬2-4-7
7.4.2 Pipe materials must be compatible with fuel
used and carefully assembled to eliminate leaks.
.‫ﺑﺎ دﻗﺖ اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدد ﺗﺎ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﻴﺮد‬
18
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
PART II
II ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
APPLIED EQUIPMENT
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ﺑﻜﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب دﻳﮓ‬-8
8. BOILER SELECTION
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-8
8.1 General
‫ ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻞ دﻳﮓ را ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬1-1-8
8.1.1 Designer shall evaluate boiler gross output,
which is equal to sum of total heat load of
building, heat loss through piping and tanks and
warming-up heat loss of boiler.
‫ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارت از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬،‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
.‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ و ﻣﺨﺎزن آﺑﮕﺮم و ﺣﺮارت ﺗﻠﻒ ﺷﺪه دﻳﮓ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ درﺻﺪ‬20 ً‫ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬2-1-8
8.1.2 In average building heating systems, it is
common practice to consider 20% of the heat load
to the heat loss through pipes and hot water tank
and 10% of the heat load to heat loss through
radiation of boilers. Therefore a total of 30% shall
be added to the calculated total heat load which
shall be considered as net output of the selected
boiler.
‫ درﺻﺪ ﺣﺮارت‬10 ‫ ﻣﺨﺎزن آب و‬،‫ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻊ دﻳﮕﻬﺎ از ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻲرود ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ در‬
‫ درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮآورد ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ دﻳﮓ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد و‬30 ‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
.‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺰء ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ دﻳﮓ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﺟﺰاء‬2-8
8.2 Selection Parameter
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع دﻳﮓ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي اﺟﺰاء و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬1-2-8
8.2.1 Selection for all kind of boilers shall be
based on a component review of the following
parameters:
:‫ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
a) ASME or authoritative international
standards code section, under which the boiler
is constructed and tested.
‫ و ﻳﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ASME (‫اﻟﻒ‬
b) Net boiler output capacity, in kW (Btu/h)
‫ب( ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ دﻳﮓ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات )ﺑﻲ‬
. ‫دﻳﮓ ﻃﺒﻖ آن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
(‫ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
(‫ج(ﻛﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
c) Total heat-transfer surface, m2 (ft2)
(‫ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم )ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‬،‫د( ﻣﻘﺪار آب‬
d) Water content, kg (lb).
(‫ ﻣﮕﺎ ژول )ﻛﻴﻠﻮ وات در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬،‫ﻫ( ﺗﻮان ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬
e) Auxiliary power requirements, MJ (kwh).
‫و( اﻟﮕﻮي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب داﺧﻞ دﻳﮓ‬
f) Internal water-flow patterns.
‫ز( ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪات ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎري ﺳﻄﻮح اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت‬
g) Cleaning provisions for all heat-transfer
surfaces.
‫ح( راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﻛﺎري‬
h) Operational efficiency.
‫ط( ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز و ﭼﻴﺪﻣﺎن ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‬
i) Space requirements and piping arrangement.
‫ي( اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب‬
j) Water treatment requirements.
‫ اﺟﺰاء اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ذﻳﻞ‬،‫ ﺑﺮاي دﻳﮓ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ‬2-2-8
8.2.2 For fuel fired boilers the following
additional component review shall be considered:
.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻓﻀﺎي اﺣﺘﺮاق )ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﻮره( ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ‬
a) Combustion space (furnace volume), m3
(ft3)
(ft3)،‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
19
‫)‪IPS-E-AR-100(1‬‬
‫ﺗﻴﺮ ‪Jul. 2009 / 1388‬‬
‫ب( اﻟﮕﻮي ﺟﺮﻳﺎن داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت اﺣﺘﺮاق‬
‫‪b) Internal flow patterns of combustion‬‬
‫‪products.‬‬
‫ج( ﻫﻮاي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺣﺘﺮاق و ﻣﻠﺰوﻣﺎت ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ آن‬
‫‪c) Combustion air and venting requirements.‬‬
‫‪ 3-2-8‬ﺑﺮاي دﻳﮓﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺎر اﺟﺰاء اﺿﺎﻓﻲ ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫‪8.2.3 For steam boilers the following additional‬‬
‫‪component review shall be considered:‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻓﻀﺎي ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ(‬
‫)‪a) Steam space, m3 (ft3‬‬
‫ب( ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ(‬
‫)‪b) Steam disengaging area , m2 (ft2‬‬
‫‪ -9‬اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺸﻌﻞ‬
‫‪9. BURNER SELECTION‬‬
‫‪ 1-9‬ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ دﻳﮓ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺮخ‬
‫‪9.1 Designer shall select burner suitable with the‬‬
‫‪boiler. Rate of fuel L/h, kg/h or m3/h (Gal/h) can‬‬
‫‪be calculated from the following equation:‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ )ﮔﺎﻟﻦ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ( از ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫) ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ‪(10‬‬
‫‪HB‬‬
‫‪Ho Z‬‬
‫=‪G‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(Eq. 10‬‬
‫‪Where:‬‬
‫‪ = G‬ﻣﻴﺰان اﺣﺘﺮاق ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫‪ = HB‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ دﻳﮓ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﮕﺎ ژول ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ )ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ(‬
‫‪ = HO‬ارزش ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﮕﺎ ژول ﺑﺮ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﮕﺎ‬
‫ژول ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺎ ژول ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم )ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺎﻟﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ(‬
‫‪ = Z‬راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﻣﺸﻌﻞ‪(0.6 - 0.85) ،‬‬
‫‪G = burner firing rate L/h, kg/h, m3/h, gal/h or lb/h‬‬
‫‪HB = boiler capacity, MJ/hr or Btu/h.‬‬
‫‪HO = heating value of fuel, MJ/kg, MJ/ m3 or MJ/l‬‬
‫‪(Btu/gal, Btu/lb).‬‬
‫‪Z = burner efficiency (0.6 - 0.85).‬‬
‫‪ 2-9‬ارزش ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮار ذﻳﻞ اﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪9.2 Heating calorific values for some typical fuels‬‬
‫‪are as follows:‬‬
‫ﮔﺎز ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺎ ارزش ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ 37,26‬ﻣﮕﺎ ژول ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ )‪ 1000‬ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ(‬
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ 2‬ﺑﺎ ارزش ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ 41,8‬ﻣﮕﺎ‬
‫ژول ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ )‪ 140000‬ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ(‬
‫ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪4‬و ‪ 5‬و ‪ 6‬ﺑﺎ ارزش ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪47,2‬‬
‫ﻣﮕﺎ ژول ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم )‪ 150000‬ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ(‬
‫‪Natural gas: Ho= 37.26 MJ/ m3 (1000 Btu/ ft3).‬‬
‫‪No. 2 oil: Ho = 41.8 MJ/kg (140,000 Btu/gal).‬‬
‫‪Nos. 4, 5 and 6 oil: Ho = 47.2 MJ/kg (150,000‬‬
‫‪Btu/gal).‬‬
‫‪ 3-9‬اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ و ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺣﺘﺮاق‬
‫‪9.3 The recommended ventilation requirement‬‬
‫‪suitable for burner combustion air should be based‬‬
‫‪on Attachment 6.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺟﺪول ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ 6‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -10‬ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬
‫‪10. FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK‬‬
‫‪ 1-10‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ذﺧﻴﺮه ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ روش درﺟﻪ روز‬
‫)‪10.1 Capacity of the fuel oil storage tank (F.O.T‬‬
‫‪can be evaluated by using the degree day method.‬‬
‫ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‪ .‬درﺟﻪ – روزﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ از‬
‫‪20‬‬
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
Degree-days for the building specified region is
obtained as follows:
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
:‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ‬
Degree-days = (number of days during heating season) × (18.3°C- outside mean temperature °C)
‫ روز‬- ‫( × )ﺗﻌﺪاد روزﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻓﺼﻞ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ ( = درﺟﻪ‬18/3 °C - ‫) درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺎرج ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي‬2-10
10.2 The capacity of fuel oil tank for monthly fuel
consumption can be obtained directly from the
following:
:‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي اداري ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ از راﺑﻄﻪ ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ‬
F.O.T. Capacity/L = Burner gph × 4 l/gal × 10 hrs/day × 22 days/month
‫ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﮔﺎﻟﻦ × ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ = ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﺨﺰن ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ‬4 × ‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در روز‬10 × ‫ روز در ﻣﺎه‬22
‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط‬-11
11. EXPANSION TANK
‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﻳﻜﻲ از ادوات اﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻓﺸﺎر در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
.‫آﺑﮕﺮم ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮔﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺎز ﻳﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
Expansion tank is the primary device in hot water
systems used to accomplish system pressure
control (when pressurizing equipment is not
applied). These systems are designated as open or
closed tank.
‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺑﺎز‬1-11
11.1 Open Expansion Tank
‫اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮاي آزاد در ارﺗﺒﺎط اﺳﺖ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ‬180) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬82
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎً ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد و‬.‫دارد‬
‫ ﻓﻮت( در ﻓﺮاز ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺪل و روي ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬4) ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬1/2 ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
6 ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺎوي‬.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
.‫درﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﻞ آب ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
This system is vented to the atmosphere and
limited to installations having operating
temperature less than 82°C (180°F). The tank
should be at least 1.2 m (4ft) above the highest
point of the system and be preferably connected to
the suction side of the pump. The minimum tank
volume should not be less than or equal to 6% of
the total system water volume.
(Eq. 12A)
Vt = ( Ew – Ep)×Vs
( ‫ اﻟﻒ‬12 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
:‫ﻛﻪ‬
Where:
Vt = volume of expansion tank in gallons
‫ = ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ‬Vt
Vs = volume of water in system in gallons
‫ = ﺣﺠﻢ آب ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ‬Vs
‫ ﻣﻨﻬﺎي ﺣﺠﻢ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط‬،‫ = ﺣﺠﻢ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط آب درون ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬Ew – Ep
‫ دﻳﮓ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
Ew – Ep = unit expansion of the water minus the
unit expansion of pipe radiation
‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬2-11
11.2 Closed Expansion Tank
‫ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ‬ASME ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ رود ﻛﻪ درﺟﻪ‬.‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد‬
160) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬71 ‫ﺣﺮارت آب ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ در ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎر ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ درﺟﻪ‬280) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬138 ‫درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( و‬
.‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
The size of closed expansion tank is determined
by the following ASME formula. This formula
should be used when system water temperature
operates between 71°C (160°F) and 138°C
(280°F).
(Eq. 12B) (SI)
Vt = (0.000738t - 0.03348) vS
pa
pf
21

Pa
p0
(‫ ب‬12 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
:‫ﻛﻪ‬
Where :
‫ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ )ﻓﻮت‬،‫ = ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط‬Vt
(‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
Vt = minimum volume of the expansion tank, m3
(ft3).
Vs = system volume, m3 (ft3).
(‫ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ )ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬،‫ = ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬Vs
t = maximum average operating temperature, °C
(°F).
‫ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬،‫ = ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت در ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎر‬t
(‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد )ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
Pa = pressure in the expansion tank when the
water first enters, usually atmospheric
pressure.
ً‫ = ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط در ﺷﺮوع ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮدن ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ )ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬Pa
(‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﻮ‬
Pf = initial fill or minimum pressure at tank.
‫ = ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮدن ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر‬Pf
‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬
Po = maximum operating pressure at the
expansion tank.
‫ = ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﺎر ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ در ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط‬Po
A widely used formula recommended for water
temperature below 71°C (160°F) is:
‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬71 ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺮاي دﻣﺎي آب ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
.‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬160)
(Eq. 12C)
Vt =
E
p
p
a

f
Pa
p
(‫ ج‬12 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
0
:‫ﻛﻪ‬
Where:
‫ = ﻣﻘﺪار اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﻳﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ آب ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ دﻣﺎي آب از‬E
.‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
E = net expansion of the water in the system when
heated from minimum to maximum
temperature.
Note:
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
The required minimum pressure (Pf) and the
maximum pressure in the expansion tank (Po) may
be changed, depending on the effect of relative
pump and tank location.
‫( و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط‬Pf) ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬
‫( ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬Po)
.‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﻧﺒﺴﺎط ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
12. TERMINAL UNITS
‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬-12
‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬1-12
12.1 Classification
:‫واﺣﺪﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ذﻳﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Terminal units are commonly classified as
follows:
1) Natural convection units, which include
radiators, cabinet convectors, baseboard and
finned-tube units.
،‫( واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ رادﻳﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬1
2) Forced convection units, include unit
heaters, unit ventilators, fan coil units,
induction units and air handling units and
heating coils in central station units. (Fan coils,
unit ventilators and central station units can be
،‫ ﺑﺎدزن‬،‫( واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ اﺟﺒﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮ‬2
‫ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ و ﻓﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﻮب ﻫﺎ‬
‫ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي اﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ و دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻫﻮارﺳﺎن و‬،‫ﻓﻦ ﻛﻮﺋﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻮﺋﻞﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ در دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﺮﻛﺰي )ﻓﻦ ﻛﻮﺋﻞﻫﺎ و‬
،‫ﺑﺎدزنﻫﺎ و دﺳﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‬
22
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
used for heating, ventilating and cooling).
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
.(‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻫﻮا و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
3) Radiant panel system, which transfer heat
through a controlled surface (such as floor,
wall, ceiling).
‫( ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ را از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺤﺖ‬3
.‫ ﻛﻒ و ﻳﺎ دﻳﻮار ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬،‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻘﻒ‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ واﺣﺪﻫﺎي‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-M-AR-225 ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
For additional information on material
specification of various terminal units, reference
is made to IPS-M-AR-225.
12.2 Types
‫ اﻧﻮاع رادﻳﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬2-12
‫ رادﻳﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬1-2-12
12.2.1 Radiators
Radiators are generally used with hot water or
steame to deliver heat to room space by
convection, the room heat load must be divided by
rating per section of the radiators with reference
to manufacturer’s catalog. After the required
number of sections is obtained, a comparison may
be performed between different models according
to economical consideration.
‫رادﻳﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺎل ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه آب ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻴﺮوﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب رادﻳﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻮگ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﺎر‬
‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺮه از رادﻳﺎﺗﻮر ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬
‫ ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪن ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﺮه ﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از‬.‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ رادﻳﺎﺗﻮر ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ دﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬.‫اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد رادﻳﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ ﻣﺪار را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ دﺳﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻒ ﻓﻠﺰي ﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻣﺪار اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻧﻤﻮد رادﻳﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻲ از ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬
،‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬.‫اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در زﻳﺮ ﭘﻨﺠﺮهﻫﺎ درﻃﻮل دﻳﻮار ﻛﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ آن ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎرج‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و در ﻣﺤﺪوده ورودي ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻗﺮار‬
.‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
Radiator pipe sizing can be performed by
knowing the flow rate.
Radiators can be controlled manually by a globe
valve or automatically by means of a circuit
balancing valve. Radiators shall be placed at the
points of greatest heat loss of the space. For
example, such units are commonly located under
windows, along exposed walls, and at door
openings.
12.2.2 Radiant panels
‫ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺎﺑﺸﻲ‬2-2-12
The following steps shall be used in designing a
radiant panel heating system:
:‫در ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺎﺑﺸﻲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ذﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
1) Calculation of room heat loss.
‫( ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻓﻀﺎ‬1
2) The room heat loss except the floor and
edge loss is used to determine the panel size.
Total heat loss is used in calculating the
amount of water which must be circulated.
‫( اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﺠﺰ ﻛﻒ و ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮن ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺑﺮاي‬2
‫ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻛﻞ در‬.‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻧﺪازه ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻲرود‬
.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار آب در ﮔﺮدش اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫( ﻧﻮع و ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬3
3) The type and location of the heating coil
shall be floor or ceiling panels or a
combination of both may be used. Type of
coils may be grid or serpentine type.
[
‫ﻧﻮع ﭘﻨﻞ در ﻛﻒ ﻳﺎ در ﺳﻘﻒ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ از اﻳﻦ دو ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از ﻧﻮع ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﻳﺎ‬.‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‬
.‫ﻣﺎرﭘﻴﭻ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫( ﺑﺎر ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز در واﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﻒ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻓﻀﺎ‬4
4) Required space heat per unit area of floor or
ceiling shall be calculated. By knowing the
heat transfer coefficient of floor or ceiling and
reference to manufacturer’s catalogs the panel
‫ ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت ﻛﻒ ﻳﺎ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﺳﻘﻒ و ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻮگ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻛﻮﻳﻞ و‬
23
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
coil’s characteristic and water inlet/ outlet
temperature can be obtained.
.‫درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت آب ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ‬
5) Amount of water needed to carry the
heating load shall be calculated.
‫( ﻣﻘﺪار آب ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎر ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬5
.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد‬
6) Distribution piping shall be sized.
.‫( ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﺬاري ﺷﻮد‬6
12.2.3 Convectors
‫ ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ‬3-2-12
12.2.3.1 General
‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-3-2-12
‫ ﻋﻤﻖ و ﻃﻮل ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬،‫ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ در ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬
‫ اﻟﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ از ﺟﻨﺲ‬.‫ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻨﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع واﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬.‫ﻓﻠﺰات آﻫﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ آﻫﻨﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‬
.‫ دﻳﻮاري ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﻛﺎر ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺼﻮرت اﻳﺴﺘﺎده‬
Convectors are available in variety of depths,
sizes, lengths and in enclosure or cabinet types.
The heating elements are available in fabricated
ferrous and nonferrous metals. These may be
freestanding, wall-hung or recessed type.
12.2.3.2 Characteristics
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‬2-3-2-12
A typical convector shall posses the following
characteristics:
:‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
a) Heating element shall be in copper tube and
aluminum smooth fins fixed to the copper tube
expanding, and hydraulically tested at
minimum pressure of 10 kg/sq. cm.
‫اﻟﻒ( اﻟﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻲ و ﭘﺮهﻫﺎي‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ‬10 ‫آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
.‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
b) Grill for internal air outlet shall be bent with
fins directing air stream and manual damper.
‫ب( ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ از ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي داﻣﭙﺮ‬
c) Steel sheet casing shall be stove enameled
and 1 to 1.2 mm min. thickness; front panel
completely trip removable for access to the
internal part, complete also with rear panel for
total enclosure of the equipment.
1 ‫ج( ﺑﺪﻧﻪ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ورق ﻓﻮﻻدي ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
.‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ دﺳﺘﻲ و ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ در‬.‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﺑﺎ رﻧﮓ ﻛﻮره اي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬1,2 ‫ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺿﻤﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ آن ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺟﺰا داﺧﻠﻲ و ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
12.2.3.3 Location
‫ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ‬3-3-2-12
The best location for convectors shall be under
windows. Two convectors placed under windows
are better than one large convector. Where
convectors cannot be located under windows, they
shall be placed against outside walls with coldest
exposure.
‫ ﻧﺼﺐ دو‬.‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ زﻳﺮ ﭘﻨﺠﺮهﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮر ﻛﻮﭼﻚ زﻳﺮ ﭘﻨﺠﺮه ﺑﻬﺘﺮ از ﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮر ﺑﺰرگ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻮان ﻛﻨﻮﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ را در زﻳﺮ ﭘﻨﺠﺮه ﻗﺮار داد ﺑﺎﻳﺪ آﻧﻬﺎ را‬
.‫ﻣﺠﺎور ﺳﺮدﺗﺮﻳﻦ دﻳﻮار ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﻤﻮد‬
‫ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ‬4-2-12
12.2.4 Unit heaters
‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬1-4-2-12
12.2.4.1 classification
‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻳﻜﻲ از روﺷﻬﺎي ذﻳﻞ‬
:‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
Unit heaters can be classified according to one or
more of the following methods:
1) The heating medium: The heating media
can be steam, hot water, gas indirect-fired,
infrared, oil indirect fired and electric.
،‫ ﺗﺎﺑﺸﻲ‬،‫ آﺑﮕﺮم‬،‫ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﻧﻮع ﺑﺨﺎر‬:‫( ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬1
2) Types of fan: can be either propeller,
centrifugal, or remote air mover. Propeller fan
‫ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﻧﻮع ﭘﺮواﻧﻪاي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻳﺎ‬:‫( ﺑﺎدزنﻫﺎ‬2
.‫ ﮔﺎز ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎزوﺋﻴﻞ ﺑﺎ اﺷﺘﻌﺎل ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬،‫ﺑﺮﻗﻲ‬
‫ ﺑﺎدزنﻫﺎي ﭘﺮواﻧﻪاي در اﻧﻮاع ﺟﺮﻳﺎن اﻓﻘﻲ‬.‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
24
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
units may be horizontal-blow or down blow.
Centrifugal fan units may be of the smaller
cabinet type or larger industrial type. Units
with remote air movers are known as duct air
unit heaters.
‫)روﺑﺮوزن( ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻮدي )ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ زن( ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﺎدزن ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ از ﻧﻮع ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻨﺘﻲ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ و ﻳﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﺎدزنﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺮك ﻣﺠﺰا ﺑﻨﺎم واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
3) Arrangement of elements: considered
either as the draw-through, in which the fan
draws air through, or the blow through, in
which the fan blows air through heating
element.
‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎدﺑﺰن‬:‫( ﺷﻴﻮه اﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﺟﺰاء‬3
.‫ﻗﺒﻞ )دﻣﺶ( و ﻳﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ )ﻣﻜﺶ( از ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد‬
12.2.4.2 Application
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي‬2-4-2-12
Unit heaters have relatively large heating
capacities in compact casings, the ability to
project heated air in a controlled manner over a
considerable distance, with a relatively low
installed cost. They are used to heat garages,
factories, warehouses, show rooms, stores, and
laboratories. Unit heaters are also used for spot or
intermittent heating, such as blanketing outside
doors; also used where filtration of heated air is
required.
‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻗﺮار‬
ً‫ داراي ﻗﺪرت ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ‬،‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
،‫ اﻳﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺎراژﻫﺎ‬.‫ﻛﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻓﺮوﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬،‫ اﻧﺒﺎرﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎت‬
‫ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ و‬.‫ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻴﺮوﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺮده ﻫﻮا و ﺟﺎﺋﻴﻜﻪ ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮم ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻮرد‬
.‫ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﻣﻴﺮود‬
12.2.4.3 Ratings of unit heaters
‫ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬3-4-2-12
It is common to rate unit heaters on the amount of
heat delivered by the air above an entering air
temperature of 16°C (60°F), rated as follows:
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ دﻣﺎي ورودي ﻫﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ ﺑﻴﺎن‬60) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬16
:‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
a) The steam unit heaters are based upon dry
saturated steam at 13.8 kPa (2 psig) pressure at
the heater coil, air at 16°C (60°F) and
barometric pressure entering heater, and the
heater operating free of external resistance to
airflow. The capacity of a heater increases by
the steam pressure and decreases by increasing
inlet air temperature.
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺨﺎرﺧﺸﻚ‬
b) Rating of hot water unit heaters is usually
based on water at 93°C (200°F), water
temperature drop of 11°C (20°F) entering air at
16°C (60°F) and barometric pressure.
‫ب( ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎي آب ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دﻣﺎي آب‬
‫ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( و‬2) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬13/8 ‫اﺷﺒﺎع ورودي‬
‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( در‬60) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬16 ‫ﻫﻮاي ورودي‬
‫ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺎ‬. ‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﻮ و ﺑﺎ وزش آزاد ﻫﻮا ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دﻣﺎي ﻫﻮاي ورودي ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬
.‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﻓﺖ دﻣﺎي‬،(‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬200) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬93 ‫ورودي‬
16‫ و ﻫﻮاي ورودي‬،(‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬20) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬11
‫ در ﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﻮ ﺑﻴﺎن‬،(‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬60) ‫درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
.‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮد‬
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻮع ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬4-4-2-12
12.2.4.4 Type of unit heaters
a) Propeller fan units shall be selected in freedelivery applications where the heating
capacity and distribution requirements can best
be met by units of moderate output, used
singly or in multiples, and where filtration of
the heated air is not required.
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎدزن ﭘﺮواﻧﻪاي در ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ واﺣﺪ‬
‫ وزش آزاد ﻫﻮا و ﺑﺪون‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎرﺑﺮي ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
.‫ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻫﻮا اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
25
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
b) Designer shall select horizontal-blow units
in association with low to moderate ceiling
heights. Downblow units shall be selected in
high-ceiling spaces and where floor and wall
space limitations dictate on remote location for
the heating equipment. The downblow units
shall be selected with either adjustable or
revolving diffusers.
‫ب( ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎي اﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻛﻢ و ﻳﺎ‬
c) Industrial centrifugal fan units shall be
selected where heating capacities and space
volumes are large or where filtration of the
heated air or operation against static resistance
is required. Downblow or horizontal-blow
units can be selected depending on the
requirements.
‫ج( ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎدزن ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮدي ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع زﻳﺎد‬
‫و ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻧﺼﺐ روي ﻛﻒ ﻳﺎ دﻳﻮار و ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ‬
.‫درﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻫﻮاي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮدان اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫وﺳﻴﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎر ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ زﻳﺎد و ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻫﻮا و ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
‫ در اﻧﻮاع اﻓﻘﻲ و ﻋﻤﻮدي‬،‫ﻫﻮا ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
.‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫د( ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﺑﻴﻨﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻧﺼﺐ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي‬
d) Cabinet unit heaters shall be selected for
free delivery or low pressure duct applications,
may be equipped with filters.
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮيﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎ وزش آزاد ﻫﻮا و ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻫﻮا ﺑﺎ‬
.‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﻢ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻮع ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬5-4-2-12
12.2.4.5 Selection of unit heaters
‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬
: ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
Factors to be considered in the selection of unit
heater shall include.
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮد‬
a) The heating media to be employed.
‫ب( ﻧﻮع دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬
b) The type of unit.
‫ج( ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ‬
c) The location of unit for proper heat
distribution.
‫د( ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺮ و ﺻﺪاي ﻣﺠﺎز‬
d) The permissible sound level.
‫ﻫ ( ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻫﻮا‬
e) The need for filteration.
‫و( ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ‬
f) The heating capacity.
‫ دودﻛﺶ و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ راﺑﻂ آن‬-13
13. BREECHING AND CHIMNEY
‫ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ دودﻛﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در ﻧﻈﺮ‬1-13
13.1 Factors to be considered when selecting
chimney materials include: (1) The temperature of
gases; (2) Their composition and propersity to
condense (dew point); (3) The presence of sulfur,
halogens, and other fuels and air contaminants
that lead to corrosion; and (4) The operating cycle
of the appliance.
‫( ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي‬2 ‫( دﻣﺎي ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي اﺣﺘﺮاق؛‬1 :‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫( وﺟﻮد اﻧﻮاع‬3 ‫اﺣﺘﺮاق و دﻣﺎي ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ )ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ(؛‬
‫ ﺳﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﺧﺎم‬،‫ ﻫﺎﻟﻮژنﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﮔﻮﮔﺮد‬:‫آﻻﻳﻨﺪهﻫﺎي ﻫﻮا از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫( ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬4 ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪه و ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺧﻮرﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ و‬
‫زﻣﺎن ﻛﺎرﻛﺮد دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ دودﻛﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬2-13
13.2 The chimney system design should balance
the flow of hot gases against friction losses. For a
specified boiler heat load and chimney height, the
cross section of circular or rectangular chimney
can be estimated by the following empirical
relation:
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻳﻚ دﻳﮓ ﺑﺎ‬.‫از ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي اﺣﺘﺮاق ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ و ارﺗﻔﺎع دودﻛﺶ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ دودﻛﺶ از راﺑﻄﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬،‫داﻳﺮهاي ﻳﺎ ﭼﻬﺎرﮔﻮش‬
:‫ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
26
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
(Eq. 13)
A=
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
Q  1000
H (25  24 Q )
(13 ‫)ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ‬
: ‫ﻛﻪ‬
Where:
‫ = ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ دودﻛﺶ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬A
A= chimney cross section, cm2.
‫ = ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ دﻳﮓ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻛﺎﻟﺮي در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬Q
Q = boiler heat load, kcal/hr.
‫ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ‬،‫ = ارﺗﻔﺎع دودﻛﺶ‬H
H = chimney height, m.
‫( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮري اﻧﺪازه‬Stack) ‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ راﺑﻂ دود و دودﻛﺶ‬3-13
13.3 Breeching and chimney (stack) must be sized
so that the pressure at the boiler outlet shall be as
close to zero as possible. Deviations are not
recommended to exceed ±0.5” of water.
‫ﮔﺬاري ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎر دود در ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ دﻳﮓ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﻴﻜﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ اﻳﻨﭻ آب ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ‬0/5 ‫ اﻧﺤﺮاف ﺑﻴﺶ از‬.‫اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺷﻮد‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻲﮔﺮدد‬
‫ ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬-14
14. HEAT EXCHANGER (CONVERTERS)
‫ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬1-14
14.1 Classification
Heat exchanger or converters can be classified
into the following general types:
‫ﻣﺒﺪلﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ اﻧﻮاع ﻛﻠﻲ ذﻳﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي‬
:.‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬
a) Steam to water.
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﻪ آب‬
b) Water to water.
‫ب( آب ﺑﻪ آب‬
c) Water to steam (calorifier).
‫ج( آب ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬2-14
14.2 Application
‫ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ آب ﺑﻪ آب و ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﻪ آب ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ از ﻧﻮع‬
‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ و ﻟﻮﻟﻪ و ﺑﺼﻮرت اﻓﻘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻮدي در ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت آﺑﮕﺮم و‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ آﺑﮕﺮم ﺑﺎ دﻣﺎي ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺼﺎرف ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫در واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻳﺎ آب ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر‬
.‫ﻣﻴﺮود‬
Water to water or steam to water heat exchangers
(generally shell and tube units) are horizontal or
vertical type used in hot water systems to produce
low temperature water for certain zones or in
process water or domestic water services.
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﻪ آب و آب ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺎر ﺑﻪ‬
‫ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ‬ASHRAE APPLICATION ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬IPS-G-ME-220 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
For design requirements of steam to water and
water to steam refer to ASHRAE applications
handbook. Reference is also made to
IPS-G-ME-220.
‫ ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ آب ﺑﻪ آب‬3-14
14.3 Water to Water Heat Exchanger
:‫ ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ذﻳﻞ را در ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮد‬1-3-14
14.3.1 Designer shall consider the following:
‫اﻟﻒ( ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز‬
a) Computing the load requirements.
‫ب( ﺑﺮآورد دﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن آب در ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ از‬
b) Establishing the flow rate of water through
the heat exchanger from the following
formula:
:‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‬
27
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
M3/H = kw/ (1.163 × Δt) (usually 17°C)
OR
GPM = Btu/hr/ (8.33 × 60 × Δt) (usually 30°F)
‫ج( اﺧﺘﻼف دﻣﺎي آب ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ورودي و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻣﺒﺪل‬
c) The entering heating water shall be kept at
least 11°C (20°F) in temperature less than the
desired leaving water temperature of the water
to be heated.
‫ درﺟﻪ‬20) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬11 ‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
.‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
14.3.2 The manufacturer’s catalog for the water
pressure drop through the tubes of the converter
shall be consulted.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آوردن اﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر آب در ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﺪل‬2-3-14
14.3.3 The velocity of the water through the tubes
shall be minimum of 0.305 m/sec (1ft/sec) and a
maximum of 1.5 m/sec (5ft/sec).
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ در‬0/305 ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ آب در ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬3-3-14
14.3.4 The converter tubes shall be selected on the
basis of maximum fouling factor for closed
systems and for domestic heating systems.
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس‬4-3-14
.‫ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻮگ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻓﻮت‬5) ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬1/5 ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ )ﻳﻚ ﻓﻮت در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ( و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
.‫در ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ رﺳﻮب ﮔﻴﺮي در ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ و‬
‫آﺑﮕﺮم ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﻴﺮد‬
‫ ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬5-3-14
14.3.5 Design requirements
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻛﻮﻳﻞ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬1-5-3-14
‫ دﻣﺎي آب ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ‬.‫ﻛﻪ آب ﮔﺮم ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ را ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ درﺟﻪ‬40) ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬60 ‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد ﺑﻪ‬4/4 ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از‬
.‫ درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﮔﺮم ﺷﻮد‬140 ‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺎ‬
:‫ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺸﺮح زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬2-5-3-14
14.3.5.1 The heating coil shall be specified to heat
the required flow of the domestic hot water
recovery. The domestic water shall be heated
from 4.4°C to 60°C (40°F to 140°F).
14.3.5.2 The heat required shall be:
M3/H (recovery) × 1.163 × Δt (usually 55°C)
OR
GPM (recovery) × 8.33 × 60 × Δt (usually 100°F)
‫ درﺟﻪ‬93 ‫ آب ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎً در‬3-5-3-14
14.3.5.3 The heating water shall preferably enter
at 93°C (200°F) and leave at 76.6°C (170°F).
(170°F)‫ درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬76/6 ‫( وارد و در‬200°F) ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
.‫ﺧﺎرج ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺒﺪل ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ از ورق ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺮﺑﻦ دار‬4-5-3-14
‫ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ‬160) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬1102 ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﺎري‬
‫ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻨﭻ‬160) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎل‬1102 ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( و ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﺎري‬
. ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬-15
14.3.5.4 Converters shall be constructed of black
carbon steel sheets for a working pressure of 1102
kPa (160 psi) in the shell, and 1102 kPa (160 psi)
in the tubes.
15. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
‫ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬1-15
15.1 Applications
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻤﺪه ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻳﺰ از ﻣﺮﻛﺰ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي‬
:‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﻳﻞ اﺳﺖ‬
Major application for pumps in the central heating
system are:
‫ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﺷﻲ آب ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬-
- Heating water circulation pumps.
28
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
- In line circulator for the services (plumbing
fixtures).
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﻲ ﮔﺮدﺷﻲ آب ﮔﺮم ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﻫﺎ‬-
- Condensate pumps.
‫ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎي آب ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ‬-
- Boiler feed pumps.
‫ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ آب دﻳﮓ‬‫ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬-
- Fuel oil pumps.
‫ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎي آب ﺑﺮاي واﺣﺪﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬-
- Water pumps for terminal units.
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫وﻗﺘﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت ﮔﺮم را ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻲاﻧﺪازﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ داراي اﻓﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎر ﻛﻢ در ورودي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮاﻇﺐ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﭘﻤﭗ‬NPSH ‫( ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از‬NPSH) ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﻜﺶ‬
.‫ﻧﺸﻮد‬
Where the pumps are to handle hot liquids or have
light inlet pressure drops, care shall be taken to
see that the required Net Positive Suction Head
(NPSH) does not exceed the NPSH available on
the pump.
‫ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﺷﻲ‬2-15
15.2 Circulating Pump
‫ دﺑﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬،‫ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﭘﻤﭗ‬
(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬1-7 ‫)ﮔﺎﻟﻦ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدد )ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ اﺗﻼف ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از اﺻﻄﻜﺎك در ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ و‬،‫در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ ﺑﺎ‬.‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ارﺗﻔﺎع آﺑﺪﻫﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻗﻠﻤﺪاد ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﭘﻤﭗ در ﺑﺮوﺷﻮر ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه )ارﺗﻔﺎع در‬
‫ اﻧﺪازه ﻣﻮﺗﻮر‬.‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻛﺮد‬،(‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ دﺑﻲ‬
‫ درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻗﺪرت ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬20 ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن‬
.‫ﺷﺪه ﭘﻤﭗ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدد‬
For these pumps, the flow rate in m3/h (gpm) shall
be computed (refer to Clause 7.1). Friction loss in
all piping and elements in heating system shall be
defined as a friction head. By refering to
manufacturer’s performance (head versus flow
rate) curve, the appropriate pump can be selected.
Motor size shall be based on 20% increase in
calculated pump power.
: ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
For additional information on material
specification of pumps, reference is made to IPSM-PM-115 and IPS-M-AR-225.
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ‬IPS-M-AR-225 ‫ و‬IPS-M-PM-115 ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
.‫ﮔﺮدد‬
16. WATER TREATMENT
‫ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب‬-16
16.1 General Consideration
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬1-16
:‫ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ذﻳﻞ را در ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮد‬
Designer shall consider the following factors:
‫اﻟﻒ( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮوز ﺧﻄﺮات ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ‬
a) The potential hazards associated with any
particular water treatment chemical program
shall be handled by qualified and experienced
personnel.
‫ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ و ﻣﺠﺮب‬،‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ آب‬
.‫ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮد‬
b) Suitable safety rules shall be formulated.
.‫ب( ﻣﻘﺮرات اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﻮد‬
c) Appropriate safety equipment shall be
supplied.
.‫ج( ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻬﻴﺎ ﮔﺮدد‬
d) The safety program shall be enforced at all
times to avoid injury or equipment damage.
‫د( ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺘﻨﺎب از ﻣﺼﺪوﻣﻴﺖ اﻓﺮاد ﻳﺎ ﺧﺴﺎرت وارده ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات در ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﻳﻤﻨﻲ را ﻻزم اﻻﺟﺮا‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻮد‬
29
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
e) Contamination of drinking water by nonpotable or untreated waters shall be prevented
by eliminating cross-connections between
systems, through provisions of necessary
backflow preventers.
‫ﻫ( از آﻟﻮده ﺷﺪن آب آﺷﺎﻣﻴﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ آﺑﻬﺎي ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﺮب و‬
f) Disposal of water treated with some
chemicals into municipal sewers or into
streams or lakes can be restricted.
‫و(از رﻫﺎ ﻛﺮدن آب ﻫﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮاد‬
g) Pollution control regulations shall be
consulted when selecting water treatment.
‫ز( ﻣﻘﺮرات ﻛﻨﺘﺮل آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ آب ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺣﺬف اﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي از ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ آب ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
.‫دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ اﻗﺪام ﮔﺮدد‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و رﻳﺨﺘﻦ آن در ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﺷﻬﺮي ﻳﺎ در آﺑﻬﺎي‬
.‫ﺟﺎري و ﻳﺎ درﻳﺎﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﮔﺮدد‬
.‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ‬2-16
16.2 Corrosion Control
‫ ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ در ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎت آﺑﻲ را ﺑﺎ‬1-2-16
16.2.1 Corrosion damage to water systems can be
minimized by using corrosion resistant
construction materials, providing protective
coatings to separate the water from the metal
surfaces of the equipment, removing oxygen from
the water or altering the water composition by
adding corrosion inhibitors and pH control
chemicals.
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮي ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دارﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان‬
‫ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ آب را از‬.‫ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ رﺳﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺬف اﻛﺴﻴﮋن از آب ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬،‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺟﺪا ﺳﺎزﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ آب ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ﺧﻮردﮔﻲ و ﻣﻮاد‬
.‫ اﻗﺪام ﻧﻤﻮد‬PH ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ‬200 ‫ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز از‬2-2-16
16.2.2 The minimum concentration required can
be from 200 (as sodium chromate) to 2000 mg/l
(ppm).
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ )ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬2000 ‫)ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻛﺮﻣﺎت ﺳﺪﻳﻢ( ﺗﺎ‬
.‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
:‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً از اﺛﺮات رﺷﺪ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﺧﺴﺎرت‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲﺑﻴﻨﻨﺪ زﻳﺮا دﻣﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺸﺘﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬
.‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
Heating systems do not generally suffer from the
effects of biological growths, because their
operating temperatures are sufficient to kill the
organisms involved.
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب‬3-16
16.3 Selection of Water Treatment
‫ﻃﺮاح ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ذﻳﻞ را ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب‬
:‫در ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮد‬
Designer shall consider the following factors for
selection of water treatment:
‫اﻟﻒ(آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ آب‬
a) The chemical analysis of water.
‫ب( ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬
b) Economic parameter.
‫ج( ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت‬
c) Other non-chemical influences such as the
design of individual major system components,
equipment operation and human factors (the
quantity and quality of operating personnel
available).
‫ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه و‬،‫اﺻﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺠﺰا‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺮوي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ در راﻫﺒﺮي دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
. ‫و ﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ ﺑﻮدن آﻧﻬﺎ‬
: ‫ﻳﺎدآوري‬
Note:
‫ﺑﺮاي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ آب ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
.‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬43 ‫ ﺟﻠﺪ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻓﺼﻞ‬ASHRAE 2007
For additional information on water treatment,
reference is made to ASHRAE 2007 Application
volume, chapter 43.
30
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
PART III
III ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬
ATTACHMENTS
‫ﻣﺪارك ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ‬
(The Attachments are for information purposes
and do not form a part of this Standard)
‫)ﻣﺪارك ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬
(‫از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
ATTACHMENT 1
1 ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
OUTDOOR DESIGN WINTER
TEMPERATURES
‫دﻣﺎي ﻓﻀﺎي ﺧﺎرج از ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن در زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
CITY NAME *
MINIMUM TEMP .....°C (°F)
‫ﻧﺎم ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت‬
©
AGHAJARI
AHWAZ
GACHSARAN
KHARG ISLAND
AVERAGE WIND VELOCITY
m/s
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎد‬
(F)
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬
‫آﻏﺎﺟﺎري‬
4.4
40
4.5
‫اﻫﻮاز‬
1.3
34.3
2.1
‫ﮔﭽﺴﺎران‬
- 1.1
30
4.5
‫ﺧﺎرك‬
11
52
3.0
1.7
35
4.8
-12
10.4
6
MASJED-E-SOLEIMAN
‫ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬
TEHRAN
‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬
* For Complete Out Door Design Winter Temperatures for another cities, please refer to
WWW.Weather.ir
‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬WWW.Weather.ir ‫ﺑﺮاي دﻣﺎي ﺧﺎرج از ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ در زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‬
31
32
‫اﺗﺎق ﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل‬
CONTROL ROOMS
‫ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺳﺎزي و ﻏﻴﺮه‬- ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎژ‬
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻲ‬
FACTORY COMFORT
Assembly Areas, Machining Rooms. etc.
‫ﻏﻴﺮه‬
‫ و‬،‫ رﺳﺘﻮران‬،‫ ﻛﺎﻓﻪ ﺗﺮﻳﺎ آﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬،‫ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎ‬،‫ﺑﺎر ﻧﻬﺎن زﻳﺎد( ﺗﺎﻻر ﺳﺨﻨﺮاﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺮارت ﻣﺤﺴﻮس ﻛﻢ‬
LOW SENSIBLE HEAT FACTOR APPLICATIONS
(High latent load)
Auditorium, church, Cafeteria, Restaurant, kitchen, etc.
‫ﻏﻴﺮه‬
‫ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﻣﺎرﻛﺖ و‬،‫ اﻧﺒﺎر‬،‫ اداره‬،‫ ﻓﺮوﺷﮕﺎه‬،‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻦ زﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ آراﻳﺸﮕﺎه‬،‫ﺑﺎﻧﻚ‬
RETAIL SHOPES
(Short term occupancy)
Bank,Barber or Beauty Shop, Dept. Store, Supermarket,
etc.
– (‫ﻓﺮوﺷﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ )اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﺪت‬
‫ ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ و ﻏﻴﺮه‬،‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن‬،‫دﻓﺘﺮ ﻛﺎر‬، ‫ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬،‫آﭘﺎرﺗﻤﺎن‬
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ آﺳﺎﻳﺶ‬
GENERAL COMFORT
Apt House, Hotel, Office Hospital, School, etc.
‫ﻧﻮع ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬
TYPE OF APPLICATION
55-45
55-50
50-45
50-45
72ْ F(22ْ C)
‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬
80-85
78-80
78-80
77-79
‫دﻣﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ‬
4554
%‫ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬
‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬
%R/
H
60-50
60-50
50-45
50-45
‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬
Dry- Bulb
R.H (%)
(F)
To - 6
-4
To - 3
-2
To - 4
-3
To - 4
-3
‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دﻣﺎ‬
‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬
2 ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
RECOMMENDED INDOOR DESIGN DRYBULB TEMPERATURES
‫دﻣﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ‬
±2ْ C
ATTACHMENT 2
±2ْ C
‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دﻣﺎ‬
Swing
Temp.
-6
-4
-4
-4
‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دﻣﺎ‬
45-52
%‫ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬
%R/H
70-74
74-76
73-75
75-77
‫دﻣﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ‬
Temp
Swing ‡
(F)
( °C )
70ْ F(21ْ C)
‫درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺧﺸﻚ‬
35-30
40-35
35-30**
35-30
‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬
Rel Hum
Temp Swing
(%)
‡ (F) Dry- Bulb (F)
Dry- Bulb ºF©
68-72
72-74
72-74
74-76
‫دﻣﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ‬
Dry- Bulb (F)
‫ﺑﺪون رﻃﻮﺑﺖ زﻧﻲ‬
Without
Humidification
‫زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬
( °C )
Swing
Temp.
3 to 6
1 to 2
2 to 4
2 to 4
‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دﻣﺎ‬
† (F)
Temp Swing
‫زﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺎري‬
‫درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت‬
‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬
Rel Hum
(%)
Dry- Bulb ºF©
77-80
76-78
76-78
74-76
‫دﻣﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ‬
Dry- Bulb
(F)
Deluxe ‫دوﻟﻮﻛﺲ‬
WINTER
With Humidification ‫ﺑﺎ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن‬
‫ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬- ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
Commercial Practice ‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد‬
SUMMER
-Recommended Inside Design Conditions* -Summer And Winter
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ‬
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
‫ ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻻي درﺟﻪ‬، ‫† در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎر در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن‬
† Temperature swing is above the thermostat
sehing at peak summer load conditions.
.‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺗﺮﻣﺴﺘﺎت اﺳﺖ‬
‡ Temperature swing is below the thermostat
‫ ﻧﻮﺳﺎن دﻣﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ از‬، ‫‡ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎر در زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬
setting at peak winter load conditions. (no lights,
‫ ﻧﻈﺮات ﻳﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه‬،‫درﺟﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎت اﺳﺖ )ﺑﺪون روﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬
people or solar head gain).
(‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪي‬
* The room design dry-bulb temperature should
‫* ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﺗﺸﻌﺸﻌﻲ ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺠﺎورت ﻧﻈﺮات‬
be reduced when hot radiant panels are adjacent to
‫)ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻓﻴﻦ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ دﻣﺎي ﺣﺒﺎب ﺧﺸﻚ اﺗﺎق ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ و‬
the occupants and increased when cold panels are
.‫وﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت ﺳﺮد ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ دﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬
adjacent.
** Winter humidifieation in retail clothing shops
‫** رﻃﻮﺑﺖ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ اﺟﻨﺎس در‬
is recommended to malttain the guality texture of
.‫ﺧﺮده ﻓﺮوﺷﻲﻫﺎي ﻟﺒﺎس ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
goods.
33
‫ﺗﻴﺮ ‪Jul. 2009 / 1388‬‬
‫)‪IPS-E-AR-100(1‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ‪3‬‬
‫‪ATTACHMENT 3‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
‫‪HEATING LOAD ESTIMATE SHEET‬‬
‫‪TEMPERATURE OF AIR ENTERING‬‬
‫درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻫﻮاي ورودي‬
‫درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫‪× --------------ْ F = ------------------ ْ F‬‬
‫‪× ------------- ْ Fْ = -------------------ْ F‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ )ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﻫﻮاي ورودي‬
‫دﻣﺎي اﺗﺎق‪+‬ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬
‫‪TOTAL BTU PER‬‬
‫‪HOUR‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫‪TEM.‬‬
‫‪DIFF.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬
‫دﻣﺎ‬
‫‪HEATING CONDITIONS‬‬
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫‪R.H…………….GR.LB‬‬
‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻮﭘﻦ در ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫‪R.H……………..GR.LB‬‬
‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻮﭘﻦ در ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫‪DIFF…………...GR.LB‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻼف درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﮔﻮﭘﻦ در ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫‪………….% OUTSIDE AIR‬‬
‫‪………… % RECIRCULATED AIR‬‬
‫درﺻﺪ ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺎرج‬
‫درﺻﺪ ﻫﻮاي ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ‬
‫‪( TOTAL (AVERAGE ENTERING AIR TEMP)=………..F°‬‬
‫‪ROOM TEMP. CORRECTION FOR HT . OF UNIT‬‬
‫‪TOTAL BTU PER‬‬
‫‪HR F DIFF‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺮاي اﺧﺘﻼف‬
‫دﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫‪BTU PER HR‬‬
‫‪PER F DIFF‬‬
‫ﺑﻲﺗﻲﻳﻮ در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺮاي‬
‫اﺧﺘﻼف دﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫‪SQ FT‬‬
‫ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
‫‪TRANS.‬‬
‫‪FACT.‬‬
‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت‬
‫‪ROOM…………..D.B……… .W.B………%‬‬
‫دﻣﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ اﺗﺎق‬
‫دﻣﺎي ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬
‫‪OUTSIDE…….…D.B…….…..W.B………..%‬‬
‫دﻣﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ ﺧﺎرج‬
‫دﻣﺎي ﻣﺮﻃﻮب‬
‫‪DIFF………..F°‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬
‫درﺟﻪ ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫‪SURFACE‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫‪INFILTRATION‬‬
‫‪TOTAL TRANSMISSION LOSS‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ اﺗﻼف اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت‬
‫‪C F M‬‬
‫‪TEMP. GRADIENT FACTOR‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
‫‪---------------‬‬‫‪ × ----------- ْ F × 1.08‬ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ‪ -------- CFM‬ﻫﻮاي ﺧﺎرج ‪OUTSIDE AIR‬‬
‫‪ × ----------- ْ F × 1.08‬ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ‪ --------- CFM‬ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا ‪INFILTRATION‬‬
‫ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫روش درزي‬
‫روش ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ‬
‫‪SQ FT×0.8‬‬
‫‪SQ FT×0.8‬‬
‫‪SQ FT‬‬
‫‪SQ FT‬‬
‫‪TOTAL‬‬
‫‪SUBTOTAL‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ اﺟﺰاء‬
‫‪AREA METHOD‬‬
‫‪SAFETY FACTOR ---------------- %‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن‬
‫‪CRACK METHOD‬‬
‫‪ LN. FT × -------‬ﻃﻮل‬
‫ﭘﻨﺠﺮه ‪WINDOW‬‬
‫ﻧﻮرﮔﻴﺮ ‪SKYLIGHT‬‬
‫‪ LN. FT × -------‬ﻃﻮل‬
‫‪DOOR‬‬
‫‪ LN. FT × ------‬ﻃﻮل‬‫‪ SQ. FT × -------‬ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
‫در‬
‫‪DOOR USAGE‬‬
‫در ب ﺑﺎز ﺷﻮ‬
‫‪AIR CHANGE METHOD‬‬
‫روش ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻫﻮا‬
‫‪GRAND TOTAL HEAT LOSS‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﻛﻞ اﺗﻼف ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
‫‪WATER‬‬
‫‪EVAPORATED‬‬
‫آب ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﺷﺪه‬
‫ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ‪/‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ‪LB/H‬‬
‫‪HUMIDIFICATION‬‬
‫رﻃﻮﺑﺖ زﻧﻲ‬
‫‪CFM‬‬
‫‪INFIL‬‬
‫‪CFMQA‬‬
‫‪GR/LB DIFF.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻼف ﮔﺮﺑﻦ در ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫‪1580‬‬
‫‪C F M‬‬
‫‪-------- MAX‬‬
‫ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫‪-------- MIN‬‬
‫‪CU FT‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ‪MAX‬‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪MIN‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻫﻮا‬
‫ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫‪EQUIPMENT CHOICE‬‬
‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات‬
‫‪CU. FT.‬‬
‫‪GAS/HR‬‬
‫ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﻛﻞ‬
‫در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫‪HOT WATER‬‬
‫‪GPM‬‬
‫آب ﮔﺮم‬
‫ﮔﺎﻟﻦ در دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫‪STEAM CONDُ S‬‬
‫‪LP/H‬‬
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺨﺎر‬
‫ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‪/‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫‪INSTALLED‬‬
‫‪CAPACITY‬‬
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫‪BTU CONSTANT‬‬
‫ﺑﻲ ﺗﻲ ﻳﻮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫‪34‬‬
‫‪BASIC‬‬
‫‪RATING‬‬
‫دﺑﻲ اﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫‪FIN. TEMP.F.‬‬
‫درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎرﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫‪CFM‬‬
‫‪RPM‬‬
‫ﻓﻮت ﻣﻜﻌﺐ در‬
‫دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫دور در‬
‫دﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫‪UNIT‬‬
‫‪SIZE‬‬
‫اﻧﺪازه واﺣﺪ‬
‫‪QUAN.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
ATTACHMENT 4
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
4 ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
TYPICAL BOILER ROOM PIPING
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي از ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
BOILER PIPING FOR MULTIPLE-ZONE MULTIPLE-PURPOSE HEATING SYSTEM
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ دﻳﮓ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن – ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮم ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮره‬
35
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
ATTACHMENT 5
5 ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
FUEL - OIL (PUMP SUCTION) PIPE SIZING
‫ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ )ﻣﻜﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ( ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
RECOMMENDED SIZES (mm) FOR SUCTION
LINES FROM TANK TO PUMP (FOR
RESIDUAL GRADES NO s. 5 AND 6)
‫ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه )ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ( ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺶ از‬
( 6 ‫ و‬5 ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ )ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺷﻤﺎره ﻫﺎي‬
Maximum Suction Lift=4.5m
Pumping
Rate , l/h
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬4/5‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻜﺶ‬
Length of Run ,m
‫ﻃﻮل ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫دﺑﻲ ﭘﻤﭙﺎژ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در‬
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
40
40
40
50
50
50
65
65
65
40
40
50
50
50
65
65
65
65
40
50
50
65
65
65
65
65
80
50
50
50
65
65
65
80
80
80
50
65
65
65
80
80
80
80
100
50
65
65
80
80
80
80
100
100
65
65
65
80
80
80
100
100
100
65
65
80
80
80
80
100
100
100
65
80
80
80
80
100
100
100
100
90
80
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
50
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Pipe sizes smaller than 25 mm ISO are not
recommended for use with residual grade fuel
oils. Lines conveying fuel oil from pump
discharge port to burners and tank return may be
reduced by 1 or 2 sizes, depending upon piping
length and pressure losses.
‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻮﺧﺖ‬ISO ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬25 ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬.‫ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ﻣﻮاد ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ را از ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل و اﺗﻼف ﻓﺸﺎر‬
.‫ اﻧﺪازه ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬2 ‫ ﻳﺎ‬1 ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ‬
Recommended sizes (mm) for suction lines from
tank to pump (for residual grades no s. 1 and 2)
‫اﻧﺪازه ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ( ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺶ از‬
(2 ‫ و‬1 ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ )ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺷﻤﺎره ﻫﺎي‬
Maximum Suction Lift=4.5m
Pumping
Rate, l/h
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬4/5 ‫ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻜﺶ‬
Length of Run ,m
‫ﻃﻮل ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫دﺑﻲ ﭘﻤﭙﺎژ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در‬
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
15
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
20
15
15
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
15
15
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
15
15
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
15
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
32
20
20
20
25
25
25
32
32
32
20
20
25
25
25
32
32
32
32
20
20
25
25
25
32
32
32
32
25
25
25
25
32
32
32
50
50
25
25
25
32
32
32
50
50
50
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
50
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
36
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
ATTACHMENT 6
6 ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM AREA OF
BOILER HOUSE OPENINGS FOR
VENTILATION
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎز ﺷﻮ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي درﻳﭽﻪ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
MINIMUM AREA
EVAPORATION
‫ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ‬
lbs/hr ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬/‫ﺑﻮﻧﺪ‬
SQ FT ‫ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5500
6500
7500
8500
9500
10500
11500
12500
13500
14500
15500
16500
17500
18500
20000
22500
25000
27500
30000
35000
1.16
1.45
1.74
2.03
2.32
2.61
3.19
3.77
4.35
4.93
5.51
6.09
6.67
7.25
7.83
8.41
8.99
9.57
10.15
10.73
11.6
13.05
14.50
15.95
17.40
20.30
: ‫ﻳﺎدآوريﻫﺎ‬
Notes:
:‫( ﻗﺎﻋﺪه روش ﺳﺮاﻧﮕﺸﺘﻲ‬1
1) Rule of Thumb Method:
To ensure an adequate supply of air for
combustion, the room in which the burner is
installed shall have permanent ventilation source
in order of at least 5.5 cm2 per kw of Boiler
output.
‫ اﺗﺎﻗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﻌﻞ در آن‬،‫ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻮاي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز اﺣﺘﺮاق‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ داراي ﻳﻚ درﻳﭽﻪ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ داﺋﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺎزاء ﻫﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮوات ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬5/5 ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
.‫ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ دﻳﮓ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
2) Minimum area calculated by formula:
‫( ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ذﻳﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬2
‫ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ‬
EVAPORATION  2
= Square Feet
3450
: ‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد‬
EVAPORATION  2
= ‫ﻓﻮت ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
3450
.‫( ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﻛﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد‬3
3) For heating load calculation systems see carrier
software.
37
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
ATTACHMENT 7
7 ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‬
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY FACTORS
FOR USUAL BUILDING MATERIAL
‫ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬
Dry density
Kg/m3
‫ﺟﺮم ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬
Materials
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
(ρ) ‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
Stones
Igneous and metamorphic Rocks:
Granite , Gneiss , Porphyry
Block or semi Block stones
Soft Rocks (chalk)
Very soft rocks
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ در‬
‫دﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
‫ ﭘﺮﻓﻴﺮي‬،‫ ﮔﻨﺎﻳﺲ‬، ‫ﮔﺮاﻧﻴﺖ‬
2300-2900
2.2
‫ آردواز‬، ‫ﺷﻴﺴﺖ‬
2000-2800
2.2
‫ﺑﺎزاﻟﺖ‬
2700-3000
1.6
‫ آﻧﺪزﻳﺖ‬،‫ ﺗﺮاﻛﻴﺖ‬،‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﭘﺎ‬
2000-2700
1.1
>2590
2.9
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﺳﺨﺖ آﻫﻜﻲ‬
2350-2580
2.4
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻳﻜﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻴﻤﻪ‬
1840-2340
1.4
(‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻧﺮم )ﮔﭽﻲ‬
1480-1830
1
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻧﺮم‬
<1470
0.85
Limestones:
Hard rocks (lime rocks)
(λ)‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
:‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي آذرﻳﻦ و دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬
basalt
Marbles
‫ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎ‬
Schist ,
Pumice , Trachyte , Andesite
effective thermal
conductivity (λ)
W/m.C°
: ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي آﻫﻜﻲ‬
(‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﺳﺮد)ﻣﺮﻣﺮ‬
Sandstones:
: ‫ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎ‬
quartzites
‫ﻛﻮارﺗﺰي‬
2200-2800
2.6
Calcareous
‫آﻫﻜﻲ‬
2000-2700
1.9
2600-2800
2.6
1900-2500
1.8
1300-1900
0.9
flints , float stone:
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﭼﺨﻤﺎق و ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ‬
38
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
Dry density
Kg/m3
‫ﺟﺮم ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬
Materials
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
(ρ) ‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
Tile
‫ﻛﺎﺷﻲ‬
Concrete :
effective thermal
conductivity (λ)
W/m.C°
‫ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
(λ)‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ در‬
‫دﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
1700-2100
1-1.35
: ‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
concretes with heavy siliceous , calcareous silica and limestone aggregates :
‫ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻲ آﻫﻜﻲ و ﺳﻨﮓ آﻫﻚ‬،‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬
Normal concrete
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
2200-2400
1.75
Porous concrete
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‬
1700-2100
1.4
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﮔﺪازهاي ﻛﻮره‬
1650-1900
1.15
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ اي ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
2200-2400
1.4
‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره دﻧﺪان‬
2200-2300
0.8
1600-2000
0.7
1400-1600
0.52
1200-1400
0.44
‫ﺑﺪون ذرات رﻳﺰ و ﺑﺪون ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬
1000-1200
0.35
Concrete with sintered fly - ash
(visual density of aggregates :
appx.650 kg / m3
‫ﺑﺘــﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘــﺮ ﺑﺎدي ﺑﺼـﻮرت ﺗﻮده‬
650 ‫)وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص در ﺣﺪود‬
( ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
1000-1200
0.35
Concrete with natural light-weight
aggregates or pumice (Visual
density of aggregates: appx.600 kg /
m3)
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺳﺒﻚ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻨﮓ‬
‫ آﺗﺸﻔﺸﺎن )وزن‬. ‫ﭘﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي‬
(‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬600 ‫در ﺣﺪود‬
950-1150
0.46
Concrete with heavy blast furnace
aggregates
Normal concrete
With natural (River or mineral) sand
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬
With slug aggregates
Porous Concrete
With less than 10 percent river sand
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‬
‫ درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬10 ‫ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
Concrete with light weight- aggregates:
concrete with cinder or Expanded
slug with porous structure (visual
density of aggregate appx. 750kg /
m3)
With fine particles or sand
Without fine particles or sand
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺳﺒﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﺑﺎره ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ )وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ‬750 ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮط در ﺣﺪود‬
( ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ذرات رﻳﺰ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬
39
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
Dry density
Kg/m3
‫ﺟﺮم ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬
Materials
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
(ρ) ‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
effective thermal
conductivity (λ)
W/m.C°
‫ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
(λ)‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ در‬
‫دﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
Concrete with Expanded clay or ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك رس ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﺷﺪه و ﻳﺎ‬
chist
‫ﺧﺎك و ﺳﻨﮕﺮﻳﺰه‬
‫ و ﻋﻴﺎر‬350 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
Visual weight of aggregates > 350
3
kg and cement content > 300 kg/m ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﺮ‬300‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
of concrete
‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
With river sand - no lightweight
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ و ﺑﺪون ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ‬
sand
With river sand with lightweight
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ و ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ‬
sand
Visual weight of aggregates > 300
cement content > 350- 550 ‫و‬350 ‫وزن ﻇﺎﻫﺮي ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
kg/ and
3
550kg/ m of concrete
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم‬300 ‫و ﻋﻴﺎر ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
With lightweight sand and max. %10 ‫ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬%10 ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ و ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ‬
river sand.
‫رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
1600-1800
1.05
1400-1600
0.85
1200-1400
0.7
1000-1200
0.46
800-1000
0.33
600-800
0.25
<600
0.2
600-800
0.31
400-600
0.24
400-450
0.19
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ‬
With river sand and lightweight sand
Visual weight of aggregates > 350 350 ‫وزن ﻇﺎﻫﺮي ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
kg/ and cement content > 250 kg/ 250 ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم و ﻋﻴﺎر ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از‬
m3 of concrete
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
With lightweight sand and max.
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ و ﺑﺪون ﻣﺎﺳﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
%10 river sand.
Without sand and with low cement
‫ﺑﺪون ﻣﺎﺳﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﻋﻴﺎر ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻛﻢ‬
content.
Without sand and with low cement
‫ﺑﺪون ﻣﺎﺳﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﻋﻴﺎر ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﻛﻢ‬
content.
Concrete with very lightweight
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺳﺒﻚ‬
aggregates.
concrete made with perlite or ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ از ﭘﺮﻟﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ ورﻣﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﺖ‬
vermiculite (3 -6 mm)-cast in place:
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ( اﺟﺮاي درﺟﺎ‬6 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬3 ‫)از‬
Ratio : 1to 3
3 ‫ ﺑﻪ‬1 ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
6 ‫ ﺑﻪ‬1 ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
Ratio : 1 to 6
Precast concrete layers made with ‫ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ از ورﻣﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﺖ‬
vermiculite.
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
Porous autoclave concrete
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ اﺗﻮ ﻛﻼو‬
40
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
Dry density
Kg/m3
‫ﺟﺮم ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬
Materials
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
(ρ) ‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
effective thermal
conductivity (λ)
W/m.C°
‫ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
(λ)‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ در‬
‫دﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
Nominal Specific Gravity : 800
800 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬
775-825
0.33
Nominal Specific Gravity: 750
750 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬
725-775
0.29
Nominal Specific Gravity: 700
700 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬
675-725
0.27
Nominal Specific Gravity: 650
650 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬
625-675
0.24
Nominal Specific Gravity: 600
600 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬
575-625
0.22
Nominal Specific Gravity: 550
550 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬
525-575
0.2
Nominal Specific Gravity: 500
500 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬
475-525
0.18
Nominal Specific Gravity: 450
450 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬
425-475
0.17
Nominal Specific Gravity: 400
400 ‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﻤﻲ‬
375-425
0.16
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ از ﺗﺮاﺷﻪﻫﺎي ﭼﻮب‬
450-650
0.16
‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﺗﺮاﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﭼﻮب و ﺳﻴﻤﺎن‬
450-550
0.15
‘’
350-450
0.12
‘’
250-350
0.1
1800-2100
1.15
Concrete with wood particles
Wood - cement concrete
Cement - Wood particle board
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺮده ﭼﻮب‬
‘’
‘’
Plaster , Mortar and sealant
Asbestos cement and cellulose
cement.
‫ ﻣﻼت و درزﮔﻴﺮ‬، ‫اﻧﺪود‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﻨﺒﻪ ﻛﻮﻫﻲ و ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰي‬
Asbestos cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﭘﻨﺒﻪ ﻛﻮﻫﻲ‬
1800-2200
0.95
Cellulose cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰي‬
1400-1800
0.46
Cellulose cement
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎن ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰي‬
1000-1400
0.35
1100-1300
0.5
‫ﮔﭻ‬
Gypsum
Gypsum (rich slurry) or (high rich
slurry)
" ‫ﮔﭻ " دوﻏﺎب ﻏﻨﻲ" ﻳﺎ " ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻏﻨﻲ‬
( ‫)ﮔﭻ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺳﺨﺖ و ﮔﭻ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪه‬
41
Jul. 2009 / 1388 ‫ﺗﻴﺮ‬
IPS-E-AR-100(1)
Dry density
Kg/m3
‫ﺟﺮم ﻣﺨﺼﻮص‬
Materials
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
(ρ) ‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
Gypsum precast panel with
pasteboard blanket or mineral
fibers.
Gypsum with fire-proof
pasteboard and gypsum layers
reinforced with mineral fibers.
Gypsum with perlite or
vermiculite (1to 2 mm)
One volume of perlite or
vermiculite per one volume of
gypsum
Two volume of perlite or
vermiculite per one volume of
gypsum
Mineral wools
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﮔﭽﻲ ﺑﺎ روﻛﺶ‬
‫ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻟﻴﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬،‫ﻣﻘﻮاﻳﻲ‬
‫ﮔﭻ ﺑﺎ روﻛﺶ ﻣﻘﻮاﻳﻲ " ﺿﺪ آﺗﺶ " و‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﭻ آرﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻟﻴﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
2 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬1 ‫ﮔﭻ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻟﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ ور ﻣﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﺖ )از‬
(‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺣﺠﻢ ﭘﺮﻟﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ ورﻣﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﺖ در ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﭻ‬
‫دو ﺣﺠﻢ ﭘﺮﻟﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ ورﻣﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﺖ در ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﮔﭻ‬
‫ﭘﺸﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
Rock wool
‫ﭘﺸﻢ ﺳﻨﮓ‬
Glass wool
‫ﭘﺸﻢ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ‬
Natural woods
Oaks , beech , yggdrasil , fruit trees
Natural density 650-800 kg/m3
Natural density 500-650 kg/m3
High density gum trees wood :
Natural density > 700 kg/m3
effective thermal
conductivity (λ)
W/m.C°
‫ﺿﺮاﻳﺐ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ‬
(λ)‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ وات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ در‬
‫دﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮاد‬
750-1000
0.35
800-1000
0.35
700-900
0.3
500-700
0.25
18-25
0.047
25-35
0.041
35-80
0.039
80-180
0.041
9-12
0.054
12-18
0.048
18-25
0.043
25-80
0.037
80-130
0.039
600-750
0.23
450-600
0.15
600-750
0.23
‫ﭼﻮﺑﻬﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ زﺑﺎن‬،‫ راﻧﺶ ﺳﺨﺖ‬،‫ﺑﻠﻮط‬
‫ درﺧﺘﺎن ﻣﻴﻮه‬،‫ﮔﻨﺠﺸﻚ‬
800 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬650 "‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص "ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
650 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬500 "‫وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص "ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫ﭼﻮب درﺧﺘﺎن ﺻﻤﻐﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﺑﻴﺶ از‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬700
42